SpacetimeDB

https://spacetimedb.com/docs
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SpacetimeDB is a programmable database for real-time multiplayer applications that enables...
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### Run spacetime start help

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/cli-reference

View all available options for the start command.

```bash
spacetime start --help
```

--------------------------------

### SELECT Examples

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/reference/sql

Examples of selecting all columns or specific columns from a table.

```sql
-- Select the items in my inventory
SELECT * FROM Inventory;

-- Select the names and prices of the items in my inventory
SELECT item_name, price FROM Inventory
```

--------------------------------

### Install SpacetimeDB SDK

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/clients/typescript

Navigate to the client directory and install the spacetimedb package.

```bash
cd client
npm install spacetimedb
```

--------------------------------

### INSERT Examples

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/reference/sql

Examples of inserting single and multiple rows into a table.

```sql
-- Inserting one row
INSERT INTO Inventory (item_id, item_name) VALUES (1, 'health1');

-- Inserting two rows
INSERT INTO Inventory (item_id, item_name) VALUES (1, 'health1'), (2, 'health2');
```

--------------------------------

### Identify data directory output

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/cli-reference/standalone-config

Example output from running 'spacetime start' showing the location of the database data directory.

```text
spacetimedb-standalone version: 1.0.0
spacetimedb-standalone path: /home/user/.local/share/spacetime/bin/1.0.0/spacetimedb-standalone
database running in data directory **/home/user/.local/share/spacetime/data**
```

--------------------------------

### Enable and start the SpacetimeDB service

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/how-to/deploy/self-hosting

Enable the service to start on boot and initiate the service immediately.

```bash
sudo systemctl enable spacetimedb
sudo systemctl start spacetimedb
```

--------------------------------

### Example of registering a Railway server

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/how-to/deploy/railway

An example command showing how to register a specific Railway application domain.

```bash
spacetime server add --url https://my-railway-app.up.railway.app railway
```

--------------------------------

### SELECT Clause Examples

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/reference/sql

Examples demonstrating valid and invalid SELECT projections for subscriptions.

```sql
-- Subscribe to all rows of a table
SELECT * FROM Inventory

-- Qualify the `*` projection with the table
SELECT item.* from Inventory item

-- Subscribe to all customers who have orders totaling more than $1000
SELECT customer.*
FROM Customers customer JOIN Orders o ON customer.id = o.customer_id
WHERE o.amount > 1000

-- INVALID: Must return `Customers` or `Orders`, but not both
SELECT *
FROM Customers customer JOIN Orders o ON customer.id = o.customer_id
WHERE o.amount > 1000
```

--------------------------------

### Install the SpacetimeDB CLI

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/intro/faq

Use this command to install the SpacetimeDB command-line interface.

```bash
curl -sSf https://install.spacetimedb.com | sh
```

--------------------------------

### Install Nginx

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/how-to/deploy/self-hosting

Update the package repository and install the Nginx web server.

```bash
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx -y
```

--------------------------------

### Install SpacetimeDB as the spacetimedb user

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/how-to/deploy/self-hosting

Install the SpacetimeDB binary into the /stdb directory using the dedicated user.

```bash
sudo -u spacetimedb bash -c 'curl -sSf https://install.spacetimedb.com | sh -s -- --root-dir /stdb --yes'
```

--------------------------------

### Install Clerk React SDK with Bun

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/core-concepts/authentication/Clerk

Install the Clerk React SDK using the bun package manager.

```bash
bun add @clerk/clerk-react
```

--------------------------------

### Install Better Auth OIDC Packages (Bun)

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/core-concepts/authentication/BetterAuth

Install the required Better Auth packages using bun.

```bash
bun add better-auth @better-auth/oauth-provider
```

--------------------------------

### Compile and run the client

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/tutorials/chat-app

Execute this command from the quickstart-chat directory to compile and start the application.

```bash
cargo run
```

--------------------------------

### Update GameManager.cs for Maincloud connection

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/tutorials/unity/part-4

Example configuration for GameManager.cs including the server URL, database name, and clearing PlayerPrefs in the Start method.

```csharp
const string SERVER_URL = "https://maincloud.spacetimedb.com";
const string DATABASE_NAME = "<your database name>";

...

private void Start()
{
    // Clear cached connection data to ensure proper connection
    PlayerPrefs.DeleteAll();

    // Continue with initialization
}
```

--------------------------------

### Preflight checks for key rotation

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/how-to/self-hosted-key-rotation

Verifies that required binaries are installed, the user is logged into Azure, and necessary directories and files exist before starting rotation or sync operations.

```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

REQUIRED_BINS=(az openssl bun rsync spacetime ssh)
KEY_DIR="./.generated/spacetimedb-keys"
CLI_TOML="./data/.config/spacetime/cli.toml"

for bin in "${REQUIRED_BINS[@]}"; do
  command -v "${bin}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "missing dependency: ${bin}"; exit 1; }
done

az account show >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "azure login required: run just az-login"; exit 1; }

mkdir -p "${KEY_DIR}"
[ -f "${KEY_DIR}/id_ecdsa" ] || echo "note: ${KEY_DIR}/id_ecdsa not present yet (expected before first pull/rotation)"
[ -f "${KEY_DIR}/id_ecdsa.pub" ] || echo "note: ${KEY_DIR}/id_ecdsa.pub not present yet (expected before first pull/rotation)"
[ -f "${CLI_TOML}" ] || echo "note: ${CLI_TOML} not present yet (expected before first publish/token write)"

echo "preflight ok"
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Publish C# Project

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/databases/cheat-sheet

Commands to initialize a new C# project, log in, and publish the database.

```bash
spacetime init --lang csharp --project-path my-project my-project
cd my-project
spacetime login
spacetime publish <DATABASE_NAME>
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize C# Project

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/tutorials/chat-app

Navigate to the project directory and create a new C# console application.

```bash
cd quickstart-chat
dotnet new console
```

--------------------------------

### Suboptimal query for join order example

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/reference/sql

A query that joins Customers, Orders, and Inventory, filtering on product.name. This query is used as a starting point to illustrate best practices for indexing and join order.

```sql
-- Find all customers who ordered a particular product and when they ordered it
SELECT customer.first_name, customer.last_name, o.date
FROM Customers customer
JOIN Orders o ON customer.id = o.customer_id
JOIN Inventory product ON o.product_id = product.id
WHERE product.name = {product_name}

```

--------------------------------

### Run Development Server

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/tutorials/chat-app

Execute the development command to start the application and test the real-time synchronization.

```bash
pnpm run dev
```

--------------------------------

### Publish a new SpacetimeDB database

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/databases/building-publishing

Builds the module if needed, creates a new database with the specified name, uploads and installs the module, runs the `init` lifecycle reducer if defined, and starts accepting client connections. Outputs the database identity which should be saved for administrative tasks.

```bash
spacetime publish <DATABASE_NAME>
```

--------------------------------

### Example response from GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity/schema?version=9

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/http/database

Shows the JSON structure of a RawModuleDef returned by the schema endpoint for the default module generated by 'spacetime init'. It includes the typespace, tables, reducers, and types definitions. This response is returned when no Authorization header is provided, or when one is provided, the response will also include 'spacetime-identity' and 'spacetime-identity-token' headers.

```json
{
  "typespace": {
    "types": [
      {
        "Product": {
          "elements": [
            {
              "name": {
                "some": "name"
              },
              "algebraic_type": {
                "String": []
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "tables": [
    {
      "name": "person",
      "product_type_ref": 0,
      "primary_key": [],
      "indexes": [],
      "constraints": [],
      "sequences": [],
      "schedule": {
        "none": []
      },
      "table_type": {
        "User": []
      },
      "table_access": {
        "Private": []
      }
    }
  ],
  "reducers": [
    {
      "name": "add",
      "params": {
        "elements": [
          {
            "name": {
              "some": "name"
            },
            "algebraic_type": {
              "String": []
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "lifecycle": {
        "none": []
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "identity_connected",
      "params": {
        "elements": []
      },
      "lifecycle": {
        "some": {
          "OnConnect": []
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "identity_disconnected",
      "params": {
        "elements": []
      },
      "lifecycle": {
        "some": {
          "OnDisconnect": []
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "init",
      "params": {
        "elements": []
      },
      "lifecycle": {
        "some": {
          "Init": []
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "say_hello",
      "params": {
        "elements": []
      },
      "lifecycle": {
        "none": []
      }
    }
  ],
  "types": [
    {
      "name": {
        "scope": [],
        "name": "Person"
      },
      "ty": 0,
      "custom_ordering": true
    }
  ],
  "misc_exports": [],
  "row_level_security": []
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Publish C++ Project

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/databases/cheat-sheet

Commands to initialize a new C++ project, log in, and publish the database.

```bash
spacetime init --lang cpp --project-path my-project my-project
cd my-project
spacetime login
spacetime publish <DATABASE_NAME>
```

--------------------------------

### Blackholio.csproj configuration example

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/tutorials/godot/part-2

A complete example of the project file structure including the SpacetimeDB SDK package reference and the exclusion rule.

```xml
<Project Sdk="Godot.NET.Sdk/4.6.2">  
  <PropertyGroup>  
    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>  
    <TargetFramework Condition=" '$(GodotTargetPlatform)' == 'android' ">net9.0</TargetFramework>  
    <EnableDynamicLoading>true</EnableDynamicLoading>  
    <DefaultItemExcludes>$(DefaultItemExcludes);blackholio-server/**</DefaultItemExcludes>  
  </PropertyGroup>  
  <ItemGroup>  
    <PackageReference Include="SpacetimeDB.ClientSDK" Version="2.1.0" />  
  </ItemGroup>  
</Project>
```

--------------------------------

### spacetime start

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/databases/cheat-sheet

Starts a local SpacetimeDB server.

```APIDOC
## spacetime start

### Description
Starts a local SpacetimeDB server.

### Method
CLI

### Endpoint
spacetime start

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
spacetime start

### Response
#### Success Response
Server starts successfully.

#### Response Example
(No output)
```

--------------------------------

### GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity/schema

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/http/database

Get the schema for a database.

```APIDOC
## GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity/schema

### Description
Get the schema for a database.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/v1/database/:name_or_identity/schema

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **name_or_identity** (string) - Required - The name or identity of the database.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **schema** (object) - The database schema.

#### Response Example
{
  "schema": {}
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Publish Rust Project

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/databases/cheat-sheet

Commands to initialize a new Rust project, log in, and publish the database.

```bash
spacetime init --lang rust --project-path my-project my-project
cd my-project
spacetime login
spacetime publish <DATABASE_NAME>
```

--------------------------------

### GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity/identity

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/http/database

Get the identity of a database.

```APIDOC
## GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity/identity

### Description
Get the identity of a database.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/v1/database/:name_or_identity/identity

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **name_or_identity** (string) - Required - The name or identity of the database.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **identity** (string) - The database identity.

#### Response Example
{
  "identity": "string"
}
```

--------------------------------

### GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity/names

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/http/database

Get the names this database can be identified by.

```APIDOC
## GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity/names

### Description
Get the names this database can be identified by.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/v1/database/:name_or_identity/names

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **name_or_identity** (string) - Required - The name or identity of the database.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **names** (array of strings) - List of names.

#### Response Example
{
  "names": ["string"]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create a SpacetimeDB project

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/quickstarts/c-plus-plus

Initialize a new project using the basic-cpp template.

```bash
spacetime dev --template basic-cpp
```

--------------------------------

### GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/http/database

Get a JSON description of a database.

```APIDOC
## GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity

### Description
Get a JSON description of a database.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/v1/database/:name_or_identity

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **name_or_identity** (string) - Required - The name or identity of the database.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **database description** (object) - JSON description of the database.

#### Response Example
{
  "description": {}
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize a C# project with spacetime init

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/databases/developing

Creates a new C# project with a configured StdbModule.csproj, a sample module in Lib.cs, and sample table and reducer definitions.

```bash
spacetime init --lang csharp --project-path ./my-project my-project
cd my-project
```

--------------------------------

### GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity/environment

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/http/database

Get environment declarations and stored keys.

```APIDOC
## GET /v1/database/:name_or_identity/environment

### Description
Get environment declarations and stored keys.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/v1/database/:name_or_identity/environment

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **name_or_identity** (string) - Required - The name or identity of the database.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **environment** (object) - Environment declarations and stored keys.

#### Response Example
{
  "environment": {}
}
```

--------------------------------

### Install Certbot for SSL

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/how-to/deploy/self-hosting

Install Certbot and the Nginx plugin on your server.

```bash
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Rust project structure

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/tutorials/chat-app

Commands to navigate to the project directory and initialize a new Rust crate.

```bash
cd quickstart-chat
```

```bash
cargo init
```

--------------------------------

### UPDATE Example

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/reference/sql

Example of updating a column value based on a condition.

```sql
-- Update the item_name for all rows with a specific item_id
UPDATE Inventory SET item_name = 'new name' WHERE item_id = 1;
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize React project

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/tutorials/chat-app

Create a new React application using the Vite template with TypeScript.

```bash
pnpm create vite@latest . -- --template react-ts
pnpm install
```

--------------------------------

### Create Plugins Directory

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/tutorials/unreal/part-1

Commands to navigate to the project root and create the necessary Plugins directory for the SDK.

```bash
cd blackholio
mkdir Plugins
```

--------------------------------

### WHERE Clause Examples

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/reference/sql

Examples of filtering subscription rows using the WHERE clause.

```sql
-- Find products that sell for more than $X
SELECT * FROM Inventory WHERE price > {X}

-- Find products that sell for more than $X and have fewer than Y items in stock
SELECT * FROM Inventory WHERE price > {X} AND amount < {Y}
```

--------------------------------

### Usage of spacetime start

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/cli-reference

General usage pattern for starting a SpacetimeDB instance.

```bash
spacetime start [OPTIONS] [args]...
```

--------------------------------

### Create a new project

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/quickstarts/nodejs

Run this command to initialize a new project with a SpacetimeDB module and Node.js client.

```bash
spacetime dev --template nodejs-ts
```

--------------------------------

### Configure client via environment variables

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/quickstarts/nodejs

Set connection details using environment variables before starting the client.

```bash
# Configure via environment variables
SPACETIMEDB_HOST=ws://localhost:3000 \
SPACETIMEDB_DB_NAME=my-app \
npm run start

# Or use a .env file with dotenv
```

--------------------------------

### Rust GET Request

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/functions/procedures

Performs a simple GET request using ctx.http.get.

```rust
#[spacetimedb::procedure]
fn get_request(ctx: &mut ProcedureContext) {
    match ctx.http.get("https://example.invalid") {
        Ok(response) => {
            let (response, body) = response.into_parts();
            log::info!(
                "Got response with status {} and body {}",
                response.status,
                body.into_string_lossy(),
            )
        },
        Err(error) => log::error!("Request failed: {error:?}"),
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create a new SpacetimeDB SolidJS project

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/quickstarts/solid

Run this command to initialize a new project, start the local server, publish the module, generate TypeScript bindings, and launch the SolidJS development server.

```bash
spacetime dev --template solid-ts
```

--------------------------------

### C# GET Request

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/functions/procedures

Performs a simple GET request using ctx.Http.Get.

```csharp
#pragma warning disable STDB_UNSTABLE
using SpacetimeDB;

public static partial class Module
{
    [SpacetimeDB.Procedure]
    public static void GetRequest(ProcedureContext ctx)
    {
        var result = ctx.Http.Get("https://example.invalid");
        switch (result)
        {
            case Result<HttpResponse, HttpError>.OkR(var response):
                var body = response.Body.ToStringUtf8Lossy();
                Log.Info($"Got response with status {response.StatusCode} and body {body}");
                break;
            case Result<HttpResponse, HttpError>.ErrR(var e):
                Log.Error($"Request failed: {e.Message}");
                break;
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize a C++ project with spacetime init

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/databases/developing

Creates a new C++ project with a configured CMakeLists.txt, a sample module in src/lib.cpp, and sample table and reducer definitions.

```bash
spacetime init --lang cpp --project-path ./my-project my-project
cd my-project
```

--------------------------------

### TypeScript GET Request

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/functions/procedures

Performs a simple GET request using ctx.http.fetch.

```typescript
export const getRequest = spacetimedb.procedure(t.unit(), ctx => {
    try {
        const response = ctx.http.fetch("https://example.invalid");
        const body = response.text();
        console.log(`Got response with status ${response.status} and body ${body}`);
    } catch (e) {
        console.error("Request failed: ", e);
    }
    return {};
});
```

--------------------------------

### Install SpacetimeDB package

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/tutorials/chat-app

Install the required spacetimedb package for the client application.

```bash
pnpm install spacetimedb
```

--------------------------------

### Configure and run SpacetimeDB with Deno

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/quickstarts/deno

Examples for running the application using environment variables or explicit Deno CLI permissions.

```bash
# Configure via environment variables
SPACETIMEDB_HOST=ws://localhost:3000 \
SPACETIMEDB_DB_NAME=my-app \
pnpm run start

# Or run with explicit permissions
deno run --allow-net --allow-read --allow-write --allow-env --unstable-sloppy-imports src/main.ts
```

--------------------------------

### Create a new project with spacetime dev

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/quickstarts/bun

Run this command to initialize a new project with a SpacetimeDB module and Bun client, start the local server, and generate TypeScript bindings.

```bash
spacetime dev --template bun-ts
```

--------------------------------

### Create a new C# project

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/quickstarts/c-sharp

Initializes a new project with a C# SpacetimeDB module using the basic template.

```bash
spacetime dev --template basic-cs
```

--------------------------------

### Connecting and Subscribing in Unreal Engine

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/clients/unreal

A complete example demonstrating how to connect to a SpacetimeDB instance, register callbacks for connection events and table updates, and subscribe to specific queries.

```cpp
// In your Actor's BeginPlay()
void AMyActor::BeginPlay()
{
    Super::BeginPlay();

    // Setup connection callbacks
    FOnConnectDelegate ConnectDelegate;
    BIND_DELEGATE_SAFE(ConnectDelegate, this, AMyActor, OnConnected);

    FOnDisconnectDelegate DisconnectDelegate;
    BIND_DELEGATE_SAFE(DisconnectDelegate, this, AMyActor, OnDisconnected);

    // Build and connect
    Conn = UDbConnection::Builder()
        ->WithUri(TEXT("127.0.0.1:3000"))
        ->WithDatabaseName(TEXT("my-module"))
        ->OnConnect(ConnectDelegate)
        ->OnDisconnect(DisconnectDelegate)
        ->Build();

    // Register table callbacks
    Conn->Db->User->OnInsert.AddDynamic(this, &AMyActor::OnUserInsert);
    Conn->Db->User->OnUpdate.AddDynamic(this, &AMyActor::OnUserUpdate);
    Conn->Db->User->OnDelete.AddDynamic(this, &AMyActor::OnUserDelete);

    // Register reducer result callbacks for calls made by this connection
    Conn->Reducers->OnSendMessage.AddDynamic(this, &AMyActor::OnSendMessage);
}

void AMyActor::OnConnected(UDbConnection* Connection, FSpacetimeDBIdentity Identity, const FString& Token)
{
    // Save token for future connections
    UCredentials::SaveToken(Token);

    // Subscribe with typed queries
    USubscriptionHandle* Handle = Connection->SubscriptionBuilder()
        ->OnApplied(FOnSubscriptionApplied::CreateUObject(this, &AMyActor::OnSubscriptionApplied))
        ->OnError(FOnSubscriptionError::CreateUObject(this, &AMyActor::OnSubscriptionError))
        ->AddQuery([](const FQueryBuilder& Q)
        {
            return Q.From.User();
        })
        ->AddQuery([](const FQueryBuilder& Q)
        {
            return Q.From.Message().Where([](const FMessageCols& Cols)
            {
                return Cols.ChannelId.Eq(1);
            });
        })
        ->Subscribe();
}

void AMyActor::OnUserInsert(const FEventContext& Context, const FUserType& NewRow)
{
    UE_LOG(LogTemp, Log, TEXT("User inserted: %s"), *NewRow.Name);
}

void AMyActor::OnSendMessage(const FReducerEventContext& Context, const FString& Text)
{
    UE_LOG(LogTemp, Log, TEXT("Message sent: %s"), *Text);
}

void AMyActor::SendMessage(const FString& Text)
{
    if (Conn && Conn->Reducers)
    {
        Conn->Reducers->SendMessage(Text);
    }
}

void AMyActor::OnDisconnected(UDbConnection* Connection, const FString& Error)
{
    UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Disconnected from SpacetimeDB: %s"), *Error);
}
```

--------------------------------

### DELETE Examples

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/reference/sql

Examples of deleting all rows or rows matching a specific condition.

```sql
-- Delete all rows
DELETE FROM Inventory;

-- Delete all rows with a specific item_id
DELETE FROM Inventory WHERE item_id = 1;
```

--------------------------------

### FROM Clause Examples

Source: https://spacetimedb.com/docs/reference/sql

Examples of valid and invalid JOIN usage in subscription queries.

```sql
-- Subscribe to all orders of products with less than 10 items in stock.
-- Must have an index on the `product_id` column of the `Orders` table,
-- as well as the `id` column of the `Product` table.
SELECT o.*
FROM Orders o JOIN Inventory product ON o.product_id = product.id
WHERE product.quantity < 10

-- Subscribe to all products that have at least one purchase
SELECT product.*
FROM Orders o JOIN Inventory product ON o.product_id = product.id

-- INVALID: Must qualify the column names referenced in `ON`
SELECT product.* FROM Orders JOIN Inventory product ON product_id = id
```
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