### Initial POUpdater Class Structure

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

The initial setup for the POUpdater class, including imports and the skeleton of the addLineItem method for parsing XML.

```java
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.*;
import org.openuri.easypo.*;
public class POUpdater
{
private static String addLineItem(File purchaseOrder, String itemDescription,
String perUnitOuncesString,
String itemPriceString, String itemQuantityString)
{
// Bind the incoming XML to an XMLBeans type.
PurchaseOrderDocument poDoc = null;
try
{
poDoc = PurchaseOrderDocument.Factory.parse(purchaseOrder);
} catch (XmlException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return poDoc.toString();
}
}
```

--------------------------------

### Cursor-Style Element Insertion Snippet

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

A partial example showing the basic sequence of cursor operations for inserting characters and elements.

```java
cursor.insertChars(itemDescription);
cursor.toNextToken();
cursor.beginElement("per-unit-ounces", namespaceUri);
// ... and so on for the other children...
```

--------------------------------

### Alphabetization Import Statements

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Required imports for the alphabetization logic used in the cursor example.

```java
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
```

--------------------------------

### Get namespace URI

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Retrieves the URI for the default namespace using the cursor.

```java
String namespaceUri = cursor.namespaceForPrefix("");
```

--------------------------------

### easypo.xml instance document

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Copy this XML into a file named easypo.xml and place it in the tutorials\gettingstarted\instances directory. It is an instance of the easypo schema.

```xml
<purchase-order xmlns="http://openuri.org/easypo">
<customer>
<name>Gladys Kravitz</name>
<address>Anytown, PA</address>
</customer>
<date>2003-01-07T14:16:00-05:00</date>
<line-item>
<description>Burnham's Celestial Handbook, Vol 1</description>
<per-unit-ounces>5</per-unit-ounces>
<price>21.79</price>
<quantity>2</quantity>
</line-item>
<line-item>
<description>Burnham's Celestial Handbook, Vol 2</description>
<per-unit-ounces>5</per-unit-ounces>
<price>19.89</price>
<quantity>2</quantity>
</line-item>
<shipper>
<name>ZipShip</name>
<per-ounce-rate>0.74</per-ounce-rate>
</shipper>
</purchase-order>
```

--------------------------------

### xpretty command to view easypo.xsd

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Run xpretty on the easypo schema to display it. On UNIX, this script is not available, so open the file in an editor instead.

```bash
xpretty schemas\easypo\easypo.xsd
```

--------------------------------

### Run POUpdater Class

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Command to execute the compiled POUpdater class with the required classpath and input arguments.

```bash
java -cp tutorials\gettingstarted\classes;%XMLBEANS_HOME%\lib\xbean.jar;tutorials\gettingstarted\lib\easypo.jar
POUpdater tutorials\gettingstarted\instances\easypo.xml "a new item" 5.0 20.00 6
```

--------------------------------

### Populate element with description

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Begins a description element within the current cursor position.

```java
cursor.beginElement("description", namespaceUri);
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize addLineItemWithCursor method

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Initializes the method to parse a purchase order document into generated types.

```java
private static String addLineItemWithCursor(File purchaseOrder, String itemDescription,
String perUnitOunces, String itemPrice, String itemQuantity)
{
PurchaseOrderDocument poDoc = null;
try
{
poDoc = PurchaseOrderDocument.Factory.parse(purchaseOrder);
} catch (XmlException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
PurchaseOrderDocument.PurchaseOrder po = poDoc.getPurchaseOrder();
}
```

--------------------------------

### scomp command to compile easypo schema

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Compile the easypo schema into easypo.jar using scomp. The command is available on Windows and UNIX. The output JAR is placed in the tutorials\gettingstarted\lib directory.

```bash
scomp -out tutorials\gettingstarted\lib\easypo.jar schemas\easypo\easypo.xsd
```

--------------------------------

### Compile POUpdater Class

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Command to compile the POUpdater Java class using the XMLBeans library and the generated easypo.jar.

```bash
javac -classpath %XMLBEANS_HOME%\lib\xbean.jar;tutorials\gettingstarted\lib\easypo.jar
-d tutorials\gettingstarted\classes tutorials\gettingstarted\src\POUpdater.java
```

--------------------------------

### Create XmlCursor

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Creates a cursor at the beginning of the XML represented by the PurchaseOrder object.

```java
XmlCursor cursor = po.newCursor();
```

--------------------------------

### Full POUpdater Class Implementation

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

The complete POUpdater class including a main method to execute the addLineItem logic.

```java
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.*;
import org.apache.easypo.*;
public class POUpdater
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
File poXmlFile = new File(args[0]);
String updatedPoXml = addLineItem(poXmlFile, args[1], args[2],
args[3], args[4]);
System.out.println(updatedPoXml);
}
private static String addLineItem(File purchaseOrder, String itemDescription,
String perUnitOuncesString,
String itemPriceString, String itemQuantityString)
{
```

--------------------------------

### Reassign cursor and begin element

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Reassigns the cursor to a specific line item and begins a new line-item element.

```java
cursor = lineItem.newCursor();
cursor.beginElement("line-item", namespaceUri);
```

--------------------------------

### Expected XML Output Snippet

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

The expected XML structure added to the document after running the POUpdater class.

```xml
<line-item>
<description>Backyard Astronomer's Guide, The</description>
<per-unit-ounces>5.0</per-unit-ounces>
<price>49.95</price>
<quantity>2</quantity>
</line-item>
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate RuleBasedCollator

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Instantiates a RuleBasedCollator to compare strings for alphabetical ordering.

```java
RuleBasedCollator collator =
(RuleBasedCollator)Collator.getInstance(new Locale("en", "US", ""));
```

--------------------------------

### Updated Main Method

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

The main method updated to invoke the addLineItemWithCursor function.

```java
public static void main(String[] args)
{
File poXmlFile = new File(args[0]);
// String updatedPoXml = addLineItem(poXmlFile, args[1], args[2],
// args[3], args[4]);
String updatedPoXml = addLineItemWithCursor(poXmlFile, args[1], args[2],
args[3], args[4]);
System.out.println(updatedPoXml);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Convenience method addNewCustomer

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Adds a new customer element to the purchase-order element and returns a Customer instance for updating its contents.

```java
public abstract org.openuri.easypo.Customer addNewCustomer()
```

--------------------------------

### Full addLineItemWithCursor Method

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

The complete implementation of the addLineItemWithCursor method, which parses a purchase order, compares descriptions using a RuleBasedCollator, and inserts a new line-item element.

```java
private static String addLineItemWithCursor(File purchaseOrder, String itemDescription,
String perUnitOunces, String itemPrice, String itemQuantity)
{
PurchaseOrderDocument poDoc = null;
try
{
poDoc = PurchaseOrderDocument.Factory.parse(purchaseOrder);
} catch (XmlException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
PurchaseOrderDocument.PurchaseOrder po = poDoc.getPurchaseOrder();
// Set up the collator for alphabetizing.
RuleBasedCollator collator =
(RuleBasedCollator)Collator.getInstance(new Locale("en", "US", ""));
XmlCursor cursor = po.newCursor();
// Get the document's URI so you can use it to insert.
String namespaceUri = cursor.namespaceForPrefix("");
// Get the array of <line-item> elements.
LineItem[] lineItems = po.getLineItemArray();
// Loop through the element array to discover where to insert the new one.
for (int i = 0; i < lineItems.length; i++)
{
LineItem lineItem = lineItems[i];
// Find out if the new line item's description belongs before the
// current line item's.
int comparison = collator.compare(itemDescription, lineItem.getDescription());
// If the comparison returns -1, then insert the new line item (and
// its children) before the current one.
if (comparison < 0)
{
cursor = lineItem.newCursor();
// Begin the new <line-item> element.
cursor.beginElement("line-item", namespaceUri);
// Begin the new <description> element and insert its text value.
cursor.beginElement("description", namespaceUri);
cursor.insertChars(itemDescription);
// Move on and do the same for the other elements.
cursor.toNextToken();
cursor.beginElement("per-unit-ounces", namespaceUri);
cursor.insertChars(perUnitOunces);
cursor.toNextToken();
cursor.beginElement("prices", namespaceUri);
cursor.insertChars(itemPrice);
cursor.toNextToken();
cursor.beginElement("quantity", namespaceUri);
cursor.insertChars(itemQuantity);
break;
}
}
// Speed the cursor's garbage collection and return the updated XML.
cursor.dispose();
return poDoc.toString();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Parse and Update XML with PurchaseOrderDocument

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

This code demonstrates how to parse an XML document into a generated PurchaseOrderDocument type, add a new line item, and return the updated XML string.

```java
PurchaseOrderDocument poDoc = null;
try
{
// Bind the incoming XML to an XMLBeans type.
poDoc = PurchaseOrderDocument.Factory.parse(purchaseOrder);
} catch (XmlException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Convert incoming data to types that can be used in accessors.
BigDecimal perUnitOunces = new BigDecimal(perUnitOuncesString);
BigDecimal itemPrice = new BigDecimal(itemPriceString);
BigInteger itemQuantity = new BigInteger(itemQuantityString);
// Add the new <line-item> element.
LineItem newItem = poDoc.getPurchaseOrder().addNewLineItem();
newItem.setDescription(itemDescription);
newItem.setPerUnitOunces(perUnitOunces);
newItem.setPrice(itemPrice);
newItem.setQuantity(itemQuantity);
return poDoc.toString();
}
}
```

--------------------------------

### easypo.xsd schema content

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

The easypo schema defines a purchase-order XML structure with customer, date, line-item, and shipper elements. It is the schema used throughout the tutorial.

```xml
<xs:schema
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:po="http://openuri.org/easypo"
targetNamespace="http://openuri.org/easypo"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="purchase-order">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="customer" type="po:customer"/>
<xs:element name="date" type="xs:dateTime"/>
<xs:element name="line-item" type="po:line-item" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xs:element name="shipper" type="po:shipper" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:complexType name="customer">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="address" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="age" type="xs:int"/>
<xs:attribute name="moo" type="xs:int" default="100"/>
<xs:attribute name="poo" type="xs:int" fixed="200"/>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name="line-item">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="description" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="per-unit-ounces" type="xs:decimal"/>
<xs:element name="price" type="xs:decimal"/>
<xs:element name="quantity" type="xs:integer"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name="shipper">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="per-ounce-rate" type="xs:decimal"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
```

--------------------------------

### Java accessors for customer element

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Accessors for the customer element, which is of a user-defined schema type. The getCustomer method returns a Customer instance that can be updated to modify the element's content.

```java
public abstract org.openuri.easypo.Customer getCustomer()
public abstract void setCustomer( org.openuri.easypo.Customer )
```

--------------------------------

### Adding a New LineItem Element

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Code to convert raw input data into appropriate types and add a new line item to the purchase order document.

```java
BigDecimal perUnitOunces = new BigDecimal(perUnitOuncesString);
BigDecimal itemPrice = new BigDecimal(itemPriceString);
BigInteger itemQuantity = new BigInteger(itemQuantityString);
LineItem newItem = poDoc.getPurchaseOrder().addNewLineItem();
newItem.setDescription(itemDescription);
newItem.setPerUnitOunces(perUnitOunces);
newItem.setPrice(itemPrice);
newItem.setQuantity(itemQuantity);
```

--------------------------------

### Optional element check and removal methods for shipper

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Methods to check if the optional shipper element is present and to remove it. The shipper element is optional because its minOccurs is 0.

```java
public boolean isSetShipper ( )
public abstract void unsetShipper ( )
```

--------------------------------

### Schema definition of purchase-order element

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Defines the global purchase-order element with a local complex type containing a sequence of child elements: customer, date, line-item, and shipper. The date element uses the built-in xs:dateTime type, while the others are complex types defined elsewhere in the schema.

```xml
<xs:element name="purchase-order">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="customer" type="po:customer"/>
<xs:element name="date" type="xs:dateTime"/>
<xs:element name="line-item" type="po:line-item" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xs:element name="shipper" type="po:shipper" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
```

--------------------------------

### Java accessors for date element using Calendar

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Convenience accessors for the date element, returning and accepting java.util.Calendar. These are generated for built-in schema types like xs:dateTime.

```java
public abstract java.util.Calendar getDate()
public abstract void setDate ( java.util.Calendar )
```

--------------------------------

### Java accessors for date element using XmlDateTime

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

Alternative accessors for the date element using org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlDateTime, which allows conversion to Calendar, Date, and GDate.

```java
public abstract org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlDateTime xgetDate()
public abstract void xsetDate( org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlDateTime )
```

--------------------------------

### Generated Java Methods for Unbounded Elements

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

These methods are generated by the XMLBeans schema compiler to handle elements with maxOccurs="unbounded", providing array-based access and manipulation.

```java
// Get or set the whole array.
public abstract org.openuri.easypo.LineItem[] getLineItemArray ( )
public abstract void setLineItemArray ( org.openuri.easypo.LineItem[] )
// Get or set a single item.
public abstract org.openuri.easypo.LineItem getLineItemArray ( int )
public abstract void setLineItemArray( int, org.openuri.easypo.LineItem )
// Add or remove an item.
public abstract org.openuri.easypo.LineItem insertNewLineItem( int )
public abstract void removeLineItem( int )
// Get the array's size (without having to get the array, then call .length).
public abstract int sizeOfLineItemArray()
```

--------------------------------

### SchemaType Field Access

Source: https://xmlbeans.apache.org/documentation/tutorial_getstarted.html

The schema compiler generates a static field for accessing the underlying SchemaType instance.

```java
public static final org.apache.xmlbeans.SchemaType type
```

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