Oracle Database SQL Quick Reference

https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/
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A quick reference guide for SQL commands, functions, statements, and datatypes used in Oracle...
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### Start Up Oracle Database

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to start up an Oracle database. Options include specifying an initialization parameter file (PFILE) and mount/nomount states.

```sqlplus
STARTUP [ PFILE = filename ] [ MOUNT [ dbname ] | NOMOUNT ]
```

--------------------------------

### START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Starts the logical standby apply process.

```APIDOC
## START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY Clause

### Description
Starts the logical standby apply process for a standby database.

### Method
N/A

### Endpoint
N/A

### Parameters
#### Parameters
- **IMMEDIATE** (optional) - Applies changes immediately.
- **NODELAY** (optional) - Applies changes without delay.
- **NEW PRIMARY dblink** (clause) - Specifies the new primary database.
- **INITIAL [ scn_value ]** (clause) - Starts apply at a specific SCN.
- **{ SKIP FAILED TRANSACTION | FINISH }** (clause) - Specifies how to handle failed transactions.

### Request Example
```
START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
N/A

#### Response Example
N/A
```

--------------------------------

### START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

The START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY clause initiates the application of redo data to a logical standby database. Options include IMMEDIATE, NODELAY, and various methods for initializing or synchronizing the standby, such as specifying a new primary database or a specific SCN.

```sql
START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY
[ IMMEDIATE ]
[ NODELAY ]
[ NEW PRIMARY dblink
| INITIAL [ scn_value ]
| { SKIP FAILED TRANSACTION | FINISH }
]
```

--------------------------------

### Get Help in SQL*Plus

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to display help topics within SQL*Plus. You can specify a topic for detailed information or list all available topics.

```sqlplus
HELP [ INDEX | topic ]
```

--------------------------------

### Get File Contents into SQL Buffer

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to load the contents of a specified file into the SQL*Plus command buffer. Optionally lists the loaded content.

```sqlplus
GET filename [ .ext ] [ LIST | NOLLIST ]
```

--------------------------------

### Create Materialized View Refresh Options

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Specifies how and when a materialized view should be refreshed. Options include fast, complete, force, on demand, on commit, start with, next, using rollback segments, and using constraints.

```sql
{ REFRESH
  { { FAST | COMPLETE | FORCE }
  | ON { DEMAND | COMMIT }
  | { START WITH | NEXT } date
  | WITH { PRIMARY KEY | ROWID }
  | USING
       { DEFAULT [ MASTER | LOCAL ]
            ROLLBACK SEGMENT
       | [ MASTER | LOCAL ]
            ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment
       }
         [ DEFAULT [ MASTER | LOCAL ]
              ROLLBACK SEGMENT
         | [ MASTER | LOCAL ]
              ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment
         ]...
  | USING
       { ENFORCED | TRUSTED }
       CONSTRAINTS
  }
    [ { FAST | COMPLETE | FORCE }
    | ON { DEMAND | COMMIT }
    | { START WITH | NEXT } date
    | WITH { PRIMARY KEY | ROWID }
    | USING
         { DEFAULT [ MASTER | LOCAL ]
              ROLLBACK SEGMENT
         | [ MASTER | LOCAL ]
              ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment
         }
           [ DEFAULT [ MASTER | LOCAL ]
                ROLLBACK SEGMENT
           | [ MASTER | LOCAL ]
                ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment
           ]...
    | USING
         { ENFORCED | TRUSTED }
         CONSTRAINTS
    ]...
| NEVER REFRESH
}

```

--------------------------------

### startup_clauses

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines the startup options for an Oracle database instance.

```APIDOC
## startup_clauses

### Description
Specifies the startup mode for an Oracle database instance, including mounting, opening, and various options.

### Method
N/A

### Endpoint
N/A

### Parameters
#### Parameters
- **MOUNT [ { STANDBY | CLONE } DATABASE ]** (clause) - Mounts the database, optionally as a standby or clone.
- **OPEN { [ READ WRITE ] [ RESETLOGS | NORESETLOGS ] [ UPGRADE | DOWNGRADE ] | READ ONLY }** (clause) - Opens the database in read-write, read-only or upgrade/downgrade mode.

### Request Example
```
STARTUP MOUNT
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
N/A

#### Response Example
N/A
```

--------------------------------

### Hierarchical Query Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Enables hierarchical traversal of data, starting from a specific row and navigating through parent-child relationships.

```APIDOC
## HIERARCHICAL QUERY CLAUSE

### Description
Enables querying data in a hierarchical structure, allowing traversal from a starting row through parent-child relationships defined by a CONNECT BY condition. It includes options to start at a specific row and to prevent infinite loops in cyclic data.

### Syntax
```
hierarchical_query_clause ::=
  [ START WITH condition ]
  CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition
```
```

--------------------------------

### STARTUP Clauses

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

The STARTUP clauses control the state of the database after it has been shut down. Options include MOUNT (optionally for STANDBY or CLONE databases) and OPEN (with variations like READ WRITE, RESETLOGS, UPGRADE, DOWNGRADE, or READ ONLY).

```sql
{ MOUNT [ { STANDBY | CLONE } DATABASE ]
| OPEN { [ READ WRITE ]
         [ RESETLOGS | NORESETLOGS ]
         [ UPGRADE | DOWNGRADE ]
       | READ ONLY
       }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Add Table Partition Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

General syntax for adding a partition to a table, allowing specification of range, hash, or list partitioning methods.

```sql
{ add_range_partition_clause
| add_hash_partition_clause
| add_list_partition_clause
}

```

--------------------------------

### List and Execute SQL Buffer Commands

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to list the contents of the SQL*Plus command buffer and then execute them.

```sqlplus
RUN
```

--------------------------------

### Standby Database Clauses

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

This set of clauses manages standby databases. It includes options for activating, maximizing, registering logs, committing switchovers, and starting or stopping the standby apply process. The parallel_clause can be used to parallelize these operations.

```sql
( activate_standby_db_clause
| maximize_standby_db_clause
| register_logfile_clause
| commit_switchover_clause
| start_standby_clause
| stop_standby_clause
| convert_standby_clause
) [ parallel_clause ]
```

--------------------------------

### SQL*Plus Commands Reference

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

This section details various SQL*Plus commands for managing database connections, executing SQL and PL/SQL, formatting output, and configuring the SQL*Plus environment.

```APIDOC
## SQL*Plus Commands Reference

### Description
This document outlines essential SQL*Plus commands used for database operations, environment configuration, and SQL buffer management. It covers logging in, executing SQL, managing files, and controlling database shutdown.

### Commands

#### Database Operation Commands

*   **Log in to SQL*Plus**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `SQLPLUS [ { username[/passward][@connect_identifier] | / } [ AS { SYSDBA | SYSOPER } ] | /NOLOG ]`
    *   **Description**: Connects to the Oracle database using provided credentials or as a specific administrative user.

*   **Connect to a database**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `CONNECT[{username[/password] [@connect_identifier] | /} [AS {SYSOPER | SYSDBA} |{proxy_user [ username ] [/password] [@connect_identifier]}]
    *   **Description**: Establishes a connection to an Oracle database instance.

*   **Shut down a database**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `SHUTDOWN [ ABORT | IMMEDIATE | NORMAL ]`
    *   **Description**: Shuts down the Oracle database instance with specified options.

*   **Disconnect from a database**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `DISCONNECT`
    *   **Description**: Disconnects the current session from the database.

#### Environment and Execution Commands

*   **List help topics available in SQL*Plus**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `HELP [ INDEX | topic ]`
    *   **Description**: Displays help information for SQL*Plus commands or specific topics.

*   **Execute host commands**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `HOST [ command ]`
    *   **Description**: Executes operating system commands from within SQL*Plus.

*   **Show SQL*Plus system variables or environment settings**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `SHOW { ALL | ERRORS | USER | system_variable [, system_variable] ...}`
    *   **Description**: Displays the current values of SQL*Plus system variables or environment settings.

*   **Alter SQL*Plus system variables or environment settings**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `SET system_variable value`
    *   **Description**: Modifies the values of SQL*Plus system variables to change environment settings.

*   **Start up a database**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `STARTUP [ PFILE = filename ] [ MOUNT [ dbname ] | NOMOUNT ]`
    *   **Description**: Starts up the Oracle database instance.

*   **List column definitions for a table, view, or synonym, or specifications for a function or procedure**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `DESCRIBE [ schema. ] object`
    *   **Description**: Provides information about the structure of database objects like tables and views.

*   **Edit contents of the SQL buffer or a file**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `EDIT [ filename [ .ext ] ]`
    *   **Description**: Opens the SQL buffer or a specified file in a text editor for modification.

*   **Get a file and load its contents into the SQL buffer**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `GET filename [ .ext ] [ LIST | NOLLIST ]`
    *   **Description**: Loads the content of a file into the SQL*Plus command buffer.

*   **Save contents of the SQL buffer to a file**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `SAVE filename [ .ext ] [ CREATE | REPLACE | APPEND ]`
    *   **Description**: Saves the current content of the SQL buffer to a specified file.

*   **Capture query results in a file and, optionally, send contents of file to default printer**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `SPOOL [ filename [ .ext ] [ CREATE | REPLACE | APPEND | OFF | OUT ]`
    *   **Description**: Redirects SQL*Plus command output to a file or the printer.

*   **Run SQL*Plus statements stored in a file**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `@ { url | filename [ .ext ] } [ arg ... ]START { url | filename [ .ext ] } [ arg ... ]`
    *   **Description**: Executes SQL*Plus commands stored in a specified script file.

*   **Execute commands stored in the SQL buffer**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `/` or `RUN`
    *   **Description**: Executes the SQL or PL/SQL statements currently in the SQL buffer.

*   **Execute a single PL/SQL statement or run a stored procedure**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `EXECUTE statement`
    *   **Description**: Executes a PL/SQL statement or a stored procedure.

*   **Log out of SQL*Plus**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `{ EXIT | QUIT } [ SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING ] [ COMMIT | ROLLBACK ]`
    *   **Description**: Exits the SQL*Plus session.

#### SQL Buffer Manipulation Commands

*   **List contents of the SQL buffer**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `LIST [ n | n m | n LAST ]`
    *   **Description**: Displays the lines of code currently in the SQL buffer.

*   **Delete contents of the SQL buffer**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `DEL [ n | n m | n LAST ]`
    *   **Description**: Deletes lines from the SQL buffer.

*   **Add new lines following current line in the SQL buffer**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `INPUT [ text ]`
    *   **Description**: Enters new lines of text into the SQL buffer after the current line.

*   **Append text to end of current line in the SQL buffer**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `APPEND text`
    *   **Description**: Appends specified text to the end of the current line in the SQL buffer.

*   **Find and replace first occurrence of a text string in current line of the SQL buffer**
    *   **Method**: N/A (Command-line execution)
    *   **Endpoint**: N/A
    *   **Command Syntax**: `CHANGE sepchar old [ sepchar [ new [ sepchar ] ] ]`
    *   **Description**: Finds and replaces text within the current line of the SQL buffer. `sepchar` can be any non-alphanumeric ASCII character.

### See Also
*   SQL*Plus Quick Reference
*   SQL*Plus User's Guide and Reference
```

--------------------------------

### Oracle Hierarchical Query Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Specifies the SQL syntax for hierarchical queries using CONNECT BY. It allows defining the starting condition for the hierarchy and the conditions for traversing the connections between parent and child rows, with an option to prevent cycles.

```sql
hierarchical_query_clause ::= 
[ START WITH condition ]
CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition
```

--------------------------------

### Create Sequence SQL Statement

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr01

This statement creates a sequence, which is a database object that generates unique numbers. Options include increment, start value, maximum/minimum values, cycling, caching, and ordering.

```sql
CREATE SEQUENCE [ schema. ]sequence
   [ { INCREMENT BY | START WITH } integer
   | { MAXVALUE integer | NOMAXVALUE }
   | { MINVALUE integer | NOMINVALUE }
   | { CYCLE | NOCYCLE }
   | { CACHE integer | NOCACHE }
   | { ORDER | NOORDER }
   ]
     [ { INCREMENT BY | START WITH } integer
     | { MAXVALUE integer | NOMAXVALUE }
     | { MINVALUE integer | NOMINVALUE }
     | { CYCLE | NOCYCLE }
     | { CACHE integer | NOCACHE }
     | { ORDER | NOORDER }
     ]... ;
```

--------------------------------

### Show SQL*Plus System Variables

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to display the current values of SQL*Plus system variables or environment settings. Useful for checking configuration.

```sqlplus
SHOW { ALL | ERRORS | USER | system_variable [, system_variable] ...}
```

--------------------------------

### Connect to Oracle Database

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to establish a connection to an Oracle database. Supports various authentication methods including username/password, OS authentication, and proxy users.

```sqlplus
CONNECT([{username[/password] [@connect_identifier] | /} [AS {SYSOPER | SYSDBA}] |{proxy_user [ username ] [/password] [@connect_identifier]}])
```

--------------------------------

### Formatting Numbers with Commas in Oracle SQL

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr07

Demonstrates the use of the comma element in Oracle SQL's TO_CHAR function to format numbers with thousands separators. Commas can be specified multiple times but cannot start the model or appear after a decimal character.

```sql
SELECT TO_CHAR(1234567, '9,999,999') FROM DUAL;
-- Example Output: ' 1,234,567'
```

--------------------------------

### ALTER DATABASE Syntax

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr01

Specifies the syntax for altering an Oracle DATABASE. This encompasses various clauses for startup, recovery, file management, logfile configuration, control file operations, standby database setup, default settings, instance management, and security.

```sql
ALTER DATABASE [ database ]
  { startup_clauses
  | recovery_clauses
  | database_file_clauses
  | logfile_clauses
  | controlfile_clauses
  | standby_database_clauses
  | default_settings_clauses
  | instance_clauses
  | security_clause
  } ;
```

--------------------------------

### Run SQL*Plus Statements from File

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to execute SQL*Plus statements stored in a file. It can take arguments and supports URLs or local filenames.

```sqlplus
@ { url | filename [ .ext ] } [ arg ... ]
```

```sqlplus
START { url | filename [ .ext ] } [ arg ... ]
```

--------------------------------

### CREATE DATABASE

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr01

Initializes a new Oracle database, setting up essential parameters like user accounts, control file options, maximum file limits, and character sets.

```APIDOC
## CREATE DATABASE

### Description
Initializes a new Oracle database.

### Method
CREATE DATABASE

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Statement)

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
None

#### Query Parameters
None

#### Request Body
None

### Request Example
```sql
CREATE DATABASE database USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY password;
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Database created successfully.

#### Response Example
None (SQL statement execution)
```

--------------------------------

### Activate Standby Database Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Specifies the syntax for activating a physical or logical standby database, optionally with a finish apply clause.

```sql
ACTIVATE
     [ PHYSICAL | LOGICAL ]
     STANDBY DATABASE
     [ FINISH APPLY ]

```

--------------------------------

### Add Hash Index Partition Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a partition to a hash-partitioned index, allowing specification of partition name, tablespace, and parallel clause.

```sql
ADD PARTITION
   [ partition_name ]
   [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]
   [ parallel_clause ]

```

--------------------------------

### Oracle Partitioning Clauses (Hash and Global)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Details the SQL syntax for defining hash partitioning for tables and global partitioned indexes. It covers specifying the partitioning columns, the number of partitions, and tablespace allocation.

```sql
hash_partitioning ::= 
PARTITION BY HASH
(column [, column ] ...)
{ individual_hash_partitions
| hash_partitions_by_quantity
}

hash_partitions_by_quantity ::= 
PARTITIONS hash_partition_quantity
[ STORE IN
     (tablespace [, tablespace ]... ) ]
[ OVERFLOW STORE IN
     (tablespace [, tablespace ]... ) ]

global_partitioned_index ::= 
GLOBAL PARTITION BY
   { RANGE
        (column_list)
        (index_partitioning_clause)
   | HASH
        (column_list)
        { individual_hash_partitions
        | hash_partitions_by_quantity
        }
   }
```

--------------------------------

### Add Hash Partition Clause Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a partition to a hash-partitioned table, including storage options and update clauses.

```sql
ADD PARTITION [ partition ]
   partitioning_storage_clause
   [ update_index_clauses ]
   [ parallel_clause ]

```

--------------------------------

### Add List Partition Clause Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a partition to a list-partitioned table, specifying list values and table partition descriptions.

```sql
ADD PARTITION [ partition ]
   list_values_clause
   [ table_partition_description ]
   [ update_index_clauses ]

```

--------------------------------

### Log in to SQL*Plus

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to log in to SQL*Plus. It accepts username, password, and connection identifier, with options for SYSDBA/SYSOPER roles or no login.

```sqlplus
SQLPLUS [ { username[/passward][@connect_identifier] | / } [ AS { SYSDBA | SYSOPER } ] | /NOLOG ]
```

--------------------------------

### Add List Subpartition Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a subpartition to a list-partitioned table, with options for index updates.

```sql
ADD subpartition_spec
   [ update_index_clauses ]

```

--------------------------------

### ADD LOGFILE Clauses

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding redo log files to a database instance, including options for group, filename, and specifying members.

```APIDOC
## ADD LOGFILE Clauses

### Description
Syntax for adding redo log files to a database instance, including options for group, filename, and specifying members.

### Method
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Parameters
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Request Example
```sql
ADD [ STANDBY ] LOGFILE { [ INSTANCE 'instance_name' ] [ GROUP integer ] redo_log_file_spec [, [ GROUP integer ] redo_log_file_spec ]... | MEMBER 'filename' [ REUSE ] [, 'filename' [ REUSE ] ]... TO logfile_descriptor [, logfile_descriptor ]... }
```

### Response
N/A (SQL Syntax)
```

--------------------------------

### Add Logfile Clauses Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding redo log files, either for a specific instance, group, or as members to an existing logfile descriptor.

```sql
ADD [ STANDBY ] LOGFILE
   { [ INSTANCE 'instance_name' ]
     [ GROUP integer ] redo_log_file_spec
       [, [ GROUP integer ] redo_log_file_spec ]...
   | MEMBER 'filename' [ REUSE ]
            [, 'filename' [ REUSE ] ]...
        TO logfile_descriptor
           [, logfile_descriptor ]...
   }

```

--------------------------------

### Index and Domain Index Clauses

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Commands for defining domain indexes and managing index partitions.

```APIDOC
## Domain Index Clause

### Description
Specifies the index type and optional parameters for creating a domain index.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
CREATE INDEX my_index ON my_table (column_name) INDEXTYPE IS ctxsys.context PARAMETERS ('sync (on commit)');
```

## Drop Index Partition

### Description
Drops a specific partition from an index.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
DROP PARTITION index_partition_name OF INDEX index_name;
```
```

--------------------------------

### ADD LIST PARTITION Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a partition to a list-partitioned object, including list values, table partition description, and update clauses.

```APIDOC
## ADD LIST PARTITION Clause

### Description
Syntax for adding a partition to a list-partitioned object, including list values, table partition description, and update clauses.

### Method
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Parameters
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Request Example
```sql
ADD PARTITION [ partition ] list_values_clause [ table_partition_description ] [ update_index_clauses ]
```

### Response
N/A (SQL Syntax)
```

--------------------------------

### DATABASE FILE CLAUSES

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Provides syntax for managing database files, including renaming and creation.

```APIDOC
## { RENAME FILE 'filename' [, 'filename' ]... TO 'filename' | create_datafile_clause | alter_datafile_clause | alter_tempfile_clause }

### Description
Specifies clauses for renaming database files, creating new data files, or altering existing data files and temporary files.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
None

#### Query Parameters
None

#### Request Body
None

### Request Example
```sql
RENAME FILE '/u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' TO '/new/path/users01.dbf';
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Database file operation completed.

#### Response Example
None
```

--------------------------------

### ADD TABLE PARTITION Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Combines syntax for adding partitions to tables using range, hash, or list partitioning methods.

```APIDOC
## ADD TABLE PARTITION Clause

### Description
Combines syntax for adding partitions to tables using range, hash, or list partitioning methods.

### Method
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Parameters
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Request Example
```sql
{ add_range_partition_clause | add_hash_partition_clause | add_list_partition_clause }
```

### Response
N/A (SQL Syntax)
```

--------------------------------

### Describe Database Object in SQL*Plus

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to display the definitions of database objects such as tables, views, synonyms, functions, or procedures. Can specify schema.

```sqlplus
DESCRIBE [ schema. ] object
```

--------------------------------

### Add Disk Clause Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Details the syntax for adding disks to a disk group, allowing specification of fail groups and qualified disk clauses.

```sql
ADD
[ FAILGROUP failgroup_name ]
DISK qualified_disk_clause
     [, qualified_disk_clause ]...
  [ [ FAILGROUP failgroup_name ]
    DISK qualified_disk_clause
         [, qualified_disk_clause ]...
  ]...

```

--------------------------------

### Hash Partitions by Quantity

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Specifies the number of hash partitions and optionally their storage.

```APIDOC
## HASH PARTITIONS BY QUANTITY

### Description
Defines the number of hash partitions to create for a table or index and optionally specifies the tablespaces where these partitions and their overflows should be stored.

### Syntax
```
hash_partitions_by_quantity ::=
  PARTITIONS hash_partition_quantity
  [ STORE IN
       (tablespace [, tablespace ]...)
  ]
  [ OVERFLOW STORE IN
       (tablespace [, tablespace ]...)
  ]
```
```

--------------------------------

### Exchange Oracle Partition with a Table

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

SQL command to exchange the contents of a table partition or subpartition with an existing table. Options control index handling, validation, and exception logging.

```SQL
EXCHANGE { PARTITION partition
         | SUBPARTITION subpartition
         }
   WITH TABLE table
   [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } INDEXES ]
   [ { WITH | WITHOUT } VALIDATION ]
   [ exceptions_clause ]
   [ update_index_clauses [ parallel_clause ] ]
```

--------------------------------

### ADD HASH INDEX PARTITION Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a partition to a hash index, with options for partition name, tablespace, and parallel execution.

```APIDOC
## ADD HASH INDEX PARTITION Clause

### Description
Syntax for adding a partition to a hash index, with options for partition name, tablespace, and parallel execution.

### Method
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Parameters
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Request Example
```sql
ADD PARTITION [ partition_name ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] [ parallel_clause ]
```

### Response
N/A (SQL Syntax)
```

--------------------------------

### Table Partition and Subpartition Management

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Commands for dropping table partitions and subpartitions, with options for index updates.

```APIDOC
## Drop Table Partition

### Description
Drops a specified partition from a table, with optional index updates and parallelism.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
DROP PARTITION partition_name FROM my_table UPDATE INDEXES PARALLEL 4;
```

## Drop Table Subpartition

### Description
Drops a specified subpartition from a table, with optional index updates and parallelism.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
DROP SUBPARTITION subpartition_name FROM my_table UPDATE INDEXES PARALLEL 2;
```
```

--------------------------------

### Constraint and Logfile Management Clauses

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Commands for dropping constraints and managing log files.

```APIDOC
## Drop Constraint Clause

### Description
Drops constraints such as primary keys, unique constraints, or named constraints. Supports cascading actions and index management.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
ALTER TABLE my_table DROP PRIMARY KEY CASCADE;
ALTER TABLE my_table DROP CONSTRAINT fk_constraint KEEP INDEX;
```

## Drop Logfile Clauses

### Description
Removes online or standby redo log files based on descriptors or member filenames.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 3;
ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE MEMBER '/path/to/redo01.log';
```
```

--------------------------------

### Add Range Partition Clause Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a partition to a range-partitioned table, specifying range values and table partition descriptions.

```sql
ADD PARTITION [ partition ]
   range_values_clause
   [ table_partition_description ]
   [ update_index_clauses ]

```

--------------------------------

### Add Hash Subpartition Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a subpartition to a hash-partitioned table or index, with options for index updates and parallelism.

```sql
ADD subpartition_spec
   [ update_index_clauses ]
   [ parallel_clause ]

```

--------------------------------

### Input Lines into SQL Buffer

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to add new lines to the SQL*Plus command buffer after the current line. Can also take initial text.

```sqlplus
INPUT [ text ]
```

--------------------------------

### Type Constructor Expression Syntax

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr03

Illustrates the syntax for type constructor expressions, used to create instances of SQL object types. It allows specifying schema, type name, and attribute values.

```sql
[ NEW ] [ schema. ]type_name
   ([ expr [, expr ]... ])
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Host Commands in SQL*Plus

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to execute operating system commands directly from SQL*Plus. The specified command is run on the host system.

```sqlplus
HOST [ command ]
```

--------------------------------

### List SQL Buffer Contents

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to display the contents of the SQL*Plus command buffer. Can specify line numbers to list specific ranges.

```sqlplus
LIST [ n | n m | n LAST ]
```

--------------------------------

### ADD DISK Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Provides the syntax for adding disks to a storage configuration, with options for specifying fail groups and qualified disk clauses.

```APIDOC
## ADD DISK Clause

### Description
Provides the syntax for adding disks to a storage configuration, with options for specifying fail groups and qualified disk clauses.

### Method
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Parameters
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Request Example
```sql
ADD [ FAILGROUP failgroup_name ] DISK qualified_disk_clause [, qualified_disk_clause ]... [ [ FAILGROUP failgroup_name ] DISK qualified_disk_clause [, qualified_disk_clause ]... ]...
```

### Response
N/A (SQL Syntax)
```

--------------------------------

### Save SQL Buffer to File

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to save the current contents of the SQL*Plus command buffer to a specified file. Supports creating, replacing, or appending.

```sqlplus
SAVE filename [ .ext ] [ CREATE | REPLACE | APPEND ]
```

--------------------------------

### ADD HASH PARTITION Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a partition to a hash-partitioned object, including storage, update, and parallel clauses.

```APIDOC
## ADD HASH PARTITION Clause

### Description
Syntax for adding a partition to a hash-partitioned object, including storage, update, and parallel clauses.

### Method
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Parameters
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Request Example
```sql
ADD PARTITION [ partition ] partitioning_storage_clause [ update_index_clauses ] [ parallel_clause ]
```

### Response
N/A (SQL Syntax)
```

--------------------------------

### ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines the syntax for activating a standby database, with options for physical or logical standby and finishing apply.

```APIDOC
## ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE Clause

### Description
Defines the syntax for activating a standby database, with options for physical or logical standby and finishing apply.

### Method
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Parameters
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Request Example
```sql
ACTIVATE [ PHYSICAL | LOGICAL ] STANDBY DATABASE [ FINISH APPLY ]
```

### Response
N/A (SQL Syntax)
```

--------------------------------

### ADD RANGE PARTITION Clause

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for adding a partition to a range-partitioned object, including range values, table partition description, and update clauses.

```APIDOC
## ADD RANGE PARTITION Clause

### Description
Syntax for adding a partition to a range-partitioned object, including range values, table partition description, and update clauses.

### Method
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Parameters
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Request Example
```sql
ADD PARTITION [ partition ] range_values_clause [ table_partition_description ] [ update_index_clauses ]
```

### Response
N/A (SQL Syntax)
```

--------------------------------

### DATABASE LOGGING CLAUSES

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines syntax for managing database logging settings.

```APIDOC
## { LOGFILE [ GROUP integer ] file_specification [, [ GROUP integer ] file_specification ]... | MAXLOGFILES integer | MAXLOGMEMBERS integer | MAXLOGHISTORY integer | { ARCHIVELOG | NOARCHIVELOG } | FORCE LOGGING }

### Description
Configures database logging, including log file specifications, maximum limits, archiving modes, and forcing logging.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
None

#### Query Parameters
None

#### Request Body
None

### Request Example
```sql
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Database logging settings updated.

#### Response Example
None
```

--------------------------------

### Add Column Clause Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Provides the syntax for adding one or more columns to a table, including column definitions and optional properties.

```sql
ADD
   ( column_definition [, column_definition] ... )
   [ column_properties ]


```

--------------------------------

### Object Table Creation Syntax

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Syntax for creating an object table in Oracle. It allows for global temporary tables and specifies the schema and table name for the object type.

```sql
CREATE [ GLOBAL TEMPORARY ] TABLE
   [ schema. ]table OF
```

--------------------------------

### Add Binding Clause Syntax (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines the syntax for adding a binding clause, specifying parameter types, return types, and implementation details.

```sql
ADD BINDING
(parameter_type
 [, parameter_type ]...)
RETURN (return_type)
[ implementation_clause ]
using_function_clause

```

--------------------------------

### Oracle SQL: Order By and Partition Attributes

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines the ORDER BY clause for sorting query results and various clauses for specifying partition attributes, including storage and logging.

```sql
order_by_clause::=
ORDER [ SIBLINGS ] BY
{ expr | position | c_alias }
[ ASC | DESC ]
[ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
  [, { expr | position | c_alias }
     [ ASC | DESC ]
     [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
  ]...

partition_attributes::=
[ { physical_attributes_clause
  | logging_clause
  | allocate_extent_clause
  | deallocate_unused_clause
  | shrink_clause
  }
    [ physical_attributes_clause
    | logging_clause
    | allocate_extent_clause
    | deallocate_unused_clause
    | shrink_clause
    ]...
]
[ OVERFLOW
  { physical_attributes_clause
  | logging_clause
  | allocate_extent_clause
  | deallocate_unused_clause
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Default Settings Clauses

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Contains various clauses for setting default database configurations. This includes setting default tablespaces, temporary tablespaces, global name, enabling/disabling block change tracking, and setting the time zone.

```sql
{ SET DEFAULT
     { BIGFILE | SMALLFILE } TABLESPACE
| DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace
| DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE
     { tablespace | tablespace_group_name }
| RENAME GLOBAL_NAME TO
     database.domain [.domain ]...
| { ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING
    [ USING FILE 'filename' [ REUSE ] ]
  | DISABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING
  }
| flashback_mode_clause
| set_time_zone_clause
}

```

--------------------------------

### Fully Qualified File Name

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Provides a complete path specification for a database file within an Oracle disk group.

```APIDOC
## FULLY QUALIFIED FILE NAME

### Description
Specifies the complete path to a database file located within an Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) disk group.

### Syntax
```
fully_qualified_file_name ::=
+diskgroup_name/db_name/file_type/
   file_type_tag.filenumber.incarnation_number
```
```

--------------------------------

### Global Partitioned Index

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines a global partitioned index using range or hash partitioning.

```APIDOC
## GLOBAL PARTITIONED INDEX

### Description
Defines a global index that is partitioned, allowing it to be split into multiple smaller, more manageable pieces based on range or hash partitioning schemes.

### Syntax
```
global_partitioned_index ::=
GLOBAL PARTITION BY
   { RANGE
        (column_list)
        (index_partitioning_clause)
   | HASH
        (column_list)
        { individual_hash_partitions
        | hash_partitions_by_quantity
        }
   }
```
```

--------------------------------

### Supplemental Logging Properties (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

A combined clause for supplemental logging, allowing the configuration of either a supplemental log group or supplemental ID key logging. This provides flexibility in defining the scope of supplemental logging.

```SQL
{ supplemental_log_grp_clause
| supplemental_id_key_clause
}
```

--------------------------------

### Disk Group Management Commands

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Commands for managing the availability, directories, templates, and disks within disk groups.

```APIDOC
## Disk Group Availability

### Description
Controls the mount or dismount status of disk groups.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
ALTER DISKGROUP diskgroup_name MOUNT;
ALTER DISKGROUP diskgroup_name DISMOUNT FORCE;
```

## Disk Group Directory Clauses

### Description
Manages directories within a disk group, allowing adding, dropping, and renaming.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
ALTER DISKGROUP diskgroup_name ADD DIRECTORY '/new/dir';
ALTER DISKGROUP diskgroup_name DROP DIRECTORY '/old/dir' FORCE;
ALTER DISKGROUP diskgroup_name RENAME DIRECTORY '/old/path' TO '/new/path';
```

## Disk Group Template Clauses

### Description
Manages templates for disk group storage attributes, allowing addition, alteration, and dropping.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
ALTER DISKGROUP diskgroup_name ADD TEMPLATE template_name AS (FAILGROUP FAILGROUP1);
DROP TEMPLATE template_name;
```

## Drop Disk Group File Clause

### Description
Removes files from a disk group.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
DROP FILE '/path/to/file.dbf' FROM DISKGROUP diskgroup_name;
```

## Drop Disk Clauses

### Description
Removes disks or disks within fail groups from a disk group.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
DROP DISK disk_name FROM DISKGROUP diskgroup_name;
DROP DISKS IN FAILGROUP failgroup_name FROM DISKGROUP diskgroup_name;
```
```

--------------------------------

### DEFAULT SETTINGS CLAUSES

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Specifies various default settings for the database.

```APIDOC
## { SET DEFAULT { BIGFILE | SMALLFILE } TABLESPACE | DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace | DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE { tablespace | tablespace_group_name } | RENAME GLOBAL_NAME TO database.domain [.domain ]... | { ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING [ USING FILE 'filename' [ REUSE ] ] | DISABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING } | flashback_mode_clause | set_time_zone_clause }

### Description
Allows modification of database-wide default settings, including default tablespaces, temporary tablespaces, global name, block change tracking, and flashback mode.

### Method
DDL

### Endpoint
N/A

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
None

#### Query Parameters
None

#### Request Body
None

### Request Example
```sql
ALTER DATABASE SET DEFAULT TABLESPACE users;
ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING USING FILE '/u01/oradata/orcl/bct_orcl.log';
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Default settings updated.

#### Response Example
None
```

--------------------------------

### Oracle Function Declaration and Specification

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Provides the SQL syntax for declaring a function with parameters and a return type, and for defining the function's specification. Supports PL/SQL blocks or call specifications for implementation.

```sql
function_declaration ::= 
FUNCTION name
   (parameter datatype[, parameter datatype ]...)
   RETURN datatype
   { IS | AS } { pl/sql_block | call_spec }

function_spec ::= 
FUNCTION name
   (parameter datatype [, parameter datatype ]...)
   return_clause
```

--------------------------------

### Table Partition Description (SQL)

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Describes attributes for a partition within a partitioned table. This includes segment attributes, compression settings, LOB storage, and subpartition definitions. It allows fine-grained control over storage and performance characteristics.

```SQL
[ segment_attributes_clause ]
[ table_compression | key_compression ]
[ OVERFLOW [ segment_attributes_clause ] ]
[ { LOB_storage_clause
  | varray_col_properties
  }
    [ LOB_storage_clause
    | varray_col_properties
    ]...
]
[ partition_level_subpartition ]
```

--------------------------------

### Execute SQL Buffer Command

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to execute the SQL statement currently stored in the SQL*Plus command buffer.

```sqlplus
/
```

--------------------------------

### Oracle SQL: Formatting Datetime with Fractional Seconds

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr07

Demonstrates how to format datetime values including fractional seconds using the FF element in Oracle SQL. It specifies the number of digits for fractional seconds and uses the TO_CHAR function with SYSTIMESTAMP.

```sql
SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'SS.FF3') from dual;
```

--------------------------------

### Oracle SQL: Using Statistics Type

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines the syntax for specifying statistics types for optimization, including the option to use NULL.

```sql
USING { [ schema. ] statistics_type | NULL }
```

--------------------------------

### Datafile/Tempfile Specification

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines the specifications for a datafile or tempfile, including its name (physical or ASM), size, reuse option, and autoextend parameters. This is a fundamental building block for storage definition.

```sql
[ 'filename' | 'ASM_filename' ]
[ SIZE size_clause ]
[ REUSE ]
[ autoextend_clause ]

```

--------------------------------

### Edit SQL Buffer or File in SQL*Plus

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqraa

Command to open the SQL buffer or a specified file in the default editor. Changes can be made and saved.

```sqlplus
EDIT [ filename [ .ext ] ]
```

--------------------------------

### ALIAS FILE NAME Syntax

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines the syntax for creating an alias for a file name within a disk group, specifying the alias name.

```APIDOC
## ALIAS FILE NAME Syntax

### Description
Defines the syntax for creating an alias for a file name within a disk group, specifying the alias name.

### Method
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Parameters
N/A (SQL Syntax)

### Request Example
```sql
+diskgroup_name [ (template_name) ] /alias_name
```

### Response
N/A (SQL Syntax)
```

--------------------------------

### Oracle SQL: Table Partitioning Clauses

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Defines various methods for partitioning tables in Oracle SQL, including composite, hash, list, and range partitioning. It specifies how partitions are stored and managed.

```sql
on_comp_partitioned_table::=
[ STORE IN ( tablespace [, tablespace ]... ) ]
( PARTITION
    [ partition
      [ { segment_attribute_clause
        | key_compression
        }
          [ segment_attribute_clause
          | key_compression
          ]...
      ]
      [ index_subpartition_clause ]
    ]
      [, PARTITION
           [ partition
             [ { segment_attribute_clause
               | key_compression
               }
                 [ segment_attribute_clause
                 | key_compression
                 ]...
             ]
             [ index_subpartition_clause ]
           ]...
      ]
)

on_hash_partitioned_table::=
{ STORE IN (tablespace[, tablespace ]...)
| (PARTITION
      [ partition [ TABLESPACE tablespace ] ]
   [, PARTITION
         [ partition [ TABLESPACE tablespace ] ]
   ]...
  )
}

on_list_partitioned_table::=
( PARTITION
    [ partition
      [ { segment_attributes_clause
        | key_compression
        }
          [ segment_attributes_clause
          | key_compression
          ]...
      ]
    ]
  [, PARTITION
       [ partition
         [ { segment_attributes_clause
           | key_compression
           }
             [ segment_attributes_clause
             | key_compression
             ]...
         ]
       ]
  ]...
)

on_range_partitioned_table::=
( PARTITION
    [ partition
      [ { segment_attributes_clause
        | key_compression
        }
          [ segment_attributes_clause
          | key_compression
          ]...
      ]
    ]
  [, PARTITION
       [ partition
         [ { segment_attributes_clause
           | key_compression
           }
             [ segment_attributes_clause
             | key_compression
             ]...
         ]
       ]
  ]...
)
```

--------------------------------

### Session Control and Statistics Clauses

Source: https://web.deu.edu.tr/doc/oracle/B19306_01/server.102/b14195/sqlqr05

Commands for ending sessions and estimating statistics.

```APIDOC
## End Session Clauses

### Description
Disconnects or kills database sessions identified by session ID and serial number. Can be immediate or post-transaction.

### Method
System Command

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
ALTER SYSTEM DISCONNECT SESSION '123,456' POST_TRANSACTION;
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '789,012' IMMEDIATE;
```

## Estimate Statistics Clause

### Description
Estimates statistics for tables or other database objects, with options for sampling and system-wide estimation.

### Method
DDL/Maintenance Command

### Endpoint
N/A (SQL Command)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```sql
EXEC DBMS_STATS.ESTIMATE_PERCENT(ownname=>'MY_SCHEMA', tabname=>'MY_TABLE', estimate_percent=>10);
```
```
Tokens:
Raw