### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/binary/BinaryRDFWriter.html

Signals that the RDF writing process is starting.

```APIDOC
## Method: start()

### Description
Signals that the RDF writing process is starting.

### Signature
`void start()`
```

--------------------------------

### Install pystardog Library

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/build-a-python-app

Install the official Stardog Python client library.

```bash
python -m pip install pystardog
```

--------------------------------

### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/AbstractRDFHandler.html

Notification that the processing has started.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Notification that the processing has started.

### Method
`void start()`

### Parameters
None

### Response
None
```

--------------------------------

### start

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/turtle/TurtleWriter.html

Signals that the RDF writing process is starting.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Signals that the RDF writing process is starting.
```

--------------------------------

### Fully Qualified Connection String Examples

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/command-line-interface

Examples of fully qualified connection strings for `stardog` commands, including server URL, database name, and options.

```text
{scheme}{host}:{port}/{databaseName};{option}={value}

```

```text
http://myserver:5820/myDb

```

```text
http://localhost:12345/myOtherDb

```

```text
http://169.175.100.5:1111/myDb;reasoning=true

```

--------------------------------

### Start Stardog Server with Upgrade Argument

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/additional-resources/migration-guide

Initiate an automatic system database upgrade to Stardog 9.0.0 by running the server start command with the --upgrade flag.

```bash
server start --upgrade

```

--------------------------------

### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/turtle/PrettyTurtleWriter.html

Signals that the RDF writing process is starting. This method must be called before any statements are handled.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Signals that the RDF writing process is starting.

Specified by:
`start` in interface `RDFHandler`

Specified by:
`start` in interface `RDFWriter`

Overrides:
`start` in class `TurtleWriter`
```

--------------------------------

### start Method

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/ForwardingRDFHandler.html

Notification that the processing has started.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Notification that the processing has started.

### Method
public void start()

### Implements
`RDFHandler.start`
```

--------------------------------

### Install Stardog CLI on Debian-Based Systems

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog/client/linux-installation

Installs the Stardog CLI package using apt-get. Adds the Stardog GPG key and repository before installation.

```bash
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install gnupg
$ curl http://packages.stardog.com/stardog.gpg.pub | sudo apt-key add
$ echo "deb http://packages.stardog.com/deb/ stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install -y stardog-cli=<version>
```

--------------------------------

### Start Stardog Server

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog/server/azure-marketplace

Navigate to the Stardog binary directory and start the Stardog server. This command may initially return a license error if the license is not yet in place.

```bash
cd /opt/stardog/bin
./stardog-admin server start
```

--------------------------------

### start Method

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/query/AbstractQueryResultHandler.html

Signals the start of query processing.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Signal that query processing is starting.

### Method
`public void start()`

### Specified by
`start` in interface `QueryResultHandler<T>`
```

--------------------------------

### Start Stardog with Docker Compose

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/docker/docker-compose

Starts the Stardog service defined in your `docker-compose.yml` file. If volumes do not exist, they are created.

```bash
docker compose up

```

--------------------------------

### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/rdfjson/RDFJSONWriter.html

Signals the start of the RDF writing process. This method should be called before any RDF data is written.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Signals that the RDF writing process is starting. This method must be called before any `handle()` or `comment()` methods are invoked.

### Method
`void start()`

### Implements
`RDFHandler.start()`
`RDFWriter.start()`
```

--------------------------------

### Query JDBC metadata examples

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/stardog-admin-cli-reference/virtual/virtual-source_metadata

Various command-line examples for querying metadata from virtual graph sources using different levels of qualification.

```bash
$ stardog-admin virtual source_metadata source.properties
```

```bash
$ stardog-admin virtual source_metadata source.properties source_schema
```

```bash
$ stardog-admin virtual source_metadata --catalog source_catalog source.properties source_schema
```

```bash
$ stardog-admin virtual source_metadata source.properties source_schema source_table
```

```bash
$ stardog-admin virtual source_metadata -c source_catalog source.properties source_schema source_table
```

--------------------------------

### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/trig/TrigWriter.html

Signals that the RDF writing process is starting. This method is part of the RDFHandler and RDFWriter interfaces.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Signals that the RDF writing process is starting.

### Signature
`public void start()`

### Implements
`RDFHandler.start`, `RDFWriter.start`

### Overrides
`TurtleWriter.start`
```

--------------------------------

### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/query/io/text/TextBooleanQueryResultWriter.html

Indicates that the writing process has begun.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Indicates that the writing process has begun.
```

--------------------------------

### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/jsonld/StreamingJSONLDWriter.html

Signals that the RDF writing process is starting. This method must be called before any RDF data is written.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Signals that the RDF writing process is starting.

Specified by:
`start` in interface `RDFHandler`

Specified by:
`start` in interface `RDFWriter`
```

--------------------------------

### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/query/io/text/csv/SPARQLCSVResultWriter.html

Indicates that writing has begun.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Indicates that writing has begun.
```

--------------------------------

### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/ForwardingRDFWriter.html

Signals that the RDF writing process is starting. This method is part of the RDFHandler and RDFWriter interfaces.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Signals that the RDF writing process is starting.

### Method
`void start()`

### Implements
* `RDFHandler.start()`
* `RDFWriter.start()`
```

--------------------------------

### Start ZooKeeper Instances

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/high-availability-cluster/installation-and-setup

Use ZooKeeper's command-line tools to start ZooKeeper nodes for the cluster. Ensure you have the correct configuration path.

```bash
$ ./zookeeper-3.8.3/bin/zkServer.sh start /path/to/zookeeper/config # on node 1
$ ./zookeeper-3.8.3/bin/zkServer.sh start /path/to/zookeeper/config # on node 2
$ ./zookeeper-3.8.3/bin/zkServer.sh start /path/to/zookeeper/config # on node 3

```

--------------------------------

### Define sample dataset and label properties

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/query-stardog/label-service

Example RDF data and configuration for label properties used in service examples.

```turtle
:Germany a :Country;
         rdfs:label "Deutschland";
         skos:prefLabel "Germany"@en, "Deutschland"@de .
:Spain a :Country;
        rdfs:label "España";
        skos:prefLabel "Spain"@en .
```

```text
label.properties="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel,http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label"
```

--------------------------------

### Start Stardog Server

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/database-administration/checkpoint

Use this command to start the Stardog server. This is used during the crisis restore process to trigger the system database restore.

```bash
$ stardog-admin server start

```

--------------------------------

### Install Stardog CLI Tools

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog

Commands to install the Stardog CLI on different operating systems.

```bash
$ brew install stardog-union/tap/stardog
```

```bash
$ curl http://packages.stardog.com/stardog.gpg.pub | sudo apt-key add
$ echo "deb http://packages.stardog.com/deb/ stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y stardog-cli
```

```bash
$ curl http://packages.stardog.com/stardog.gpg.pub | sudo rpm --import /dev/stdin
$ curl http://packages.stardog.com/rpms/stardog.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/stardog.repo
$ sudo yum install -y stardog-cli
```

```bash
$ curl https://downloads.stardog.com/stardog/stardog-cli-latest.zip --output stardog-cli-latest.zip
$ unzip stardog-cli-latest.zip
```

--------------------------------

### Start Stardog Instances

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/high-availability-cluster/installation-and-setup

Deploy Stardog instances for the cluster using the `stardog-admin server start` command. Specify the home directory and port. For cluster deployments, ensure superuser credentials are provided for ZooKeeper security and intra-cluster communication.

```bash
$ stardog-admin server start --home ~/stardog --port 5821 # on node 4
$ stardog-admin server start --home ~/stardog --port 5821 # on node 5
$ stardog-admin server start --home ~/stardog --port 5821 # on node 6

```

--------------------------------

### HTTP Request Log Entry

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/virtual-graphs/data-sources/rest-connector-configuration

Example log output showing a GET request to the configured URI.

```text
2021-03-16T10:59:38.860-0400  ... [HTTP|Req: 8] GET https://localhost:8081/WeatherForecast
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Project Directory

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/build-a-python-app

Create a new project directory and navigate into it.

```bash
mkdir python-client && cd python-client
```

--------------------------------

### Install Stardog CLI Tools

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog/index

Commands to install the Stardog CLI on various operating systems.

```bash
$ brew install stardog-union/tap/stardog
```

```bash
$ curl http://packages.stardog.com/stardog.gpg.pub | sudo apt-key add
$ echo "deb http://packages.stardog.com/deb/ stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y stardog-cli
```

```bash
$ curl http://packages.stardog.com/stardog.gpg.pub | sudo rpm --import /dev/stdin
$ curl http://packages.stardog.com/rpms/stardog.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/stardog.repo
$ sudo yum install -y stardog-cli
```

```bash
$ curl https://downloads.stardog.com/stardog/stardog-cli-latest.zip --output stardog-cli-latest.zip
$ unzip stardog-cli-latest.zip
```

--------------------------------

### Create a database from a configuration file

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/stardog-admin-cli-reference/db/db-create

Initializes an empty database using settings defined in a properties file.

```bash
$ stardog-admin db create -c database.properties
```

--------------------------------

### Stored Query Attributes Output

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/database-administration/stored-queries

Example output format for retrieving stored query attributes using `stored get`.

```text
+------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Stored Query Attribute |                            Value                            |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Description            | a stored query for unit test                                |
| Query String           | select ?p {?s ?p ?o}                                        |
| Reasoning              | true                                                        |
| Database               | typesDb                                                     |
| Creator                | user                                                        |
| Shared                 | false                                                       |
| Name                   | types                                                       |
| Annotation             | urn:typeGroups="types"                                      |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
```

--------------------------------

### Start React Development Server

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/build-a-react-app

Launch the local development server to view the application.

```bash
 yarn start
```

--------------------------------

### Implement User List Endpoint

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/developing/extending-stardog/http-server

Example implementation of a GET request handler that retrieves users and sends a JSON response.

```java
@GET
@Produces("application/json")
public void listUsers(final HttpServerExchange theExchange) {
    JsonArray aUsers = new JsonArray();

    mKernel.get().getUserManager().getAllUsers().stream()
           .map(JsonPrimitive::new)
           .forEach(aUsers::add);

    JsonObject aObj = new JsonObject();
    aObj.add(HTTPAdminProtocolConsts.COLLECTION_USERS, aUsers);

    final String aJSON = aObj.toString();

    HttpServerExchanges.Responses.contentType(theExchange, "application/json");
    HttpServerExchanges.Responses.contentLength(theExchange, aJSON.length());

    theExchange.getResponseSender().send(aJSON);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize React Project

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/build-a-react-app

Create a new React application directory using npx.

```bash
 npx create-react-app ~/stardog-react
```

--------------------------------

### Start Stardog Server on a Custom Port

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/server-administration/running-the-server

To use a port other than the default 5820, specify the desired port when running the Docker container. This example binds to port 8080.

```bash
$ docker run -v ~/stardog-home:/var/opt/stardog -p 8080:5820 stardog/stardog

```

--------------------------------

### Create a database with initial data

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/stardog-admin-cli-reference/db/db-create

Initializes a new database with a specified name and loads RDF files into the default graph.

```bash
$ stardog-admin db create -n my-database input.ttl another_file.rdf moredata.rdf.gz
```

--------------------------------

### Using Stardog CLI Commands

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog/client/macOS-installation

Once installed, you can use `stardog` and `stardog-admin` commands to interact with remote Stardog servers. Examples include querying a server and checking its status.

```bash
 # Query a remote server
 $ stardog query -s http://my-stardog-server:5820 mydb "SELECT * WHERE { ?s ?p ?o } LIMIT 10"
```

```bash
 # Check server status
 $ stardog-admin --server http://my-stardog-server:5820 server status
```

--------------------------------

### Install bash-completion on Ubuntu

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/command-line-interface

Installs the bash-completion package on Ubuntu systems using apt-get. This provides shell autocompletion capabilities.

```bash
sudo apt-get install bash-completion
```

--------------------------------

### Create Stardog home directory and add license

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog/server/docker

Prepare the Stardog home directory, which stores databases and configuration. Ensure a valid license file is placed here for the server to start. For Windows, use a Windows-style path.

```bash
mkdir -p ~/stardog-home
cp /path/to/stardog-license-key.bin ~/stardog-home/

```

--------------------------------

### Example Path Query Results

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/query-stardog/path-queries

This table shows the expected results of the path query, including the start node (x), end node (y), and the date of birth for the end node.

```text
+------------------+---------------------+------------------------+
|        x         |          y          |          date          |
+------------------+---------------------+------------------------+
| test:Kevin_Bacon | test:Gary_Sinise    |                        |
| test:Gary_Sinise | test:Robert_Redford | "1936-08-18"^^xsd:date |
|                  |                     |                        |
| test:Kevin_Bacon | test:Brad_Pitt      |                        |
| test:Brad_Pitt   | test:Robert_Redford | "1936-08-18"^^xsd:date |
|                  |                     |                        |
| test:Kevin_Bacon | test:Tom_Cruise     |                        |
| test:Tom_Cruise  | test:Robert_Redford | "1936-08-18"^^xsd:date |
+------------------+---------------------+------------------------+

```

--------------------------------

### Query Plan Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/database-administration/managing-query-performance

This is an example of a query plan that can help diagnose performance issues by identifying expensive operators like MergeJoin.

```text
MergeJoin(?person) [#391K]
+─ Sort(?person) [#391K]
|  `─ MergeJoin(?article) [#391K]
|     +─ Scan[POSC](?article, rdf:type, bench:Article) [#208K]
|     `─ Scan[PSOC](?article, dc:creator, ?person) [#898K]
`─ Scan[PSOC](?person, foaf:name, ?name) [#433K]
```

--------------------------------

### Calculate Average Path Length

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/query-stardog/stored-query-service

This example shows how to compute the average length of paths returned by a stored path query. It uses the stardog:length function within a SELECT query and groups the results by the start node.

```sparql
prefix sqs: <tag:stardog:api:sqs:>
prefix stardog: <tag:stardog:api:>

# return the average length of paths grouped by the start node
SELECT ?start (avg(stardog:length(?path)) as ?avg_length) {
    SERVICE <query://paths> {
        [] sqs:vars ?start, ?path
    }
} GROUP BY ?start

```

--------------------------------

### Create a database with configuration options

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/stardog-admin-cli-reference/db/db-create

Initializes a database with specific configuration options and initial data, using the double-dash separator to distinguish arguments.

```bash
$ stardog-admin db create -n db1 -o icv.enabled=true icv.reasoning.enabled=true -- input.ttl
```

--------------------------------

### start

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/ParserContext.html

Notification that the processing has started.

```APIDOC
## start

### Description
Notification that the processing has started.

Specified by:
`start` in interface `RDFHandler`

Overrides:
`start` in class `AbstractRDFHandler`
```

--------------------------------

### Setup Virtual Environment

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/build-a-python-app

Create and activate a Python virtual environment to manage project dependencies.

```bash
python3 -m venv env
```

```bash
source env/bin/activate
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Database with Custom Options

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/developing/programming-with-stardog/java.html

Demonstrates creating a database with specific configuration options, such as enabling full-text search.

```java
try (AdminConnection aAdminConnection = AdminConnectionConfiguration.toServer("http://localhost:5820").credentials("admin", "admin").connect()) {
	aAdminConnection.newDatabase("test")
	                .set(SearchOptions.SEARCHABLE, true)
	                .create();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Start HAProxy

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/high-availability-cluster/installation-and-setup/index

Launch the HAProxy process using the specified configuration file.

```bash
$ haproxy -f haproxy.cfg
```

--------------------------------

### Install bash-completion via MacPorts

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/command-line-interface

Installs bash-completion using MacPorts. This is an alternative to Homebrew for installing shell completion support.

```bash
sudo port install bash-completion
```

--------------------------------

### Example Properties File for External Compute

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/external-compute/vg-materialization-external-compute

This is an example properties file used for configuring external compute platforms like EMR Serverless or Spark on Kubernetes. It includes JDBC connection details and SQL schema information.

```properties
jdbc.url=jdbc:spark://adb-XXXXXX.XX.azuredatabricks.net:443/default;transportMode=http;ssl=1;AuthMech=3;httpPath=/sql/1.0/endpoints/XXXXXXX;
jdbc.username=xxxx
jdbc.password=xxxxx
jdbc.driver=com.simba.spark.jdbc.Driver
sql.schemas=*
```

--------------------------------

### Create Stardog Database

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/using-virtual-graphs

Initialize an empty database named 'music' to host the virtual graph.

```bash
stardog-admin db create -n music
```

--------------------------------

### get

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/complexible/stardog/plan/eval/service/ServiceQuery.html

Gets a configuration option of the ServiceQuery.

```APIDOC
## get

### Description
Get a configuration option of the ServiceQuery.

### Method
public final <T> T get(Option<T> theOption)

### Type Parameters
* `T` - the type of the value of the option

### Parameters
* **theOption** (Option<T>) - the option to retrieve

### Returns
the value of the option, or null if it's not set and there is no default
```

--------------------------------

### Install Stardog CLI on RPM-Based Systems

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog/client/linux-installation

Installs the Stardog CLI package using yum. Imports the GPG key and adds the repository configuration.

```bash
$ curl http://packages.stardog.com/stardog.gpg.pub -o stardog.gpg.pub
$ sudo rpm --import stardog.gpg.pub
$ curl http://packages.stardog.com/rpms/stardog.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/stardog.repo
$ sudo yum install -y stardog-cli-<version>
```

--------------------------------

### Stardog Assembler Description Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/complexible/stardog/jena/StardogModelAssembler.html

This example shows how to define a Stardog database connection using an RDF assembler description. It specifies the Stardog URL, database name, username, password, and enables reasoning.

```turtle
@prefix ja: <http://jena.hpl.hp.com/2005/11/Assembler#> .
@prefix stardog: <http://stardog.com/#> .
@prefix : <http://example.com/#> .

stardog:Database         ja:assembler "com.complexible.stardog.jena.StardogModelAssembler" .

[] a stardog:Database ;
       stardog:url <http://localhost:5820/> ;
       stardog:name "myDB" ;
       stardog:username "user" ;
       stardog:password "pass" ;
       stardog:reasoning true .

```

--------------------------------

### Create Database using Configuration File (CLI)

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/database-administration/managing-databases

Create a database using a properties file for configuration via the stardog-admin CLI.

```bash
# -n/--name option can be omitted because 'database.name' is contained in database.properties
stardog-admin db create -c database.properties
Successfully created database 'myDatabase'.
```

--------------------------------

### Quickstart Stardog Deployment on Kubernetes

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog/server/kubernetes

Use this command to quickly deploy Stardog for evaluation or development environments. Ensure the VERSION environment variable is set.

```bash
export VERSION=${VERSION}
helm repo add stardog https://stardog-oss.github.io/kube-stardog-stack
helm repo update
helm install my-stardog-stack stardog/kube-stardog-stack --version ${VERSION}

```

--------------------------------

### install

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/complexible/common/inject/Injectors.html

Installs a Guice module class into the given binder.

```APIDOC
## install

### Description
Installs a Guice module class into the given binder.

### Method Signature
`static <T> void install(com.google.inject.Binder theBinder, Class<T> theClass)`
```

--------------------------------

### Start Header

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/query/io/json/AbstractSPARQLJSONWriter.html

Protected method to start writing the header section.

```java
protected void startHeader()
```

--------------------------------

### Start Stardog with Optional SSL Support

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/security/encryption-in-transit

Use this command to start the Stardog server, allowing both HTTP and HTTPS connections. The default ports are 5820 for HTTP and 5821 for HTTPS.

```bash
stardog-admin server start --enable-ssl

```

--------------------------------

### start

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/jsonld/JSONLDWriter.html

Signals the start of the RDF writing process. This method is deprecated.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Deprecated. Signals that the RDF writing process is starting.
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize .NET Project

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/accessing-stardog-from-dotnet

Commands to create a new console application and add the required dotNetRDF package.

```bash
dotnet new console --framework net7.0 --no-restore
```

```bash
dotnet add package dotNetRDF
```

--------------------------------

### SimpleSAXParser Example XML

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/query/io/xml/SimpleSAXParser.html

This is the example XML document that will be parsed by SimpleSAXParser.

```xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<xml-doc>
  <foo a="1" b="2&amp;3"/>
  <bar>Hello World!</bar>
</xml-doc>
```

--------------------------------

### Explain Query Plan with Query File using CLI

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/getting-support

Provide the path to a query file when using the `query explain` CLI command.

```bash
stardog query explain myDatabase ~/queries/myQuery.rq
```

--------------------------------

### Schema Declaration Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/additional-resources/migration-guide

Example of schema.org domainIncludes declaration for a property.

```turtle
:Person a owl:Class .
:worksFor a owl:ObjectProperty ;
   so:domainIncludes :Person .

```

--------------------------------

### Permission Examples

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/security/security-model

Illustrates the application of the permission syntax for various actions and resources.

```text
[CREATE, “db:*”]
```

```text
[READ, “db:myDb”]
```

```text
[GRANT, “virtual-graph:virtual://myVG”]
```

```text
[READ, “named-graph:myDb\http://stardog.com/graphs/graph1”]
```

--------------------------------

### Validation Report Examples

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/data-quality-constraints

Example outputs for valid and invalid database states.

```Turtle
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .

[
a sh:ValidationReport ;
sh:conforms true
] .

```

```Turtle
@prefix : <http://stardog.com/tutorial/> .
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .


[
    a sh:ValidationReport ;
    sh:conforms false ;
    sh:result [
        a sh:ValidationResult ;
        sh:resultSeverity sh:Violation ;
        sh:sourceShape :SongLengthShape ;
        sh:sourceConstraintComponent sh:DatatypeConstraintComponent ;
        sh:focusNode :Love_Me_Do ;
        sh:resultPath :length ;
        sh:value 125.0 ;
        sh:resultMessage "Value must have datatype xsd:integer"
    ] , [
        a sh:ValidationResult ;
        sh:resultSeverity sh:Violation ;
        sh:sourceShape :AlbumDateShape ;
        sh:sourceConstraintComponent sh:MaxCountConstraintComponent ;
        sh:focusNode :Please_Please_Me ;
        sh:resultPath :date ;
        sh:resultMessage "There must be <= 1 values"
    ] , [
        a sh:ValidationResult ;
        sh:resultSeverity sh:Violation ;
        sh:sourceShape :AlbumTrackShape ;
        sh:sourceConstraintComponent sh:MinCountConstraintComponent ;
        sh:focusNode :McCartney ;
        sh:resultPath :track ;
        sh:resultMessage "There must be >= 1 values"
    ]
] .

```

--------------------------------

### Start Stardog server with Docker

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog/server/docker

Launch the Stardog server container, mounting the local Stardog home directory and mapping the default port for server access. Additional configurations for SELinux and data persistence are detailed in the documentation.

```bash
docker run -v ~/stardog-home/:/var/opt/stardog -p 5820:5820 stardog/stardog

```

--------------------------------

### Query Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/additional-resources/migration-guide

Example SPARQL query that may be affected by the reasoning optimization.

```sparql
?x a :Person ; :worksFor ?y .

```

--------------------------------

### start

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/LineSupplier.html

Starts the line reading process in a separate thread. This method returns immediately.

```APIDOC
## start

### Description
Starts the reading process. This function will return immediately and reading the input stream will be done in a thread in the `shared executor` until the stream is consumed or this supplier is `stopped`. If this function is called multiple times subsequent calls will have no effect.

### Method
`public void start() throws IOException`

### Throws
`IOException`
```

--------------------------------

### _begin()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/complexible/stardog/api/KernelDatabaseConnection.html

Protected method to begin a transaction.

```APIDOC
## _begin()

### Description
Protected method to begin a transaction.

### Method Signature
```java
protected UUID _begin() throws StardogException
```

### Throws
* `StardogException`
```

--------------------------------

### Start ZooKeeper Instances

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/high-availability-cluster/installation-and-setup/index

Initialize the ZooKeeper nodes using the standard server script provided with the ZooKeeper distribution.

```bash
$ ./zookeeper-3.8.3/bin/zkServer.sh start /path/to/zookeeper/config # on node 1
$ ./zookeeper-3.8.3/bin/zkServer.sh start /path/to/zookeeper/config # on node 2
$ ./zookeeper-3.8.3/bin/zkServer.sh start /path/to/zookeeper/config # on node 3
```

--------------------------------

### start()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/DelegatingRDFHandler.html

Notification that the processing has started. This method is called at the beginning of an RDF processing task.

```APIDOC
## start()

### Description
Notification that the processing has started.

### Method
`void start()`

### Implements
`RDFHandler.start()`
```

--------------------------------

### Database Contents Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/query-stardog/bi-tools-and-sql-queries

Example RDF data representing persons with names and nationalities.

```turtle
@prefix : <http://example.com/> .

:Alice  a :Person ;
        :name "Alice" ;
        :nationality :USA .
:Bob    a :Person ;
        :name "Bob" ;
        :nationality :UK .


```

--------------------------------

### Stardog server startup output

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/install-stardog/server/docker

Example output indicating a successful Stardog server startup within a Docker container, showing license information and network accessibility.

```text
************************************************************
 This copy of Stardog is licensed to Somebody Awesome (somebody.awesome@stardog.com), Stardog
 This is a Enterprise license
 This license will expire in 237 days on Thu Sep 17 14:05:09 GMT 2026
************************************************************

                                                             :;
                                     ;;                   `;`:
 `'+',    ::                        `++                    `;:`
 +###++,  ,#+                        `++                    .
 ##+.,',  '#+                         ++                     +
 ,##      ####++  ####+:   ##,++` .###+++   .####+    ####++++#
 `##+     ####+'  ##+#++   ###++``###'+++  `###'+++  ###`,++.,:
 ####+    ##+        ++.  ##:   ###  `++  ###  `++` ##`  ++:
 ###++,  ##+        ++,  ##`   ##;  `++  ##:   ++; ##,  ++:
     ;+++  ##+    ####++,  ##`   ##:  `++  ##:   ++' ;##'#++
     ;++  ##+   ###  ++,  ##`   ##'  `++  ##;   ++:  ####+
 ,.   +++  ##+   ##:  ++,  ##`   ###  `++  ###  .++  '#;
 ,####++'  +##++ ###+#+++` ##`   :####+++  `####++'  ;####++`
 `####+;    ##++  ###+,++` ##`    ;###:++   `###+;   `###++++
                                                     ##   `++
                                                 .##   ;++
                                                     #####++`
                                                     `;;;.
************************************************************

 Stardog server 12.0.0 started on Fri Jan 23 02:01:32 GMT 2026. 
   
 Stardog server is listening on all network interfaces.
 HTTP server available at http://localhost:5820.
 Default query executor is AUTO. 
   
 STARDOG=/opt/stardog/bin/..
   
 STARDOG_EXT=/var/opt/stardog-ext
   
 STARDOG_HOME=/var/opt/stardog/

```

--------------------------------

### Configure Database Options at Creation using CLI

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/database-administration/managing-databases

Pass configuration options to the `stardog-admin db create` command using the `-o` or `--options` flag. Options are key-value pairs separated by spaces. Use `--` after the last option if values might be misinterpreted.

```bash
stardog-admin db create -n myDatabase -o option1=value1 option2=value2 --
```

--------------------------------

### Instance Data Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/additional-resources/migration-guide

Example of instance data with type declarations and property assertions.

```turtle
:Alice a :Person ;
   :worksFor :ACME ;
:Bob :worksFor :ACME .

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Gradle Project

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/learn-java

Interactive prompts for configuring a new Gradle project for a Java application.

```text
Select type of project to generate:
  1: basic
  2: application
  3: library
  4: Gradle plugin
Enter selection (default: basic) [1..4] 2

Select implementation language:
  1: C++
  2: Groovy
  3: Java
  4: Kotlin
  5: Scala
  6: Swift
Enter selection (default: Java) [1..6] 3

Split functionality across multiple subprojects?:
  1: no - only one application project
  2: yes - application and library projects
Enter selection (default: no - only one application project) [1..2] 1

Select build script DSL:
  1: Groovy
  2: Kotlin
Enter selection (default: Groovy) [1..2] 1

Select test framework:
  1: JUnit 4
  2: TestNG
  3: Spock
  4: JUnit Jupiter
Enter selection (default: JUnit Jupiter) [1..4] 1

Project name (default: JavaStardogClient):
Source package (default: JavaStardogClient):
```

--------------------------------

### start

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/stardog/stark/io/rdfxml/RDFXMLWriter.html

Signals that the RDF writing process is starting. This method must be called before any writing operations.

```APIDOC
## start

### Description
Signals that the RDF writing process is starting. This method should be called once at the beginning of the serialization process.

### Method
`public void start() throws WritingFailed`

### Throws
* `WritingFailed` - If the writing process fails to start.
```

--------------------------------

### Create Stardog Database and Load Data

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/query-stardog/obfuscating-data

Use the stardog-admin tool to create a new database and load the sample data.

```bash
stardog-admin db create -n myDatabase sample.trig

```

--------------------------------

### Explain Query with Live Profiling

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/database-administration/managing-query-performance

Start a query with additional instrumentation for profiling and inquire about its live state using the query ID.

```bash
stardog-admin query explain -- {db} {query_id}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Stardog Server via JVM Arguments

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/security/encryption-in-transit

Alternatively, you can set SSL Keystore properties via JVM arguments when starting the Stardog server.

```bash
export STARDOG_SERVER_JAVA_ARGS="-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/path/to/my-keystore.jks -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=changeit"

```

--------------------------------

### Install HAProxy on Debian

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/high-availability-cluster/installation-and-setup/index

Use standard package management to install HAProxy on Debian-based systems.

```bash
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install haproxy
```

--------------------------------

### Executing a Select Query with Parameters and Limits

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/complexible/stardog/api/Query.html

Demonstrates how to create a SelectQuery, set parameters, apply offset and limit, execute the query, and properly close the result set. It is recommended to use parameter methods to avoid injection attacks.

```java
SelectQuery q = c.select("select * where ...");

q.parameter("foo", 12);
q.parameter("bar", false);
q.parameter("subj", s);
q.offset(10);
q.limit(250);

// run it
TupleQueryResult r = q.execute();
while (r.hasNext()) {
	// do awesome things...
	r.next();
}

// always close your query result sets! 
r.close();
```

--------------------------------

### Pass Server Startup Options

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/docker/server-configuration

Append startup flags directly to the docker run command to configure the Stardog server entrypoint.

```bash
$ docker run -v ~/stardog-home:/var/opt/stardog -p 5820:5820 \
  stardog/stardog --enable-ssl
```

```bash
$ docker run -v ~/stardog-home:/var/opt/stardog -p 5820:5820 \
  stardog/stardog --enable-ssl --bind 192.168.1.100
```

--------------------------------

### Create Stardog Database

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/accessing-stardog-from-dotnet

Establishes a server connection and recreates the database if it already exists.

```csharp
// using will automatically call Dispose() for us
using (StardogServer stardog = new StardogServer(SERVER_URL, STARDOG_USERNAME, STARDOG_PASSWORD))
{
    // if the database already exists, delete it
    if (stardog.ListStores().Contains(DATABASE_NAME))
    {
        stardog.DeleteStore(DATABASE_NAME);
    }

    IStoreTemplate template = stardog.GetDefaultTemplate(DATABASE_NAME);
    stardog.CreateStore(template);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize ZooKeeper Data Directories

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/high-availability-cluster/installation-and-setup/index

Commands to create the data directory for ZooKeeper on each node.

```bash
$ mkdir /data/zookeeperdata # on node 1
$ mkdir /data/zookeeperdata # on node 2
$ mkdir /data/zookeeperdata # on node 3
```

--------------------------------

### Verify Stardog CLI Installation

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/stardog-cloud/accessing-api-endpoint

Command to verify the Stardog CLI installation by listing databases on the server.

```bash
​​$ stardog-admin --server https://[custom-name].stardog.cloud:5820 db list -u <admin-user>
```

--------------------------------

### Install Stardog JavaScript Library

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/build-a-react-app

Navigate to the project directory and add the stardog.js dependency.

```bash
 cd ~/stardog-react
 yarn add stardog
```

--------------------------------

### Obfuscated SPARQL Query Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/query-stardog/obfuscating-data

Example of a SPARQL query after obfuscation, with URIs replaced by obfuscated identifiers.

```sparql
SELECT ?x0
FROM <tag:stardog:api:obf:19b37d9ffd391cd0e29ad7a0c92722e1190ab546213370807320d5e351d10b79>
WHERE {
   <tag:stardog:api:obf:d27330fb53d3f2a6d5068ce46d248392ec09f93692a8e36a7bd33a3c128dafd4>   
      <tag:stardog:api:obf:64b72b77e8949f32a09d38590b15e7a757a1db3bc0a186405cc4e83141b54e2a> ?x0 .
}


```

--------------------------------

### Configure keystore settings via environment variables

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/docker/ssl

Passes Java system properties for keystore location and password using the STARDOG_SERVER_JAVA_ARGS environment variable.

```bash
docker run --name my-stardog \
  -v stardog-home:/var/opt/stardog \
  -v stardog-security:/stardog-security \
  -p 5820:5820 -p 5821:5821 \
  -e STARDOG_SERVER_JAVA_ARGS="-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/stardog-security/my-keystore.jks -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=changeit" \
  stardog/stardog --enable-ssl
```

--------------------------------

### Obfuscated Data Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/query-stardog/obfuscating-data

Example of RDF data after obfuscation, using Stardog's obfuscation prefix.

```turtle
@prefix obf: <tag:stardog:api:obf:> .

obf:19b37d9ffd391cd0e29ad7a0c92722e1190ab546213370807320d5e351d10b79 {
    obf:d27330fb53d3f2a6d5068ce46d248392ec09f93692a8e36a7bd33a3c128dafd4  
        obf:64b72b77e8949f32a09d38590b15e7a757a1db3bc0a186405cc4e83141b54e2a "628b49d96dcde97a430dd4f597705899e09a968f793491e4b704cae33a40dc02" ;
        obf:396dc63bd5eb69cb7a1283567c9eadd91d1319555faac5e6644314b0cf0c150d "888b19a43b151683c87895f6211d9f8640f97bdc8ef32f03dbe057c8f5e56d32" .
    obf:ac6d2bb543a71a5ec4ac0a591b8c0aafa9ad54adf0d1d686f00fabc6799ddcf9 
        obf:64b72b77e8949f32a09d38590b15e7a757a1db3bc0a186405cc4e83141b54e2a "628b49d96dcde97a430dd4f597705899e09a968f793491e4b704cae33a40dc02" ;
        obf:396dc63bd5eb69cb7a1283567c9eadd91d1319555faac5e6644314b0cf0c150d "4fac6dbe26e823ed6edf999c63fab3507119cf3cbfb56036511aa62e258c35b4" .
}


```

--------------------------------

### Begin a transaction

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/stardog-cli-reference/tx/tx-begin

Initiates a new transaction for the specified database.

```bash
    $ stardog tx begin myDb

```

--------------------------------

### begin()

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/javadoc/snarl/com/complexible/stardog/api/Connection

Starts a new transaction on the database. All subsequent operations will be part of this transaction until it is committed or rolled back.

```APIDOC
## Method: begin

`UUID begin()`

### Description
Start a new transaction.

### Method Signature
`public UUID begin()`

### Returns
* `UUID` - The unique identifier for the newly started transaction.
```

--------------------------------

### Install Spark Operator via Helm

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/voicebox/using-unstructured-data-with-voicebox

Commands to add the repository and install the Spark Operator into a dedicated namespace.

```bash
helm repo add spark-operator https://kubeflow.github.io/spark-operator

# Update Helm repositories
helm repo update

# Install Spark Operator
helm install spark-operator spark-operator/spark-operator \
  --namespace spark-operator \
  --create-namespace \
  --set webhook.enable=true \
  --set sparkJobNamespace=default
```

--------------------------------

### Configure and Manage a Stardog Connection Pool

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/developing/programming-with-stardog/java.html

Demonstrates initializing a connection configuration, setting up a pool with specific parameters, obtaining and releasing connections, and shutting down the pool.

```java
// We need a configuration object for our connections, this is all the information about
// the database that we want to connect to.
ConnectionConfiguration aConnConfig = ConnectionConfiguration
		                                      .to("testConnectionPool")
		                                      .server("http://localhost:5820")
		                                      .credentials("admin", "admin");

// We want to create a pool over these objects.  See the javadoc for ConnectionPoolConfig for
// more information on the options and information on the defaults.
ConnectionPoolConfig aConfig = ConnectionPoolConfig
		                               .using(aConnConfig)                // use my connection configuration to spawn new connections
		                               .minPool(10)                    // the number of objects to start my pool with
		                               .maxPool(1000)                    // the maximum number of objects that can be in the pool (leased or idle)
		                               .expiration(1, TimeUnit.HOURS)            // Connections can expire after being idle for 1 hr.
		                               .blockAtCapacity(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);		// I want obtain to block for at most 1 min while trying to obtain a connection.

// now i can create my actual connection pool
ConnectionPool aPool = aConfig.create();

// if I want a connection object...
Connection aConn = aPool.obtain();

// now I can feel free to use the connection object as usual...

// and when I'm done with it, instead of closing the connection, I want to return it to the pool instead.
aPool.release(aConn);

// I could also use a try-with-resources block, as connections obtained from the pool will auto-release when `close()` is called
try (Connection anotherConn = aPool.obtain()) {
  // Do more things in here and then let java release it back to the pool
}

// and when I'm done with the pool, shut it down!
aPool.shutdown();
```

--------------------------------

### Install bash-completion via Homebrew

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/command-line-interface

Installs bash-completion using Homebrew. This is a prerequisite for enabling Stardog autocomplete on macOS.

```bash
brew install bash-completion
```

--------------------------------

### SP2B Query 5a Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/reading-stardog-query-plans

A query example that may trigger the use of a LoopJoin node in the execution plan.

```sparql
 SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?name
 WHERE {
   ?article rdf:type bench:Article .
   ?article dc:creator ?person .
   ?inproc rdf:type bench:Inproceedings .
   ?inproc dc:creator ?person2 .
   ?person foaf:name ?name .
   ?person2 foaf:name ?name2
   FILTER (?name=?name2)
 }
```

--------------------------------

### Unselective SPARQL Query Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/tutorials/reading-stardog-query-plans

An example of a query that returns a large volume of results, making it inherently unselective.

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?name1 ?name2
WHERE {
  ?article1 rdf:type bench:Article .
  ?article2 rdf:type bench:Article .
  ?article1 dc:creator ?author1 .
  ?author1 foaf:name ?name1 .
  ?article2 dc:creator ?author2 .
  ?author2 foaf:name ?name2 .
  ?article1 swrc:journal ?journal .
  ?article2 swrc:journal ?journal
  FILTER (?name1<?name2)
}
```

--------------------------------

### Install bash-completion on Fedora

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/command-line-interface

Installs the bash-completion package on Fedora systems using yum. This provides shell autocompletion capabilities.

```bash
sudo yum install bash-completion
```

--------------------------------

### Run Stardog in Production

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/docker/server-configuration

Example of a production-ready docker run command incorporating memory, storage, and OS-level tuning parameters.

```bash
$ docker run -d --name stardog \
  --ulimit nofile=100000:100000 \
  --memory-swappiness=0 \
  --cap-add SYS_NICE \
  --sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=120 \
  -e STARDOG_SERVER_JAVA_ARGS="-Xmx8g -Xms8g -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=20g -Djava.io.tmpdir=/var/opt/stardog/tmp" \
  -v ~/stardog-home:/var/opt/stardog \
  -p 5820:5820 \
  stardog/stardog
```

--------------------------------

### Connect to Stardog with stardog.js

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/stardog-cloud/accessing-api-endpoint

Example of initializing a connection to a Stardog endpoint using the stardog.js library.

```javascript
const { Connection, query } = require('stardog');

const conn = new Connection({
  username: 'username_you_defined_earlier',
  password: 'password_you_defined_earlier',
  endpoint: 'https://[custom-name].stardog.cloud:5820',
});

// insert the rest of your code here
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Database with Default Configuration

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/developing/programming-with-stardog/java.html

Creates an empty database on a local server using default settings. Always use try-with-resources to ensure the AdminConnection is closed properly.

```java
try (AdminConnection aAdminConnection = AdminConnectionConfiguration.toServer("http://localhost:5820").credentials("admin", "admin").connect()) {
	aAdminConnection.newDatabase("testConnectionAPI").create();
}
```

--------------------------------

### SPARQL Query Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/query-stardog/bi-tools-and-sql-queries

An example of a stored SPARQL SELECT query named 'aml' that projects '?acct' and '?amount' bindings.

```sparql
PREFIX : <tag:aml:>

SELECT ?acct ?amount {
  ?acct a :Account ;
        :hasAmount ?amount ;
}

```

--------------------------------

### Explain Query Plan using CLI

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/getting-support

Use the `query explain` command in the Stardog CLI to get the query plan for a given database and query.

```bash
stardog query explain myDatabase "SELECT ?title WHERE { <http://example.org/book/book1> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> ?title . }"
```

--------------------------------

### SPARQL Query Example

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/operating-stardog/database-administration/managing-query-performance

This SPARQL query is used as an example to demonstrate performance issues related to join algorithms and filters.

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?name
WHERE {
  ?article rdf:type bench:Article .
  ?article dc:creator ?person .
  ?inproc rdf:type bench:Inproceedings .
  ?inproc dc:creator ?person2 .
  ?person foaf:name ?name .
  ?person2 foaf:name ?name2
  FILTER (?name=?name2)
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create a database with named graphs

Source: https://docs.stardog.com/stardog-admin-cli-reference/db/db-create

Initializes a database and loads files into specific named graphs using the @ syntax.

```bash
$ stardog-admin db create -n myDb input0.ttl @http://stardog.com/graph/1 input1.ttl input2.ttl @urn:stardog:graph:2 input3.ttl @ input4.ttl
```