ZC Language Project

https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc
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### Install Rules for Executable, Libraries, and Data Files

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Defines installation rules for the 'zc' executable, standard library files, plugin directories, and documentation JSON files. Also handles man page installation on Unix-like systems.

```cmake
install(TARGETS zc DESTINATION bin)
install(FILES std.zc DESTINATION share/zenc)
install(DIRECTORY std DESTINATION share/zenc)
install(FILES src/zen/facts.json DESTINATION share/zenc)
install(FILES src/repl/docs.json DESTINATION share/zenc)
install(FILES plugins/zprep_plugin.h DESTINATION include/zenc)
install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/plugins/ DESTINATION lib/zenc/plugins 
        FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.${PLUGIN_EXT}")

if(UNIX AND NOT WIN32)
    install(FILES man/zc.1 DESTINATION share/man/man1)
    install(FILES man/zc.5 DESTINATION share/man/man5)
    install(FILES man/zc.7 DESTINATION share/man/man7)
endif()
```

--------------------------------

### Install Zen C Compiler

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Follow these steps to clone the repository, build, and install the Zen C compiler on your system.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc.git
cd zenc
make clean # remove old build files
make
sudo make install
```

--------------------------------

### Negative Test Pattern Example

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Demonstrates the pattern for files testing compiler rejection. Must start with `// EXPECT: FAIL`.

```zc
// EXPECT: FAIL
// Using a moved value should be rejected

struct Mover { val: int }
impl Drop for Mover { fn drop(self) {} }

fn consume(m: Mover) {}
fn main() {
    let m = Mover { val: 10 }
    consume(m)
    consume(m)  // Error: use of moved value
}
```

--------------------------------

### Standard Library Import Examples

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Shows how to import standard library modules in Zenc. `std/test.zc` is auto-imported with the `test` keyword.

```zc
import "std/core.zc"
import "std/string.zc"
import "std/result.zc"
```

--------------------------------

### Start Zen C REPL

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Launch the Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL) for interactive Zen C code experimentation with in-process JIT compilation.

```bash
zc repl
```

--------------------------------

### File Header Comment Example

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Example of a file header comment describing the test file's content.

```zc
// control-flow/match: match expression compilation and runtime behavior
```

--------------------------------

### Run Portable Executable

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Example of running the APE-compiled Zenc compiler on any supported OS to build a project.

```bash
./out/bin/zc.com build hello.zc -o hello
```

--------------------------------

### Standard Test File Structure

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Illustrates the required structure for a typical Zen C test file, including sections for setup, execution, and assertion.

```zc
// <dir>/<feature>: one-line description of what this tests

// Arrange  --  set up inputs and expected values

// Act  --  execute the feature under test
let input = some_value;
let result = feature_under_test(input);

// Assert  --  verify with descriptive message
expect_eq(result, expected, "feature(x) should return y [when condition]");
```

--------------------------------

### Negative Test File Header Example

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Example of a file header comment for a negative test file, placed after the `// EXPECT: FAIL` marker.

```zc
// EXPECT: FAIL
// keyword-ident/fn: 'fn' used as identifier should be rejected
```

--------------------------------

### Compile and Run Zen C with Zig

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Use this command to compile and run a Zen C program using Zig as the C compiler backend. Ensure Zig is installed and configured.

```bash
# Compile and run a Zen C program with Zig
zc run app.zc --cc zig
```

--------------------------------

### Start Zen C Language Server

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Initiate the Zen C Language Server (LSP) for editor integration using the 'zc lsp' command. It communicates via standard I/O (JSON-RPC 2.0).

```bash
zc lsp
```

--------------------------------

### Compiling Embedded Zen C Application After Install

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Compile your C application after installing Zen C. Use the system's include path for the public headers.

```bash
cc -I /usr/local/include/zenc my_tool.c -o my_tool
```

--------------------------------

### Positive Test Case Example

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Example of a positive test case demonstrating a feature working with typical valid input.

```zc
expect_eq(fn(42), 42, "fn(42) should return 42")
```

--------------------------------

### Embedding Zen C Compiler (C API)

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Use the public C API headers to embed the Zen C compiler in your tools. This example shows basic compiler initialization and execution.

```c
#include <zc_core.h>
#include <zc_driver.h>
#include <zc_diag.h>

int main(void) {
    ZenCompiler compiler = {0};
    compiler.config.input_file = "source.zc";
    return driver_run(&compiler);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Assertion Message Examples

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Illustrates correct and incorrect ways to format assertion messages. Messages should describe the expectation clearly.

```zc
// BAD  --  unacceptable, will fail review:
assert(ok, "ok");
assert(result == 42);
assert(cond, "x == 42");  // tautological

// GOOD  --  required:
expect_eq(result, 42, "double(21) should return 42");
expect(result != null, "safe-nav should return null on missing field");
assert(x > 0, "Fibonacci(10) should be positive");
```

--------------------------------

### Filtering Tests by Name Pattern

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Example of filtering tests to run only those matching a specific name pattern using `ZC_TEST_FILTER`.

```sh
# Filter by name pattern:
ZC_TEST_FILTER="string" make test    # Only tests with "string" in the path
```

--------------------------------

### Zenc Unit Test Syntax

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Example of defining a test case in Zenc using the built-in testing framework. Tests feature per-test isolation and non-fatal assertions.

```zc
test "descriptive name" {
    let a = 3;
    assert(a > 0, "a should be positive");
}
```

--------------------------------

### Test with Different Backends

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md

Run the test suite using different C compilers as backends.

```bash
./tests/scripts/run_tests.sh --cc clang    # Clang
./tests/scripts/run_tests.sh --cc zig      # Zig cc
./tests/scripts/run_tests.sh --cc tcc      # Tiny C Compiler
```

--------------------------------

### Build with Warnings as Errors

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md

Clean the build, then compile with -Werror and parallel jobs for recommended pre-PR checks.

```bash
make clean && make WERROR=1 -j$(nproc)
```

--------------------------------

### Platform-Specific Library Logic

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Sets up platform-dependent libraries and file extensions. Includes logic for Windows (Winsock), macOS (CoreFoundation), and Linux/BSD (libdl, libm).

```cmake
set(PLATFORM_LIBS Threads::Threads)
if(ZC_USE_JIT)
    list(APPEND PLATFORM_LIBS ${TCC_LIBRARY})
endif()
if(WIN32)
    # Winsock 2 for Networking, ws2_32 is required for our socket abstraction
    list(APPEND PLATFORM_LIBS ws2_32)
    set(PLUGIN_EXT ".dll")
    set(BINARY_EXT ".exe")
    set(SHARED_FLAGS "")
elseif(APPLE)
    # macOS requires CoreFoundation for _NSGetExecutablePath
    find_library(COREFOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK CoreFoundation)
    list(APPEND PLATFORM_LIBS ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS} ${COREFOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK})
    set(SHARED_FLAGS "-fPIC")
    set(BINARY_EXT "")
    set(PLUGIN_EXT ".dylib")
else()
    # Linux/BSD: Link with libdl for zc_dlopen and libm for math
    if(NOT ZC_NO_PLUGINS)
        list(APPEND PLATFORM_LIBS ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})
    endif()
    list(APPEND PLATFORM_LIBS m)
    set(SHARED_FLAGS "-fPIC")
    set(BINARY_EXT "")
    set(PLUGIN_EXT ".so")
endif()
```

--------------------------------

### Build Zenc on Windows

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Build the Zenc compiler executable on Windows using the provided batch script with GCC (MinGW).

```cmd
build.bat
```

--------------------------------

### Convenience Alias for Full Lisp Content

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Use the convenience alias `--backend-full-content` for transpiling to Lisp to display the full raw content without truncation.

```bash
zc transpile file.zc --backend lisp --backend-full-content
```

--------------------------------

### Running a Single Test File

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Command to run a specific Zenc test file directly.

```sh
./zc run tests/path/to/test.zc
```

--------------------------------

### LLDB Debugger Launch Configuration for VS Code

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Set up a launch configuration in VS Code's 'launch.json' to debug Zen C applications using LLDB, with the build task specified as a pre-launch task.

```json
{
    "name": "Zen C: Debug (LLDB)",
    "type": "lldb",
    "request": "launch",
    "program": "${fileDirname}/app",
    "preLaunchTask": "Zen C: Build Debug"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Development Targets

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Common make targets for formatting, linting, benchmarking, and building with warnings.

```bash
make format       # Auto-format all source files with clang-format
make format-check # Verify formatting without changing files
make lint         # Run format-check + shellcheck on test scripts
make bench        # Run performance benchmarks
make WERROR=1     # Build with -Werror (warnings as errors)
```

--------------------------------

### Show Full Raw Content for Lisp Backend

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Transpile a Zen C file to Lisp format and display the full raw content without truncation. This option is useful for debugging or when complete output is required.

```bash
# Show full raw content (no truncation)
zc transpile file.zc --backend lisp --backend-opt full-content
```

--------------------------------

### Build Native Plugins with Custom Command

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Uses a custom command to build native plugins for various languages (befunge, brainfuck, forth, lisp, sql). It ensures the plugin directory exists and uses the 'zc' compiler to build shared objects.

```cmake
set(PLUGIN_NAMES befunge brainfuck forth lisp sql)
foreach(plugin ${PLUGIN_NAMES})
    set(PLUGIN_OUTPUT "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/plugins/${plugin}${PLUGIN_EXT}")
    
    add_custom_command(
        OUTPUT "${PLUGIN_OUTPUT}"
        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/plugins"
        COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:zc> build "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/plugins/${plugin}.zc" -shared -o "${PLUGIN_OUTPUT}"
        DEPENDS zc "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/plugins/${plugin}.zc"
        COMMENT "Building native plugin ${plugin}"
        VERBATIM
    )
    
    add_custom_target(${plugin}_plugin ALL DEPENDS "${PLUGIN_OUTPUT}")
endforeach()
```

--------------------------------

### Build Zen C Compiler with Zig

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

This command builds the Zen C compiler itself using Zig. It's recommended to use GCC or Clang for building the compiler, but Zig can be used as a backend for operational code.

```bash
# Build the Zen C compiler itself with Zig
make zig
```

--------------------------------

### Run All Tests

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md

Execute the entire test suite to ensure all functionality remains intact.

```bash
make test
```

--------------------------------

### Running All Tests

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Command to run all language, compiler, and stdlib tests in C mode.

```sh
make test          # Run all language/compiler/stdlib tests (C mode)
```

--------------------------------

### Build Portable Executable (APE)

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Build the Zenc compiler as an Actually Portable Executable (APE) using Cosmopolitan Libc. This produces a single binary that runs on multiple OS and architectures.

```bash
make ape
sudo env "PATH=$PATH" make install-ape
```

--------------------------------

### Test Target Configuration

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Sets up a 'test' target that runs various test scripts (run_tests.sh, run_codegen_tests.sh, run_example_transpile.sh). Allows specifying specific test files via the TEST_FILES cache variable.

```cmake
set(TEST_FILES "" CACHE STRING "Space-separated list of specific test files to run")
add_custom_target(test
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/scripts/run_tests.sh -- ${TEST_FILES}
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/scripts/run_codegen_tests.sh ${TEST_FILES}
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/scripts/run_example_transpile.sh ${TEST_FILES}
    DEPENDS zc
    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
)
```

--------------------------------

### Running LSP Protocol Tests

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Command to run the LSP protocol tests.

```sh
make test-lsp      # Run LSP protocol tests
```

--------------------------------

### Add Executable and Link Libraries

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Defines the main executable target 'zc' and links it with the platform-specific libraries. Also applies custom compile flags if provided.

```cmake
add_executable(zc ${SRCS})
target_link_libraries(zc PRIVATE ${PLATFORM_LIBS})
if(NOT "${ZC_COMPILE_FLAGS}" STREQUAL "")
    target_compile_options(zc PRIVATE ${ZC_COMPILE_FLAGS})
endif()
```

--------------------------------

### Run Specific Test

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md

Execute a single test file directly using the Zen C runner.

```bash
./zc run tests/language/control_flow/test_match.zc
```

--------------------------------

### Specify Compiler Backend

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Use the '--cc' flag with 'zc run' to select a different C compiler backend, such as Clang or Zig.

```bash
zc run app.zc --cc clang
```

```bash
zc run app.zc --cc zig
```

--------------------------------

### Zen C Code with C++ Interop

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Demonstrates how to include C++ headers and use raw blocks for C++ code within Zen C. This allows for seamless integration with C++ libraries and standard library features.

```zc
include <vector>
include <iostream>

raw {
    std::vector<int> make_vec(int a, int b) {
        return {a, b};
    }
}

fn main() {
    let v = make_vec(1, 2);
    raw { std::cout << "Size: " << v.size() << std::endl; }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Run Zen C Tests

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Execute Zen C test files using the 'zc run' command. The output will indicate which tests passed or failed.

```bash
zc run my_file.zc
```

--------------------------------

### Transpile Zen C to C++ for Manual Build

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Transpile a Zen C file to C++ source code, allowing for a manual build process with g++. This is useful for integrating with existing C++ build systems.

```bash
# Or transpile for manual build
zc transpile app.zc --backend cpp
g++ out.cpp my_cpp_lib.o -o app
```

--------------------------------

### Zen C Kernel Launch Syntax

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Use the `launch` statement to invoke CUDA kernels with specified grid, block, shared memory, and stream configurations.

```zc
launch kernel_name(args) with {
    grid: num_blocks,
    block: threads_per_block,
    shared_mem: 1024,  // Optional
    stream: my_stream   // Optional
};
```

--------------------------------

### Direct Compilation with CUDA Backend

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Compile a Zen C application directly for CUDA using the `--backend cuda` flag. This command utilizes nvcc for compilation, enabling GPU programming.

```bash
# Direct compilation with nvcc
zc run app.zc --backend cuda
```

--------------------------------

### Convenience Alias for Pretty JSON Output

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Use the convenience alias `--json-pretty` to achieve the same result as `--backend json --backend-opt pretty` for transpiling to JSON.

```bash
# OR use convenience aliases:
zc transpile file.zc --backend json --json-pretty
```

--------------------------------

### Zenc Compiler Usage

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Common commands for compiling, running, and documenting Zenc code, including interactive shell and Zen facts.

```bash
# Compile and run
zc run hello.zc

# Build executable
zc build hello.zc -o hello

# Interactive Shell
zc repl

# Documentation (Recursive)
zc doc main.zc

# Documentation (Single file, no check)
zc doc --no-recursive-doc --no-check main.zc

# Show Zen Facts
zc build hello.zc --zen
```

--------------------------------

### Run Specific Test via Make

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md

Execute a single test file using the make test command with a specific filter.

```bash
make test only="tests/language/control_flow/test_match.zc"
```

--------------------------------

### Running MISRA Compliance Suite

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Command to run the MISRA compliance test suite.

```sh
make test-misra    # Run MISRA compliance suite
```

--------------------------------

### Compiling Zen C to Objective-C

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Compile Zen C code to Objective-C using the `--backend objc` flag. This allows integration with Objective-C frameworks like Cocoa/Foundation.

```bash
zc app.zc --backend objc --cc clang
```

--------------------------------

### Using Objective-C Syntax in Zen C

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Include Objective-C headers using `include` and embed Objective-C syntax within `raw` blocks. Supports string interpolation with Objective-C objects.

```zc
//> macos: framework: Foundation
//> linux: cflags: -fconstant-string-class=NSConstantString -D_NATIVE_OBJC_EXCEPTIONS
//> linux: link: -lgnustep-base -lobjc

include <Foundation/Foundation.h>

fn main() {
    raw {
        NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
        NSLog(@"Hello from Objective-C!");
        [pool drain];
    }
    println "Zen C works too!";
}
```

--------------------------------

### Transpile Zen C to CUDA for Manual Build

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Transpile a Zen C file to CUDA C++ source code for a manual build process with nvcc. This provides flexibility in managing the compilation of GPU kernels.

```bash
# Or transpile for manual build
zc transpile app.zc --backend cuda -o app.cu
nvcc app.cu -o app
```

--------------------------------

### Compile Zen C with C++ Backend

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Directly compile a Zen C application using the C++ backend, which is compatible with C++ libraries. This command uses g++ for compilation.

```bash
# Direct compilation with g++
zc app.zc --backend cpp
```

--------------------------------

### Pretty-print JSON Output

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Transpile a Zen C file to JSON format and pretty-print the output. This is useful for generating machine-readable Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) for tooling.

```bash
# Pretty-print JSON output
zc transpile file.zc --backend json --backend-opt pretty
```

--------------------------------

### Set Zenc Standard Library Path

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Configure the ZC_ROOT environment variable to specify the location of the Zenc Standard Library, allowing the compiler to be run from any directory.

```bash
export ZC_ROOT=/path/to/Zen-C
```

--------------------------------

### Compiling Embedded Zen C Application

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Compile your C application that embeds the Zen C compiler. Include necessary paths for the public headers.

```bash
cc -I src/public -I src -I src/utils my_tool.c -o my_tool
```

--------------------------------

### Run Specialized Test Suites

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md

Execute specialized test suites for specific purposes like LSP integration or MISRA compliance.

```bash
make test-lsp      # LSP integration tests
make test-tcc      # Full suite with TCC backend
make test-misra    # MISRA C compliance checks
make test-asan     # AddressSanitizer / UBSan tests
```

--------------------------------

### Writing CUDA Kernels in Zen C

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Define CUDA kernels using the `@global` decorator and Zen C's function syntax. Includes memory allocation, data initialization, kernel launch, and synchronization.

```zc
import "std/cuda.zc"

@global
fn add_kernel(a: float*, b: float*, c: float*, n: int) {
    let i = thread_id();
    if i < n {
        c[i] = a[i] + b[i];
    }
}

fn main() {
    def N = 1024;
    let d_a = cuda_alloc<float>(N);
    let d_b = cuda_alloc<float>(N); 
    let d_c = cuda_alloc<float>(N);
    defer cuda_free(d_a);
    defer cuda_free(d_b);
    defer cuda_free(d_c);

    // ... init data ...
    
    launch add_kernel(d_a, d_b, d_c, N) with {
        grid: (N + 255) / 256,
        block: 256
    };
    
    cuda_sync();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create Feature Branch

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md

Create a new branch for your feature or bugfix to keep changes organized.

```bash
git checkout -b feature/NewThing
```

--------------------------------

### Build Debug Task for VS Code

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Configure a build task in VS Code's 'tasks.json' to compile Zen C code with debugging flags enabled.

```json
{
    "label": "Zen C: Build Debug",
    "type": "shell",
    "command": "zc",
    "args": [ "${file}", "-g", "-o", "${fileDirname}/app", "-O0" ],
    "group": { "kind": "build", "isDefault": true }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Per-test-block Structure

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/tests/DOCS.md

Defines the standard structure for a Zenc test block, including Arrange, Act, and Assert phases.

```zc
test "<scenario>" {
    // Arrange
    <setup inputs>

    // Act
    <run feature>

    // Assert
    expect_eq(actual, expected, "description");
}
```

--------------------------------

### Add Compile Definitions Based on Feature Flags

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Adds preprocessor definitions to the build based on the state of feature flag options. This allows the C/C++ code to conditionally compile features.

```cmake
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_LSP=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_LSP}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_REPL=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_REPL}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_PLUGINS=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_PLUGINS}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_ZEN=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_ZEN}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_CPP_BACKEND=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_BACKENDS}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_CUDA_BACKEND=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_BACKENDS}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_OBJC_BACKEND=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_BACKENDS}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_JSON_BACKEND=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_BACKENDS}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_LISP_BACKEND=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_BACKENDS}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_DOT_BACKEND=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_BACKENDS}>>)
add_compile_definitions(ZC_HAS_ASTDUMP_BACKEND=$<NOT:$<BOOL:${ZC_NO_BACKENDS}>>)
```

--------------------------------

### Zen C Assertions in Tests

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Use 'expect' for non-fatal assertions within a test to check multiple conditions. Both 'expect' assertions will run even if the first one fails.

```zc
test "example" {
    expect(result != null, "result should not be null");
    expect(result.code == 200, "status should be 200");
    // both run even if the first fails
}
```

--------------------------------

### Distclean Target for Cleaning Build Artifacts

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Defines a 'distclean' target to clean the build directory. It removes compiled files, the 'out.c' file, and the generated plugin directory.

```cmake
add_custom_target(distclean
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build . --target clean
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E rm -f out.c
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E rm -rf ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/plugins
    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
)
```

--------------------------------

### Define Feature Flags with Options

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Defines boolean options to control feature availability like plugins, LSP, REPL, Zen facts, and backends. These options can be set to ON or OFF during the CMake configuration.

```cmake
option(ZC_NO_PLUGINS "Disable the plugin system entirely" OFF)
option(ZC_NO_LSP "Disable LSP server" OFF)
option(ZC_NO_REPL "Disable interactive REPL" OFF)
option(ZC_NO_ZEN "Disable Zen facts/docs" OFF)
option(ZC_NO_BACKENDS "Disable non-C backends" OFF)
```

--------------------------------

### Conditional Compile Definition and Message

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Conditionally adds a compile definition and prints a status message if the plugin system is disabled.

```cmake
if(ZC_NO_PLUGINS)
    add_compile_definitions(ZC_NO_PLUGINS)
    message(STATUS "Plugin system disabled.")
endif()
```

--------------------------------

### Misra Test Target

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Defines a 'test-misra' custom target to run Misra-specific tests using a dedicated script.

```cmake
add_custom_target(test-misra
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/scripts/run_misra_tests.sh
    DEPENDS zc
    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
)
```

--------------------------------

### Zen C CUDA Standard Library Usage

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/README.md

Utilize the `std/cuda.zc` library for common CUDA operations like memory management and synchronization. Thread indexing functions are for use inside kernels.

```zc
import "std/cuda.zc"

// Memory management
let d_ptr = cuda_alloc<float>(1024);
cuda_copy_to_device(d_ptr, h_ptr, 1024 * sizeof(float));
defer cuda_free(d_ptr);

// Synchronization
cuda_sync();

// Thread Indexing (use inside kernels)
let i = thread_id(); // Global index
let bid = block_id();
let tid = local_id();
```

--------------------------------

### TCC Test Target

Source: https://github.com/zenc-lang/zenc/blob/main/CMakeLists.txt

Defines a 'test-tcc' custom target to run tests specifically using the TCC compiler, leveraging the run_tests.sh script with a '--cc tcc' argument.

```cmake
add_custom_target(test-tcc
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tests/scripts/run_tests.sh --cc tcc
    DEPENDS zc
    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
)
```
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