AlmaLinux Wiki

https://wiki.almalinux.org/
Admin
AlmaLinux Wiki provides comprehensive documentation for AlmaLinux, an open-source enterprise Linux...
Tokens:132,187
Snippets:2,116
Trust Score:10
Update:1 month ago
Show doc for...
Tokens:
Raw
### Install and Start MariaDB

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/LAMP-server.html

Installs the MariaDB server package and enables it to start on system boot.

```bash
sudo dnf install -y MariaDB-server
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl start mariadb
```

--------------------------------

### Download Installation ISO

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/release-notes/10.1-beta.html

Example command to download the boot ISO image.

```bash
$ wget https://vault.almalinux.org/10.1-beta/isos/x86_64/AlmaLinux-10.1-beta-1-x86_64-boot.iso
```

--------------------------------

### Download Installation ISO

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/release-notes/10.2-beta.html

Example command to download the bootable ISO image.

```bash
$ wget https://repo.almalinux.org/almalinux/10.2-beta/isos/x86_64/AlmaLinux-10.2-beta-1-x86_64-boot.iso
```

--------------------------------

### Nginx Installation Output

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/nginx/NginxSeriesA02R8.html

Example output showing the successful installation of Nginx via dnf.

```text
nginx stable repo                                                                                24 kB/s | 2.9 kB     00:00
nginx mainline repo                                                                              39 kB/s | 2.9 kB     00:00
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================================
 Package                 Architecture             Version                                Repository                        Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                   x86_64                   1:1.23.3-1.el8.ngx                     nginx-mainline                   834 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 834 k
Installed size: 2.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
nginx-1.23.3-1.el8.ngx.x86_64.rpm                                                               2.9 MB/s | 834 kB     00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                           2.9 MB/s | 834 kB     00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                        1/1
  Running scriptlet: nginx-1:1.23.3-1.el8.ngx.x86_64                                                                        1/1
  Installing       : nginx-1:1.23.3-1.el8.ngx.x86_64                                                                        1/1
  Running scriptlet: nginx-1:1.23.3-1.el8.ngx.x86_64                                                                        1/1
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for using nginx!

Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* https://nginx.org/en/docs/

Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get
the most important news about nginx:
* https://nginx.org/en/enterprise.html

Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* https://nginx.com/products/

----------------------------------------------------------------------

  Verifying        : nginx-1:1.23.3-1.el8.ngx.x86_64                                                                        1/1

Installed:
  nginx-1:1.23.3-1.el8.ngx.x86_64

Complete!
```

--------------------------------

### Download Installation ISO

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/release-notes/9.6-beta.html

Example command to download the boot ISO image for AlmaLinux 9.6 Beta.

```bash
$ wget https://vault.almalinux.org/9.6-beta/isos/x86_64/AlmaLinux-9.6-beta-1-x86_64-boot.iso
```

--------------------------------

### Nginx Installation Output

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/nginx/NginxSeriesA02R91.html

Example terminal output showing the successful installation of Nginx and its dependencies.

```text
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:47 ago on Fri 14 Apr 2023 02:57:10 AM CEST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================
 Package                          Architecture      Version                          Repository            Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                            x86_64            1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma             appstream             38 k
Installing dependencies:
 almalinux-logos-httpd            noarch            90.5.1-1.1.el9                   appstream             18 k
 nginx-core                       x86_64            1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma             appstream            567 k
 nginx-filesystem                 noarch            1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma             appstream             11 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================
Install  4 Packages

Total download size: 634 k
Installed size: 1.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): almalinux-logos-httpd-90.5.1-1.1.el9.noarch.rpm                          9.9 kB/s |  18 kB     00:01
(2/4): nginx-1.20.1-13.el9.alma.x86_64.rpm                                       21 kB/s |  38 kB     00:01
(3/4): nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-13.el9.alma.noarch.rpm                           243 kB/s |  11 kB     00:00
(4/4): nginx-core-1.20.1-13.el9.alma.x86_64.rpm                                 294 kB/s | 567 kB     00:01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                           216 kB/s | 634 kB     00:02
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                        1/1
  Running scriptlet: nginx-filesystem-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma                                           1/4
  Installing       : nginx-filesystem-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma                                           1/4
  Installing       : nginx-core-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma                                                 2/4
  Installing       : almalinux-logos-httpd-90.5.1-1.1.el9.noarch                                            3/4
  Installing       : nginx-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma                                                      4/4
  Running scriptlet: nginx-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma                                                      4/4
  Verifying        : almalinux-logos-httpd-90.5.1-1.1.el9.noarch                                            1/4
  Verifying        : nginx-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma                                                      2/4
  Verifying        : nginx-core-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma                                                 3/4
  Verifying        : nginx-filesystem-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma                                           4/4

Installed:
  almalinux-logos-httpd-90.5.1-1.1.el9.noarch            nginx-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma.x86_64
  nginx-core-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma.x86_64                 nginx-filesystem-1:1.20.1-13.el9.alma.noarch

Complete!
```

--------------------------------

### Setup rpmbuild directory structure

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/package-building-guide.html

Installs rpmdevtools and initializes the standard rpmbuild directory tree.

```bash
dnf install -y rpmdevtools
```

```bash
rpmdev-setuptree
```

--------------------------------

### Nginx installation output

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/nginx/NginxSeriesA02R91.html

Example terminal output showing a successful Nginx installation.

```text
nginx mainline repo                                                                                                                                      30 kB/s |  22 kB     00:00
Dependencies resolved.
========================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                               Architecture                           Version                                              Repository                                      Size
========================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                                 x86_64                                 1:1.23.4-1.el9.ngx                                   nginx-mainline                                 868 k

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 868 k
Installed size: 3.0 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
nginx-1.23.4-1.el9.ngx.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                        67 kB/s | 868 kB     00:12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                    67 kB/s | 868 kB     00:12
nginx mainline repo                                                                                                                                     5.9 kB/s | 1.5 kB     00:00
Importing GPG key 0x7BD9BF62:
 Userid     : "nginx signing key <signing-key@nginx.com>"
 Fingerprint: 573B FD6B 3D8F BC64 1079 A6AB ABF5 BD82 7BD9 BF62
 From       : https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                                1/1
  Running scriptlet: nginx-1:1.23.4-1.el9.ngx.x86_64                                                                                                                                1/1
  Installing       : nginx-1:1.23.4-1.el9.ngx.x86_64                                                                                                                                1/1
  Running scriptlet: nginx-1:1.23.4-1.el9.ngx.x86_64                                                                                                                                1/1
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for using nginx!

Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* https://nginx.org/en/docs/

Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get
the most important news about nginx:
* https://nginx.org/en/enterprise.html

Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* https://nginx.com/products/

----------------------------------------------------------------------

  Verifying        : nginx-1:1.23.4-1.el9.ngx.x86_64                                                                                                                                1/1

Installed:
  nginx-1:1.23.4-1.el9.ngx.x86_64

Complete!
```

--------------------------------

### Example output of EL8 packages

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-testing-guide.html

Sample output showing packages remaining from the previous EL8 installation.

```text
kernel-modules-4.18.0-553.54.1.el8_10.x86_64
leapp-0.19.0-3.el8.noarch
leapp-data-almalinux-0.9-1.el8.20250505.noarch
python3-leapp-0.19.0-3.el8.noarch
leapp-upgrade-el8toel9-0.22.0-3.el8.elevate.1.noarch
kernel-core-4.18.0-553.54.1.el8_10.x86_64
kernel-4.18.0-553.54.1.el8_10.x86_64
```

--------------------------------

### Start AlmaLinux OS via WSL Command

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/wsl

Launches a specific installed AlmaLinux distribution from the command line. Replace 'AlmaLinux-10' with the distribution you wish to start.

```bash
wsl -d AlmaLinux-10

```

--------------------------------

### Install Project Dependencies

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/sbom-guide.html

Installs the project's dependencies, including immudb-wrapper, from the setup configuration.

```bash
pip install .

```

--------------------------------

### Setup Basic Authentication

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/nginx/NginxSeriesA04P1.html

Install htpasswd tools, create a password file, and configure Nginx to require authentication.

```bash
sudo dnf install httpd-tools
```

```bash
sudo htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd myuser
```

```nginx
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com;
    index index.html;

    auth_basic "Restricted Access";
    auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example Output of EL8 Packages

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-offline-guide.html

Displays a list of packages remaining from the previous AlmaLinux 8 installation.

```text
kernel-modules-4.18.0-553.54.1.el8_10.x86_64
leapp-0.19.0-3.el8.noarch
leapp-data-almalinux-0.9-1.el8.20250505.noarch
elevate-release-1.0-2.el8.noarch
python3-leapp-0.19.0-3.el8.noarch
leapp-upgrade-el8toel9-0.22.0-3.el8.elevate.1.noarch
kernel-core-4.18.0-553.54.1.el8_10.x86_64
kernel-4.18.0-553.54.1.el8_10.x86_64
```

--------------------------------

### Nginx Installation Output

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/nginx/NginxSeriesA02R8.html

Example terminal output showing the resolution of dependencies during the Nginx installation process.

```text
Last metadata expiration check: 8:40:11 ago on Thu 13 Apr 2023 09:34:17 PM EDT.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================================
 Package                            Architecture  Version                                                Repository        Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                              x86_64        1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.3.0+2165+af250afe.alma           appstream        568 k
Installing dependencies:
 gd                                 x86_64        2.2.5-7.el8                                            appstream        143 k
 jbigkit-libs                       x86_64        2.1-14.el8                                             appstream         54 k
 libXpm                             x86_64        3.5.12-9.el8_7                                         appstream         57 k
 libjpeg-turbo                      x86_64        1.5.3-12.el8                                           appstream        156 k
 libtiff                            x86_64        4.0.9-26.el8_7                                         appstream        188 k
 libwebp                            x86_64        1.0.0-5.el8                                            appstream        271 k
 nginx-all-modules                  noarch        1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.3.0+2165+af250afe.alma           appstream         23 k
 nginx-filesystem                   noarch        1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.3.0+2165+af250afe.alma           appstream         23 k
 nginx-mod-http-image-filter        x86_64        1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.3.0+2165+af250afe.alma           appstream         34 k
 nginx-mod-http-perl                x86_64        1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.3.0+2165+af250afe.alma           appstream         44 k
 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter         x86_64        1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.3.0+2165+af250afe.alma           appstream         32 k
 nginx-mod-mail                     x86_64        1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.3.0+2165+af250afe.alma           appstream         63 k
 nginx-mod-stream                   x86_64        1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.3.0+2165+af250afe.alma           appstream         84 k
 perl-Carp                          noarch        1.42-396.el8                                           baseos            30 k
 perl-Data-Dumper                   x86_64        2.167-399.el8                                          baseos            58 k
 perl-Digest                        noarch        1.17-395.el8                                           appstream         27 k
 perl-Digest-MD5                    x86_64        2.55-396.el8                                           appstream         37 k
 perl-Encode                        x86_64        4:2.97-3.el8                                           baseos           1.5 M
 perl-Errno                         x86_64        1.28-421.el8                                           baseos            75 k
```

--------------------------------

### Launch x86_64_v2 AlmaLinux OS Kitten

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/development/almalinux-os-kitten-10

Starts the installed x86_64_v2 AlmaLinux OS Kitten distribution.

```bash
wsl -d AlmaLinux-Kitten-10-x64_v2
```

--------------------------------

### Install x86_64_v2 image from file

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/development/almalinux-os-kitten-10

Installs a downloaded .wsl image file for the x86_64_v2 architecture.

```bash
wsl --install --from-file AlmaLinux-Kitten-10_x64_v2_<version>.wsl
```

--------------------------------

### Get Information on Server with GUI Package Group

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/after-installation-guide

View the list of packages included in the 'Server with GUI' group before installation.

```bash
dnf group info "Server with GUI"

```

--------------------------------

### Start Installed AlmaLinux Distribution

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/wsl

Launch your installed AlmaLinux distribution using its specific name. This can be done via Windows Terminal or the command line.

```bash
wsl -d AlmaLinux-10-x64_v2

```

--------------------------------

### Enable and Start Apache

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/LAMP-server.html

Configures Apache to start automatically on boot and initiates the service.

```bash
sudo systemctl enable httpd
sudo systemctl start httpd
```

--------------------------------

### Launch AlmaLinux OS Kitten 10

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/development/almalinux-os-kitten-10

Starts an instance of the installed AlmaLinux OS Kitten 10 distribution.

```bash
wsl -d AlmaLinux-Kitten-10
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Enable PHP-FPM

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/LAMP-server.html

Commands to add the Remi repository, enable the PHP 8.3 module, and start the PHP-FPM service.

```bash
sudo dnf install -y https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
```

```bash
sudo dnf module enable php:remi-8.3 -y
```

```bash
sudo dnf install php-fpm
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
sudo systemctl start php-fpm
```

--------------------------------

### Install mock and rpm-build

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/package-building-guide.html

Installs the essential tools required for building RPM packages.

```bash
sudo dnf install -y mock rpm-build
```

--------------------------------

### Build and install almalinux-git-utils

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/package-building-guide.html

Commands to build and install the AlmaLinux git utilities from source.

```bash
python3 setup.py build
```

```bash
pip3 install .
```

--------------------------------

### Install Upgrade Tools

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevating-CentOS6-to-CentOS7.html

Installs the elevate-release package and the necessary migration tools.

```bash
yum install https://repo.almalinux.org/elevate/elevate-release-latest-el6.noarch.rpm
```

```bash
yum install redhat-upgrade-tool preupgrade-assistant-contents
```

--------------------------------

### Install Sound and Video Group

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA05.html

Installs the comprehensive sound-and-video package group.

```bash
sudo dnf -y group install sound-and-video
```

--------------------------------

### Install ELevate migration packages

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-offline-guide.html

Install the necessary Leapp packages and migration data from a private mirror.

```bash
sudo yum install -y leapp-upgrade leapp-data-almalinux
```

```bash
sudo yum install -y leapp-upgrade leapp-data-almalinux-kitten
```

--------------------------------

### Launch VM with Cloud-init ISO (< 3.0.0)

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/cloud/Generic-cloud-on-local

Starts a VM by mounting a Cloud-init data ISO as a CD-ROM.

```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash

vm_name='wiki-almalinux92'
vm_memory='2048'
vm_cpus='2'
vm_disk='/var/lib/libvirt/images/wiki_example_almalinux92_snapshot.qcow2'

ci_dataiso='/var/lib/libvirt/images/ci_data.iso'

virt-install \
     --connect qemu:///system \
     --name "$vm_name" \
     --memory "$vm_memory" \
     --machine q35 \
     --vcpus $vm_cpus \
     --cpu host-passthrough \
     --import \
     --osinfo name=almalinux9 \
     --disk "$vm_disk" \
     --disk "$ci_dataiso",device=cdrom \
     --virt-type kvm
```

--------------------------------

### Launch VM with virt-install (>= 3.0.0)

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/cloud/Generic-cloud-on-local

Starts a VM using the --cloud-init option for direct configuration injection.

```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash


vm_name='wiki-example-almalinux92'
vm_memory='2048'
vm_cpus='2'
vm_disk='/var/lib/libvirt/images/wiki_example_almalinux92_snapshot.qcow2'

ci_user_data='ci_user_data_ssh_auth_pass_pubkey'


virt-install \
    --connect qemu:///system \
    --name "$vm_name" \
    --memory "$vm_memory" \
    --machine q35 \
    --vcpus "$vm_cpus" \
    --cpu host-passthrough \
    --import \
    --cloud-init user-data="$ci_user_data" \
    --osinfo name=almalinux8 \
    --disk "$vm_disk" \
    --virt-type kvm
```

--------------------------------

### Example package list output

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-testing-guide.html

Sample output showing packages remaining from the previous OS version.

```text
kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-570.18.1.el9_6.x86_64
kernel-core-5.14.0-570.18.1.el9_6.x86_64
kernel-modules-5.14.0-570.18.1.el9_6.x86_64
kernel-5.14.0-570.18.1.el9_6.x86_64
python3-leapp-0.19.0-2.el9.noarch
leapp-0.19.0-2.el9.noarch
leapp-upgrade-el9toel10-0.22.0-3.el9.elevate.1.noarch
leapp-data-almalinux-0.9-3.el9.20250505.noarch
vtable-dumper-1.2-12.el9.x86_64
abi-dumper-1.2-12.el9.noarch
iptables-legacy-libs-1.8.10-11.1.el9.x86_64
```

--------------------------------

### Example output of remaining packages

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-offline-guide.html

Sample list of packages remaining after an upgrade.

```text
kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-570.18.1.el9_6.x86_64
kernel-core-5.14.0-570.18.1.el9_6.x86_64
kernel-modules-5.14.0-570.18.1.el9_6.x86_64
kernel-5.14.0-570.18.1.el9_6.x86_64
elevate-release-1.0-2.el9.noarch
python3-leapp-0.19.0-2.el9.noarch
leapp-0.19.0-2.el9.noarch
leapp-upgrade-el9toel10-0.22.0-3.el9.elevate.1.noarch
leapp-data-almalinux-0.9-3.el9.20250505.noarch
vtable-dumper-1.2-12.el9.x86_64
abi-dumper-1.2-12.el9.noarch
iptables-legacy-libs-1.8.10-11.1.el9.x86_64
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare Driver Installer

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA03R9

Navigate to the driver directory and set the execution permissions for the .run file.

```bash
cd /path/to/driver
```

```bash
sudo chmod +x NVIDIA-LINUX-x86_64-XXX.XXX.XX.run
```

--------------------------------

### Mock build process output

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/package-building-guide.html

Example log output showing the initialization and dependency resolution phases of a mock build.

```text
INFO: mock.py version 2.12 starting (python version = 3.6.8, NVR = mock-2.12-1.el8)...
Start(bootstrap): init plugins
...
Finish(bootstrap): chroot init
Start: chroot init

...

Start: dnf update
...
AlmaLinux 8 - AppStream                                                     2.2 MB/s | 8.0 MB     00:03
AlmaLinux 8 - PowerTools                                                    6.9 kB/s | 4.7 kB     00:00
AlmaLinux 8 - PowerTools                                                    866 kB/s | 2.4 MB     00:02
AlmaLinux 8 - Extras                                                        5.2 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00
AlmaLinux 8 - Extras                                                        7.3 kB/s |  12 kB     00:01
Dependencies resolved.
============================================================================================================
 Package                            Architecture  Version                            Repository        Size
============================================================================================================
Upgrading:
 almalinux-release                  x86_64        8.5-3.el8                          baseos            24 k
 annobin                            x86_64        9.72-1.el8_5.2                     appstream        110 k
 bash                               x86_64        4.4.20-2.el8                       baseos           1.5 M
 ...                      baseos           1.2 M
 sqlite-libs                        x86_64        3.26.0-15.el8                      baseos           580 k
 systemd-libs                       x86_64        239-51.el8                         baseos           1.1 M
 tpm2-tss                           x86_64        2.3.2-4.el8                        baseos           274 k
 util-linux                         x86_64        2.32.1-28.el8                      baseos           2.5 M
 which                              x86_64        2.21-16.el8                        baseos            48 k

Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================
Upgrade  74 Packages
```

--------------------------------

### Set up public_html directory

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/sigs/infrastructure/almapeople.html

Create and configure the directory used to serve web content.

```bash
mkdir ~/public_html
chmod 755 ~/public_html
```

--------------------------------

### Download AlmaLinux 9.5 Beta ISO

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/release-notes/9.5-beta.html

Example command to download the boot ISO image.

```bash
$ wget https://vault.almalinux.org/9.5-beta/isos/x86_64/AlmaLinux-9.5-beta-1-x86_64-boot.iso
```

--------------------------------

### Copy Sample Configuration

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/development/building-almalinux-iso-locally.html

Create a custom inventory directory by copying the default sample configuration.

```bash
cp -r sample almalinux
```

--------------------------------

### Configure GRUB Console Settings

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-NG-testing-guide.html

Example settings for /etc/default/grub to ensure a working main console before rebooting.

```bash
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty0"
```

--------------------------------

### Get Information on Workstation Package Group

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/after-installation-guide

View the list of packages included in the 'Workstation' group before installation.

```bash
dnf group info "Workstation"

```

--------------------------------

### Run development container

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/Contribute-to-Documentation

Launch the wiki development container with volume mounting for live documentation editing.

```bash
podman run --name wiki_dev --rm -i -t -p 8080:8080 -v "$(pwd)":/wiki:ro,z localhost/wiki_dev
```

--------------------------------

### Example output of legacy packages

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-offline-guide.html

Sample output showing packages that may need to be removed or upgraded.

```text
elevate-release-1.0-2.el7.noarch
leapp-data-almalinux-0.5-1.el7.20241127.noarch
leapp-0.18.0-2.el7.noarch
kernel-3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7.x86_64
python2-leapp-0.18.0-2.el7.noarch
leapp-upgrade-el7toel8-0.21.0-5.el7.elevate.4.noarch
kernel-3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
```

--------------------------------

### Start Nginx Service

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/nginx/NginxSeriesA01.html

Initializes the Nginx service.

```bash
sudo systemctl start nginx
```

--------------------------------

### AlmaLinux 9.1 Raspberry Pi Boot Log

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/raspberry-pi

This is a snippet of the boot log from an AlmaLinux 9.1 installation on a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+. It shows the kernel version, machine model, memory configuration, and initial system setup messages.

```log
[    0.000000] Linux version 6.1.23-v8.1.el9 (mockbuild@2bfe3a8b75a540939bf2bf4aa27f3116) (gcc (GCC) 11.3.1 20220421 (Red Hat 11.3.1-2), GNU ld version 2.35.2-24.el9) #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Apr 25 17:13:15 UTC 2023
[    0.000000] Machine model: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
[    0.000000] efi: UEFI not found.
[    0.000000] Reserved memory: created CMA memory pool at 0x0000000038000000, size 64 MiB
[    0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node linux,cma, compatible id shared-dma-pool
[    0.000000] Zone ranges:
[    0.000000]   DMA      [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000003bffffff]
[    0.000000]   DMA32    empty
[    0.000000]   Normal   empty
[    0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[    0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000003bffffff]
[    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000003bffffff]
[    0.000000] On node 0, zone DMA: 16384 pages in unavailable ranges
[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 29 pages/cpu s78440 r8192 d32152 u118784
[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s78440 r8192 d32152 u118784 alloc=29*4096
[    0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 [0] 2 [0] 3
[    0.000000] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU0
[    0.000000] CPU features: detected: ARM erratum 843419
[    0.000000] CPU features: detected: ARM erratum 845719
[    0.000000] alternatives: applying boot alternatives
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 241920
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: rw earlyprintk loglevel=8 console=ttyAMA0,115200 dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootdelay=1
[    0.000000] Unknown kernel command line parameters "earlyprintk", will be passed to user space.
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[    0.000000] Memory: 873764K/983040K available (11904K kernel code, 2110K rwdata, 3680K rodata, 4160K init, 1098K bss, 43740K reserved, 65536K cma-reserved)
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] ftrace: allocating 38901 entries in 152 pages
[    0.000000] ftrace: allocated 152 pages with 3 groups
[    0.000000] trace event string verifier disabled
[    0.000000] rcu: Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000] rcu: 	RCU event tracing is enabled.
[    0.000000] rcu: 	RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=256 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
[    0.000000] 	Trampoline variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.000000] 	Rude variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.000000] 	Tracing variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
[    0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
[    0.000000] Root IRQ handler: bcm2836_arm_irqchip_handle_irq
[    0.000000] rcu: srcu_init: Setting srcu_struct sizes based on contention.
[    0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 62.50MHz (phys).
[    0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0x1ffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1cd42e208c, max_idle_ns: 881590405314 ns
[    0.000095] sched_clock: 57 bits at 63MHz, resolution 16ns, wraps every 4398046511096ns
[    0.011254] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[    0.013014] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 125.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=250000)
[    0.013276] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.014509] LSM: Security Framework initializing
[    0.015789] SELinux:  Initializing.
[    0.015840] SELinux: CONFIG_SECURITY_SELINUX_CHECKREQPROT_VALUE is non-zero.  This is deprecated and will be rejected in a future kernel release.
[    0.015890] SELinux: https://github.com/SELinuxProject/selinux-kernel/wiki/DEPRECATE-checkreqprot
[    0.020336] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.020428] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.042129] cgroup: Disabling memory control group subsystem
[    0.075459] cblist_init_generic: Setting adjustable number of callback queues.
[    0.075662] cblist_init_generic: Setting shift to 2 and lim to 1.
[    0.076421] cblist_init_generic: Setting shift to 2 and lim to 1.
[    0.077309] cblist_init_generic: Setting shift to 2 and lim to 1.
[    0.079850] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[    0.079930] rcu: 	Max phase no-delay instances is 1000.
[    0.086830] EFI services will not be available.
[    0.090527] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[    0.096550] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU1
[    0.097769] CPU1: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000001 [0x410fd034]
[    0.105304] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU2
[    0.105647] CPU2: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000002 [0x410fd034]
[    0.110049] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU3

```

--------------------------------

### Example output of legacy package list

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-NG-testing-guide.html

Sample output showing packages that may need to be removed or upgraded.

```text
leapp-data-almalinux-0.5-1.el7.20241127.noarch
leapp-0.18.0-2.el7.noarch
kernel-3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7.x86_64
python2-leapp-0.18.0-2.el7.noarch
leapp-upgrade-el7toel8-0.21.0-5.el7.elevate.4.noarch
kernel-3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
```

--------------------------------

### Create Website User and Directories

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/LAMP-server.html

Commands to create a new system user and set up the necessary directory structure for a website.

```bash
useradd almasite
cd /home/almasite/
mkdir logs public_html
```

```bash
chown almasite:almasite logs public_html
```

--------------------------------

### Verify Nginx Installation

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/nginx/NginxSeriesA02R8.html

Check the installed version of Nginx to confirm successful installation.

```bash
nginx -v
```

--------------------------------

### Install NVIDIA GPU Driver

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/nvidia.html

Install the minimal packages required for the NVIDIA GPU driver to function. For a more complete installation, use 'sudo dnf install nvidia-open'.

```bash
sudo dnf install nvidia-open-kmod nvidia-driver
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Verify fwupd Version

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/secure-boot-2023-certificates

Install the fwupd package and verify that the installed version meets the minimum requirement of 2.0.8.

```bash
sudo dnf install -y fwupd
fwupdmgr --version | grep fwupd
```

--------------------------------

### Run local development server

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/Contribute-to-Documentation

Start the local development web-server to preview changes at http://localhost:8080/.

```bash
$ yarn docs:dev
```

--------------------------------

### List Installed WSL Distributions

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/wsl

Displays all currently installed WSL distributions along with their state and version. Useful for verifying installations.

```bash
wsl --list --verbose

```

```bash
wsl -l -v

```

--------------------------------

### Install WSL Without Distribution

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/wsl

Installs the core WSL components on your system, preparing it for Linux distribution installation. A system restart is required after execution.

```bash
wsl --install --no-distribution

```

--------------------------------

### Configure chrony.conf

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA10.html

Example configuration for /etc/chrony.conf including NTP server settings and logging options.

```text
# chrony.conf
# Use Google's NTP server
server time.google.com iburst

# Local clock as a fallback source
server 127.127.1.0 iburst

# Set the time zone
rtcsync

maxdistance 16.0

# Driftfile
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift

# Allow larger adjustments to the system clock
makestep 1.0 3

# Leap seconds configuration
leapsec tz right/UTC

# Adjust the following line to allow systems in the XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/XX subnet to access this client.
# Ensure to modify the XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/XX part based on your network configuration.
allow XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/XX

# Logging
log tracking measurements statistics
logdir /var/log/chrony
```

--------------------------------

### Install SCAP Packages

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/openscap-guide.html

Installs necessary SCAP packages for AlmaLinux 8 using the dnf package manager. The `openscap-scanner` package is installed as a dependency.

```bash
sudo dnf install openscap openscap-utils scap-security-guide
```

--------------------------------

### Install AlmaLinux OS via WSL

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/wsl

Installs a specified AlmaLinux OS version using the WSL installation command. Replace 'AlmaLinux-10' with your desired version.

```bash
wsl --install AlmaLinux-10

```

--------------------------------

### Example output of EL8 package list

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-NG-testing-guide.html

Sample output showing packages remaining from the previous OS version.

```text
 kernel-modules-4.18.0-553.32.1.el8_10.x86_64
 leapp-0.18.0-2.el8.noarch
 leapp-data-almalinux-0.5-1.el8.20241127.noarch
 kernel-core-4.18.0-553.32.1.el8_10.x86_64
 kernel-4.18.0-553.32.1.el8_10.x86_64
 python3-leapp-0.18.0-2.el8.noarch
 leapp-upgrade-el8toel9-0.21.0-4.el8.elevate.5.noarch
```

--------------------------------

### Install Server with GUI Package Group

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/after-installation-guide

Install the 'Server with GUI' package group, which includes the GNOME Desktop Environment.

```bash
sudo dnf groupinstall "Server with GUI"

```

--------------------------------

### Install GNOME Desktop Environment

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/raspberry-pi

Installs a minimal GNOME desktop environment on the AlmaLinux system. This is for users who installed a standard image and want to add a GUI.

```bash
dnf groupinstall gnome-desktop
```

--------------------------------

### Install AlmaLinux OS from File

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/wsl

Use this command to install AlmaLinux OS from a downloaded .wsl file. Ensure you have the correct file path and version.

```bash
wsl --install --from-file AlmaLinux-10.1_x64_v2_<version>.wsl

```

--------------------------------

### Install dnf-utils

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/nginx/NginxSeriesA02R91.html

Installs the DNF utilities required for repository management.

```bash
sudo dnf install dnf-utils
```

--------------------------------

### Install elevate-release package

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/elevate/ELevate-quickstart-guide.html

Adds the project repository and GPG key to the system.

```bash
sudo yum install -y http://repo.almalinux.org/elevate/elevate-release-latest-el$(rpm --eval %rhel).noarch.rpm
```

--------------------------------

### Start Firewall Service

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/after-installation-guide

Start the firewalld service to activate the firewall.

```bash
sudo systemctl start firewalld

```

--------------------------------

### Install AlmaLinux Development Release

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA06.html

Installs the development release package for AlmaLinux.

```bash
sudo dnf almalinux-release-devel
```

--------------------------------

### Example file mapping

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/sigs/infrastructure/almapeople.html

Demonstrates how local file paths map to public URLs.

```text
~/public_html/index.html      ->  https://jonathan.almapeople.org/
~/public_html/files/notes.txt ->  https://jonathan.almapeople.org/files/notes.txt
```

--------------------------------

### Enable EPEL Repository

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA04.html

Install and upgrade the epel-release package to access snap packages.

```bash
sudo dnf install epel-release
sudo dnf upgrade
```

--------------------------------

### Install DVD Support

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA05.html

Installs libdvdcss to enable playback of encrypted DVDs.

```bash
sudo dnf -y install libdvdcss
```

--------------------------------

### Install EarlyOOM

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA08.html

Installs the EarlyOOM package using the DNF package manager.

```bash
sudo dnf install earlyoom -y
```

--------------------------------

### Install Snapd

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA04.html

Install the snapd package after configuring the repository and kernel modules.

```bash
sudo dnf install snapd
```

--------------------------------

### Display Example Output

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/Contribute-to-Documentation

Use this format to present the expected output or result of a command.

```markdown
```
example

```
```

--------------------------------

### Install PCSC Lite

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/development/private-keys/package-signing

Install the pcsc-lite package for smart card support.

```bash
sudo dnf install pcsc-lite
```

--------------------------------

### Install Multimedia Codecs

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA06.html

Installs multimedia codecs and development headers for video processing.

```bash
sudo dnf -y groupinstall multimedia --with-optional
sudo dnf -y install ffmpeg
sudo dnf -y install x264
sudo dnf -y install x264-devel
sudo dnf -y install SDL2
sudo dnf -y install ffmpeg-devel
```

--------------------------------

### Deploy VM with Cloud-init via virt-install

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/cloud/Generic-cloud-on-local

Use the --cloud-init option in virt-install version 4.1.0 or higher to pass network configuration directly.

```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash

vm_name='wiki-almalinux92'
vm_memory='2048'
vm_cpus='2'
vm_disk='/var/lib/libvirt/images/wiki_example_almalinux92_snapshot.qcow2'

ci_user_data='ci_user_data_ssh_auth_pass_pubkey' # Cloud-init user-data
ci_network_config='ci_network_config_192_168_122_92_v1' # Cloud-init network-config


virt-install \
     --connect qemu:///system \
     --name "$vm_name" \
     --memory "$vm_memory" \
     --machine q35 \
     --vcpus "$vm_cpus" \
     --cpu host-passthrough \
     --import \
     --cloud-init user-data="$ci_user_data",network-config="$ci_network_config" \
     --osinfo name=almalinux9 \
     --disk "$vm_disk" \
     --virt-type kvm
```

--------------------------------

### Install Essential Package Groups

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA06.html

Installs standard workstation and development tool groups.

```bash
sudo dnf groupinstall Workstation -y
sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
sudo dnf groupinstall "RPM Development Tools" -y
sudo dnf groupinstall "System Tools" -y
```

--------------------------------

### Create Nginx repository file

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/nginx/NginxSeriesA02R91.html

Initializes the repository configuration file for Nginx.

```bash
sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
```

--------------------------------

### Install Media Players

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA05.html

Installs popular media player applications from the RPMFusion repository.

```bash
sudo dnf install vlc
sudo dnf install mpv
sudo dnf install celluloid # Simple GTK+ frontend for mpv
```

--------------------------------

### Install AppStream Module

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/series/system/SystemSeriesA01.html

Use this command to install a specific module stream and profile.

```bash
sudo dnf module install nginx:<stream>/<profile>
```

--------------------------------

### Define OS versions and products in hosts.yml

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/development/building-almalinux-iso-locally.html

Comment out the OS versions and product definitions in hosts.yml that are not required for the build.

```yaml
 ---
 os_versions:
   - 8
   - 9
 per_version_absent_repos:
   8:
     - "crb"
   9:
     - "powertools"
 products:
   - platform: "AlmaLinux-8"
     name: "almalinux8-beta"
     version: 8
   - platform: "AlmaLinux-9"
     name: "AlmaLinux-9-beta"
     version: 9
```

--------------------------------

### Switch to Custom Inventory Directory

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/development/building-almalinux-iso-locally.html

Navigate into the newly created inventory directory to begin configuration.

```bash
cd ~/pungi-node-public/inventories/almalinux
```

--------------------------------

### Install XFCE Desktop Environment

Source: https://wiki.almalinux.org/documentation/after-installation-guide

Install the XFCE Desktop Environment on your AlmaLinux system.

```bash
sudo dnf groupinstall "Xfce"

```
Tokens:
Raw