### Convert Myanmar Sentences to PNG Images

Source: https://github.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/blob/main/README.md

This bash script, `mytext2pic.sh`, converts Myanmar sentences from an input text file into individual PNG image files. It relies on a LaTeX setup (`mytext.tex`) and requires the input file and script to be in the same directory. The script is intended for generating images for OCR training and evaluation.

```bash
#!/bin/bash

# make "png files" for each Myanmar sentence from the input file
# written by Ye Kyaw Thu, Language Understanding Lab., Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
# Note: you need "mytext.tex" latex file and your file that contained Myanmar sentences
# under the same folder with "mytext2pic.sh"
#
# Last updated: 19 June 2020 
# How to run: bash ./mytext2pic.sh <input-file>
# e.g. bash ./mytext2pic.sh ./mytxt4png.txt
# output files: line1.png, line2.png, line3.png ...

# Ref: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/34054/tex-to-image-over-command-line/34058#34058

```

--------------------------------

### Load Validation Data with Pandas (Python)

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

This Python function loads the validation dataset from a specified file path into a Pandas DataFrame. It processes each line, splitting it into image path and text label, and calculates the word count for each line. The function returns a DataFrame containing image paths, text labels, and word counts, and the usage example prints the total number of samples and the average words per line.

```python
import pandas as pd

# Load validation dataset
def load_myocr_data(file_path):
    data = []
    with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        for line in f:
            parts = line.strip().split('\t')
            if len(parts) == 2:
                data.append({
                    'image_path': parts[0],
                    'text': parts[1],
                    'word_count': len(parts[1].split('_'))
                })
    return pd.DataFrame(data)

# Usage
valid_df = load_myocr_data('data/ver1.0/valid.txt')
print(f"Validation samples: {len(valid_df)}")
print(f"Average words per line: {valid_df['word_count'].mean():.2f}")

# Example output:
# Validation samples: 5803
# Average words per line: 8.45
```

--------------------------------

### Read Training Data (Python)

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

This Python code snippet demonstrates how to read the training data from a file. It parses each line to extract the image path and the corresponding text label, then splits the label into individual words. The output shows the image path, a list of words, and the reconstructed text with spaces.

```python
# Reading training data
with open('data/ver1.0/train.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    for line in f:
        image_path, text_label = line.strip().split('\t')
        # image_path: Images/MasterpieceUniType_312.png
        # text_label: တပို့တွဲ_လ_တွင်_၂၉_ရက်_ရှိ_သည်
        words = text_label.split('_')
        print(f"Image: {image_path}")
        print(f"Words: {words}")
        print(f"Text: {text_label.replace('_', ' ')}")
```

--------------------------------

### Create Multi-Volume 7z Archives with Bash

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Compresses files into multi-volume 7z archives, useful for splitting large datasets. The `-v52m` flag specifies a volume size of 52MB. The command also includes timing and verification steps.

```bash
# Compress images into 52MB volumes
time 7z a -v52m Images.7z ./Images/

# Output details:
# - Scanning: 1 folder, 25,790 files, 91,981,953 bytes (88 MiB)
# - Archive size: 85,800,971 bytes (82 MiB)
# - Volumes: 2
# - Compression time: ~4.25 seconds

# Verify archive integrity
7z t Images.7z.001

# List archive contents without extracting
7z l Images.7z.001 | head -20
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Synthetic Images from Text (Bash)

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

This bash script, `mytext2pic.sh`, converts Myanmar sentences from an input file into PNG images. It utilizes `xelatex` to generate a PDF from a LaTeX template (`mytext.tex`) and then uses `ImageMagick`'s `convert` command to transform the PDF into a high-quality PNG image. The script iterates through each line of the input file, creating a sequentially named PNG file for each sentence.

```bash
#!/bin/bash
# mytext2pic.sh - Convert Myanmar sentences to PNG images
# Requires: xelatex, ImageMagick (convert), mytext.tex LaTeX template

count=1
input_file="$1"

cat "$input_file" | while read -r line
do
   # Generate PDF using XeLaTeX with Myanmar font support
   xelatex "\def\mytext{${line}}\input{mytext.tex}"

   # Convert PDF to high-quality PNG
   convert -density 300 mytext.pdf -quality 90 line$count.png

   ((count++))
done

# Usage example:
# bash mytext2pic.sh myanmar_sentences.txt
# Output: line1.png, line2.png, line3.png, ...
```

--------------------------------

### Convert Text Lines to Images using LaTeX and ImageMagick (Shell)

Source: https://github.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/blob/main/README.md

This script iterates through lines of an input text file, converts each line into a PDF using xelatex with a defined LaTeX template, and then converts the PDF to a PNG image using ImageMagick. It requires xelatex, convert (ImageMagick), and a 'mytext.tex' template file.

```shell
count=1;

cat $1 | while read -r line
do
   xelatex "\def\mytext{${line}}\input{mytext.tex}"
   convert -density 300 mytext.pdf -quality 90 line$count.png
   ((count++))
done
```

--------------------------------

### Extract Multi-Volume 7z Archive

Source: https://github.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/blob/main/README.md

This command shows how to extract a multi-volume 7z archive. By specifying the first volume file (e.g., Images.7z.001), the 7z utility automatically handles the extraction of all subsequent volumes in the sequence.

```bash
7z x Images.7z.001
```

--------------------------------

### Archive Myanmar OCR Images using 7z

Source: https://github.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/blob/main/README.md

This command demonstrates how to archive a directory of Myanmar OCR images into multi-volume 7z archives. The `-v52m` option splits the archive into 52MB volumes, useful for overcoming file size limitations. The output includes the compression process details and the resulting split archive files.

```bash
#!/bin/bash

time 7z a -v52m Images.7z ./Images/

# Example output:
# 7-Zip 23.01 (x64) : Copyright (c) 1999-2023 Igor Pavlov : 2023-06-20
#  64-bit locale=en_US.UTF-8 Threads:24 OPEN_MAX:1024
#
# Scanning the drive:
# 1 folder, 25790 files, 91981953 bytes (88 MiB)
#
# Creating archive: Images.7z
#
# Add new data to archive: 1 folder, 25790 files, 91981953 bytes (88 MiB)
#
#
# Files read from disk: 25790
# Archive size: 85800971 bytes (82 MiB)
# Volumes: 2
# Everything is Ok
#
# real    0m4.250s
# user    0m8.873s
# sys     0m0.260s

```

--------------------------------

### Programmatic Random Sample Selection with Python

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Selects random image samples per font using Python. It groups images by font name extracted from filenames and uses the `random.sample` function. The selected samples are then copied to a specified output directory. Dependencies include `random`, `shutil`, `pathlib`, and `collections.defaultdict`.

```python
import random
import shutil
from pathlib import Path
from collections import defaultdict

def select_random_samples(image_dir, samples_per_font=2):
    """
    Select random samples for each font type
    """
    # Group images by font name
    font_images = defaultdict(list)

    for img_path in Path(image_dir).glob('*.png'):
        font_name = img_path.stem.rsplit('_', 1)[0]
        font_images[font_name].append(img_path)

    # Select random samples
    samples = {}
    for font, images in font_images.items():
        selected = random.sample(images, min(samples_per_font, len(images)))
        samples[font] = selected
        print(f"{font}: {len(images)} images, selected {len(selected)}")

    return samples

# Usage
output_dir = Path('random_samples')
output_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)

samples = select_random_samples('Images/', samples_per_font=2)

# Copy selected samples
for font, image_paths in samples.items():
    for img_path in image_paths:
        dest = output_dir / img_path.name
        shutil.copy(img_path, dest)
        print(f"Copied: {img_path.name}")

print(f"\nTotal fonts: {len(samples)}")
print(f"Total samples: {sum(len(imgs) for imgs in samples.values())}")
```

--------------------------------

### Generate OCR Images with Python

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Generates synthetic OCR images for Myanmar text using a Python script. It takes a list of texts, an output directory, and a font name to create PNG images. Dependencies include `subprocess` and `os` modules, and an external script `mytext2pic.sh`.

```python
import subprocess
import os

def generate_ocr_images(text_list, output_dir, font_name):
    """
    Generate synthetic OCR images for Myanmar text
    """
    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)

    for idx, text in enumerate(text_list):
        output_file = f"{output_dir}/{font_name}_{idx}.png"

        # Create temporary text file
        with open('temp_text.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(text)

        # Generate image using mytext2pic.sh
        try:
            subprocess.run(
                ['bash', 'mytext2pic.sh', 'temp_text.txt'],
                check=True,
                timeout=30
            )

            # Rename generated image
            os.rename(f'line{idx+1}.png', output_file)
            print(f"Generated: {output_file}")

        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
            print(f"Timeout generating image for text: {text[:50]}...")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error: {e}")

    # Cleanup
    if os.path.exists('temp_text.txt'):
        os.remove('temp_text.txt')

# Example usage
myanmar_texts = [
    "တပို့တွဲ_လ_တွင်_၂၉_ရက်_ရှိ_သည်",
    "အားနာ_စရာ_ကြီး_အကြာကြီး_ရှာ_နေ_ရ_တယ်"
]
generate_ocr_images(myanmar_texts, 'output_images', 'MyanmarFont')
```

--------------------------------

### Font-Based Random Sampling with Bash

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Selects random sample image files based on their font names. This bash script iterates through PNG files, identifies fonts from filenames (e.g., 'FontName_123.png'), and copies 2 random samples per font into a 'random_samples' directory.

```bash
#!/bin/bash
# get_random_samples.sh - Extract random samples per font

mkdir -p random_samples

# Find all unique font names and select 2 random samples per font
find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*.png" -type f \
    | sed 's|^\./||' \
    | cut -d'_' -f1 \
    | sort -u \
    | while read font; do
        echo "=== $font ==="
        find . -maxdepth 1 -name "${font}_*.png" -type f \
            | sed 's|^\./||' \
            | shuf \
            | head -n 2 \
            | while read file; do
                cp "$file" "random_samples/"
                echo "Copied: $file"
            done
        echo
    done

echo "Done! Random samples are in random_samples/ folder"

# Expected output: 28 images (2 per font × 14 fonts)
```

--------------------------------

### Load Ground Truth Data (Python)

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

This Python function loads ground truth data from a file where words are separated by spaces, unlike the training/validation data which uses underscores. It parses each line to extract the image path and the space-separated text. The function returns a list of dictionaries, each containing the image path, the space-separated text, and a version of the text with spaces replaced by underscores, which is useful for evaluation and post-OCR correction models.

```python
# Load ground truth with space-separated words
def load_ground_truth(file_path):
    """
    GT.shuf.txt contains space-separated words instead of underscores
    Useful for evaluation and post-OCR correction models
    """
    samples = []
    with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        for line in f:
            image_path, text = line.strip().split('\t')
            samples.append({
                'image': image_path,
                'text': text,
                'underscore_format': text.replace(' ', '_')
            })
    return samples

gt_data = load_ground_truth('data/ver1.0/GT.shuf.txt')
print(f"Total ground truth samples: {len(gt_data)}")
# Output: Total ground truth samples: 25790
```

--------------------------------

### Extract Multi-Volume 7z Archives with Bash

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Extracts images from multi-volume 7z archives. This command automatically processes all split volumes (e.g., Images.7z.001, Images.7z.002) to reconstruct the original archive. It's useful for downloading datasets split due to file size limits.

```bash
# The dataset images are compressed in multi-volume 7z format
# Due to GitHub file size limits, archives are split into 52MB volumes

# Extract all images from multi-volume archive
7z x Images.7z.001

# This automatically processes all volumes:
# - Images.7z.001 (52MB)
# - Images.7z.002 (30MB)
# Total extracted: 25,790 images (88 MiB)

# Verify extraction
find Images/ -name "*.png" | wc -l
# Expected output: 25790
```

--------------------------------

### N-gram Statistical Correction for Myanmar Text

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Implements an N-gram model to correct OCR errors in Myanmar text by leveraging word and character probabilities. It builds an n-gram model from a corpus and then uses it to predict more probable character sequences. Dependencies include `collections` and `math`.

```python
from collections import Counter, defaultdict
import math

class NgramCorrector:
    """
    N-gram based post-OCR correction for Myanmar text
    """
    def __init__(self, corpus_file, n=3):
        self.n = n
        self.ngrams = defaultdict(Counter)
        self._build_ngram_model(corpus_file)

    def _build_ngram_model(self, corpus_file):
        with open(corpus_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            for line in f:
                _, text = line.strip().split('\t')
                text = text.replace('_', ' ')

                # Build n-grams
                for i in range(len(text) - self.n + 1):
                    context = text[i:i+self.n-1]
                    next_char = text[i+self.n-1]
                    self.ngrams[context][next_char] += 1

    def correct(self, text, threshold=0.1):
        """
        Correct text using n-gram probabilities
        """
        corrected = []
        text_clean = text.replace('_', ' ')

        for i, char in enumerate(text_clean):
            if i < self.n - 1:
                corrected.append(char)
                continue

            context = text_clean[i-self.n+1:i]

            if context in self.ngrams:
                char_probs = self.ngrams[context]
                total = sum(char_probs.values())

                current_prob = char_probs.get(char, 0) / total
                best_char, best_prob = max(char_probs.items(),
                                          key=lambda x: x[1])
                best_prob = best_prob / total

                if best_prob - current_prob > threshold:
                    corrected.append(best_char)
                else:
                    corrected.append(char)
            else:
                corrected.append(char)

        return ''.join(corrected)

# Usage
corrector = NgramCorrector('data/ver1.0/GT.shuf.txt', n=4)\nocr_output = "စိတ်မပူ_ပါ_နဲ့_ရှာ_တွေ့_အောင်_ကြိုးစား_ပါ_မယ်"
corrected = corrector.correct(ocr_output)
print(f"Original: {ocr_output}")
print(f"Corrected: {corrected}")
```

--------------------------------

### Data Generator for Training (Python)

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Implements a custom data generator class `MyOCRDataGenerator` that inherits from `tf.keras.utils.Sequence`. This generator is designed for OCR tasks, compatible with CNN-BiLSTM-CTC architectures. It handles loading images and text labels from files, preprocessing images to a fixed size, and encoding text labels into character indices based on a provided or generated character set. It supports batching and is suitable for training deep learning models.

```python
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
import tensorflow as tf

class MyOCRDataGenerator(tf.keras.utils.Sequence):
    """
    Data generator for myOCR dataset
    Compatible with CNN-BiLSTM-CTC architecture
    """
    def __init__(self, data_file, image_dir, batch_size=32,
                 img_width=800, img_height=64, charset=None):
        self.batch_size = batch_size
        self.img_width = img_width
        self.img_height = img_height

        # Load data
        self.samples = []
        with open(data_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            for line in f:
                img_path, text = line.strip().split('\t')
                full_path = f"{image_dir}/{img_path}"
                self.samples.append((full_path, text))

        # Build character set
        if charset is None:
            chars = set()
            for _, text in self.samples:
                chars.update(text)
            self.charset = sorted(list(chars))
        else:
            self.charset = charset

        self.char_to_idx = {ch: idx for idx, ch in enumerate(self.charset)}
        self.idx_to_char = {idx: ch for ch, idx in self.char_to_idx.items()}

    def __len__(self):
        return int(np.ceil(len(self.samples) / self.batch_size))

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        batch_samples = self.samples[idx * self.batch_size:(idx + 1) * self.batch_size]

        images = []
        labels = []

        for img_path, text in batch_samples:
            # Load and preprocess image
            img = Image.open(img_path).convert('L')
            img = img.resize((self.img_width, self.img_height))
            img_array = np.array(img) / 255.0
            images.append(img_array)

            # Encode label
            label = [self.char_to_idx.get(ch, 0) for ch in text]
            labels.append(label)

        return np.array(images), labels

# Usage
train_gen = MyOCRDataGenerator(
    'data/ver1.0/train.txt',
    'data/ver1.0',
    batch_size=32
)

print(f"Total batches: {len(train_gen)}")
print(f"Character set size: {len(train_gen.charset)}")
print(f"Sample characters: {train_gen.charset[:20]}")
```

--------------------------------

### Analyze Font Distribution

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Analyzes the distribution of fonts present in a dataset file. It reads image paths from a specified file, extracts font names from the paths, counts their occurrences, and prints a formatted report of font counts and percentages. Dependencies include `collections.Counter` and `matplotlib.pyplot`.

```python
from collections import Counter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def analyze_font_distribution(data_file):
    """
    Analyze the distribution of fonts in the dataset
    """
    font_counts = Counter()

    with open(data_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        for line in f:
            image_path = line.split('\t')[0]
            # Extract font name from path: Images/FontName_number.png
            font_name = image_path.split('/')[1].split('_')[0]
            font_counts[font_name] += 1

    # Display statistics
    print(f"Total samples: {sum(font_counts.values())}")
    print(f"Number of fonts: {len(font_counts)}")
    print(f"\nFont distribution:")

    for font, count in font_counts.most_common():
        percentage = (count / sum(font_counts.values())) * 100
        print(f"{font:30s}: {count:5d} ({percentage:5.2f}%)")

    return font_counts

# Analyze training set
train_fonts = analyze_font_distribution('data/ver1.0/train.txt')
```

--------------------------------

### Transformer-Based OCR Correction with mT5

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Utilizes a fine-tuned mT5 Transformer model for advanced post-OCR correction. This method achieves high accuracy metrics (CHRF++ 99.31%, WER 0.66%). It requires PyTorch and the Transformers library. The function loads the model and tokenizer, then processes the input OCR text for correction.

```python
import torch
from transformers import MT5ForConditionalGeneration, MT5Tokenizer

def load_correction_model(model_path='correction_transformer'):
    """
    Load fine-tuned mT5 model for post-OCR correction
    Achieves CHRF++ 99.31% and WER 0.66%
    """
    tokenizer = MT5Tokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
    model = MT5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(model_path)
    return tokenizer, model

def correct_ocr_output(ocr_text, tokenizer, model, device='cuda'):
    """
    Correct OCR errors using Transformer model
    """
    # Prepare input
    input_text = f"correct: {ocr_text}"
    inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors='pt',
                       max_length=512, truncation=True)
    inputs = {k: v.to(device) for k, v in inputs.items()}

    # Generate correction
    model.to(device)
    with torch.no_grad():
        outputs = model.generate(
            **inputs,
            max_length=512,
            num_beams=5,
            early_stopping=True
        )

    corrected = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
    return corrected

# Usage
tokenizer, model = load_correction_model()
ocr_errors = "စိတ်မပူ_ပါ_နဲ့_ရှာ_တွေ့_အောင်_ကြိုးစား_ပါ_မယ်"
corrected = correct_ocr_output(ocr_errors, tokenizer, model)

print(f"OCR output: {ocr_errors}")
print(f"Corrected: {corrected}")
# WER reduced from 9.18% to 0.66%
# CHRF++ improved from 97.90% to 99.31%
```

--------------------------------

### OCR Model Prediction Decoding (Python)

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Provides a function `decode_predictions` to convert raw CTC model outputs into human-readable text. This function uses greedy decoding by selecting the most probable character at each time step and then removes duplicate characters and blanks. It requires the model's predictions, a mapping from character indices to characters (`idx_to_char`), and optionally the index of the blank character.

```python
def decode_predictions(predictions, idx_to_char, blank_index=0):
    """
    Decode CTC predictions to text
    """
    decoded_texts = []

    for pred in predictions:
        # Greedy decoding
        pred_indices = np.argmax(pred, axis=-1)

        # Remove consecutive duplicates
        previous = blank_index
        decoded_chars = []
        for idx in pred_indices:
            if idx != previous and idx != blank_index:
                decoded_chars.append(idx_to_char.get(idx, ''))
            previous = idx

        decoded_texts.append(''.join(decoded_chars))

    return decoded_texts

# Example prediction
# Assuming load_trained_model, load_test_images are defined elsewhere
# model = load_trained_model('myocr_model_9000iter.h5')
# test_images = load_test_images(['Images/MyanmarAyar3_664.png'])
# predictions = model.predict(test_images)

# decoded = decode_predictions(predictions, train_gen.idx_to_char)
# print(f"Predicted text: {decoded[0]}")
# Expected: စိတ်မပူ_ပါ_နဲ့_ရှာ_တွေ့_အောင်_ကြိုးစား_ပါ_မယ်
```

--------------------------------

### Validate Dataset Integrity

Source: https://context7.com/ye-kyaw-thu/myocr/llms.txt

Validates the integrity of a dataset by checking for missing images, encoding issues, empty labels, and duplicate image entries. It iterates through a data file, verifies image existence, and reports any identified issues. Dependencies include `os` and `pathlib.Path`.

```python
import os
from pathlib import Path

def validate_dataset(data_file, image_base_dir):
    """
    Validate dataset integrity: check missing images, encoding issues
    """
    issues = {
        'missing_images': [],
        'invalid_encoding': [],
        'empty_labels': [],
        'duplicate_images': []
    }

    seen_images = set()
    total_lines = 0

    with open(data_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        for line_num, line in enumerate(f, 1):
            total_lines += 1

            try:
                parts = line.strip().split('\t')
                if len(parts) != 2:
                    issues['invalid_encoding'].append(line_num)
                    continue

                image_path, label = parts

                # Check for empty labels
                if not label.strip():
                    issues['empty_labels'].append(line_num)

                # Check for duplicate images
                if image_path in seen_images:
                    issues['duplicate_images'].append(image_path)
                seen_images.add(image_path)

                # Check if image exists
                full_path = Path(image_base_dir) / image_path
                if not full_path.exists():
                    issues['missing_images'].append(image_path)

            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Error at line {line_num}: {e}")

    # Print report
    print(f"Dataset Validation Report")
    print(f"=" * 50)
    print(f"Total entries: {total_lines}")
    print(f"Unique images: {len(seen_images)}")
    print(f"Missing images: {len(issues['missing_images'])}")
    print(f"Invalid encoding: {len(issues['invalid_encoding'])}")
    print(f"Empty labels: {len(issues['empty_labels'])}")
    print(f"Duplicate images: {len(issues['duplicate_images'])}")

    return issues

# Validate datasets
train_issues = validate_dataset('data/ver1.0/train.txt', 'data/ver1.0')
valid_issues = validate_dataset('data/ver1.0/valid.txt', 'data/ver1.0')
```

=== COMPLETE CONTENT === This response contains all available snippets from this library. No additional content exists. Do not make further requests.