### Image struct with color space conversion and ownership handling

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/mod.rs.html

Defines the internal Image wrapper around a tiny_skia::Pixmap, storing its region and color interpolation. Provides methods to create from a pixmap, convert between SRGB and LinearRGB color spaces, take ownership of the underlying pixmap (cloning if needed), and query dimensions or get a reference.

```rust
impl Image {
    fn from_image(image: tiny_skia::Pixmap, color_space: usvg::filter::ColorInterpolation) -> Self {
        let (w, h) = (image.width(), image.height());
        Image {
            image: Rc::new(image),
            region: IntRect::from_xywh(0, 0, w, h).unwrap(),
            color_space,
        }
    }

    fn into_color_space(
        self,
        color_space: usvg::filter::ColorInterpolation,
    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        if color_space != self.color_space {
            let region = self.region;

            let mut image = self.take()?;

            match color_space {
                usvg::filter::ColorInterpolation::SRGB => image.into_srgb(),
                usvg::filter::ColorInterpolation::LinearRGB => image.into_linear_rgb(),
            }

            Ok(Image {
                image: Rc::new(image),
                region,
                color_space,
            })
        } else {
            Ok(self)
        }
    }

    fn take(self) -> Result<tiny_skia::Pixmap, Error> {
        match Rc::try_unwrap(self.image) {
            Ok(v) => Ok(v),
            Err(v) => Ok((*v).clone()),
        }
    }

    fn width(&self) -> u32 {
        self.image.width()
    }

    fn height(&self) -> u32 {
        self.image.height()
    }

    fn as_ref(&self) -> &tiny_skia::Pixmap {
        &self.image
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Lighting implementation in lighting.rs

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/lighting.rs.html

The core implementation of lighting filters including vector math structures and the public diffuse and specular lighting functions.

```rust
1// Copyright 2020 the Resvg Authors
2// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
3
4use super::{ImageRef, ImageRefMut, f32_bound};
5use rgb::RGBA8;
6use usvg::filter::{DiffuseLighting, LightSource, SpecularLighting};
7use usvg::{ApproxEqUlps, ApproxZeroUlps, Color};
8
9const FACTOR_1_2: f32 = 1.0 / 2.0;
10const FACTOR_1_3: f32 = 1.0 / 3.0;
11const FACTOR_1_4: f32 = 1.0 / 4.0;
12const FACTOR_2_3: f32 = 2.0 / 3.0;
13
14#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
15struct Vector2 {
16    x: f32,
17    y: f32,
18}
19
20impl Vector2 {
21    #[inline]
22    fn new(x: f32, y: f32) -> Self {
23        Vector2 { x, y }
24    }
25
26    #[inline]
27    fn approx_zero(&self) -> bool {
28        self.x.approx_zero_ulps(4) && self.y.approx_zero_ulps(4)
29    }
30}
31
32impl core::ops::Mul<f32> for Vector2 {
33    type Output = Self;
34
35    #[inline]
36    fn mul(self, c: f32) -> Self::Output {
37        Vector2 {
38            x: self.x * c,
39            y: self.y * c,
40        }
41    }
42}
43
44#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
45struct Vector3 {
46    x: f32,
47    y: f32,
48    z: f32,
49}
50
51impl Vector3 {
52    #[inline]
53    fn new(x: f32, y: f32, z: f32) -> Self {
54        Vector3 { x, y, z }
55    }
56
57    #[inline]
58    fn dot(&self, other: &Self) -> f32 {
59        self.x * other.x + self.y * other.y + self.z * other.z
60    }
61
62    #[inline]
63    fn length(&self) -> f32 {
64        (self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y + self.z * self.z).sqrt()
65    }
66
67    #[inline]
68    fn normalized(&self) -> Option<Self> {
69        let length = self.length();
70        if !length.approx_zero_ulps(4) {
71            Some(Vector3 {
72                x: self.x / length,
73                y: self.y / length,
74                z: self.z / length,
75            })
76        } else {
77            None
78        }
79    }
80}
81
82impl core::ops::Add<Vector3> for Vector3 {
83    type Output = Self;
84
85    #[inline]
86    fn add(self, rhs: Vector3) -> Self::Output {
87        Vector3 {
88            x: self.x + rhs.x,
89            y: self.y + rhs.y,
90            z: self.z + rhs.z,
91        }
92    }
93}
94
95impl core::ops::Sub<Vector3> for Vector3 {
96    type Output = Self;
97
98    #[inline]
99    fn sub(self, rhs: Vector3) -> Self::Output {
100        Vector3 {
101            x: self.x - rhs.x,
102            y: self.y - rhs.y,
103            z: self.z - rhs.z,
104        }
105    }
106}
107
108#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
109struct Normal {
110    factor: Vector2,
111    normal: Vector2,
112}
113
114impl Normal {
115    #[inline]
116    fn new(factor_x: f32, factor_y: f32, nx: i16, ny: i16) -> Self {
117        Normal {
118            factor: Vector2::new(factor_x, factor_y),
119            normal: Vector2::new(-nx as f32, -ny as f32),
120        }
121    }
122}
123
124/// Renders a diffuse lighting.
125///
126/// - `src` pixels can have any alpha method, since only the alpha channel is used.
127/// - `dest` will have an **unpremultiplied alpha**.
128///
129/// Does nothing when `src` is less than 3x3.
130///
131/// `src` and `dest` dimensions must match.
132pub fn diffuse_lighting(
133    fe: &DiffuseLighting,
134    light_source: LightSource,
135    src: ImageRef,
136    dest: ImageRefMut,
137) {
138    debug_assert!(src.width == dest.width && src.height == dest.height);
139
140    let light_factor = |normal: Normal, light_vector: Vector3| {
141        let k = if normal.normal.approx_zero() {
142            light_vector.z
143        } else {
144            let mut n = normal.normal * (fe.surface_scale() / 255.0);
145            n.x *= normal.factor.x;
146            n.y *= normal.factor.y;
147
148            let normal = Vector3::new(n.x, n.y, 1.0);
149
150            normal.dot(&light_vector) / normal.length()
151        };
152
153        fe.diffuse_constant() * k
154    };
155
156    apply(
157        light_source,
158        fe.surface_scale(),
159        fe.lighting_color(),
160        &light_factor,
161        calc_diffuse_alpha,
162        src,
163        dest,
164    );
165}
166
167/// Renders a specular lighting.
168///
169/// - `src` pixels can have any alpha method, since only the alpha channel is used.
170/// - `dest` will have a **premultiplied alpha**.
171///
172/// Does nothing when `src` is less than 3x3.
173///
174/// `src` and `dest` dimensions must match.
175pub fn specular_lighting(
176    fe: &SpecularLighting,
177    light_source: LightSource,
178    src: ImageRef,
179    dest: ImageRefMut,
180) {
181    debug_assert!(src.width == dest.width && src.height == dest.height);
182
183    let light_factor = |normal: Normal, light_vector: Vector3| {
184        let h = light_vector + Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
185        let h_length = h.length();
186
187        if h_length.approx_zero_ulps(4) {
188            return 0.0;
189        }
```

--------------------------------

### Apply Lighting Function

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/lighting.rs.html

Applies light sources to an image buffer by iterating over pixels and calculating lighting factors.

```rust
fn apply(
    light_source: LightSource,
    surface_scale: f32,
    lighting_color: Color,
    light_factor: &dyn Fn(Normal, Vector3) -> f32,
    calc_alpha: fn(u8, u8, u8) -> u8,
    src: ImageRef,
    mut dest: ImageRefMut,
) {
    if src.width < 3 || src.height < 3 {
        return;
    }

    let width = src.width;
    let height = src.height;

    // `feDistantLight` has a fixed vector, so calculate it beforehand.
    let mut light_vector = match light_source {
        LightSource::DistantLight(light) => {
            let azimuth = light.azimuth.to_radians();
            let elevation = light.elevation.to_radians();
            Vector3::new(
                azimuth.cos() * elevation.cos(),
                azimuth.sin() * elevation.cos(),
                elevation.sin(),
            )
        }
        _ => Vector3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
    };

    let mut calc = |nx, ny, normal: Normal| {
        match light_source {
            LightSource::DistantLight(_) => {}
            LightSource::PointLight(ref light) => {
                let nz = src.alpha_at(nx, ny) as f32 / 255.0 * surface_scale;
                let origin = Vector3::new(light.x, light.y, light.z);
                let v = origin - Vector3::new(nx as f32, ny as f32, nz);
                light_vector = v.normalized().unwrap_or(v);
            }
            LightSource::SpotLight(ref light) => {
                let nz = src.alpha_at(nx, ny) as f32 / 255.0 * surface_scale;
                let origin = Vector3::new(light.x, light.y, light.z);
                let v = origin - Vector3::new(nx as f32, ny as f32, nz);
                light_vector = v.normalized().unwrap_or(v);
            }
        }

        let light_color = light_color(&light_source, lighting_color, light_vector);
        let factor = light_factor(normal, light_vector);

        let compute = |x| (f32_bound(0.0, x as f32 * factor, 255.0) + 0.5) as u8;

        let r = compute(light_color.red);
        let g = compute(light_color.green);
        let b = compute(light_color.blue);
        let a = calc_alpha(r, g, b);

        *dest.pixel_at_mut(nx, ny) = RGBA8 { b, g, r, a };
    };

    calc(0, 0, top_left_normal(src));
    calc(width - 1, 0, top_right_normal(src));
    calc(0, height - 1, bottom_left_normal(src));
    calc(width - 1, height - 1, bottom_right_normal(src));

    for x in 1..width - 1 {
        calc(x, 0, top_row_normal(src, x));
        calc(x, height - 1, bottom_row_normal(src, x));
    }

    for y in 1..height - 1 {
        calc(0, y, left_column_normal(src, y));
        calc(width - 1, y, right_column_normal(src, y));
    }

    for y in 1..height - 1 {
        for x in 1..width - 1 {
            calc(x, y, interior_normal(src, x, y));
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Gradient Conversion Utilities

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/path.rs.html

Functions to convert SVG linear and radial gradients to tiny_skia shaders.

```rust
fn convert_linear_gradient(
    gradient: &usvg::LinearGradient,
    opacity: usvg::Opacity,
) -> Option<tiny_skia::Shader<'_>> {
    let (mode, points) = convert_base_gradient(gradient, opacity)?;

    let shader = tiny_skia::LinearGradient::new(
        (gradient.x1(), gradient.y1()).into(),
        (gradient.x2(), gradient.y2()).into(),
        points,
        mode,
        gradient.transform(),
    )?;

    Some(shader)
}

fn convert_radial_gradient(
    gradient: &usvg::RadialGradient,
    opacity: usvg::Opacity,
) -> Option<tiny_skia::Shader<'_>> {
    let (mode, points) = convert_base_gradient(gradient, opacity)?;

    let shader = tiny_skia::RadialGradient::new(
        (gradient.fx(), gradient.fy()).into(),
        gradient.fr().get(),
```

--------------------------------

### Image Rendering Logic

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/image.rs.html

The primary entry point for rendering an image, which checks visibility and delegates to the appropriate rendering implementation.

```rust
pub fn render(
    image: &usvg::Image,
    transform: tiny_skia::Transform,
    pixmap: &mut tiny_skia::PixmapMut,
) {
    if !image.is_visible() {
        return;
    }

    render_inner(image.kind(), transform, image.rendering_mode(), pixmap);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Fill Path Implementation

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/path.rs.html

Fills a path using the specified paint, handling colors, gradients, and patterns.

```rust
pub fn fill_path(
    path: &usvg::Path,
    blend_mode: tiny_skia::BlendMode,
    ctx: &Context,
    transform: tiny_skia::Transform,
    pixmap: &mut tiny_skia::PixmapMut,
) -> Option<()> {
    let fill = path.fill()?;

    // Horizontal and vertical lines cannot be filled. Skip.
    if path.data().bounds().width() == 0.0 || path.data().bounds().height() == 0.0 {
        return None;
    }

    let rule = match fill.rule() {
        usvg::FillRule::NonZero => tiny_skia::FillRule::Winding,
        usvg::FillRule::EvenOdd => tiny_skia::FillRule::EvenOdd,
    };

    let pattern_pixmap;
    let mut paint = tiny_skia::Paint::default();
    match fill.paint() {
        usvg::Paint::Color(c) => {
            paint.set_color_rgba8(c.red, c.green, c.blue, fill.opacity().to_u8());
        }
        usvg::Paint::LinearGradient(lg) => {
            paint.shader = convert_linear_gradient(lg, fill.opacity())?;
        }
        usvg::Paint::RadialGradient(rg) => {
            paint.shader = convert_radial_gradient(rg, fill.opacity())?;
        }
        usvg::Paint::Pattern(pattern) => {
            let (patt_pix, patt_ts) = render_pattern_pixmap(pattern, ctx, transform)?;

            pattern_pixmap = patt_pix;
            paint.shader = tiny_skia::Pattern::new(
                pattern_pixmap.as_ref(),
                tiny_skia::SpreadMode::Repeat,
                tiny_skia::FilterQuality::Bicubic,
                fill.opacity().get(),
                patt_ts,
            );
        }
    }
    paint.anti_alias = path.rendering_mode().use_shape_antialiasing();
    paint.blend_mode = blend_mode;

    pixmap.fill_path(path.data(), &paint, rule, transform, None);
    Some(())
}
```

--------------------------------

### Convert Blend Mode

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/render.rs.html

Maps usvg blend modes to tiny-skia blend modes.

```rust
pub fn convert_blend_mode(mode: usvg::BlendMode) -> tiny_skia::BlendMode {
    match mode {
        usvg::BlendMode::Normal => tiny_skia::BlendMode::SourceOver,
```

--------------------------------

### arithmetic(k1, k2, k3, k4, src1, src2, dest)

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/composite.rs.html

Performs an arithmetic composition. `src1` and `src2` image pixels should have a premultiplied alpha; `dest` image pixels will have a premultiplied alpha. The dimensions of `src1`, `src2`, and `dest` must match.

```APIDOC
## arithmetic(k1, k2, k3, k4, src1, src2, dest)

### Description
Performs an arithmetic composition. `src1` and `src2` image pixels should have a **premultiplied alpha**. `dest` image pixels will have a **premultiplied alpha**. The `src1`, `src2`, and `dest` dimensions must match.

### Method
Rust function call.

### Signature
```rust
pub fn arithmetic(
    k1: f32,
    k2: f32,
    k3: f32,
    k4: f32,
    src1: ImageRef,
    src2: ImageRef,
    dest: ImageRefMut,
)
```

### Parameters
- **k1** (f32) - Required - Arithmetic coefficient k1.
- **k2** (f32) - Required - Arithmetic coefficient k2.
- **k3** (f32) - Required - Arithmetic coefficient k3.
- **k4** (f32) - Required - Arithmetic coefficient k4.
- **src1** (ImageRef) - Required - First source image with premultiplied alpha.
- **src2** (ImageRef) - Required - Second source image with premultiplied alpha.
- **dest** (ImageRefMut) - Required - Destination image that will receive the result with premultiplied alpha.

### Notes
- Input images (`src1`, `src2`) must have premultiplied alpha.
- The output image (`dest`) will contain premultiplied alpha pixels.
- The width and height of `src1`, `src2`, and `dest` must all match; otherwise, assertions fail in debug builds.

```

--------------------------------

### apply_tile function

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/mod.rs.html

Creates a tiled pattern from an input image to fill the specified region.

```rust
fn apply_tile(input: Image, region: IntRect) -> Result<Image, Error> {
    let subregion = input.region.translate(-region.x(), -region.y()).unwrap();

    let tile_pixmap = input.image.copy_region(subregion)?;
    let mut paint = tiny_skia::Paint::default();
    paint.shader = tiny_skia::Pattern::new(
        tile_pixmap.as_ref(),
        tiny_skia::SpreadMode::Repeat,
        tiny_skia::FilterQuality::Bicubic,
        1.0,
        tiny_skia::Transform::from_translate(subregion.x() as f32, subregion.y() as f32),
    );

    let mut pixmap = tiny_skia::Pixmap::try_create(region.width(), region.height())?;
```

--------------------------------

### IIR Blur Implementation

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/iir_blur.rs.html

The core implementation of the IIR blur algorithm, including the main apply function and the recursive Gaussian channel processing.

```rust
// Copyright 2020 the Resvg Authors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT

// An IIR blur.
//
// Based on http://www.getreuer.info/home/gaussianiir
//
// Licensed under 'Simplified BSD License'.
//
//
// Implements the fast Gaussian convolution algorithm of Alvarez and Mazorra,
// where the Gaussian is approximated by a cascade of first-order infinite
// impulsive response (IIR) filters.  Boundaries are handled with half-sample
// symmetric extension.
//
// Gaussian convolution is approached as approximating the heat equation and
// each timestep is performed with an efficient recursive computation.  Using
// more steps yields a more accurate approximation of the Gaussian.  A
// reasonable default value for `numsteps` is 4.
//
// Reference:
// Alvarez, Mazorra, "Signal and Image Restoration using Shock Filters and
// Anisotropic Diffusion," SIAM J. on Numerical Analysis, vol. 31, no. 2,
// pp. 590-605, 1994.

// TODO: Blurs right and bottom sides twice for some reason.

use super::ImageRefMut;

struct BlurData {
    width: usize,
    height: usize,
    sigma_x: f64,
    sigma_y: f64,
    steps: usize,
}

/// Applies an IIR blur.
///
/// Input image pixels should have a **premultiplied alpha**.
///
/// A negative or zero `sigma_x`/`sigma_y` will disable the blur along that axis.
///
/// # Allocations
///
/// This method will allocate a 2x `src` buffer.
pub fn apply(sigma_x: f64, sigma_y: f64, src: ImageRefMut) {
    let buf_size = (src.width * src.height) as usize;
    let mut buf = vec![0.0; buf_size];
    let buf = &mut buf;

    let d = BlurData {
        width: src.width as usize,
        height: src.height as usize,
        sigma_x,
        sigma_y,
        steps: 4,
    };

    let data = bytemuck::cast_slice_mut(src.data);
    gaussian_channel(data, &d, 0, buf);
    gaussian_channel(data, &d, 1, buf);
    gaussian_channel(data, &d, 2, buf);
    gaussian_channel(data, &d, 3, buf);
}

fn gaussian_channel(data: &mut [u8], d: &BlurData, channel: usize, buf: &mut [f64]) {
    for i in 0..data.len() / 4 {
        buf[i] = data[i * 4 + channel] as f64 / 255.0;
    }

    gaussianiir2d(d, buf);

    for i in 0..data.len() / 4 {
        data[i * 4 + channel] = (buf[i] * 255.0) as u8;
    }
}

fn gaussianiir2d(d: &BlurData, buf: &mut [f64]) {
    // Filter horizontally along each row.
    let (lambda_x, dnu_x) = if d.sigma_x > 0.0 {
        let (lambda, dnu) = gen_coefficients(d.sigma_x, d.steps);

        for y in 0..d.height {
            for _ in 0..d.steps {
                let idx = d.width * y;

                // Filter rightwards.
                for x in 1..d.width {
                    buf[idx + x] += dnu * buf[idx + x - 1];
                }

                let mut x = d.width - 1;

                // Filter leftwards.
                while x > 0 {
                    buf[idx + x - 1] += dnu * buf[idx + x];
                    x -= 1;
                }
            }
        }

        (lambda, dnu)
    } else {
        (1.0, 1.0)
    };

    // Filter vertically along each column.
    let (lambda_y, dnu_y) = if d.sigma_y > 0.0 {
        let (lambda, dnu) = gen_coefficients(d.sigma_y, d.steps);
        for x in 0..d.width {
            for _ in 0..d.steps {
                let idx = x;

                // Filter downwards.
                let mut y = d.width;
                while y < buf.len() {
                    buf[idx + y] += dnu * buf[idx + y - d.width];
                    y += d.width;
                }

                y = buf.len() - d.width;

                // Filter upwards.
                while y > 0 {
                    buf[idx + y - d.width] += dnu * buf[idx + y];
                    y -= d.width;
                }
            }
        }

        (lambda, dnu)
    } else {
        (1.0, 1.0)
    };

    let post_scale =
        ((dnu_x * dnu_y).sqrt() / (lambda_x * lambda_y).sqrt()).powi(2 * d.steps as i32);
    buf.iter_mut().for_each(|v| *v *= post_scale);
}

fn gen_coefficients(sigma: f64, steps: usize) -> (f64, f64) {
    let lambda = (sigma * sigma) / (2.0 * steps as f64);
    let dnu = (1.0 + 2.0 * lambda - (1.0 + 4.0 * lambda).sqrt()) / (2.0 * lambda);
    (lambda, dnu)
}
```

--------------------------------

### render_pattern_pixmap function

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/path.rs.html

Renders a usvg::Pattern into a tiny_skia::Pixmap, calculating the necessary transformation matrix for the pattern content.

```rust
fn render_pattern_pixmap(
    pattern: &usvg::Pattern,
    ctx: &Context,
    transform: tiny_skia::Transform,
) -> Option<(tiny_skia::Pixmap, tiny_skia::Transform)> {
    let (sx, sy) = {
        let ts2 = transform.pre_concat(pattern.transform());
        ts2.get_scale()
    };

    let rect = pattern.rect();
    let img_size = tiny_skia::IntSize::from_wh(
        (rect.width() * sx).round() as u32,
        (rect.height() * sy).round() as u32,
    )?;
    let mut pixmap = tiny_skia::Pixmap::new(img_size.width(), img_size.height())?;

    let transform = tiny_skia::Transform::from_scale(sx, sy);
    crate::render::render_nodes(pattern.root(), ctx, transform, &mut pixmap.as_mut());

    let mut ts = tiny_skia::Transform::default();
    ts = ts.pre_concat(pattern.transform());
    ts = ts.pre_translate(rect.x(), rect.y());
    ts = ts.pre_scale(1.0 / sx, 1.0 / sy);

    Some((pixmap, ts))
}
```

--------------------------------

### Render raster image

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/image.rs.html

Renders a raster image onto a tiny-skia PixmapMut using specified rendering modes and transformations.

```rust
pub(crate) fn render_raster(
    image: &usvg::ImageKind,
    transform: tiny_skia::Transform,
    rendering_mode: usvg::ImageRendering,
    pixmap: &mut tiny_skia::PixmapMut,
) -> Option<()> {
    let raster = decode_raster(image)?;

    let rect = tiny_skia::Size::from_wh(raster.width() as f32, raster.height() as f32)?
        .to_rect(0.0, 0.0)?;

    let quality = match rendering_mode {
        ImageRendering::OptimizeQuality => tiny_skia::FilterQuality::Bicubic,
        ImageRendering::OptimizeSpeed => tiny_skia::FilterQuality::Nearest,
        ImageRendering::Smooth => tiny_skia::FilterQuality::Bilinear,
        ImageRendering::HighQuality => tiny_skia::FilterQuality::Bicubic,
        ImageRendering::CrispEdges => tiny_skia::FilterQuality::Nearest,
        ImageRendering::Pixelated => tiny_skia::FilterQuality::Nearest,
    };

    let pattern = tiny_skia::Pattern::new(
        raster.as_ref(),
        tiny_skia::SpreadMode::Pad,
        quality,
        1.0,
        tiny_skia::Transform::default(),
    );
    let mut paint = tiny_skia::Paint::default();
    paint.shader = pattern;

    pixmap.fill_rect(rect, &paint, transform, None);

    Some(())
}
```

--------------------------------

### Convert sRGB pixel data to LinearRGB (into_linear_rgb)

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/mod.rs.html

Converts each pixel's RGB channels from sRGB to LinearRGB using the precomputed table. Requires unpremultiplied alpha; alpha channel must be last, but RGB channel order is irrelevant.

```rust
/// Converts input pixel from sRGB into LinearRGB.
///
/// Provided pixels should have an **unpremultiplied alpha**.
///
/// RGB channels order of the input image doesn't matter, but alpha channel must be the last one.
fn into_linear_rgb(data: &mut [RGBA8]) {
    for p in data {
        p.r = SRGB_TO_LINEAR_RGB_TABLE[p.r as usize];
        p.g = SRGB_TO_LINEAR_RGB_TABLE[p.g as usize];
        p.b = SRGB_TO_LINEAR_RGB_TABLE[p.b as usize];
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### apply_specular_lighting

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/mod.rs.html

Applies specular lighting to an input image within a specified region.

```rust
fn apply_specular_lighting(
    fe: &usvg::filter::SpecularLighting,
    region: IntRect,
    cs: usvg::filter::ColorInterpolation,
    ts: usvg::Transform,
    input: Image,
) -> Result<Image, Error> {
    let mut pixmap = tiny_skia::Pixmap::try_create(region.width(), region.height())?;

    let light_source = transform_light_source(fe.light_source(), region, ts);

    lighting::specular_lighting(
        fe,
        light_source,
        input.as_ref().as_image_ref(),
        pixmap.as_image_ref_mut(),
    );

    Ok(Image::from_image(pixmap, cs))
}
```

--------------------------------

### Path Rendering Logic

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/path.rs.html

The render function handles the order of filling and stroking based on the path's paint order.

```rust
pub fn render(
    path: &usvg::Path,
    blend_mode: tiny_skia::BlendMode,
    ctx: &Context,
    transform: tiny_skia::Transform,
    pixmap: &mut tiny_skia::PixmapMut,
) {
    if !path.is_visible() {
        return;
    }

    if path.paint_order() == usvg::PaintOrder::FillAndStroke {
        fill_path(path, blend_mode, ctx, transform, pixmap);
        stroke_path(path, blend_mode, ctx, transform, pixmap);
    } else {
        stroke_path(path, blend_mode, ctx, transform, pixmap);
        fill_path(path, blend_mode, ctx, transform, pixmap);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Calculate Light Color

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/lighting.rs.html

Determines the color of the light source, handling spot light cone limitations.

```rust
fn light_color(light: &LightSource, lighting_color: Color, light_vector: Vector3) -> Color {
    match *light {
        LightSource::DistantLight(_) | LightSource::PointLight(_) => lighting_color,
        LightSource::SpotLight(ref light) => {
            let origin = Vector3::new(light.x, light.y, light.z);
            let direction = Vector3::new(light.points_at_x, light.points_at_y, light.points_at_z);
            let direction = direction - origin;
            let direction = direction.normalized().unwrap_or(direction);
            let minus_l_dot_s = -light_vector.dot(&direction);
            if minus_l_dot_s <= 0.0 {
                return Color::black();
            }

            if let Some(limiting_cone_angle) = light.limiting_cone_angle {
                if minus_l_dot_s < limiting_cone_angle.to_radians().cos() {
                    return Color::black();
```

--------------------------------

### Precomputed LinearRGB to sRGB table (LINEAR_RGB_TO_SRGB_TABLE)

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/mod.rs.html

A 256-entry lookup table mapping LinearRGB byte values to sRGB byte values. Used to avoid expensive per-pixel computations. The table is marked with #[rustfmt::skip] to preserve formatting.

```rust
/// Precomputed LinearRGB to sRGB table.
///
/// Since we are storing the result in `u8`, there is no need to compute those
/// values each time. Mainly because it's very expensive.
///
/// ```text
/// if (C_lin <= 0.0031308)
///     C_srgb = C_lin * 12.92;
/// else
///     C_srgb = 1.055 * pow(C_lin, 1.0 / 2.4) - 0.055;
/// ```
///
/// Thanks to librsvg for the idea.
#[rustfmt::skip]
const LINEAR_RGB_TO_SRGB_TABLE: &[u8; 256] = &[
    0,  13,  22,  28,  34,  38,  42,  46,  50,  53,  56,  59,  61,  64,  66,  69,
    71,  73,  75,  77,  79,  81,  83,  85,  86,  88,  90,  92,  93,  95,  96,  98,
    99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119,
    120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136,
    137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 148, 149, 150, 151,
    152, 153, 154, 155, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 163, 164,
    165, 166, 167, 167, 168, 169, 170, 170, 171, 172, 173, 173, 174, 175, 175, 176,
    177, 178, 178, 179, 180, 180, 181, 182, 182, 183, 184, 185, 185, 186, 187, 187,
    188, 189, 189, 190, 190, 191, 192, 192, 193, 194, 194, 195, 196, 196, 197, 197,
    198, 199, 199, 200, 200, 201, 202, 202, 203, 203, 204, 205, 205, 206, 206, 207,
    208, 208, 209, 209, 210, 210, 211, 212, 212, 213, 213, 214, 214, 215, 215, 216,
    216, 217, 218, 218, 219, 219, 220, 220, 221, 221, 222, 222, 223, 223, 224, 224,
    225, 226, 226, 227, 227, 228, 228, 229, 229, 230, 230, 231, 231, 232, 232, 233,
    233, 234, 234, 235, 235, 236, 236, 237, 237, 238, 238, 238, 239, 239, 240, 240,
    241, 241, 242, 242, 243, 243, 244, 244, 245, 245, 246, 246, 246, 247, 247, 248,
    248, 249, 249, 250, 250, 251, 251, 251, 252, 252, 253, 253, 254, 254, 255, 255,
];
```

--------------------------------

### Convert RGB data to Pixmap

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/image.rs.html

Converts a slice of RGB data into a tiny-skia Pixmap, setting the alpha channel to 255.

```rust
fn rgb_to_pixmap(data: &[u8], pixmap: &mut tiny_skia::Pixmap) {
    use rgb::FromSlice;

    let mut i = 0;
    let dst = pixmap.data_mut();
    for p in data.as_rgb() {
        dst[i + 0] = p.r;
        dst[i + 1] = p.g;
        dst[i + 2] = p.b;
        dst[i + 3] = 255;

        i += tiny_skia::BYTES_PER_PIXEL;
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### resvg lib.rs source code

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/lib.rs.html

The complete source code of the resvg library's lib.rs file, including the render and render_node functions, the OptionLog trait, the max_filter_bbox helper, and a test module.

```rust
// Copyright 2017 the Resvg Authors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT

/*!
[resvg](https://github.com/linebender/resvg) is an SVG rendering library.
*/

#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
#![warn(missing_docs)]
#![allow(clippy::field_reassign_with_default)]
#![allow(clippy::identity_op)]
#![allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
#![allow(clippy::uninlined_format_args)]
#![allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
#![allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]

pub use tiny_skia;
pub use usvg;

mod clip;
mod filter;
mod geom;
mod image;
mod mask;
mod path;
mod render;

/// Renders a tree onto the pixmap.
///
/// `transform` will be used as a root transform.
/// Can be used to position SVG inside the `pixmap`.
///
/// The produced content is in the sRGB color space.
pub fn render(
    tree: &usvg::Tree,
    transform: tiny_skia::Transform,
    pixmap: &mut tiny_skia::PixmapMut,
) {
    let max_bbox = max_filter_bbox(pixmap.width(), pixmap.height());

    let ctx = render::Context { max_bbox };
    render::render_nodes(tree.root(), &ctx, transform, pixmap);
}

/// Renders a node onto the pixmap.
///
/// `transform` will be used as a root transform.
/// Can be used to position SVG inside the `pixmap`.
///
/// The expected pixmap size can be retrieved from `usvg::Node::abs_layer_bounding_box()`.
///
/// Returns `None` when `node` has a zero size.
///
/// The produced content is in the sRGB color space.
pub fn render_node(
    node: &usvg::Node,
    mut transform: tiny_skia::Transform,
    pixmap: &mut tiny_skia::PixmapMut,
) -> Option<()> {
    let bbox = node.abs_layer_bounding_box()?;

    let max_bbox = max_filter_bbox(pixmap.width(), pixmap.height());

    transform = transform.pre_translate(-bbox.x(), -bbox.y());

    let ctx = render::Context { max_bbox };
    render::render_node(node, &ctx, transform, pixmap);

    Some(())
}

pub(crate) trait OptionLog {
    fn log_none<F: FnOnce()>(self, f: F) -> Self;
}

impl<T> OptionLog for Option<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn log_none<F: FnOnce()>(self, f: F) -> Self {
        self.or_else(|| {
            f();
            None
        })
    }
}

fn max_filter_bbox(width: u32, height: u32) -> tiny_skia::IntRect {
    tiny_skia::IntRect::from_xywh(
        i32::try_from(width).unwrap_or(i32::MAX).saturating_mul(-2),
        i32::try_from(height).unwrap_or(i32::MAX).saturating_mul(-2),
        width.saturating_mul(5),
        height.saturating_mul(5),
    )
    .unwrap_or_else(|| {
        tiny_skia::IntRect::from_ltrb(i32::MIN / 2, i32::MIN / 2, i32::MAX / 2, i32::MAX / 2)
            .unwrap()
    })
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    #[test]
    fn max_filter_bbox_is_clamped() {
        let bbox = super::max_filter_bbox(u32::MAX, u32::MAX);
        assert_eq!(bbox.left(), i32::MIN / 2);
        assert_eq!(bbox.top(), i32::MIN / 2);
        assert_eq!(bbox.right(), i32::MAX / 2);
        assert_eq!(bbox.bottom(), i32::MAX / 2);
    }
}

```

--------------------------------

### Pixel normalization helpers

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/color_matrix.rs.html

Utility functions to convert between 8-bit RGBA pixels and normalized floating-point components.

```rust
97#[inline]
98fn to_normalized_components(pixel: RGBA8) -> (f32, f32, f32, f32) {
99    (
100        pixel.r as f32 / 255.0,
101        pixel.g as f32 / 255.0,
102        pixel.b as f32 / 255.0,
103        pixel.a as f32 / 255.0,
104    )
105}
106
107#[inline]
108fn from_normalized(c: f32) -> u8 {
109    (f32_bound(0.0, c, 1.0) * 255.0) as u8
110}
```

--------------------------------

### Fast Rounding Helper

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/filter/box_blur.rs.html

An optimized rounding function for x <= 2^23, significantly faster than standard rounding intrinsics.

```rust
#[inline]
fn round(mut x: f32) -> f32 {
    x += 12582912.0;
    x -= 12582912.0;
    x
}
```

--------------------------------

### Map usvg::BlendMode to tiny_skia::BlendMode

Source: https://docs.rs/resvg/latest/src/resvg/render.rs.html

This match arm maps various usvg blend modes to their corresponding tiny_skia implementations.

```rust
        usvg::BlendMode::Multiply => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Multiply,
        usvg::BlendMode::Screen => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Screen,
        usvg::BlendMode::Overlay => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Overlay,
        usvg::BlendMode::Darken => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Darken,
        usvg::BlendMode::Lighten => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Lighten,
        usvg::BlendMode::ColorDodge => tiny_skia::BlendMode::ColorDodge,
        usvg::BlendMode::ColorBurn => tiny_skia::BlendMode::ColorBurn,
        usvg::BlendMode::HardLight => tiny_skia::BlendMode::HardLight,
        usvg::BlendMode::SoftLight => tiny_skia::BlendMode::SoftLight,
        usvg::BlendMode::Difference => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Difference,
        usvg::BlendMode::Exclusion => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Exclusion,
        usvg::BlendMode::Hue => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Hue,
        usvg::BlendMode::Saturation => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Saturation,
        usvg::BlendMode::Color => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Color,
        usvg::BlendMode::Luminosity => tiny_skia::BlendMode::Luminosity,
    }
}
```