### Fetch Apple's JWKS Endpoint

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Example HTTP GET request to retrieve JSON Web Key Set (JWKS) from Apple's authentication server. This is used for verifying JWTs signed by Apple.

```http
GET https://appleid.apple.com/auth/keys
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize RSA Public Key from PEM

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Create an RSA public key using its PEM format. RSA keys are in the `Insecure` namespace and should be used for compatibility only.

```swift
let rsaPublicKey = """
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC0cOtPjzABybjzm3fCg1aCYwnx
PmjXpbCkecAWLj/CcDWEcuTZkYDiSG0zgglbbbhcV0vJQDWSv60tnlA3cjSYutAv
7FPo5Cq8FkvrdDzeacwRSxYuIq1LtYnd6I30qNaNthntjvbqyMmBulJ1mzLI+Xg/
aX4rbSL49Z3dAQn8vQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
"

// Initialize an RSA key with public pem.
let key = try Insecure.RSA.PublicKey(pem: rsaPublicKey)
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize RSA Private Key with Components

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Initialize an RSA private key using its modulus, public exponent, and private exponent components. Note that RSA keys smaller than 2048 bits are not supported.

```swift
// Initialize an RSA private key with components.
let key = try Insecure.RSA.PrivateKey(
    modulus: modulus, 
    exponent: publicExponent, 
    privateExponent: privateExponent
)
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize JWK from JSON

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Create a JSON Web Key (JWK) object from a JSON string. This JWK can then be added to the key collection for signing or verification.

```swift
let privateKey = """
{
    "kty": "RSA",
    "d": "\(rsaPrivateExponent)",
    "e": "AQAB",
    "use": "sig",
    "kid": "1234",
    "alg": "RS256",
    "n": "\(rsaModulus)"
}
"""

let jwk = try JWK(json: privateKey)
try await app.jwt.keys.use(jwk: jwk)
```

--------------------------------

### Google JWT Verification

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Configure your Google application identifier and G Suite domain name, then use the `req.jwt.google.verify()` helper to fetch and verify a Google JWT.

```APIDOC
## Configure Google App Identifier and Domain

```swift
// Configure Google app identifier and domain name.
app.jwt.google.applicationIdentifier = "..."
app.jwt.google.gSuiteDomainName = "..."
```

## Fetch and Verify Google JWT

### Description
Fetches and verifies a Google JWT from the `Authorization` header.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
`/google`

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Returns HTTPStatus OK upon successful verification.

### Request Example
```swift
// Fetch and verify Google JWT from Authorization header.
app.get("google") { req async throws -> HTTPStatus in
    let token = try await req.jwt.google.verify()
    print(token) // GoogleIdentityToken
    return .ok
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Google App Identifier and Domain for JWT

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Set the application identifier and G Suite domain name for Google JWT authentication. These are necessary for token verification.

```swift
// Configure Google app identifier and domain name.
app.jwt.google.applicationIdentifier = "..."
app.jwt.google.gSuiteDomainName = "..."
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize ECDSA Public Key from PEM

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Initializes an ECDSA public key from a PEM-formatted string. This key can be used for verifying JWT signatures.

```swift
let ecdsaPublicKey = """
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE2adMrdG7aUfZH57aeKFFM01dPnkx
C18ScRb4Z6poMBgJtYlVtd9ly63URv57ZW0Ncs1LiZB7WATb3svu+1c7HQ==
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
"""

// Initialize an ECDSA key with public PEM.
let key = try ES256PublicKey(pem: ecdsaPublicKey)
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize EdDSA Public Key

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Initializes an EdDSA public key using its base-64 encoded x-coordinate and the specified curve.

```swift
let publicKey = try EdDSA.PublicKey(x: "0ZcEvMCSYqSwR8XIkxOoaYjRQSAO8frTMSCpNbUl4lE", curve: .ed25519)
```

--------------------------------

### Microsoft JWT Verification

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Configure your Microsoft application identifier and then use the `req.jwt.microsoft.verify()` helper to fetch and verify a Microsoft JWT.

```APIDOC
## Configure Microsoft App Identifier

```swift
// Configure Microsoft app identifier.
app.jwt.microsoft.applicationIdentifier = "..."
```

## Fetch and Verify Microsoft JWT

### Description
Fetches and verifies a Microsoft JWT from the `Authorization` header.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
`/microsoft`

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Returns HTTPStatus OK upon successful verification.

### Request Example
```swift
// Fetch and verify Microsoft JWT from Authorization header.
app.get("microsoft") { req async throws -> HTTPStatus in
    let token = try await req.jwt.microsoft.verify()
    print(token) // MicrosoftIdentityToken
    return .ok
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Apple JWT Verification

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Configure your Apple application identifier and then use the `req.jwt.apple.verify()` helper to fetch and verify an Apple JWT from the Authorization header.

```APIDOC
## Configure Apple App Identifier

```swift
// Configure Apple app identifier.
app.jwt.apple.applicationIdentifier = "..."
```

## Fetch and Verify Apple JWT

### Description
Fetches and verifies an Apple JWT from the `Authorization` header.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
`/apple`

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Returns HTTPStatus OK upon successful verification.

### Request Example
```swift
// Fetch and verify Apple JWT from Authorization header.
app.get("apple") { req async throws -> HTTPStatus in
    let token = try await req.jwt.apple.verify()
    print(token) // AppleIdentityToken
    return .ok
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize EdDSA Private Key

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Initializes an EdDSA private key using its base-64 encoded d-coordinate and the specified curve.

```swift
let privateKey = try EdDSA.PrivateKey(d: "d1H3/dcg0V3XyAuZW2TE5Z3rhY20M+4YAfYu/HUQd8w=", curve: .ed25519)
```

--------------------------------

### Verify Microsoft JWT

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Fetch and verify a Microsoft JWT from the Authorization header. This helper method simplifies the process of validating Microsoft identity tokens.

```swift
// Fetch and verify Microsoft JWT from Authorization header.
app.get("microsoft") { req async throws -> HTTPStatus in
    let token = try await req.jwt.microsoft.verify()
    print(token) // MicrosoftIdentityToken
    return .ok
}
```

--------------------------------

### Add JWT Dependency to Package.swift

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Include the JWT package in your project's Package.swift file to use JWT functionality.

```swift
// swift-tools-version:5.10
import PackageDescription

let package = Package( 
    name: "my-app",
    dependencies: [
        // Other dependencies...
        .package(url: "https://github.com/vapor/jwt.git", from: "5.0.0"),
    ],
    targets: [
        .target(name: "App", dependencies: [
            // Other dependencies...
            .product(name: "JWT", package: "jwt")
        ]),
        // Other targets...
    ]
)

```

--------------------------------

### Verifying JWT from Incoming Request

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

This snippet demonstrates how to verify a JWT from an incoming request's `Authorization` header. The `req.jwt.verify` helper automatically parses the token, verifies its signature and claims, and throws a 401 error if any step fails. The verified payload can then be used within your application.

```APIDOC
## GET /me

### Description
Verifies the JWT from the `Authorization` header and returns the payload.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
`/me`

### Parameters
#### Query Parameters
None

#### Request Body
None

### Request Example
```http
GET /me HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ2YXBvciIsImV4cCI6NjQwOTIyMTEyMDAsImFkbWluIjp0cnVlfQ.lS5lpwfRNSZDvpGQk6x5JI1g40gkYCOWqbc3J_ghowo
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Returns `200 OK` if the JWT is valid. The payload is printed to the console.

#### Response Example
```json
TestPayload(
    subject: "vapor", 
    expiration: 4001-01-01 00:00:00 +0000,
    isAdmin: true
)
```
```

--------------------------------

### Verify JWT from Incoming Request

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Fetches and verifies a JWT from the Authorization header of an incoming request. Throws a 401 Unauthorized error if verification fails.

```swift
// Fetch and verify JWT from incoming request.
app.get("me") { req async throws -> HTTPStatus in
    let payload = try await req.jwt.verify(as: TestPayload.self)
    print(payload)
    return .ok
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Microsoft App Identifier for JWT

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Specify the application identifier for Microsoft JWT authentication. This configuration is a prerequisite for verifying Microsoft tokens.

```swift
// Configure Microsoft app identifier.
app.jwt.microsoft.applicationIdentifier = "..."
```

--------------------------------

### Adding ECDSA Keys

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

This section covers adding ECDSA keys, which use asymmetric cryptography (public/private key pairs). Vapor supports ES256, ES384, and ES512 algorithms. Keys can be added from PEM format or generated randomly.

```APIDOC
## Add ECDSA Key

### Description
Adds an ECDSA key pair for asymmetric signing and verification.

### Method
`app.jwt.keys.add` overload for ECDSA

### Parameters
- **ecdsa** (ECDSAKey) - An instance of `ES256PublicKey`, `ES384PublicKey`, `ES512PublicKey`, `ES256PrivateKey`, `ES384PrivateKey`, or `ES512PrivateKey`.

### Code Example (from PEM)
```swift
let ecdsaPublicKey = """
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE2adMrdG7aUfZH57aeKFFM01dPnkx
C18ScRb4Z6poMBgJtYlVtd9ly63URv57ZW0Ncs1LiZB7WATb3svu+1c7HQ==
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
"""

// Initialize an ECDSA key with public PEM.
let key = try ES256PublicKey(pem: ecdsaPublicKey)
await app.jwt.keys.add(ecdsa: key)
```

### Code Example (generated)
```swift
// Generate a random private key.
let key = ES256PrivateKey()
await app.jwt.keys.add(ecdsa: key)
```
```

--------------------------------

### Adding EdDSA Keys

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

This section details how to add EdDSA keys, another asymmetric algorithm based on Edwards-curve. Vapor supports the EdDSA algorithm using the Ed25519 curve. Keys can be created from coordinates or generated randomly.

```APIDOC
## Add EdDSA Key

### Description
Adds an EdDSA key pair for asymmetric signing and verification using the Ed25519 curve.

### Method
`app.jwt.keys.add` overload for EdDSA

### Parameters
- **eddsa** (EdDSAKey) - An instance of `EdDSA.PublicKey` or `EdDSA.PrivateKey`.

### Code Example (from coordinates)
```swift
let publicKey = try EdDSA.PublicKey(x: "0ZcEvMCSYqSwR8XIkxOoaYjRQSAO8frTMSCpNbUl4lE", curve: .ed25519)

let privateKey = try EdDSA.PrivateKey(d: "d1H3/dcg0V3XyAuZW2TE5Z3rhY20M+4YAfYu/HUQd8w=", curve: .ed25519)

await app.jwt.keys.add(eddsa: privateKey)
```

### Code Example (generated)
```swift
// Generate a random private key.
let key = EdDSA.PrivateKey(curve: .ed25519)
await app.jwt.keys.add(eddsa: key)
```
```

--------------------------------

### Add HMAC Key with Kid

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Add an HMAC key with a specified digest algorithm and a key identifier (kid). If no kid is provided, it becomes the default key.

```swift
// Add HMAC with SHA-256 key named "a".
await app.jwt.keys.add(hmac: "foo", digestAlgorithm: .sha256, kid: "a")
```

--------------------------------

### Verify Apple JWT

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Fetch and verify an Apple JWT from the Authorization header. This helper simplifies the process of validating user identity.

```swift
// Fetch and verify Apple JWT from Authorization header.
app.get("apple") { req async throws -> HTTPStatus in
    let token = try await req.jwt.apple.verify()
    print(token) // AppleIdentityToken
    return .ok
}
```

--------------------------------

### Adding HMAC Keys

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

This section explains how to add HMAC keys for signing and verifying JWTs. HMAC is a symmetric algorithm requiring a shared secret. Vapor supports HS256, HS384, and HS512.

```APIDOC
## Add HMAC Key

### Description
Adds a secret key for HMAC signing and verification.

### Method
`app.jwt.keys.add` overload for HMAC

### Parameters
- **hmac** (String) - The secret key string.
- **digestAlgorithm** (HMACDigestAlgorithm) - The SHA algorithm to use (e.g., `.sha256`, `.sha384`, `.sha512`).

### Code Example
```swift
// Add an HS256 key.
await app.jwt.keys.add(hmac: "secret", digestAlgorithm: .sha256)
```
```

--------------------------------

### Add Multiple JWKs from JSON

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Add multiple JSON Web Keys (JWKs) to the key collection by providing a JSON string containing an array of keys. This is useful for managing multiple signing keys.

```swift
let json = """
{
    "keys": [
        {"kty": "RSA", "alg": "RS256", "kid": "a", "n": "\(rsaModulus)", "e": "AQAB"},
        {"kty": "RSA", "alg": "RS512", "kid": "b", "n": "\(rsaModulus)", "e": "AQAB"},
    ]
}
"""

try await app.jwt.keys.use(jwksJSON: json)
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Apple App Identifier for JWT

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Set the application identifier for Apple JWT authentication. This is required before verifying tokens.

```swift
// Configure Apple app identifier.
app.jwt.apple.applicationIdentifier = "..."
```

--------------------------------

### Define Custom JWT Payload Structure

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Create a custom structure conforming to JWTPayload to define the data and verification logic for your JWTs. This includes mapping Swift property names to JWT claim keys and implementing custom verification.

```swift
// JWT payload structure.
struct TestPayload: JWTPayload {
    // Maps the longer Swift property names to the
    // shortened keys used in the JWT payload.
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case subject = "sub"
        case expiration = "exp"
        case isAdmin = "admin"
    }

    // The "sub" (subject) claim identifies the principal that is the
    // subject of the JWT.
    var subject: SubjectClaim

    // The "exp" (expiration time) claim identifies the expiration time on
    // or after which the JWT MUST NOT be accepted for processing.
    var expiration: ExpirationClaim

    // Custom data.
    // If true, the user is an admin.
    var isAdmin: Bool

    // Run any additional verification logic beyond
    // signature verification here.
    // Since we have an ExpirationClaim, we will
    // call its verify method.
    func verify(using algorithm: some JWTAlgorithm) async throws {
        try self.expiration.verifyNotExpired()
    }
}

```

--------------------------------

### Verify Google JWT

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Fetch and verify a Google JWT from the Authorization header. This function streamlines the validation of Google identity tokens.

```swift
// Fetch and verify Google JWT from Authorization header.
app.get("google") { req async throws -> HTTPStatus in
    let token = try await req.jwt.google.verify()
    print(token) // GoogleIdentityToken
    return .ok
}
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Random ECDSA Private Key

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Generates a new random ECDSA private key. Useful for testing purposes when a real key is not required.

```swift
let key = ES256PrivateKey()
```

--------------------------------

### Configure HMAC Key for JWT

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Add an HMAC key with SHA-256 digest algorithm to the JWT key collection in your application's configuration.

```swift
import JWT

// Add HMAC with SHA-256 signer.
await app.jwt.keys.add(hmac: "secret", digestAlgorithm: .sha256)

```

--------------------------------

### Add HMAC Key for JWT Signing

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Adds an HMAC secret key to the keychain for signing JWTs using the HS256 algorithm.

```swift
// Add an HS256 key.
await app.jwt.keys.add(hmac: "secret", digestAlgorithm: .sha256)
```

--------------------------------

### Sign JWT with Specific Kid

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Sign a JWT payload using a specific key identifier (kid) from the key collection.

```swift
let token = try await req.jwt.sign(payload, kid: "a")
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Random EdDSA Private Key

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Generates a new random EdDSA private key for the Ed25519 curve. Useful for testing.

```swift
let key = EdDSA.PrivateKey(curve: .ed25519)
```

--------------------------------

### Add RSA Key to Key Collection

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Add an RSA key to the application's JWT key collection, specifying the digest algorithm. This key can then be used for signing and verifying JWTs.

```swift
await app.jwt.keys.add(rsa: key, digestAlgorithm: .sha256)
```

--------------------------------

### Add EdDSA Key to Keychain

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Adds an EdDSA key to the application's keychain for JWT signing or verification.

```swift
await app.jwt.keys.add(eddsa: key)
```

--------------------------------

### Sign JWT Payload in Route Handler

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Sign a custom JWT payload within a Vapor route handler. The signed token is returned as a string in the response.

```swift
app.post("login") { req async throws -> [String: String] in
    let payload = TestPayload(
        subject: "vapor",
        expiration: .init(value: .distantFuture),
        isAdmin: true
    )
    return try await ["token": req.jwt.sign(payload)]
}

```

--------------------------------

### Add ECDSA Key to Keychain

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Adds an ECDSA key (public or private) to the application's keychain for JWT signing or verification.

```swift
await app.jwt.keys.add(ecdsa: key)
```

--------------------------------

### Add PSS Key to Key Collection

Source: https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/security/jwt

Add an RSA-PSS key to the JWT key collection, specifying the digest algorithm. PSS is a more secure padding scheme than PKCS1v1.5.

```swift
await app.jwt.keys.add(pss: key, digestAlgorithm: .sha256)
```

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