### Initialize Total.js, Register Route, and Launch Server

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Mx61f

This JavaScript code snippet demonstrates the initialization of the Total.js framework, registers a simple GET route for the root path that returns a JSON message, and sets up a WebSocket route. Finally, it launches the web server. Ensure Total.js is installed via npm.

```javascript
// Initializes Total.js framework 5
require('total5');

// Registers a route
ROUTE('GET /', function($) {
    // $ {Controller}
    $.json({ message: 'Hello world' });
});

// Registers a WebSocket route
ROUTE('SOCKET /', function($) {

    // $ {Controller}

    $.on('open', function(client) {
        client.send({ message: 'Hello' });
    });

    $.on('message', function(client, message) {
        console.log(message);
    });

});

// Launches a web server
Total.http({ load: 'none' });
```

--------------------------------

### Install Dependencies for LessCode

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Mx61f

This command installs the necessary Node.js dependencies for the LessCode project. It is a one-time setup step executed within the LessCode directory. Requires Node.js and npm to be installed.

```bash
# This can be executed only once:

$ cd lesscode
$ npm install
```

--------------------------------

### Run LessCode Application

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Mx61f

These commands execute the LessCode application after dependencies have been installed. Users can choose to run the app directly using `node index.js` or via an npm script with `npm start`. This starts the local development server.

```bash
$ node index.js
# or
# $ npm start
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Configuration Setup in Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1fx60f

Demonstrates a basic configuration file setup in Total.js, including common keys like name, version, and author. The configuration is read-only and loaded during framework initialization.

```Total.js
name                         : My Web Site name
version                      : 1.01
author                       : Peter Sirka
secret                       : mySECRET1.01
default_image_quality        : 96
:# Additional configuration keys and values...
```

--------------------------------

### Example Resource File Structure

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1tx60f

This is an example of a plain-text resource file with key-value pairs. Comments are supported and values can include HTML tags. Resource files are loaded into memory and are read-only.

```resource
key1           : value1

// comment
key2           : value2
key3           : <b>with the tag</b>
```

--------------------------------

### Type Detection Examples in Total.js Configuration

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1fx60f

Provides examples of how Total.js detects and converts configuration values into numbers and booleans, highlighting cases where automatic conversion does not occur due to formatting.

```Total.js
will_be_number_1      : 123          # Parsed as number
will_be_number_2      : 0.3          # Parsed as number (float)
will_not_be_number_1  : 0123         # Not parsed as a number due to leading zero
will_not_be_number_2  : 0,3          # Not parsed due to comma

will_be_boolean_1     : true         # Parsed as boolean
will_be_boolean_2     : false        # Parsed as boolean
```

--------------------------------

### WebSocket Client Setup - Total.js JavaScript

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Dx60f

Demonstrates basic WebSocketClient usage for connecting to WebSocket servers and handling connection events. Shows connection setup, event listeners for open/close/error/message events, and basic message handling. Requires WebSocketClient module and valid WebSocket server endpoint.

```javascript
WEBSOCKETCLIENT(function(client) {

    // client.connect(url, [protocol], [origin]);
    client.connect('ws://127.0.0.1:8000/');

    client.on('open', function() {
        console.log('OPEN');
    });

    client.on('close', function() {
        console.log('CLOSE');
    });

    client.on('error', function(e) {
        console.log('ERROR', e);
    });

    client.on('message', function(message) {
        console.log('MESSAGE', message);
    });

});
```

--------------------------------

### Module-Specific Configuration in Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1fx60f

Illustrates how to define custom configuration options for modules in Total.js. This example configures a 'monitor' module with a specific URL.

```Total.js
:# Custom configuration for a module
module#monitor     (Object)  : { url: '/mymonitor/' }
```

--------------------------------

### Controller Method Examples in Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1dx60f

Illustrates common controller methods in Total.js for sending responses and managing requests. This includes sending plain text, JSON, HTML, files, and handling redirects.

```javascript
____controller.text(value);
____controller.json(obj, [beautify], [replacer]);
____controller.html(body, [headers]);
____controller.file(filename, [download], [headers], [callback]);
____controller.redirect(url, [permanent]);
```

--------------------------------

### Use Total.js as utility script

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Lx60f

Example showing how to use Total.js framework functionality in standalone utility scripts. Demonstrates slug conversion functionality.

```javascript
// This code includes Total.js parts to your script
require('total5');

console.log('Peter Širka'.slug());
// Output: peter-sirka
```

--------------------------------

### Run Total.js web application

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Lx60f

Start script for running a Total.js web application. Includes configuration options for IP, port, unix socket, cluster, and more. Supports both debug and release modes.

```javascript
// ===================================================
// Total.js v5 start script
// https://www.totaljs.com
// ===================================================

require('total5');

const options = {};

// options.ip = '127.0.0.1';
// options.port = parseInt(process.argv[2]);
// options.unixsocket = PATH.join(F.tmpdir, 'app_name.socket');
// options.unixsocket777 = true;
// options.config = { name: 'Total.js' };
// options.sleep = 3000;
// options.inspector = 9229;
// options.watch = ['private'];
// options.livereload = 'https://yourhostname';
// options.watcher = true; // enables watcher for the release mode only controlled by the app `F.restart()`
// options.edit = 'wss://www.yourcodeinstance.com/?id=projectname'
options.release = process.argv.includes('--release');

// Service mode:
options.servicemode = process.argv.includes('--service') || process.argv.includes('--servicemode');
// options.servicemode = 'definitions,modules,config';

// Cluster:
// options.tz = 'utc';
// options.cluster = 'auto';
// options.limit = 10; // max 10. threads (works only with "auto" scaling)

Total.run(options);
```

--------------------------------

### Total.js Chunker Usage Example

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1xx60f

Demonstrates how to use the Total.js Chunker to temporarily store and process imported data. It shows initializing a chunker, writing data from a stream, and iterating through the stored chunks.

```javascript
var chunker = U.chunker('products', 50);
// chunker === instance

somestream.on('data', U.streamer('<product>', '</product>', function(value, index) {

    var product = value.parseXML();

    // The chunker creates multiple files with a maximum count of chunks/items (in this case: 50 products)
    chunker.write(product);

}));

somestream.on('end', function() {

    // Flushs buffer
    chunker.end();

    chunker.each(function(items, next, index) {

        console.log(chunker.percentage);

        // here we can update DB

        // ....
        // ....

        // Read next items
        next();

    }, function() {

        // This method is called if the chunker doesn't contain any other items (optional).

        // Cleans up hdd (removes all files) and memory
        chunker.destroy();

    });

});
```

--------------------------------

### Accessing Configuration Values in Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1fx60f

Shows how to read configuration values in a Total.js application using the CONF object. This example accesses the 'name' and 'version' keys from the config file.

```JavaScript
console.log(CONF.$name); // Outputs: "My Web Site name"
console.log(CONF.version); // Outputs: "1.01"
```

--------------------------------

### Create and Send Email Message

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1ix61f

Shows how to create an email message using Mail.create() and configure various properties. The example demonstrates chaining methods to set recipients, attachments, and other email properties before sending. Supports both direct sending and queuing through callback functions.

```javascript
// Creating a new mail message
var message = Mail.create('Welcome', 'Hello World');

// Configuring message properties
message.to('recipient@example.com', 'Recipient Name');
message.from('sender@example.com', 'Sender Name');
message.attachment('path/to/file.pdf', 'document.pdf');

// Sending the message
message.send2();
```

--------------------------------

### Load, Resize, Grayscale, and Save Image with Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1jx60f

This example demonstrates loading an image from a readable stream, resizing it to fit within a 200x200 area centered, converting it to grayscale, and then saving the modified image to a file. It utilizes the global `Image` object provided by the Total.js framework.

```javascript
var image = Image.load(fs.createReadStream('/users/petersirka/desktop/header.jpg'));
image.resizeCenter(200, 200);
image.grayscale();
image.save('filename');
```

--------------------------------

### Define a route and a custom operation for loading lookup data (JavaScript)

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV22x61f

Shows how to set up a GET route that maps to a custom operation 'cl'. The operation queries the database for country, currency, and gender data, assigns them to response properties, and invokes the callback. Demonstrates use of DBMS, find, set, and $.callback.

```JavaScript
exports.install = function() {
    ROUTE('GET /api/cl/  *  --> cl');
};

NEWOPERATION('cl', function($) {

    var db = DBMS();
    db.find('cl_country').set('countries');
    db.find('cl_currency').set('currencies');
    db.find('cl_gender').set('genders');
    db.callback($.callback);

});
```

--------------------------------

### Serve Specific Files with Total.js File Routing

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV27x60f

Provides examples of Total.js file routing for serving specific types of files, such as all documents or JPEG images, from designated paths.

```javascript
// Example
// File: /controllers/example.js

exports.install = function() {
    ROUTE('FILE /documents/*.*', handle_documents);
    ROUTE('FILE /images/*.jpg',  handle_images);
};

function handle_documents($) {
    // "$" is a "Controller" instance
    $.file('/path/to/file.pdf');
}

function handle_images($) {
    // "$" is a "Controller" instance
    // your code
}
```

--------------------------------

### Translated Resource File Example (Comment)

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2ex61f

This shows a translated version of the resource file, where the original English text has been replaced with localized content (e.g., Slovak). The hashed keys remain the same, ensuring the translations are correctly mapped.

```comment
// Total.js translation file
// Created: 2020-12-04 10:32

// index.html
T1c4854        : Titulok
T1y5ksfx       : Ahoj svet!
Tpfol3         : Total.js je webový framework pre Node.js

// IMPORTANT: This line was created manually
message        : Priame čítanie
```

--------------------------------

### Total.js API Request Example

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Zx60f

Illustrates the structure of a POST request to a Total.js API endpoint. It includes the 'schema' field to specify the operation and dynamic arguments, and an optional 'data' object.

```json
POST /api/
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "schema": "schema_name/{dynamic_arg_1}/{dynamic_arg_2}?query=arguments",
    "data": {}
}
```

--------------------------------

### Register and Run FlowStream Components in JavaScript

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2bx60f

This JavaScript example demonstrates registering custom FlowStream components for text transformations (uppercase and reverse), a debug component to log output, and defining a flow schema to connect them. It processes input data 'Hello world!' through the components and destroys the flow after 2 seconds. Requires Total.js FlowStream library. Inputs include component names and JSON schema; outputs are processed data to console. Limitations: Assumes synchronous data handling and single-threaded execution.

```javascript
var flow = FLOWSTREAM(); // is the same as FLOWSTREAM('default');

flow.register('uppercase', function(instance) {

    instance.inputs = [{ id: 'input', name: 'Input' }];
    instance.outputs = [{ id: 'output', name: 'Output' }];

    instance.message = function(msg) {

        msg.data = msg.data.toUpperCase();

        // sends transformed data to output "0"
        msg.send('output');

    };

});

flow.register('reverse', function(instance) {

    instance.inputs = [{ id: 'input', name: 'Input' }];
    instance.outputs = [{ id: 'output', name: 'Output' }];

    instance.message = function(msg) {

        var arr = msg.data.split('');
        arr.reverse();
        msg.data = arr.join('');

        // sends transformed data to output "0"
        msg.send('output');

    };

});

flow.register('debug', function(instance) {

    instance.inputs = [{ id: 'input', name: 'Input' }];

    instance.message = function(msg) {

        console.log(msg.data);

        // IMPORTANT: Destroys message
        msg.destroy();

    };

});

flow.use(`{
    "com1": {
        "component": "uppercase",
        "connections": {
            "output": [{ "id": "com2", "index": "input" }]
        }
    },
    "com2": {
        "component": "reverse",
        "connections": {
            "output": [{ "id": "com3", "index": "input" }]
        }
    },
    "com3": {
        "component": "debug"
    }
}`, function() {
    flow.trigger('com1__0', 'Hello world!');
    setTimeout(() => flow.destroy(), 2000);
});
```

--------------------------------

### File Routing API

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV27x60f

This section covers file routing, which is optimized for serving static files, potentially with dynamic generation. File routes only support the GET method and can be defined using wildcards to match file patterns.

```APIDOC
## File Routing

### Description
Processes and serves static files, optimized for performance. File routing only supports the `GET` method and can utilize wildcards for matching file paths.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
Examples:
`/relative/url/*.jpg`
`/documents/*.*`
`/images/*.jpg`

### Parameters
No explicit path or query parameters are defined in the basic `ROUTE` syntax for file routing.

### Request Body
Not applicable for file routing (GET method).

### Request Example
```javascript
// In /controllers/example.js
exports.install = function() {
    ROUTE('FILE /documents/*.*', handle_documents);
    ROUTE('FILE /images/*.jpg',  handle_images);
};

function handle_documents($) {
    $.file('/path/to/file.pdf');
}

function handle_images($) {
    // your image processing code
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Serves the requested file.

#### Response Example
Binary content of the requested file.
```

--------------------------------

### Generated Translation Resource File (Comment)

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2ex61f

An example of the `translate.resource` file generated by the `total5 --translate` command. It contains hashed keys (e.g., T1c4854) mapping to the original translatable text found in the views.

```comment
// Total.js translation file
// Created: 2020-12-04 10:32

// index.html
T1c4854        : Title
T1y5ksfx       : Hello world!
Tpfol3         : Total.js is web application framework for Node.js

// IMPORTANT: This line was created manually
message        : Direct reading
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Localization Dictionary (Shell)

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2ex61f

This command-line instruction shows how to generate a localization dictionary file using the Total.js CLI. After installing Total.js globally, the `--translate` flag scans the project for translatable strings and creates a resource file.

```shell
$ cd myapp
$ total5 --translate
```

--------------------------------

### Compiling and Using Flow Counter Component in JavaScript

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/It2iik1cT61f

This example shows how to define a Flow component using a script tag, compile it with NEWCOMPONENT, create an instance, and send data to it. It demonstrates basic component structure with exports, message handling, and status updates. Requires Total.js environment with NEWCOMPONENT available; no external dependencies. Inputs are message data, outputs include status objects and potential errors.

```javascript
var COUNTER = `<script total>

    exports.id = 'counter';
    exports.name = 'Counter';
    exports.group = 'Common';
    exports.version = '1';
    exports.icon = 'ti ti-calculator';
    exports.author = 'Total.js';
    exports.config = {};
    exports.inputs = [{ id: 'input', name: 'Input' }];

    exports.make = function(instance) {

        var status = { count: 0, ts: null };

        instance.message = function($) {
            status.count++;
            status.ts = NOW = new Date();
            instance.status(status, 200);
            $.destroy();
        };

        instance.status(status);

    };

</script>`;


(async function() {

    // Compile a source-code
    var Counter = await NEWCOMPONENT(COUNTER);

    // Create instance
    var counter = Counter.create({ custom: 'options' });

    // Send data
    setInterval(() => counter.input('input', { custom: 'data' }), 1000);

})();
```

--------------------------------

### Dynamic Content Routing API

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV27x60f

This section details how to define routes for dynamic content, allowing you to map HTTP requests to controller actions for generating responses like JSON or views. It supports standard HTTP methods and includes examples of REST API routing with authorization.

```APIDOC
## Dynamic Content Routing

### Description
Defines routes for dynamic content generation, mapping HTTP requests to controller actions. Supports GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE. Routes should not contain file extensions.

### Method
GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE

### Endpoint
Examples:
`/`
`/api/users/`
`/api/users/{id}/`

### Parameters
No explicit path or query parameters are defined in the basic `ROUTE` syntax, but controller actions can define their own parameters (e.g., `$`).

### Request Body
Not explicitly defined in routing syntax, but expected for methods like POST, PUT, PATCH.

### Request Example
```javascript
// In /controllers/example.js
exports.install = function() {
    // Example of REST API routing with authorization ('+')
    ROUTE('+GET    /api/users/        --> Users/query');
    ROUTE('+GET    /api/users/{id}/   --> Users/read');
    ROUTE('+POST   /api/users/        --> Users/insert');
    ROUTE('+PUT    /api/users/{id}/   --> Users/update');
    ROUTE('+PATCH  /api/users/{id}/   --> Users/patch');
    ROUTE('+DELETE /api/users/        --> Users/remove');
};
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Depends on the controller action (e.g., JSON data, rendered view).

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "message": "User data retrieved successfully"
}
```

## File Upload Routing

### Description
Handles file uploads via POST requests. Specifies maximum payload size and processes uploaded files using the `HttpFile` object.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
`/upload/`

### Parameters
#### Query Parameters
None specified.

#### Request Body
File upload data.

### Request Example
```javascript
// In /controllers/upload.js
exports.install = function() {
    ROUTE('POST /upload/ @upload <1MB', myupload); // Max. 1 MB payload size
};

function myupload($) {
    console.log($.files); // $.files contains Array of HttpFile
    $.success();
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Indicates successful processing of the upload.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "success": true
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Chained API Call with Callback in Total.js JavaScript

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2ox61f

This one-line example creates an API call and chains callback for success and error handling. It depends on the Total.js API instance and console.log for output. Parameters include service, method, and data; it handles responses via provided functions with potential error messaging.

```JavaScript
API('Payments', 'payments_insert', { amount: 100 }).callback(console.log).error('A trouble with API');
```

--------------------------------

### Define Actions with Schema in Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1ux61f

This example demonstrates how to define actions in Total.js using NEWACTION with schema declarations for validating and transforming incoming data. It includes two actions: one for reading user accounts and another for creating them. The actions handle parameters, query data, and input models correctly based on the schema.

```javascript
NEWACTION('Account/read', {
    name: 'Read user account',
    params: '*id:UID',
    query: 'output:{simple|detailed}',
    action: function($, model) {

        // "model" is alias for "$.model"

        // $.params {Object}
        // $.query {Object}
        // $.files {Array Object}
        // $.user {Object}
        // $.model {Object}

        console.log($.params);
        // output: { id: '...' }
        
        console.log($.query);
        // output: { output: 'detailed' }

        $.success();
    };
});

NEWACTION('Account/create', {
    name: 'Create user account',
    input: '*name:String, *email:Email',
    action: function($, model) {

        // "model" is alias for "$.model"

        // $.params {Object}
        // $.query {Object}
        // $.files {Array Object}
        // $.user {Object}
        // $.model {Object}

        console.log(model);
        // output: { name: 'Peter', email: 'info@totaljs.com' }

        $.success();
    };
});
```

--------------------------------

### Configure and Run Total.js Cluster Mode

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Jx60f

Enables multi-threading for Total.js applications using Node.js Cluster with the total5 framework. Configuration via options object: 'auto' enables dynamic scaling up to cluster_limit threads, while a number specifies a fixed count. WebSocket clients are isolated per instance. Note the fixed thread example contains a redundant line that would override the fixed value.

```javascript
require('total5');

const options = {};
options.cluster = 'auto';
options.cluster_limit = 10;
options.release = true;

Total.run(options);
```

```javascript
require('total5');

const options = {};
options.cluster = 5; // opens 5 threads
options.cluster = 'auto';
options.release = true;

Total.run(options);
```

--------------------------------

### Create GET request with RESTBuilder

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Cx61f

Creates a RESTBuilder instance with GET method. Data can be passed as query parameters or included in the URL. This method is ideal for retrieving data from APIs.

```javascript
RESTBuilder.GET('https://www.totaljs.com').callback(console.log);
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize OpenClient - Total.js WebSocket Wrapper

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2hx60f

Demonstrates how to create and initialize an OpenClient instance with a URL and token. The client automatically merges same connections and handles message delegation. Requires Total.js v4+0.0.50 and a valid token for authentication.

```javascript
var client = OPENCLIENT('https://opendb.yourserver.com/?token=123456');

// On message delegate
client.message(function(msg) {
    // @msg {Object}
});
```

--------------------------------

### COUNT /db.count

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2kx61f

Get the count of records in the specified database table.

```APIDOC
## COUNT /db.count

### Description
Get the count of records in the specified database table.

### Method
COUNT

### Endpoint
/db.count(name)

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **name** (string) - Required - Name of the database table

#### Request Example
```javascript
db.count('users');
```

### Response
#### Success Response
- **count** (number) - Number of records in the table

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "count": 42
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### FREE /db.free

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2kx61f

Release or free database resources and connections.

```APIDOC
## FREE /db.free

### Description
Release or free database resources and connections.

### Method
FREE

### Endpoint
/db.free()

#### Request Example
```javascript
db.free();
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Returns resource release confirmation.
```

--------------------------------

### Escaping HTML in views

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV29x60f

This example shows how the view engine automatically escapes HTML entities and how to render raw HTML using the ! syntax.

```html
@{repository.tag = 'Hello <b>World</b>'}

<div>ESCAPED: @{repository.tag}</div>
<div>RAW: @{!repository.tag}</div>
```

--------------------------------

### Database Initialization

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2kx61f

Initialize database instance for performing database operations in Total.js platform.

```APIDOC
## Database Initialization

### Description
Initialize a database instance to perform various database operations in the Total.js platform.

### Method
DATABASE INITIALIZATION

### Endpoint
DB()

### Parameters
#### Request Example
```javascript
var db = DB();
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Returns database instance object for performing database operations.
```

--------------------------------

### Setting up controller with repository and model

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV29x60f

This snippet shows how to pass data from a controller to views using both repository and model. The repository data is available globally while model data is scoped to the specific view.

```javascript
exports.install = function() {
    ROUTE('GET /', view_homepage);
};

function view_homepage() {
    var self = this;
    self.repository.firstname = 'Peter';
    self.view('my-view-name', { firstname: 'Lucia' });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Client-side error handling in Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV26x61f

Illustrates client-side error detection in Total.js using AJAX. The example checks the response for errors and logs them to the console.

```JavaScript
AJAX('GET /api/errors/', function(response) {

    // Determines error
    if (response instanceof Array && response.length && response[0].error)
        console.log(response);

});
```

--------------------------------

### Using $.invalid in Total.js Controllers

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV26x61f

Shows how to use $.invalid() within Total.js controllers to handle errors. The example conditionally returns an error message.

```JavaScript
function action($) {

    if (true) {
        $.invalid('@(Invalid operation)');
        return;
    }

    // Do something

}
```

--------------------------------

### Using $.invalid in Total.js Actions

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV26x61f

Demonstrates how to use $.invalid() within Total.js actions to respond with an error. The example checks a condition and returns an error if true.

```JavaScript
NEWACTION('name', {
    action: function($) {

        if (true) {
            $.invalid('@(Invalid operation)');
            return;
        }

        // Do something
    }
});
```

--------------------------------

### OpenClient Methods - Connection and Communication

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2hx60f

Shows the available OpenClient methods including connection management, command sending, and RPC functionality. Methods support optional filters and timeouts for advanced use cases. All methods are part of the Total.js OpenClient wrapper API.

```javascript
client.close();
client.cmd(msg, [filter], [timeout]);
client.message(fn);
client.online(fn);
client.rpc(msg, [callback], [filter], [timeout]);
```

--------------------------------

### Using sections in views

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV29x60f

This example shows how to define sections in views that can be rendered outside the main body content. Sections allow content to be injected into specific locations in layouts.

```html
<!-- This content will be rendered out of @{body} -->
@{section footer}
    <div>THIS IS FOOTER FROM THE VIEW</div>
@{end}

<h1>Homepage</h1>
<br />
```

--------------------------------

### Basic API Call Creation in Total.js JavaScript

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2ox61f

The API() method initializes an API call instance using a service name, method name, and parameters object. It requires the Total.js framework and returns an instance for further method chaining. Inputs are strings for service and method, and an object for data; outputs depend on the service implementation with no specified limitations.

```JavaScript
var api = API('Payments', 'payments_insert', { amount: 100 });
```

--------------------------------

### Defining a layout with body and sections

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV29x60f

This HTML snippet shows how to create a layout template with a body placeholder and section definitions. The layout includes meta tags, imports, and a footer view.

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    @{meta}
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=11" />
    <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />
    <meta name="robots" content="all,follow" />
    @{import('meta', 'default.css', 'default.js', 'favicon.ico')}
</head>
<body>

    <div class="content">
        @{section('panel')}
        @{body}
    </div>

    @{view('footer')}

</body>
</html>
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and use multiple PostgreSQL databases with QueryBuilder

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2jx60f

This snippet shows how to initialize and manage multiple PostgreSQL database connections using the QueryBuilder. It demonstrates setting up different database instances with unique connection strings and then querying tables from these specific databases by prefixing the table name with the database alias. This is useful for applications managing data across several PostgreSQL instances.

```javascript
const QPG = require('querybuilderpg');

QPG.init('default', 'postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/database1');
QPG.init('db2', 'postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/database2');
QPG.init('db3', 'postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/database3');

DATA.find('tbl_user').callback(console.log);     // --> default
DATA.find('db2/tbl_user').callback(console.log); // --> db2
DATA.find('db3/tbl_user').callback(console.log); // --> db3
```

--------------------------------

### Mail Module FAQ

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1ix61f

Frequently asked questions regarding sending mail messages and configuration.

```APIDOC
## Mail Module FAQ

### Description
Answers to common questions about using the Total.js Mail module.

### Questions

- **How can I send mail messages?**
  Configure your SMTP server in the `config` file and then use the `MAIL('recipient', 'subject', 'template_path')` global function or the `Mail.send()` / `Mail.send2()` methods.

- **What is the configuration for Gmail, Office or Zoho?**
  You will need to find the specific SMTP server details (host, port, security settings) for your email provider. For services like Gmail, you might need to enable 'less secure app access' or generate an 'app password' if 2-factor authentication is enabled. Consult your email provider's documentation for their SMTP settings.
```

--------------------------------

### Creating views with meta and nested views

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV29x60f

This HTML snippet demonstrates how to define views with meta information and embed other views. It shows both single-line and multi-line view commands.

```html
@{meta('Title', 'Description (optional)', 'Keywords (optional)')}

<div>Hello World!</div>

@{view('products', [{ name: 'A', price: 23.32 }, { name: 'B', price: 32.10 }])}
@{view('users', model)}

<!-- You can define multi-line command -->
@{view('products', [{ name: 'A', price: 23.32 },
                    { name: 'B', price: 32.10 },
                    { name: 'C', price: 15.22 }])}
```

--------------------------------

### Handling 'end' Event for FlowMessage in Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2cx61f

This example shows how to attach an event listener to the 'end' event of a FlowMessage. This is useful for performing actions or cleanup when a message has been fully processed or its lifecycle is ending within the Total.js Flow.

```javascript
flowmessage.on('end', function(msg) { 
    // Code to execute when the message ends
});
```

--------------------------------

### Total.js File Routing for Static Assets

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV27x60f

Illustrates how to implement file routing in Total.js to serve static files, including wildcard matching for specific file types or all files within a directory.

```javascript
ROUTE('FILE /relative/url/*.jpg', action_fn);
```

--------------------------------

### Route to static files in TotalJS Total5

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV29x60f

Illustrates how to create routes to static files like JavaScript and CSS, including merging multiple files.

```html
<!-- It will create a tag <script>, and the `src` attribute will be routed to `/js/ui.js` -->
@{import('ui.js')}

<!-- It will create a tag <link>, and the `href` attribute will be routed to `/css/ui.css` -->
@{import('ui.css')}

<!-- It supports merging files -->
@{import('default.css + ui.css')}
```

--------------------------------

### Handling Service Delegate for Component in JavaScript

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/It2iik1cT61f

Example of registering a service delegate that calls component.service on all instances when a 'service' event occurs. This triggers maintenance or periodic actions in Flow components. Depends on Total.js ON event system and component instance; no direct I/O specified.

```javascript
ON('service', counter => component.service(counter));
```

--------------------------------

### Define and Run a Download Task in Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV24x61f

This JavaScript code defines a custom 'Download' task using the NEWTASK function. The task sequentially downloads content from provided URLs using RESTBuilder.GET. It includes error handling and manages asynchronous operations using callbacks and $.next(). The task is then executed using TASK('Download/init') with a list of URLs.

```javascript
NEWTASK('Download', function(push) {

    push('init', function($) {
        // you can extend "$" by your needs:
        $.output = [];
        $.next('delay');
    });

    push('delay', function($) {
        setTimeout($.next2('download'), 1000);
    });

    push('download', function($, value) {

        // value is alias for "$.value"

        var url = value.shift();
        if (url == null) {
            // End of TaskBuilder and send the value to the callback
            $.end($.output);
            return;
        }

        RESTBuilder.GET(url).callback(function(err, response, output) {

            if (err) {
                // Unhandled error
                // Go back
                $.value.push(url);
            } else
                $.output.push(output.response);

            $.next('delay');
        });

    });

});

// Run task
TASK('Download/init', function(err, response) {
    console.log(err, response);
}, null, ['https://www.totaljs.com', 'https://www.google.com', 'https://nodejs.org']);
```

--------------------------------

### Find data using QueryBuilder

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2jx60f

This example demonstrates how to find data using the QueryBuilder's ORM for the TextDB driver. It filters data based on a specified field and value, then logs the result using a callback function. This is a basic usage pattern for querying embedded NoSQL data.

```javascript
DATA.find('nosql/frameworks').where('id', 'Total.js').callback(console.log);
```

--------------------------------

### Sample JSON output of the 'cl' operation

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV22x61f

Illustrates the response format returned by the 'cl' operation, containing arrays for countries, currencies, and genders.

```JSON
{
    "countries": [...],
    "currencies": [...],
    "genders": [...]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Utils Object Documentation

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV1hx60f

This section details the properties and methods available within the Total.js Utils object.

```APIDOC
## Utils Object

### Description
The `Utils` object (aliased as `U.`) in Total.js provides a comprehensive set of utility and helper methods for various programming tasks.

### Properties
- **U.DAYS**: (Object) - Represents days of the week.
- **U.MONTHS**: (Object) - Represents months of the year.
- **U.success**: (Function) - Likely a function related to success indicators or callbacks.

### Methods
- **U.atob(value)**: Decodes a Base64 encoded string.
- **U.btoa(value)**: Encodes a string to Base64.
- **U.chunker(name, [max])**: Splits a string or array into chunks.
- **U.clone(source, [skip])**: Creates a deep clone of an object.
- **U.combine([param..1], [param..2], [param..n])**: Combines multiple arguments into a single value or structure.
- **U.connect(opt, callback)**: Establishes a connection with given options.
- **U.convert62(number)**: Converts a number to a base 62 string.
- **U.copy(source, [target])**: Copies properties from a source object to a target object.
- **U.decodeURIComponent(value)**: Decodes a URI component encoded string.
- **U.decrypt_crypto(type, key, buffer)**: Decrypts data using a specified crypto type and key.
- **U.decrypt_data(value, key, [encode])**: Decrypts data using a key.
- **U.decrypt_uid(value, [key])**: Decrypts a UID.
- **U.destroystream(stream)**: Destroys a stream.
- **U.diffarr(name, arr_db, arr_form)**: Compares two arrays and returns differences.
- **U.distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2)**: Calculates the distance between two geographical points.
- **U.encrypt_crypto(type, key, buffer)**: Encrypts data using a specified crypto type and key.
- **U.encrypt_data(value, key, [encode])**: Encrypts data using a key.
- **U.encrypt_uid(value, [key])**: Encrypts a UID.
- **U.etag(value, [version])**: Generates an ETag for a value.
- **U.EventEmitter2(obj)**: Creates an EventEmitter instance.
- **U.extend(target, source, [rewrite])**: Extends a target object with properties from a source object.
- **U.filestreamer(filename, onbuffer, [onend], [buffer_size])**: (new) Reads a file in chunks.
- **U.from62(val)**: Converts a base 62 string to a number.
- **U.get(obj, path)**: Retrieves a value from an object using a path.
- **U.getContentType(extension)**: Gets the MIME type for a file extension.
- **U.getExtension(path)**: Gets the file extension from a path.
- **U.getExtensionFromContentType(type)**: (new) Gets the file extension from a MIME type.
- **U.getName(path)**: Gets the filename from a path.
- **U.groupify(id, [length])**: Groups items by an ID.
- **U.guid([max])**: Generates a GUID.
- **U.httpstatus(code, [addCode])**: Returns an HTTP status message for a given code.
- **U.isDate(value)**: Checks if a value is a valid date.
- **U.join(path)**: Joins path segments.
- **U.json2replacer(key, value)**: A replacer function for JSON stringification.
- **U.keywords(content, [forSearch], [alternative], [max_count], [max_length], [min_length])**: Extracts keywords from content.
- **U.link(path1, path2, pathN)**: Joins multiple path segments into a single path.
- **U.ls(path, callback, [filter])**: Lists directory contents asynchronously.
- **U.ls2(path, callback, [filter])**: An alternative method for listing directory contents asynchronously.
- **U.minify_css(value)**: Minifies CSS code.
- **U.minify_html(value)**: Minifies HTML code.
- **U.minify_js(value)**: Minifies JavaScript code.
- **U.noop()**: A function that does nothing.
- **U.normalize(path)**: Normalizes a file path.
- **U.onfinished(stream, fn)**: Executes a function when a stream finishes.
- **U.parseBoolean(value, [def])**: Parses a string into a boolean.
- **U.parseFloat(value, [def])**: Parses a string into a float.
- **U.parseInt(value, [def])**: Parses a string into an integer.
- **U.parseXML(value, [replace])**: Parses an XML string.
- **U.path(url, [delimiter])**: Extracts the path from a URL.
- **U.pmam(hours)**: Converts hours to AM/PM format.
- **U.querify([url], data)**: Creates a query string from an object.
- **U.queue(name, limit, processor, [param])**: Manages a queue of tasks.
- **U.random_number(max)**: Generates a random number up to a maximum.
- **U.random_string(max)**: Generates a random string of a specified length.
- **U.random_text(max)**: (new) Generates random text.
- **U.random([max], [min])**: Generates a random number within a range.
- **U.reader([items])**: Creates a reader for items.
- **U.reduce(source, prop, [reverse])**: Reduces an array or object to a single value.
- **U.resolve(url, [callback])**: Resolves a URL.
- **U.set(obj, path, value)**: Sets a value in an object using a path.
- **U.streamer(beg, [end], fn, [skip], [stream])**: Creates a stream processor.
- **U.streamer2(beg, [end], fn, [skip], [stream])**: An alternative stream processor.
- **U.toError(err)**: Converts a value to an Error object.
- **U.toURLEncode(value)**: Encodes a string for URL.
- **U.trim(obj, [clean])**: Trims whitespace from a string or object properties.
- **U.uidr()**: Generates a unique ID.
- **U.wait(validator, callback, [timeout], [interval])**: Waits for a condition to be met.
```

--------------------------------

### Declare HTML Flow Component with Server-Side Logic

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2dx60f

Declares an HTML-based Flow component with server-side logic using the `<script total>` tag. It defines component metadata, inputs, outputs (including transform types), dependencies, and lifecycle methods like `install`, `uninstall`, and `make` for instance-specific logic.

```html
<!-- Server side code -->
<script total>

    exports.name = 'Print';
    exports.group = 'Common';
    exports.version = '3';
    exports.icon = 'fa fa-print';
    exports.author = 'Your Company Name';
    exports.config = { repo: false, data: true };
    exports.inputs = [{ id: 'input', name: 'Input' }];

    // type: transform - uses dashed line, sending data to the transform output is done using:
    // instance.transform('output name', { data }, function(data){}))
    // see https://docs.totaljs.com/total4/IbGpBV2dx60f/#pvnl001pr41d
    exports.outputs = [{ id: 'output', name: 'Output' }, { id: 'transform', name: 'Transform', type: 'transform' }];
    
    // optional, npm dependencies
    exports.npm = ['npm_module'];
    
    // optional
    // settingswidth - width of the settings form, default is 800px
    // readonly - disables editing/cloning/copying
    // singleton - only allows a single instance
    // remove: false - disables removing of the component from the UI
    // hidden - after dropping the component into the designer the component disappears
    //         to change settings use "Gear icon" menu --> Active nodes
    exports.meta = { settingswidth: 1200, readonly: false, singleton: false, hidden: false, remove: true };

    exports.install = function() {
        // Optional
        // It's executed when the component is installed into the Flow
    };

    exports.uninstall = function() {
        // Optional
        // It's executed when the component is being uninstalled from the Flow
    };

    exports.make = function(instance, config) {
        instance.message = function($) {

            var data = $.data;

            // some logic here
        };
        instance.call = ...;
        instance.trigger = ...};
    };

    // optional, global alternative to above instance.call
    // instance.call cannot be used before the instance is created
    exports.call = function(data, callback) {
        // this === {FlowStreamInstance}
        // an example to return a list of filtered instances
        var coms = this.instances().filter(/* some filter logic here*/);
        // this.instances() --> https://docs.totaljs.com/total4/IbGpBV2bx60f/#5aecd001er51c
        callback(coms);
    };

</script>
```

--------------------------------

### Client-side API Call using API()

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Zx60f

Demonstrates how to make an API call from the client-side using the `API()` method. This method requires a relative URL endpoint for each call and takes a callback function to handle the response.

```javascript
API('/api/ users_query?page=2', function(response) {
    console.log('Users:', response);
});
```

--------------------------------

### TMSCLIENT Initialization in JavaScript

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV2Xx60f

Initializes a TMS client connection to a specified URL with optional token authentication. The callback receives an error, client instance, and metadata object containing publish, subscribe, and call schemas. This method is dependency-free and outputs a WebSocketClient-extended client for messaging. It requires a valid TMS server URL and may have limitations in browser environments without WebSocket support.

```javascript
// TMSCLIENT(url, [token], callback);
TMSCLIENT('https://....', function(err, client, meta) {

    // @meta {Object}
    // |---- meta.name {String}
    // |---- meta.publish {Object Array}, example: [{ id: String, schema: Object }]
    // |---- meta.subscribe {Object Array}, example: [{ id: String, schema: Object }]
    // |---- meta.call {Object Array}, example: [{ id: String, schema: Object }]

    // @client {WebSocketClient} extended WebSocketClient
});
```

--------------------------------

### Execute the custom compress operation (JavaScript)

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV22x61f

Demonstrates calling the previously defined 'compress' operation using OPERATION. Passes an object with path and filename, and handles callback to receive error and response. The response.value contains the resulting zip filename.

```JavaScript
// Compress a directory:
OPERATION('compress', { path: '/home/documents/', filename: '/home/documents.zip' }, function(err, response) {
    // response.value will be "filename"
    console.log(err, response.value);
});
```

--------------------------------

### Real-World Dynamic Routing in Total.js

Source: https://docs.totaljs.com/total5/IbGpBV27x60f

Demonstrates practical dynamic routing scenarios in Total.js, including view rendering, REST API endpoints with authorization, and custom action mapping.

```javascript
// Example
// File: /controllers/example.js

exports.install = function() {

    // View routing
    ROUTE('GET /');
    ROUTE('GET /', 'view_name');

    // Schema routing
    // Example of REST API routing
    // "+" char means that all request must be authorized
    ROUTE('+GET    /api/users/        --> Users/query');
    ROUTE('+GET    /api/users/{id}/   --> Users/read');
    ROUTE('+POST   /api/users/        --> Users/insert');
    ROUTE('+PUT    /api/users/{id}/   --> Users/update');
    ROUTE('+PATCH  /api/users/{id}/   --> Users/patch');
    ROUTE('+DELETE /api/users/        --> Users/remove');

    // Custom routing to a specific function
    ROUTE('GET /', custom_action);

};

function custom_action($) {
    // "$" is a "Controller" instance
    $.view('index');
}
```