rustworkx

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### Topological sorting example with rustworkx

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.TopologicalSorter.html

This example creates a directed graph, adds nodes and edges, and uses TopologicalSorter to get nodes in topological order. The output shows the nodes returned by get_ready() in each iteration.

```python
import rustworkx as rx

G = rx.PyDiGraph()
G.add_nodes_from(["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F"])
G.add_edges_from_no_data([(0, 2),(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5)])
sorter = rx.TopologicalSorter(G)
while sorter.is_active():
    nodes = sorter.get_ready()
    print(nodes)
    sorter.done(nodes)
```

```output
[0, 1]
[2]
[3]
[5, 4]
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Retrieve a mapping with graph_vf2_mapping

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.graph_vf2_mapping.html

Creates two path graphs and uses graph_vf2_mapping with subgraph=True to get an iterator. The example uses next(vf2) inside a try/except to handle StopIteration when no mapping exists.

```python
graph_a = rustworkx.generators.path_graph(3)
graph_b = rustworkx.generators.path_graph(2)
vf2 = rustworkx.graph_vf2_mapping(graph_a, graph_b, subgraph=True)
try:
    mapping = next(vf2)
except StopIteration:
    pass
```

--------------------------------

### Python example: record tree edges with DFSVisitor

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.dfs_search.html

Example that defines a TreeEdgesRecorder subclass of DFSVisitor to collect tree edges, then runs dfs_search on a PyGraph and prints the recorded edges.

```python
import rustworkx as rx
from rustworkx.visit import DFSVisitor

class TreeEdgesRecorder(DFSVisitor):

    def __init__(self):
        self.edges = []

    def tree_edge(self, edge):
        self.edges.append(edge)

graph = rx.PyGraph()
graph.extend_from_edge_list([(1, 3), (0, 1), (2, 1), (0, 2)])
vis = TreeEdgesRecorder()
rx.dfs_search(graph, [0], vis)
print('Tree edges:', vis.edges)
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Using PyDAG.successor_indices

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.PyDAG.successor_indices.html

Shows how to create a PyDiGraph, add nodes, extend with edges, and call successor_indices(1) to get the successors of node 'B'. The output is NodeIndices[4, 3, 2].

```python
>>> G = rx.PyDiGraph()
>>> G.add_nodes_from(["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"])
NodeIndices[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> G.extend_from_edge_list([(0, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4)])
>>> G.successor_indices(1)  # successors of the 'B' node
NodeIndices[4, 3, 2]
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Using rustworkx.topological_sort

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.topological_sort.html

Creates a PyDiGraph, adds nodes and edges, and calls rx.topological_sort to get a NodeIndices object representing a topological order. The output shows the resulting NodeIndices.

```python
>>> G = rx.PyDiGraph()
>>> G.add_nodes_from(["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G"])
>>> G.add_edges_from_no_data([(0, 1),(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (5, 2), (6, 3)])
>>> rx.topological_sort(G)
NodeIndices[6, 5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
```

--------------------------------

### Using WeightedEdgeList with indexing and iteration

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.WeightedEdgeList.html

Shows how to create a directed path graph, get its weighted edge list, and access elements via index and iteration. The example uses rustworkx.generators.directed_path_graph and the weighted_edge_list method.

```python
import rustworkx as rx

graph = rx.generators.directed_path_graph(5)
edges = graph.weighted_edge_list()
# Index based access
third_element = edges[2]
# Use as iterator
edges_iter = iter(edges)
first_element = next(edges_iter)
second_element = next(edges_iter)
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Track tree edges with DFSVisitor

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.digraph_dfs_search.html

Python example that defines a TreeEdgesRecorder subclass of DFSVisitor to collect tree edges during a depth-first search. It creates a PyDiGraph, runs digraph_dfs_search with source [0], and prints the recorded edges.

```python
import rustworkx as rx
from rustworkx.visit import DFSVisitor

class TreeEdgesRecorder(DFSVisitor):

    def __init__(self):
        self.edges = []

    def tree_edge(self, edge):
        self.edges.append(edge)

graph = rx.PyDiGraph()
graph.extend_from_edge_list([(1, 3), (0, 1), (2, 1), (0, 2)])
vis = TreeEdgesRecorder()
rx.digraph_dfs_search(graph, [0], vis)
print('Tree edges:', vis.edges)
```

```output
Tree edges: [(0, 2, None), (2, 1, None), (1, 3, None)]
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Draw a directed path graph with mpl_draw

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.visualization.mpl_draw.html

This example imports matplotlib.pyplot, rustworkx, and the mpl_draw function, creates a directed path graph with 25 nodes, and draws it using mpl_draw, followed by plt.draw() to render the plot.

```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import rustworkx as rx
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

G = rx.generators.directed_path_graph(25)
mpl_draw(G)
plt.draw()
```

--------------------------------

### Chain decomposition example with mpl_draw

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/release_notes.html

Creates a PyGraph, computes its chain decomposition, and colors edges by chain using mpl_draw. The example defines a color_edges function that assigns blue and red to edges in chains and black to others.

```python
import rustworkx
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

graph = rustworkx.PyGraph()
graph.extend_from_edge_list([
    (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2), (2, 3),
    (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5),
])
chains = rustworkx.chain_decomposition(graph)

def color_edges(graph, chains): 
    COLORS = ['blue', 'red']

    edges_in_chain = {}
    for idx, chain in enumerate(chains):
        for edge in chain:
            edge = tuple(sorted(edge))
            edges_in_chain[edge] = COLORS[idx]
        
    edge_colors = []
    for edge in graph.edge_list():
        edge = tuple(sorted(edge))
        edge_colors += [edges_in_chain.get(edge, 'black')]

    return edge_colors

mpl_draw(graph, node_color='black', node_size=150,
        edge_color=color_edges(graph, chains))
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Using PyDAG.neighbors to get successors

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.PyDAG.neighbors.html

This example creates a PyDiGraph, adds nodes and edges, and calls neighbors(1) to get the successor indices of node 'B'. The output shows NodeIndices[4, 3, 2].

```python
>>> G = rx.PyDiGraph()
>>> G.add_nodes_from(["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"])
NodeIndices[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> G.extend_from_edge_list([(0, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4)])
>>> G.neighbors(1)  # neighbors of the 'B' node
NodeIndices[4, 3, 2]
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Accessing AllPairsPathLengthMapping

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.AllPairsPathLengthMapping.html

Shows how to create a graph, compute all-pairs shortest path lengths, and access the result for a specific node index.

```python
import rustworkx as rx

graph = rx.generators.directed_path_graph(5)
edges = rx.all_pairs_dijkstra_shortest_path_lengths(graph)
# Target node access
third_node_shortest_path_lengths = edges[2]
```

--------------------------------

### Example of using graph_cartesian_product

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.graph_cartesian_product.html

Demonstrates how to create two path graphs and compute their cartesian product, then draw the resulting graph using mpl_draw.

```python
import rustworkx.generators
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

graph_1 = rustworkx.generators.path_graph(2)
graph_2 = rustworkx.generators.path_graph(3)
graph_product, _ = rustworkx.graph_cartesian_product(graph_1, graph_2)
mpl_draw(graph_product)
```

--------------------------------

### Build first graph and visualize

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.PyGraph.compose.html

Creates a PyGraph with three nodes and two edges, then visualizes it using mpl_draw. This is the first step in the compose example.

```python
import os
import tempfile

import pydot
from PIL import Image

import rustworkx as rx
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

# Build first graph and visualize:
graph = rx.PyGraph()
node_a, node_b, node_c = graph.add_nodes_from(['A', 'B', 'C'])
graph.add_edges_from([(node_a, node_b, 'A to B'),
                      (node_b, node_c, 'B to C')])
mpl_draw(graph, with_labels=True, labels=str, edge_labels=str)
```

--------------------------------

### Example of using graph_tensor_product

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.graph_tensor_product.html

Demonstrates creating two path graphs and computing their tensor product, then drawing the result with mpl_draw.

```python
import rustworkx.generators
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

graph_1 = rustworkx.generators.path_graph(2)
graph_2 = rustworkx.generators.path_graph(3)
graph_product, _ = rustworkx.graph_tensor_product(graph_1, graph_2)
mpl_draw(graph_product)
```

--------------------------------

### Get neighbors of a node with PyDAG.adj

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.PyDAG.adj.html

Shows how to use PyDAG.adj to retrieve the neighbors of a node. The example creates a PyDiGraph, adds nodes and weighted edges, then calls adj(2) to get neighbors of node 'C'. The output is a dictionary with node indices as keys and edge data as values.

```python
>>> G = rx.PyDiGraph()
>>> G.add_nodes_from(["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"])
>>> NodeIndices[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> G.extend_from_weighted_edge_list([(0, 2, "A->C"), (1, 2, "B->C"), (2, 3, "C->D"), (3, 4, "D->E")])
>>> G.adj(2)  # neighbors of the node "C"
{1: 'B->C', 0: 'A->C', 3: 'C->D'}
```

--------------------------------

### Example usage of topological_generations

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.topological_generations.html

Constructs a PyDiGraph with nodes 0-4 and edges forming a DAG, then calls topological_generations to get generations. The output shows each generation as a NodeIndices list.

```python
>>> G = rx.PyDiGraph()
>>> G.add_nodes_from([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
>>> G.add_edges_from_no_data([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
>>> rx.topological_generations(G)
[NodeIndices[0], NodeIndices[1, 2], NodeIndices[3], NodeIndices[4]]
```

--------------------------------

### Example of using digraph_tensor_product

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.digraph_tensor_product.html

Demonstrates creating two directed path graphs and computing their tensor product, then drawing the result with mpl_draw.

```python
import rustworkx.generators
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

graph_1 = rustworkx.generators.directed_path_graph(2)
graph_2 = rustworkx.generators.directed_path_graph(3)
graph_product, _ = rustworkx.digraph_tensor_product(graph_1, graph_2)
mpl_draw(graph_product)
```

--------------------------------

### Build first graph and visualize

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.PyDAG.compose.html

Creates a PyDiGraph with nodes A, B, C and edges between them, then visualizes it with mpl_draw.

```python
import rustworkx as rx
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

# Build first graph and visualize:
graph = rx.PyDiGraph()
node_a = graph.add_node('A')
node_b = graph.add_child(node_a, 'B', 'A to B')
node_c = graph.add_child(node_b, 'C', 'B to C')
mpl_draw(graph, with_labels=True, labels=str, edge_labels=str)
```

--------------------------------

### Example return dictionary of path lengths

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.digraph_floyd_warshall.html

Shows the format of the returned dictionary, mapping source node indices to dictionaries of target nodes and shortest path lengths.

```python
{
    0: {0: 0.0, 1: 2.0, 2: 2.0},
    1: {1: 0.0, 2: 1.0},
    2: {0: 1.0, 2: 0.0},
}
```

--------------------------------

### Count weakly connected components in a directed graph

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.number_weakly_connected_components.html

Creates a PyDiGraph, extends it with an edge list, and calls number_weakly_connected_components to get the count. The example returns 2 for the given graph.

```python
>>> G = rx.PyDiGraph()
>>> G.extend_from_edge_list([(0, 1), (1, 2), (3, 4)])
>>> rx.number_weakly_connected_components(G)
2
```

--------------------------------

### Python example: find shortest path from vertex 0 to 5 using dijkstra_search

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.dijkstra_search.html

Example that creates a directed graph, defines a DijkstraVisitor subclass to record predecessors and stop when the goal vertex is discovered, then calls rx.dijkstra_search with source [0] and weight_fn=None. The printed output is 'Path: [0, 4, 5]'.

```python
import rustworkx as rx
from rustworkx.visit import DijkstraVisitor, StopSearch

graph = rx.PyDiGraph()
graph.extend_from_edge_list([
    (0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4),
    (1, 3),
    (2, 3), (2, 4),
    (4, 5),
])

class PathFinder(DijkstraVisitor):

    def __init__(self, start, goal):
        self.start = start
        self.goal = goal
        self.predecessors = {}

    def get_path(self):
        n = self.goal
        rev_path = [n]
        while n != self.start:
            n = self.predecessors[n]
            rev_path.append(n)
        return list(reversed(rev_path))

    def discover_vertex(self, vertex, cost):
        if vertex == self.goal:
            raise StopSearch

    def edge_relaxed(self, edge):
        self.predecessors[edge[1]] = edge[0]

start = 0
vis = PathFinder(start=start, goal=5)
rx.dijkstra_search(graph, [start], weight_fn=None, visitor=vis)
print('Path:', vis.get_path())
```

```text
Path: [0, 4, 5]
```

--------------------------------

### Example usage of PyDAG.predecessor_indices

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.PyDAG.predecessor_indices.html

Creates a PyDiGraph, adds nodes and edges, then calls predecessor_indices(3) to get the predecessors of node 'D'. The output shows NodeIndices[2, 1, 0].

```python
>>> G = rx.PyDiGraph()
>>> G.add_nodes_from(["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"])
NodeIndices[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> G.extend_from_edge_list([(0, 3), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
>>> G.predecessor_indices(3)  # predecessors of the 'D' node
NodeIndices[2, 1, 0]
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieve a mapping with digraph_vf2_mapping

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.digraph_vf2_mapping.html

Creates two directed path graphs and uses digraph_vf2_mapping with subgraph=True to get an iterator. The example then attempts to retrieve the first mapping, catching StopIteration if no mapping exists.

```python
graph_a = rustworkx.generators.directed_path_graph(3)
graph_b = rustworkx.generators.direccted_path_graph(2)
vf2 = rustworkx.digraph_vf2_mapping(graph_a, graph_b, subgraph=True)
try:
    mapping = next(vf2)
except StopIteration:
    pass
```

--------------------------------

### Using IndexPartitionBlock with digraph_maximum_bisimulation

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.IndexPartitionBlock.html

Shows how to access elements of an IndexPartitionBlock by index and iterate over it. The example creates a directed path graph with two nodes, computes the maximum bisimulation partition, and demonstrates both index-based access and iteration.

```python
import rustworkx as rx

graph = rx.generators.directed_path_graph(2)
partition = rx.digraph_maximum_bisimulation(graph)
a_partition_block = partition[0]
# Index based access
first_element = a_partition_block[0]
# Use as iterator
block_iter = iter(a_partition_block)
another_element = next(block_iter)
the_second_element = next(block_iter)
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Using lexicographical_topological_sort with a key

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.lexicographical_topological_sort.html

Creates a PyDiGraph with nodes labeled A through G, adds edges from each of A-F to G, then shows that topological_sort returns nodes in arbitrary order while lexicographical_topological_sort with key=str returns them in alphabetical order.

```python
>>> G = rx.PyDiGraph()
>>> a, b, c, d, e, f, g = G.add_nodes_from(["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G"])
>>> G.add_edges_from_no_data([(a, g), (b, g), (c, g), (d, g), (e, g), (f, g)])
>>> rx.topological_sort(G)
NodeIndices[5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 6]                     # First 6 items in any order
>>> rx.lexicographical_topological_sort(G, key=str)
['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G']                  # First 6 items in alphabetical order
```

--------------------------------

### Record tree edges with BFSVisitor

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/_modules/rustworkx.html

Example of using rustworkx.bfs_search with a custom BFSVisitor subclass to record tree edges during traversal. The visitor's tree_edge method appends each edge to a list. The graph is a PyDiGraph and the search starts from node 0.

```python
import rustworkx as rx
from rustworkx.visit import BFSVisitor

class TreeEdgesRecorder(BFSVisitor):

    def __init__(self):
        self.edges = []

    def tree_edge(self, edge):
        self.edges.append(edge)

graph = rx.PyDiGraph()
graph.extend_from_edge_list([(1, 3), (0, 1), (2, 1), (0, 2)])
vis = TreeEdgesRecorder()
rx.bfs_search(graph, [0], vis)
print('Tree edges:', vis.edges)
```

--------------------------------

### Install cargo-fuzz

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/CONTRIBUTING.html

Installs the cargo-fuzz tool required for fuzz testing.

```bash
cargo install cargo-fuzz
```

--------------------------------

### Using PathMapping with dijkstra_shortest_paths

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.PathMapping.html

Shows how to access a path by target node index and iterate over the mapping. The example creates a directed path graph of 5 nodes and computes shortest paths from node 0.

```python
import rustworkx as rx

graph = rx.generators.directed_path_graph(5)
edges = rx.dijkstra_shortest_paths(0)
# Target node access
third_element = edges[2]
# Use as iterator
edges_iter = iter(edges)
first_target = next(edges_iter)
first_path = edges[first_target]
second_target = next(edges_iter)
second_path = edges[second_target]
```

--------------------------------

### Basic mpl_draw visualization

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/release_notes.html

Visualizes a grid graph without labels using rustworkx.visualization.mpl_draw. Requires matplotlib, installable via pip install matplotlib or pip install 'rustworkx[mpl]'.

```python
import rustworkx
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

graph = rustworkx.generators.grid_graph(4, 6)
mpl_draw(graph)
```

--------------------------------

### Example of using digraph_cartesian_product

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.digraph_cartesian_product.html

Creates two directed path graphs, computes their cartesian product, and draws the result using mpl_draw.

```python
import rustworkx.generators
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

graph_1 = rustworkx.generators.directed_path_graph(2)
graph_2 = rustworkx.generators.directed_path_graph(3)
graph_product, _ = rustworkx.digraph_cartesian_product(graph_1, graph_2)
mpl_draw(graph_product)
```

--------------------------------

### draw_nodes function body: imports, axis setup, and scatter

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/_modules/rustworkx/visualization/matplotlib.html

This snippet contains the implementation body of the draw_nodes function. It imports matplotlib modules, raises an ImportError if matplotlib is not installed, sets up the axes, filters the node list, handles empty node lists, converts positions to a numpy array, applies alpha to node colors, and calls ax.scatter to draw the nodes. It also disables axis ticks.

```python
    try:
        import matplotlib as mpl
        import matplotlib.collections  # type: ignore
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    except ImportError as e:
        raise ImportError(
            "matplotlib needs to be installed prior to running "
            "rustworkx.visualization.mpl_draw(). You can install "
            "matplotlib with:\n'pip install matplotlib'"
        ) from e

    if ax is None:
        ax = plt.gca()

    if node_list is None:
        node_list = graph.node_indices()

    # empty node_list, no drawing
    if len(node_list) == 0:
        return mpl.collections.PathCollection(None)

    try:
        xy = np.asarray([pos[v] for v in node_list])
    except KeyError as e:
        raise IndexError(f"Node {e} has no position.") from e

    if isinstance(alpha, Iterable):
        node_color = apply_alpha(node_color, alpha, node_list, cmap, vmin, vmax)
        alpha = None

    node_collection = ax.scatter(
        xy[:, 0],
        xy[:, 1],
        s=node_size,
        c=node_color,
        marker=node_shape,
        cmap=cmap,
        vmin=vmin,
        vmax=vmax,
        alpha=alpha,
        linewidths=linewidths,
        edgecolors=edgecolors,
        label=label,
    )
    ax.tick_params(
        axis="both",
        which="both",
        bottom=False,
        left=False,
        labelbottom=False,
        labelleft=False,
    )
```

--------------------------------

### Build second graph and visualize

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.PyGraph.compose.html

Creates a second PyGraph with two nodes and one edge, then visualizes it. This is the second step in the compose example.

```python
# Build second graph and visualize:
other_graph = rx.PyGraph()
node_d, node_e = other_graph.add_nodes_from(['D', 'E'])
other_graph.add_edge(node_d, node_e, 'D to E')
mpl_draw(other_graph, with_labels=True, labels=str, edge_labels=str)
```

--------------------------------

### Customized mpl_draw visualization

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/release_notes.html

Visualizes a grid graph with custom node and edge colors using mpl_draw. Requires matplotlib, installable via pip install matplotlib or pip install 'rustworkx[mpl]'.

```python
import rustworkx
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

graph = rustworkx.generators.grid_graph(4, 6)
mpl_draw(graph, node_color='r', edge_color='#00FFFF')
```

--------------------------------

### Example usage of PathLengthMapping with dijkstra_shortest_path_lengths

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.PathLengthMapping.html

Shows how to access target nodes by index and iterate over the mapping. The example creates a directed path graph with 5 nodes and computes shortest path lengths from node 0. It demonstrates direct access via edges[2] and iteration using iter(edges).

```python
import rustworkx as rx

graph = rx.generators.directed_path_graph(5)
edges = rx.dijkstra_shortest_path_lengths(0)
# Target node access
third_element = edges[2]
# Use as iterator
edges_iter = iter(edges)
first_target = next(edges_iter)
first_path = edges[first_target]
second_target = next(edges_iter)
second_path = edges[second_target]
```

--------------------------------

### Install reno with pip

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/CONTRIBUTING.html

Install the reno tool using pip. Required before creating release notes.

```bash
pip install -U reno
```

--------------------------------

### Construct a line graph with graph_line_graph()

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/release_notes.html

Creates a PyGraph, adds nodes and edges, then calls rx.graph_line_graph() to build the line graph. The example asserts the resulting node indices, edge list, and edge map, then draws the graph with mpl_draw.

```python
import rustworkx as rx
from rustworkx.visualization import mpl_draw

graph = rx.PyGraph()
node_a = graph.add_node("a")
node_b = graph.add_node("b")
node_c = graph.add_node("c")
node_d = graph.add_node("d")
edge_ab = graph.add_edge(node_a, node_b, 1)
edge_ac = graph.add_edge(node_a, node_c, 1)
edge_bc = graph.add_edge(node_b, node_c, 1)
edge_ad = graph.add_edge(node_a, node_d, 1)

out_graph, out_edge_map = rx.graph_line_graph(graph)
assert out_graph.node_indices() == [0, 1, 2, 3]
assert out_graph.edge_list() == [(3, 1), (3, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (2, 1)]
assert out_edge_map == {edge_ab: 0, edge_ac: 1, edge_bc: 2, edge_ad: 3}
mpl_draw(out_graph, with_labels=True)
```

--------------------------------

### Output of tree edges example

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.dfs_search.html

The output produced by the preceding Python example, showing the recorded tree edges.

```text
Tree edges: [(0, 2, None), (2, 1, None), (1, 3, None)]
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Graph from Edge List: NetworkX vs rustworkx

Source: https://www.rustworkx.org/networkx.html

Shows how to create a graph from an edge list in both NetworkX and rustworkx. rustworkx requires a list of 2-tuples, while NetworkX can accept an iterator.

```python
Graph([(0, 1), (1, 0)])
```

```python
graph = PyGraph()
graph.extend_from_edge_list([(0, 1), (1, 0)])
```
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