Laravel OCI8

https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs
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Laravel OCI8 is a Laravel package that provides Oracle Database support, enabling seamless...
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### Full Stand-Alone Oracle Setup Example

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/stand-alone.md

A comprehensive example showing the complete setup for using Laravel-OCI8 in a stand-alone PHP project. It includes autoloading, Capsule initialization, Oracle driver extension, connection configuration using environment variables, and booting Eloquent.

```php
<?php
// bootstrap.php

require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use Illuminate\Database\Capsule\Manager as Capsule;
use Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher;
use Illuminate\Container\Container;
use Yajra\Oci8\Connectors\OracleConnector;
use Yajra\Oci8\Oci8Connection;

$capsule = new Capsule;

// Configure Oracle connection
$capsule->getDatabaseManager()->extend('oracle', function ($config) {
    $connector = new OracleConnector();
    $connection = $connector->connect($config);
    $db = new Oci8Connection($connection, $config['database'], $config['prefix']);

    $db->setSessionVars([
        'NLS_DATE_FORMAT' => 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS',
    ]);

    return $db;
});

$capsule->addConnection([
    'driver'   => 'oracle',
    'host'     => getenv('ORACLE_HOST') ?: 'localhost',
    'database' => getenv('ORACLE_DATABASE') ?: 'xe',
    'username' => getenv('ORACLE_USER') ?: 'system',
    'password' => getenv('ORACLE_PASSWORD') ?: 'oracle',
    'port'     => getenv('ORACLE_PORT') ?: 1521,
]);

// Bootstrap Eloquent ORM
$capsule->bootEloquent();
$capsule->setEventDispatcher(new Dispatcher(new Container));
$capsule->setAsGlobal();
```

--------------------------------

### Install Laravel-OCI8 via Composer

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/installation.md

Downloads and installs the latest stable version of the Laravel-OCI8 package into the project root.

```bash
composer require yajra/laravel-oci8:"^13"
```

--------------------------------

### Verify OCI8 Extension Installation

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/installation.md

Checks if the PHP OCI8 extension is currently installed and enabled in the system environment.

```bash
php -m | grep oci8
```

--------------------------------

### Publish Configuration File

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/installation.md

Publishes the package configuration file to the application's config directory for customization.

```bash
php artisan vendor:publish --tag=oracle
```

--------------------------------

### Clone Repository and Install Dependencies (Bash)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/contributing.md

Steps to clone the Laravel-OCI8 repository and install its dependencies using Git and Composer.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/your-username/laravel-oci8.git
composer install
```

--------------------------------

### Complete User Registration Example

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/sequence.md

A comprehensive example demonstrating conditional sequence creation and usage within a registration function.

```php
function createUser(array $data): int
{
    $sequence = DB::getSequence();
    if (!$sequence->exists('users_id_seq')) {
        $sequence->create('users_id_seq', start: 1);
    }
    $id = $sequence->nextValue('users_id_seq');
    DB::table('users')->insert([
        'id' => $id,
        'email' => $data['email'],
        'password' => bcrypt($data['password']),
        'created_at' => now(),
    ]);
    return $id;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Lumen for Oracle

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/installation.md

Registers the service provider, enables facades/Eloquent, and defines the database connection for Lumen applications.

```php
// Register Service Provider (bootstrap/app.php)
$app->register(Yajra\Oci8\Oci8ServiceProvider::class);

// Enable Facades and Eloquent (bootstrap/app.php)
$app->withFacades();
$app->withEloquent();

// Define Connection (config/database.php)
'connections' => [
    'oracle' => [
        'driver' => 'oracle',
        'host' => env('DB_HOST', ''),
        'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1521'),
        'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', ''),
        'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', ''),
        'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
        'charset' => env('DB_CHARSET', 'AL32UTF8'),
        'prefix' => env('DB_PREFIX', ''),
    ],
];
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Call 'myfunc' using Shortcut (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/function.md

A specific example of using the `DB::executeFunction` shortcut to call the 'myfunc' Oracle stored function with an input parameter and specifying the return type.

```php
$result = DB::executeFunction('myfunc', ['p' => 3], PDO::PARAM_INT);

return $result; // Returns: 9
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Auto-Increment Trigger Setup - PHP

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/trigger.md

Demonstrates the practical application of the `autoIncrement` trigger method by specifying the table, column, trigger name, and sequence name for an 'users' table.

```php
$trigger->autoIncrement(
    'users',           // Table name
    'id',              // Column to auto-increment
    'users_id_trg',     // Trigger name
    'users_id_seq'     // Sequence name
);
```

--------------------------------

### Complete Blog Post Model Example (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/oracle-eloquent.md

Provides a comprehensive example of an Eloquent model for a blog post, including table name, fillable attributes, binary fields, sequence configuration, and a relationship definition.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Yajra\Oci8\Eloquent\OracleEloquent as Eloquent;

class Post extends Eloquent
{
    protected $table = 'blog_posts';

    protected $fillable = [
        'title',
        'slug',
        'content',
        'company_id',
    ];

    protected $binaries = [
        'content',
    ];

    protected $sequence = 'blog_posts_id_seq';

    public function company()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Company::class);
    }
}

```

--------------------------------

### Create Table with Custom Auto-Increment Start and No Cache (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/autoincrement.md

Shows how to customize the auto-increment behavior for a table's primary key. This example sets a custom starting value for the sequence and disables sequence caching.

```php
Schema::create('posts', function ($table) {
    // Start auto-increment at 10,000 and disable cache
    $table->increments('id')->start(10000)->nocache();
    $table->string('title');
});
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Configure Laravel OCI8

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Provides the Composer command for installation and the configuration structure required for connecting Laravel to an Oracle database via the database.php config file and .env variables.

```bash
composer require yajra/laravel-oci8:"^13"
```

```php
'connections' => [
    'oracle' => [
        'driver'         => 'oracle',
        'host'           => env('DB_HOST', ''),
        'port'           => env('DB_PORT', '1521'),
        'database'       => env('DB_DATABASE', ''),
        'service_name'   => env('DB_SERVICE_NAME', ''),
        'username'       => env('DB_USERNAME', ''),
        'password'       => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
        'charset'        => env('DB_CHARSET', 'AL32UTF8'),
        'prefix'         => env('DB_PREFIX', ''),
        'prefix_schema'  => env('DB_SCHEMA_PREFIX', ''),
    ],
],
```

```bash
DB_CONNECTION=oracle
DB_HOST=oracle.host
DB_PORT=1521
DB_DATABASE=xe
DB_SERVICE_NAME=your_service_name
DB_USERNAME=your_username
DB_PASSWORD=your_password
DB_CHARSET=AL32UTF8
```

--------------------------------

### Manage Oracle Sequences with Sequence Manager

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Demonstrates how to create, retrieve, and drop Oracle sequences. It covers custom start values, caching options, and integration with the Query Builder for manual ID assignment.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

$sequence = DB::getSequence();
$sequence->create('users_id_seq');
$sequence->create('orders_id_seq', start: 1000);
$sequence->create('audit_id_seq', start: 1, nocache: true);

$nextId = $sequence->nextValue('users_id_seq');
$currentValue = $sequence->currentValue('users_id_seq');
$lastId = $sequence->lastInsertId('users_id_seq');

if ($sequence->exists('users_id_seq')) {
    // Sequence exists
}

$sequence->drop('old_sequence');

$nextId = DB::getSequence()->nextValue('user_id_seq');
DB::table('users')->insert([
    'id' => $nextId,
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'john@example.com',
]);
```

--------------------------------

### Register OCI8 Service Provider

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/installation.md

Registers the Oci8ServiceProvider in Laravel applications. Methods vary based on the Laravel version.

```php
// Laravel 10 and below (config/app.php)
'providers' => [
    // ...
    Yajra\Oci8\Oci8ServiceProvider::class,
];
```

```php
// Laravel 11+ (bootstrap/providers.php)
Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
    ->withProviders([
        // ...
        Yajra\Oci8\Oci8ServiceProvider::class,
    ])
    ->withExceptions();
```

--------------------------------

### Run Tests (Bash)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/contributing.md

Command to execute all project tests using Composer.

```bash
composer test
```

--------------------------------

### Install Laravel-OCI8 Package

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/stand-alone.md

Add the yajra/laravel-oci8 package to your project's composer.json file to manage dependencies.

```json
{
    "require": {
        "yajra/laravel-oci8": "^13.0"
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Handle Oracle Cursors

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Shows how to retrieve result sets from Oracle SYS_REFCURSOR types. Includes examples for fetching from functions and handling output parameters in stored procedures.

```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mycursor(p1 IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR AS
    rc SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
    OPEN rc FOR SELECT city FROM locations WHERE ROWNUM < p1;
    RETURN rc;
END;
```

```php
$sql = "BEGIN sgc.pintegracaomodoffline.ListaCidade(:pTabResultado, :pCodRetorno, :pMsgRetorno); END;";

$array = DB::transaction(function ($conn) use ($sql) {
    $pdo = $conn->getPdo();
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
    $stmt->bindParam(':pTabResultado', $lista, PDO::PARAM_STMT);
    $stmt->execute();

    oci_execute($lista, OCI_DEFAULT);
    oci_fetch_all($lista, $array, 0, -1, OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_ROW + OCI_ASSOC);
    oci_free_cursor($lista);
    return $array;
});
```

--------------------------------

### Handle Procedure Parameters

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/stored-procedure.md

Examples for managing different parameter types including IN, OUT, and IN OUT. Demonstrates how to pass null for OUT parameters and use PDO constants for IN OUT bindings.

```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE double_value(p_value IN OUT NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
    p_value := p_value * 2;
END;
```

```php
$pdo = DB::getPdo();
$value = 10;
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("BEGIN double_value(:p_value); END;");
$stmt->bindParam(':p_value', $value, PDO::PARAM_INT | PDO::INPUT_OUTPUT);
$stmt->execute();
```

--------------------------------

### Check and Fix Code Style with PHP_CodeSniffer (Bash)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/contributing.md

Instructions to install PHP_CodeSniffer, check code against PSR-12 standards, and automatically fix style issues in the 'src/' directory.

```bash
# Install PHP Code Sniffer
composer require squizlabs/php_codesniffer --dev

# Check code style
./vendor/bin/phpcs --standard=PSR12 src/

# Auto-fix issues where possible
./vendor/bin/phpcbf src/
```

--------------------------------

### Configuring Sequence Creation

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/sequence.md

Advanced configuration for sequence creation, including setting a custom start value and disabling caching to ensure sequential integrity.

```php
$sequence->create('seq_name', start: 100);
$sequence->create('seq_name', $start = 1, $nocache = true);
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Drop Trigger - PHP

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/trigger.md

Provides a concrete example of using the `drop` method to remove a trigger named 'users_id_trg' from the database.

```php
$trigger->drop('users_id_trg');
```

--------------------------------

### Create Sequence - PHP

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/trigger.md

Initializes and creates a new Oracle sequence with a specified starting value. This is often a prerequisite for setting up auto-increment triggers.

```php
$sequence = DB::getSequence();
$sequence->create('posts_id_seq', $start = 1);
```

--------------------------------

### Create Feature Branch (Bash)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/contributing.md

Command to create a new Git branch for developing a specific feature.

```bash
git checkout -b feature/your-feature-name
```

--------------------------------

### Handle BLOB Data Types

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Provides methods for inserting, updating, and retrieving Binary Large Objects (BLOBs). Includes examples for simple CRUD operations and advanced transaction-based LOB handling using PDO.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

$data = DB::table('mylobs')->get();
foreach ($data as $row) {
    echo $row->blobdata;
}

$id = DB::table('mylobs')->insertLob(['name' => 'Insert Binary Test'], ['blobfield' => 'Lorem ipsum content...']);

$id = DB::table('mylobs')->whereId(1)->updateLob(['name' => 'Updated name'], ['blobfield' => 'Updated blob content']);

DB::transaction(function ($conn) {
    $pdo = $conn->getPdo();
    $sql = "INSERT INTO mylobs (id, blobdata) VALUES (mylobs_id_seq.nextval, EMPTY_BLOB()) RETURNING blobdata INTO :blob";
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
    $stmt->bindParam(':blob', $lob, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
    $stmt->execute();
    $lob->save('blob content');
});
```

--------------------------------

### Insert Record and Get Auto-Increment ID (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/autoincrement.md

Illustrates how to insert a new record into a table with an auto-incrementing ID and retrieve the newly generated ID. The second parameter to insertGetId specifies the auto-incrementing column name.

```php
$id = DB::connection('oracle')->table('users')->insertGetId(
    ['email' => 'john@example.com', 'votes' => 0],
    'userid'
);
```

--------------------------------

### Environment Variables for Oracle Connection (Bash)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/general-settings.md

This bash snippet illustrates how to configure Oracle database connection parameters using environment variables in a `.env` file. It covers essential variables like DB_CONNECTION, DB_HOST, DB_USERNAME, and DB_PASSWORD for secure and flexible configuration.

```bash
# .env
DB_CONNECTION=oracle
DB_TNS=
DB_HOST=oracle.host
DB_PORT=1521
DB_DATABASE=xe
DB_SERVICE_NAME=your_service_name
DB_USERNAME=your_username
DB_PASSWORD=your_password
DB_CHARSET=AL32UTF8
```

--------------------------------

### Manage Oracle Migrations and Sequences

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Shows how to use Laravel's Schema Builder to create tables with auto-incrementing sequences and triggers, and how to perform inserts using the Query Builder.

```php
Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->increments('id');
    $table->string('title');
    $table->timestamps();
});

$id = DB::connection('oracle')->table('users')->insertGetId(
    ['email' => 'john@example.com', 'votes' => 0],
    'userid'
);
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Database Credentials via Environment Variables

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/security.md

Demonstrates how to securely manage database credentials in Laravel by utilizing environment variables instead of hardcoding sensitive information in configuration files.

```php
// config/database.php
'connections' => [
    'oracle' => [
        'username' => env('DB_USERNAME'),
        'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD'),
    ],
],
```

--------------------------------

### Bootstrap OCI8 Stand-Alone

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Initializes the Laravel Database Capsule Manager to use the OCI8 driver outside of the full Laravel framework. This allows usage of Eloquent ORM and Query Builder in standalone scripts.

```php
use Illuminate\Database\Capsule\Manager as Capsule;
use Yajra\Oci8\Connectors\OracleConnector;
use Yajra\Oci8\Oci8Connection;

$capsule = new Capsule;
$capsule->getDatabaseManager()->extend('oracle', function ($config) {
    $connector = new OracleConnector();
    $connection = $connector->connect($config);
    return new Oci8Connection($connection, $config['database'], $config['prefix']);
});

$capsule->addConnection(['driver' => 'oracle', ...]);
$capsule->bootEloquent();
```

--------------------------------

### Query Oracle Database using Query Builder

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/support.md

Demonstrates how to execute database queries against an Oracle connection using Laravel's Query Builder facade.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

$users = DB::connection('oracle')
    ->table('users')
    ->where('active', true)
    ->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Oracle Stored Functions

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Demonstrates how to call Oracle stored functions using Query Builder, the OCI8 shortcut method, and native PDO binding. These methods allow for passing parameters and retrieving scalar return values.

```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION myfunc(p IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
    RETURN p * 3;
END;
```

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use PDO;

// Method 1: Using Query Builder
$result = DB::selectOne("SELECT myfunc(2) AS value FROM dual");

// Method 2: Using the shortcut method
$result = DB::executeFunction('myfunc', ['p' => 3], PDO::PARAM_INT);

// Method 3: Using PDO with bind parameters
$pdo = DB::getPdo();
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("BEGIN :y := myfunc(:x); END;");
$stmt->bindParam(':y', $y, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->bindParam(':x', $x, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();
```

--------------------------------

### Oracle Connection with Service Name (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/general-settings.md

This PHP configuration demonstrates how to set up an Oracle database connection using a Service Name, which is the recommended approach. It specifies the host, port, database, service name, username, and password.

```php
'oracle' => [
    'driver'      => 'oracle',
    'host'        => 'oracle.host',
    'port'        => '1521',
    'database'    => 'xe',
    'service_name' => 'your_service_name_alias',
    'username'    => 'hr',
    'password'    => 'hr',
    'charset'     => 'AL32UTF8',
    'prefix'      => '',
],
```

--------------------------------

### Limit Database User Privileges

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/security.md

Shows the SQL command to create a database user with restricted permissions, adhering to the principle of least privilege.

```sql
-- Create a user with limited privileges
CREATE USER app_user IDENTIFIED BY "strong_password";
GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO app_user;
```

--------------------------------

### Query Oracle Database with Eloquent and Query Builder

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/stand-alone.md

Demonstrates how to interact with the Oracle database using both Eloquent models and the Query Builder after setting up Capsule Manager. This includes finding records, creating new ones, and performing filtered queries.

```php
// database.php
require 'database.php';

// Define a model
class User extends Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
{
    public $timestamps = false;
    protected $fillable = ['name', 'email'];
}

// Query the database
$user = User::find(1);

if ($user) {
    echo $user->toJson();
}

// Create a new user
$user = new User();
$user->name = 'John Doe';
$user->email = 'john@example.com';
$user->save();

// Use the query builder
$users = Capsule::table('users')
    ->where('active', true)
    ->orderBy('name')
    ->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Troubleshooting Oracle Connection Issues

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/support.md

Provides diagnostic checks for common Oracle errors such as connection refusal, invalid identifiers, and character set mismatches.

```php
// Verify your Oracle credentials
// Check that the Oracle listener is running
// Ensure the host and port are correct

// This usually means the table or column doesn't exist
// Check your table names match exactly (Oracle is case-sensitive)
// Remember: Oracle auto-uppercases unquoted identifiers

// Ensure your database charset matches your connection charset
// AL32UTF8 is recommended for Unicode support
```

--------------------------------

### Oracle Connection with TNS String (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/general-settings.md

This PHP configuration shows how to establish an Oracle database connection using a TNS (Transparent Network Substrate) connection string. This method provides granular control over the connection details, including protocol, host, port, and service name.

```php
'oracle' => [
    'driver' => 'oracle',
    'tns'    => '(DESCRIPTION=
        (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=your-host)(PORT=1521))
        (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=your-service-name))
    )',
],
```

--------------------------------

### Update Dependencies

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/security.md

Provides the command to update project dependencies to their latest stable versions to ensure all security patches are applied.

```bash
composer update --prefer-stable
```

--------------------------------

### Accessing and Managing Oracle Sequences

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/sequence.md

Demonstrates how to retrieve the sequence manager and perform basic CRUD operations on sequences such as creating, dropping, and checking existence.

```php
$sequence = DB::getSequence();
$sequence->create('seq_name');
$sequence->drop('seq_name');
if ($sequence->exists('seq_name')) {
    // Sequence exists
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Oracle Connection with Capsule Manager

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/stand-alone.md

Set up a database configuration for Oracle using Laravel's Capsule Manager, extending the 'oracle' driver and defining connection parameters. This includes configuring session variables like date and time formats.

```php
// database.php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use Illuminate\Database\Capsule\Manager as Capsule;
use Yajra\Oci8\Connectors\OracleConnector;
use Yajra\Oci8\Oci8Connection;

$capsule = new Capsule;

// Extend the Oracle driver
$capsule->getDatabaseManager()->extend('oracle', function ($config) {
    $connector = new OracleConnector();
    $connection = $connector->connect($config);
    $db = new Oci8Connection($connection, $config['database'], $config['prefix']);

    // Configure Oracle session variables
    $sessionVars = [
        'NLS_TIME_FORMAT'          => 'HH24:MI:SS',
        'NLS_DATE_FORMAT'          => 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS',
        'NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT'     => 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS',
        'NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT'  => 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS TZH:TZM',
        'NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS'   => '.,',
    ];

    // Set the current schema (optional)
    if (isset($config['schema'])) {
        $sessionVars['CURRENT_SCHEMA'] = $config['schema'];
    }

    $db->setSessionVars($sessionVars);

    return $db;
});

// Add the Oracle connection
$capsule->addConnection([
    'driver'   => 'oracle',
    'host'     => 'oracle.host',
    'database' => 'xe',
    'username' => 'user',
    'password' => 'password',
    'prefix'   => '',
    'port'     => 1521,
]);
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Oracle Connection Configuration (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/general-settings.md

This snippet shows the basic structure for configuring an Oracle database connection in Laravel-OCI8's `config/oracle.php` file. It utilizes environment variables for sensitive information and common connection parameters.

```php
// config/oracle.php
return [
    'oracle' => [
        'driver'         => 'oracle',
        'tns'            => env('DB_TNS', ''),
        'host'           => env('DB_HOST', ''),
        'port'           => env('DB_PORT', '1521'),
        'database'       => env('DB_DATABASE', ''),
        'username'       => env('DB_USERNAME', ''),
        'password'       => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
        'charset'        => env('DB_CHARSET', 'AL32UTF8'),
        'prefix'         => env('DB_PREFIX', ''),
        'prefix_schema'  => env('DB_SCHEMA_PREFIX', ''),
    ],
];
```

--------------------------------

### Call Function with Multiple Parameters using Shortcut (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/function.md

Demonstrates calling the 'calculate_total' Oracle stored function using the `DB::executeFunction` shortcut. It passes multiple named input bindings for price and quantity and specifies the return type.

```php
$result = DB::executeFunction('calculate_total', [
    'p_price' => 19.99,
    'p_quantity' => 5,
], PDO::PARAM_INT);

return $result; // Returns: 99.95
```

--------------------------------

### Manage Oracle Triggers for Auto-Increment

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Shows how to automate ID generation using Oracle triggers. This allows for seamless integration with Laravel's table insertion methods.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

$trigger = DB::getTrigger();
$trigger->autoIncrement('users', 'id', 'users_id_trg', 'users_id_seq');
$trigger->drop('users_id_trg');

$sequence = DB::getSequence();
$sequence->create('posts_id_seq', start: 1);
$trigger = DB::getTrigger();
$trigger->autoIncrement('posts', 'id', 'posts_id_trg', 'posts_id_seq');

DB::connection('oracle')->table('posts')->insert([
    'title' => 'My First Post',
    'content' => 'Post content here...',
]);
```

--------------------------------

### Register Lumen Service Provider

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Registers the Yajra Oci8 service provider and enables facades and Eloquent in a Lumen application. This is typically done in the `bootstrap/app.php` file.

```php
// bootstrap/app.php

// Register the service provider
$app->register(Yajra\Oci8\Oci8ServiceProvider::class);

// Enable Facades and Eloquent
$app->withFacades();
$app->withEloquent();
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Oracle Database Connection for Lumen

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Adds a new 'oracle' connection to the `config/database.php` file for Lumen applications. This configuration uses environment variables for database credentials.

```php
// config/database.php - Add Oracle connection
'connections' => [
    'oracle' => [
        'driver'   => 'oracle',
        'host'     => env('DB_HOST', ''),
        'port'     => env('DB_PORT', '1521'),
        'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', ''),
        'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', ''),
        'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
        'charset'  => env('DB_CHARSET', 'AL32UTF8'),
        'prefix'   => env('DB_PREFIX', ''),
    ],
],
```

--------------------------------

### Enable Eloquent ORM with Capsule Manager

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/stand-alone.md

Optionally enable Eloquent ORM for object-relational mapping. This involves booting Eloquent, setting an event dispatcher, and making the Capsule instance globally available.

```php
// Enable Eloquent ORM
$capsule->bootEloquent();

// Set the event dispatcher (optional)
use Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher;
use Illuminate\Container\Container;

$dispatcher = new Dispatcher(new Container);
$capsule->setEventDispatcher($dispatcher);

// Make the Capsule available globally (optional)
$capsule->setAsGlobal();
```

--------------------------------

### Sanitize Database Input

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/security.md

Illustrates the use of Laravel's Query Builder to prevent SQL injection by leveraging parameterized queries, while advising against the use of raw SQL strings.

```php
// Safe - uses parameterized queries
DB::table('users')->where('email', $email)->first();
```

--------------------------------

### Define Oracle Eloquent Models

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Demonstrates how to extend OracleEloquent to handle Oracle-specific features like BLOB fields and custom sequence names for auto-incrementing primary keys.

```php
namespace App\Models;

use Yajra\Oci8\Eloquent\OracleEloquent as Eloquent;

class Post extends Eloquent
{
    protected $table = 'blog_posts';
    protected $binaries = ['content'];
    protected $sequence = 'blog_posts_id_seq';
}

$post = new Post();
$post->content = 'Large content stored as BLOB...';
$post->save();
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Stored Procedures from PHP

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/stored-procedure.md

Shows methods for invoking stored procedures, ranging from manual PDO binding for fine-grained control to the simplified executeProcedure helper provided by Laravel-OCI8.

```php
$pdo = DB::getPdo();
$p1 = 8;
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("BEGIN myproc(:p1, :p2); END;");
$stmt->bindParam(':p1', $p1, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->bindParam(':p2', $p2, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();
```

```php
$result = DB::executeProcedure('youpackagename.yourprocedurename', ['user_id' => $id]);
```

--------------------------------

### Error Handling for Oracle Function Calls (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/function.md

Illustrates how to implement robust error handling when calling Oracle functions from PHP using a try-catch block. This ensures that any exceptions during the function execution are caught and logged gracefully.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Exception;

try {
    $result = DB::executeFunction('myfunc', ['p' => 3]);
} catch (Exception $e) {
    Log::error('Function call failed: ' . $e->getMessage());
    throw $e;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Oracle Stored Procedures

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Covers calling stored procedures using shortcut methods or direct PDO bindings for complex parameter handling, including IN, OUT, and IN OUT parameters.

```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc(p1 IN NUMBER, p2 OUT NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
    p2 := p1 * 2;
END;
```

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use PDO;

$result = DB::executeProcedure('myproc', ['p1' => 8]);

$pdo = DB::getPdo();
$p1 = 8;
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("BEGIN myproc(:p1, :p2); END;");
$stmt->bindParam(':p1', $p1, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->bindParam(':p2', $p2, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();
echo $p2;

$value = 10;
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("BEGIN double_value(:p_value); END;");
$stmt->bindParam(':p_value', $value, PDO::PARAM_INT | PDO::INPUT_OUTPUT);
$stmt->execute();
echo $value;
```

--------------------------------

### Manual Sequence Usage with Query Builder

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/sequence.md

How to manually fetch a sequence value and use it within a Query Builder insert statement.

```php
$nextId = DB::getSequence()->nextValue('user_id_seq');
DB::table('users')->insert([
    'id' => $nextId,
    'name' => 'John Doe',
]);
```

--------------------------------

### Call Oracle Function using Query Builder (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/function.md

Demonstrates calling an Oracle stored function named 'myfunc' using Laravel's Query Builder. It selects the function's return value from the 'dual' table and retrieves the result.

```php
$result = DB::selectOne("SELECT myfunc(2) AS value FROM dual");

return $result->value; // Returns: 6
```

--------------------------------

### Create Table with Auto-Increment ID (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/autoincrement.md

Demonstrates how to create a table with an auto-incrementing primary key using Laravel's Schema Builder. This automatically sets up the necessary Oracle sequence and trigger.

```php
Schema::create('posts', function ($table) {
    $table->increments('id');
    $table->string('title');
    $table->string('slug');
    $table->text('content');
    $table->timestamps();
});
```

--------------------------------

### PHP: Fetch Cursor from Function using PDO

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/cursor.md

This PHP code shows how to fetch a cursor returned from an Oracle function by directly using PDO. It prepares and executes the SQL statement, then fetches the results as objects.

```php
$pdo = DB::getPdo();
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT mycursor(5) AS mfrc FROM dual");
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);

return $result[0]->mfrc;
```

--------------------------------

### Call Oracle Function using PDO with Bind Parameters (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/function.md

Shows how to call an Oracle stored function using PDO with bind parameters for improved performance and security. This method prepares the statement, binds input and output parameters, and executes the function.

```php
$pdo = DB::getPdo();
$x = 2;

$stmt = $pdo->prepare("BEGIN :y := myfunc(:x); END;");
$stmt->bindParam(':y', $y, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->bindParam(':x', $x, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();

return $y; // Returns: 6
```

--------------------------------

### Inserting BLOB via Transaction

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/blob.md

Shows how to perform a manual BLOB insertion using a PDO transaction. This approach provides granular control over the SQL execution and LOB binding.

```php
DB::transaction(function ($conn) {
    /** @var \Illuminate\Database\Connection $conn */
    $pdo = $conn->getPdo();
    $sql = "INSERT INTO mylobs (id, blobdata)
            VALUES (mylobs_id_seq.nextval, EMPTY_BLOB())
            RETURNING blobdata INTO :blob";
    
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
    $stmt->bindParam(':blob', $lob, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
    $stmt->execute();
    $lob->save('blob content');
});
```

--------------------------------

### Create Oracle Function with Multiple Parameters (SQL)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/function.md

SQL statement to create an Oracle stored function named 'calculate_total' that accepts two numeric parameters (price and quantity) and returns their product. This demonstrates handling functions with multiple inputs.

```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calculate_total(
    p_price IN NUMBER,
    p_quantity IN NUMBER
) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
    RETURN p_price * p_quantity;
END;
```

--------------------------------

### Using OracleEloquent for Automatic BLOB Handling

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/blob.md

Extends the OracleEloquent class to allow direct assignment of BLOB data to model attributes. This requires defining the $binaries property in the model.

```php
use Yajra\Oci8\Eloquent\OracleEloquent as Eloquent;

class Post extends Eloquent
{
    protected $binaries = ['content'];
    protected $sequence = null;
}

// Saving a record
$post = new Post();
$post->title = $request->input('title');
$post->content = $request->input('content');
$post->save();
```

--------------------------------

### Call Oracle Function using Laravel-OCI8 Shortcut (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/function.md

Utilizes the `DB::executeFunction` shortcut provided by Laravel-OCI8 to call Oracle stored functions. This method simplifies the process by accepting the function name, input bindings, and an optional return type.

```php
$result = DB::executeFunction(
    'function_name',          // Function name
    ['binding_1' => 'hi'],    // Input bindings
    PDO::PARAM_LOB            // Return type (optional)
);
```

--------------------------------

### Integrating Sequences with Eloquent Models

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/sequence.md

Configuring an Eloquent model to automatically use a specific sequence for primary key generation during record insertion.

```php
class User extends Model
{
    public $sequence = 'user_id_seq';
}

$user = new User();
$user->name = 'John Doe';
$user->save();
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Oracle Database Connection

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/support.md

Defines the structure for an Oracle database connection within the Laravel configuration file. It requires standard database credentials and service details to establish a connection.

```php
'connections' => [
    'oracle' => [
        'driver'          => 'oracle',
        'host'            => env('DB_HOST', ''),
        'port'           => env('DB_PORT', '1521'),
        'database'       => env('DB_DATABASE', ''),
        'service_name'   => env('DB_SERVICE_NAME', ''),
        'username'       => env('DB_USERNAME', ''),
        'password'       => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
        'charset'        => env('DB_CHARSET', 'AL32UTF8'),
        'prefix'         => env('DB_PREFIX', ''),
    ],
],
```

--------------------------------

### Save Post with BLOB Content (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/oracle-eloquent.md

Demonstrates saving a new post record, including setting a BLOB field directly from request input. This showcases the simplified BLOB handling in OracleEloquent.

```php
use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

Route::post('save-post', function (Request $request) {
    $post = new Post();
    $post->title = $request->input('title');
    $post->company_id = auth()->user()->company->id;
    $post->slug = Str::slug($request->input('title'));
    $post->content = $request->input('content'); // Set BLOB field directly
    $post->save();
    
    return redirect()->route('posts.show', $post->id);
});

```

--------------------------------

### Define Oracle Connection in Eloquent Models

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/support.md

Shows how to bind an Eloquent model to the Oracle connection by specifying the connection property. This can be done on individual models or a base model for global application usage.

```php
class User extends Model
{
    protected $connection = 'oracle';
    protected $table = 'users';
}

abstract class BaseModel extends Model
{
    protected $connection = 'oracle';
}
```

--------------------------------

### Set Default Database Connection

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/support.md

Updates the default database connection in the configuration file to use the Oracle driver by default.

```php
'default' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'oracle'),
```

--------------------------------

### PHP: Fetch Cursor from Function using Query Builder

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/cursor.md

This PHP code snippet demonstrates how to fetch a cursor returned from an Oracle function using Laravel's Query Builder. It calls the 'mycursor' function and retrieves the result set.

```php
$result = DB::select("SELECT mycursor(5) AS mfrc FROM dual");

return $result[0]->mfrc;
```

--------------------------------

### SQL: Create Function Returning Cursor

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/cursor.md

This SQL code defines a function that returns a SYS_REFCURSOR. This cursor is populated with data from the 'locations' table based on the input parameter 'p1'.

```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mycursor(p1 IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR AS
    rc SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
    OPEN rc FOR SELECT city FROM locations WHERE ROWNUM < p1;
    RETURN rc;
END;
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Custom Sequence for Oracle Eloquent Model (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/oracle-eloquent.md

Illustrates how to configure a custom sequence name for an Oracle Eloquent model when the default naming convention is not used. This ensures correct auto-incrementing behavior.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Yajra\Oci8\Eloquent\OracleEloquent as Eloquent;

class Article extends Eloquent
{
    // Use a custom sequence name
    protected $sequence = 'article_id_seq';
}

// Example usage:
$article = new Article();
$article->title = 'My Article';
$article->save();

echo $article->id; // Auto-populated from sequence

```

--------------------------------

### Manual Trigger Creation in Migration - PHP

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/trigger.md

Provides a PHP code snippet for a Laravel migration that manually creates an Oracle trigger using raw SQL. It includes both the `up` method to create the trigger and the `down` method to drop it.

```php
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class CreatePostsTrigger extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     */
    public function up(): void
    {
        $sql = "
            CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER posts_id_trg
            BEFORE INSERT ON posts
            FOR EACH ROW
            WHEN (NEW.id IS NULL)
            BEGIN
                SELECT posts_id_seq.NEXTVAL INTO :NEW.id FROM DUAL;
            END;
        ";

        DB::connection()->getPdo()->exec($sql);
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     */
    public function down(): void
    {
        DB::connection()->getPdo()->exec("DROP TRIGGER posts_id_trg");
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create Oracle Stored Procedure

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/stored-procedure.md

Demonstrates how to define an Oracle stored procedure using raw SQL or a Laravel migration file. The migration approach ensures database schema consistency across environments.

```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc(p1 IN NUMBER, p2 OUT NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
    p2 := p1 * 2;
END;
```

```php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class CreateMyprocProcedure extends Migration {
    public function up(): void {
        $command = "CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE myproc(p1 IN NUMBER, p2 OUT NUMBER) AS BEGIN p2 := p1 * 2; END;";
        DB::connection()->getPdo()->exec($command);
    }
    public function down(): void {
        DB::connection()->getPdo()->exec("DROP PROCEDURE myproc");
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Querying BLOB Data

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/blob.md

Demonstrates how to retrieve BLOB data from a table. Laravel-OCI8 automatically resolves the OCI-Lob object into its raw value.

```php
$data = DB::table('mylobs')->get();

foreach ($data as $row) {
    echo $row->blobdata;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Oracle Date Formats

Source: https://context7.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/llms.txt

Configures the NLS_DATE_FORMAT for the current Oracle session to ensure compatibility with PHP date handling. This can be set globally in service providers or per connection.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

// Set custom date format for the session
DB::setDateFormat('YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF3');

// In AppServiceProvider::boot()
DB::connection('oracle')->setDateFormat('YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
```

--------------------------------

### Persist Date Format in Service Provider

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/date-format.md

Ensures a consistent date format across the application by setting it within the boot method of a Laravel Service Provider.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

DB::connection('oracle')->setDateFormat('YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
```

--------------------------------

### PHP: Fetch Cursor from Stored Procedure using Transaction

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/cursor.md

This PHP code demonstrates fetching a cursor from an Oracle stored procedure using a transaction. It binds output parameters, executes the procedure, and processes the cursor using raw OCI8 functions for fine-grained control.

```php
$sql = "BEGIN
    sgc.pintegracaomodoffline.ListaCidade(:pTabResultado, :pCodRetorno, :pMsgRetorno);
END;";

return DB::transaction(function ($conn) use ($sql) {
    $pdo = $conn->getPdo();
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);

    // Bind output parameters
    $stmt->bindParam(':pTabResultado', $lista, PDO::PARAM_STMT);
    $stmt->bindParam(':pCodRetorno', $cod, PDO::PARAM_INT);
    $stmt->bindParam(':pMsgRetorno', $text, PDO::PARAM_STR, 100);

    $stmt->execute();

    // Execute the cursor
    oci_execute($lista, OCI_DEFAULT);
    oci_fetch_all($lista, $array, 0, -1, OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_ROW + OCI_ASSOC);
    oci_free_cursor($lista);

    return $array;
});
```

--------------------------------

### Registering Oracle Connection in database.php (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/general-settings.md

This PHP code snippet shows how to register the Oracle database connection within Laravel's main `config/database.php` file. It defines a connection named 'oracle' and maps its parameters to environment variables.

```php
'connections' => [
    'oracle' => [
        'driver'          => 'oracle',
        'host'            => env('DB_HOST', ''),
        'port'           => env('DB_PORT', '1521'),
        'database'       => env('DB_DATABASE', ''),
        'service_name'   => env('DB_SERVICE_NAME', ''),
        'username'       => env('DB_USERNAME', ''),
        'password'       => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
        'charset'        => env('DB_CHARSET', 'AL32UTF8'),
        'prefix'         => env('DB_PREFIX', ''),
        'prefix_schema'  => env('DB_SCHEMA_PREFIX', ''),
    ],
],
```

--------------------------------

### Inserting and Updating Records with BLOB

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/blob.md

Utilizes convenience methods insertLob and updateLob to handle BLOB fields and auto-incrementing IDs without manual transaction boilerplate.

```php
$id = DB::table('mylobs')->insertLob(
    ['name' => 'Insert Binary Test'],
    ['blobfield' => 'Lorem ipsum Minim occaecat in velit.']
);

$id = DB::table('mylobs')
    ->whereId(1)
    ->updateLob(
        ['name' => 'demo update blob'],
        ['blobfield' => 'blob content here']
    );
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Timestamp Format

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/date-format.md

Sets the timestamp format for Oracle connections, allowing for precision such as including milliseconds.

```php
DB::setDateFormat('YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF3');
```

--------------------------------

### Error Handling and Transactions

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/stored-procedure.md

Best practices for executing procedures safely by wrapping calls in try-catch blocks for error logging and using database transactions to maintain data integrity.

```php
try {
    $result = DB::executeProcedure('your_procedure', $bindings);
} catch (Exception $e) {
    Log::error('Procedure execution failed: ' . $e->getMessage());
    throw $e;
}
```

```php
DB::transaction(function () {
    DB::executeProcedure('process_order', ['order_id' => $orderId]);
});
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Oracle Date Format

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/date-format.md

Sets the session-level date format for Oracle database connections. This ensures that date values returned to PHP match the specified format string.

```php
DB::setDateFormat('MM/DD/YYYY');
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving Sequence Values

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/sequence.md

Methods for fetching the next, current, or last inserted ID from a specific Oracle sequence.

```php
$nextValue = $sequence->nextValue('seq_name');
$currentValue = $sequence->currentValue('seq_name');
$lastId = $sequence->lastInsertId('seq_name');
```

--------------------------------

### Define Oracle Eloquent Model with BLOBs and Sequences (PHP)

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/oracle-eloquent.md

Defines an Eloquent model extending OracleEloquent, specifying binary fields and sequence names for Oracle database interactions. This allows direct attribute assignment for BLOBs and custom sequence management.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Yajra\Oci8\Eloquent\OracleEloquent as Eloquent;

class Post extends Eloquent
{
    // Define which fields are binary/BLOB types
    protected $binaries = ['content'];

    // Define the sequence name for auto-incrementing
    // Defaults to {table}_{primaryKey}_seq if not set
    protected $sequence = null;
}

```

--------------------------------

### Manual Trigger Creation SQL - SQL

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/trigger.md

The raw SQL statement used within a Laravel migration to create an Oracle trigger. This trigger is designed to set the 'id' column using the 'posts_id_seq' sequence before an insert operation.

```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER posts_id_trg
BEFORE INSERT ON posts
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NEW.id IS NULL)
BEGIN
    SELECT posts_id_seq.NEXTVAL INTO :NEW.id FROM DUAL;
END;
```

--------------------------------

### Encrypt and Decrypt Sensitive Data

Source: https://github.com/yajra/laravel-oci8-docs/blob/master/security.md

Utilizes Laravel's built-in encryption and decryption helpers to protect sensitive information before storage and after retrieval.

```php
// Encrypt before storing
$user->setAttribute('ssn', encrypt($request->input('ssn')));

// Decrypt when retrieving
$ssn = decrypt($user->getAttribute('ssn'));
```
Tokens:
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