### Example: Simple Spawn and Join

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Illustrates basic usage of procspawn: initializing, spawning a process that performs a calculation, and joining to get the result.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
        println!("in process: {:?} {:?}", a, b);
        a + b
    });

    println!("result: {}", handle.join().unwrap());
}

```

--------------------------------

### Example: Killing a Process

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Demonstrates initializing procspawn and then killing a spawned process.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();
    let mut handle = spawn((), |()| loop {});
    handle.kill().unwrap();
}

```

--------------------------------

### Example Usage of a Function

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/scrape-examples-help.html

An example demonstrating how to call a function from another crate.

```Rust
// examples/ex.rs
fn main() {
  a_crate::a_func();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example Usage of procspawn::spawn

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/proc.rs.html?search=std%3A%3Avec

Demonstrates calling `procspawn::init()` and then spawning a process to execute a function and retrieve its result.

```rust
/// call this early in your main() function.  This is where all spawned
/// functions will be invoked.
procspawn::init();

let data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
let handle = procspawn::spawn(data, |data| {
    println!("Received data {:?}", &data);
    data.into_iter().sum::<i64>()
});
let result = handle.join().unwrap();
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Using the `spawn!` Macro

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Shows how to use the `spawn!` macro for spawning processes, including variable capture and mutable variable modification.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let a = 42u32;
    let b = 23u32;
    let c = 1;
    let handle = spawn!((a => new_name1, b, mut c) || -> Result<_, ()> {
        c += 1;
        Ok(new_name1 + b + c)
    });
    let value = handle.join().unwrap();

    println!("{:?}", value);
}

```

--------------------------------

### Example: Timeout on Join

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Demonstrates initializing procspawn and using `join_timeout` to limit the waiting time for a spawned process.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let mut handle = spawn((), |()| {
        thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10));
    });

    println!("result: {:?}", handle.join_timeout(Duration::from_secs(1)));
}

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize procspawn with a timeout example

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html

Illustrates initializing procspawn and spawning a process that sleeps for an extended period, then demonstrating the use of `join_timeout`.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let mut handle = spawn((), |()| {
        thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10));
    });

    println!("result: {:?}", handle.join_timeout(Duration::from_secs(1)));
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create Default ProcConfig

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.ProcConfig.html?search=

Initializes a ProcConfig with default settings. This is the starting point for configuring a process.

```rust
pub fn new() -> ProcConfig
```

--------------------------------

### Join a spawned process and get its result

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.JoinHandle.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Demonstrates how to wait for a spawned process to complete and retrieve its return value using the `join` method. This is the primary way to get results from child processes.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((), |()| std::env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>());

    let args = handle.join().unwrap();

    println!("args in subprocess: {:?}", args);
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
        println!("in process: {:?} {:?}", a, b);
        a + b
    });

    println!("result: {}", handle.join().unwrap());
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let a = 42u32;
    let b = 23u32;
    let c = 1;
    let handle = spawn!((a => new_name1, b, mut c) || -> Result<_, ()> {
        c += 1;
        Ok(new_name1 + b + c)
    });
    let value = handle.join().unwrap();

    println!("{:?}", value);
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let bytes = MyBytes::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap();

    let bytes_two = procspawn::spawn!((bytes.clone() => bytes) || {
        println!("length: {}", bytes.bytes.len());
        bytes
    })
    .join()
    .unwrap();

    assert_eq!(bytes, bytes_two);
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let five = spawn(5, fibonacci);
    let ten = spawn(10, fibonacci);
    let thirty = spawn(30, fibonacci);
    assert_eq!(five.join().unwrap(), 5);
    assert_eq!(ten.join().unwrap(), 55);
    assert_eq!(thirty.join().unwrap(), 832_040);
    println!("Successfully calculated fibonacci values!");
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((), |()| {
        panic!("Whatever!");
    });

    match handle.join() {
        Ok(()) => unreachable!(),
        Err(err) => {
            let panic = err.panic_info().expect("got a non panic error");
            println!("process panicked with {}", panic.message());
            println!("{:#?}", panic);
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Custom Serialization with `spawn!` Macro

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Demonstrates using the `spawn!` macro with custom types that implement serialization, ensuring data can be passed between processes.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let bytes = MyBytes::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap();

    let bytes_two = procspawn::spawn!((bytes.clone() => bytes) || {
        println!("length: {}", bytes.bytes.len());
        bytes
    })
    .join()
    .unwrap();

    assert_eq!(bytes, bytes_two);
}

```

--------------------------------

### Basic Process Spawning Configuration

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/proc.rs.html?search=u32+-%3E+bool

Initializes a new `Builder` for spawning a process. This is the starting point for configuring process execution.

```rust
impl Builder {
    /// Generates the base configuration for spawning a thread, from which
    /// configuration methods can be chained.
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            stdin: None,
            stdout: None,
            stderr: None,
            common: ProcCommon::default(),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn common(&mut self, common: ProcCommon) -> &mut Self {
        self.common = common;
        self
    }

    define_common_methods!();

    /// Captures the `stdin` of the spawned process, allowing you to manually
    /// send data via `JoinHandle::stdin`
    pub fn stdin<T: Into<Stdio>>(&mut self, cfg: T) -> &mut Self {
        self.stdin = Some(cfg.into());
        self
    }

    /// Captures the `stdout` of the spawned process, allowing you to manually
    /// receive data via `JoinHandle::stdout`
    pub fn stdout<T: Into<Stdio>>(&mut self, cfg: T) -> &mut Self {
        self.stdout = Some(cfg.into());
        self
    }

    /// Captures the `stderr` of the spawned process, allowing you to manually
    /// receive data via `JoinHandle::stderr`
    pub fn stderr<T: Into<Stdio>>(&mut self, cfg: T) -> &mut Self {
        self.stderr = Some(cfg.into());
        self
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Binary Search By Example

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Demonstrates using binary_search_by with a custom comparator function to search within a sorted slice.

```rust
let s = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];

let seek = 13;
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek)), Ok(9));
let seek = 4;
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek)), Err(7));
let seek = 100;
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek)), Err(13));
let seek = 1;
let r = s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek));
assert!(match r { Ok(1..=4) => true, _ => false, });
```

--------------------------------

### mark_initialized

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/core.rs.html?search=

Marks the procspawn system as initialized. This should be called to indicate that the necessary setup for spawning processes has been completed.

```APIDOC
## mark_initialized

### Description
Marks the procspawn system as initialized.

### Method
`fn mark_initialized()`
```

--------------------------------

### Rust binary_search Example

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Demonstrates using `binary_search` to find elements in a sorted slice. Shows successful lookups, failed lookups, and handling of multiple matches.

```rust
let s = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];

assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&13),  Ok(9));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&4),   Err(7));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&100), Err(13));
let r = s.binary_search(&1);
assert!(match r {
    Ok(1..=4) => true,
    _ => false,
});
```

--------------------------------

### Binary Search Example

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Demonstrates basic binary search operations on a sorted slice, including finding an element, handling not found cases, and checking for multiple matches.

```rust
let s = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];

assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&13),  Ok(9));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&4),   Err(7));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&100), Err(13));
let r = s.binary_search(&1);
assert!(match r { Ok(1..=4) => true, _ => false, });
```

--------------------------------

### Spawn Function with Tuple Arguments

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/macro.spawn.html

Example of using the spawn macro to spawn a function with tuple arguments, including mutable aliasing.

```rust
let a = 42u32;
let b = 23u32;
let handle = procspawn::spawn!((a, mut b) || {
    b += 1;
    a + b
});
```

--------------------------------

### Simple Spawned Function with Return Value

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.spawn.html?search=std%3A%3Avec

A basic example of spawning a function that takes two arguments and returns their sum. `procspawn::init()` is required.

```rust
procspawn::init();

let handle = spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
    println!("in process: {:?} {:?}", a, b);
    a + b
});

println!("result: {}", handle.join().unwrap());
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Procspawn Usage

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/simple/simple.rs.html?search=

Initializes procspawn, spawns a process to perform a calculation, and joins the process to get the result. Ensure procspawn::init() is called before spawning any processes.

```Rust
use procspawn::{self, spawn};

fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
        println!("in process: {:?} {:?}", a, b);
        a + b
    });

    println!("result: {}", handle.join().unwrap());
}
```

--------------------------------

### Join a Child Process with Custom Serialization

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.JoinHandle.html

Demonstrates spawning a process that serializes and deserializes a custom type (`MyBytes`). This example highlights the flexibility of `procspawn` with custom data structures.

```rust
71fn main() {
72    procspawn::init();
73
74    let bytes = MyBytes::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap();
75
76    let bytes_two = procspawn::spawn!((bytes.clone() => bytes) || {
77        println!("length: {}", bytes.bytes.len());
78        bytes
79    })
80    .join()
81    .unwrap();
82
83    assert_eq!(bytes, bytes_two);
84}
```

--------------------------------

### Get Element Index by Pointer

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Use `element_offset` to find the index of an element within a slice using its memory address. This method relies on pointer arithmetic and does not compare elements. It returns `None` if the pointer is not aligned to the start of an element.

```Rust
let nums: &[u32] = &[1, 7, 1, 1];
let num = &nums[2];

assert_eq!(num, &1);
assert_eq!(nums.element_offset(num), Some(2));
```

```Rust
let arr: &[[u32; 2]] = &[[0, 1], [2, 3]];
let flat_arr: &[u32] = arr.as_flattened();

let ok_elm: &[u32; 2] = flat_arr[0..2].try_into().unwrap();
let weird_elm: &[u32; 2] = flat_arr[1..3].try_into().unwrap();

assert_eq!(ok_elm, &[0, 1]);
assert_eq!(weird_elm, &[1, 2]);

assert_eq!(arr.element_offset(ok_elm), Some(0)); // Points to element 0
assert_eq!(arr.element_offset(weird_elm), None); // Points between element 0 and 1
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Builder Usage with Stdout Capture

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.Builder.html?search=u32+-%3E+bool

Demonstrates initializing procspawn, creating a Builder, configuring stdout to be piped, spawning a process, and reading its output.

```rust
4fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let mut builder = procspawn::Builder::new();
    builder.stdout(Stdio::piped());

    let mut handle = builder.spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
        println!("{:?} {:?}", a, b);
    });

    let mut s = String::new();
    handle.stdout().unwrap().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(s, "1 2\n");
}
```

--------------------------------

### Join a spawned process to get its result

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.JoinHandle.html?search=u32+-%3E+bool

Demonstrates how to wait for a spawned process to complete and retrieve its return value using the `join` method. This is the primary way to get results from child processes.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((), |()| std::env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>());

    let args = handle.join().unwrap();

    println!("args in subprocess: {:?}", args);
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
        println!("in process: {:?} {:?}", a, b);
        a + b
    });

    println!("result: {}", handle.join().unwrap());
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let a = 42u32;
    let b = 23u32;
    let c = 1;
    let handle = spawn!((a => new_name1, b, mut c) || -> Result<_, ()> {
        c += 1;
        Ok(new_name1 + b + c)
    });
    let value = handle.join().unwrap();

    println!("{:?}", value);
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let bytes = MyBytes::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap();

    let bytes_two = procspawn::spawn!((bytes.clone() => bytes) || {
        println!("length: {}", bytes.bytes.len());
        bytes
    })
    .join()
    .unwrap();

    assert_eq!(bytes, bytes_two);
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let five = spawn(5, fibonacci);
    let ten = spawn(10, fibonacci);
    let thirty = spawn(30, fibonacci);
    assert_eq!(five.join().unwrap(), 5);
    assert_eq!(ten.join().unwrap(), 55);
    assert_eq!(thirty.join().unwrap(), 832_040);
    println!("Successfully calculated fibonacci values!");
}
```

--------------------------------

### type_id

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Gets the `TypeId` of the Shmem value.

```APIDOC
## fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

### Description
Gets the `TypeId` of `self`.

### Returns
- `TypeId`: The type identifier of the value.
```

--------------------------------

### starts_with

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Checks if the slice starts with a given prefix.

```APIDOC
## pub fn starts_with(&self, needle: &[T]) -> bool

### Description
Returns `true` if `needle` is a prefix of the slice or equal to the slice.

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- `needle` (&[T]) - Required - The slice to check as a prefix.

### Returns
- `bool` - `true` if the slice starts with `needle`, `false` otherwise.
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize procspawn and perform a simple calculation

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html

Shows how to initialize procspawn and spawn a process that performs a simple addition after printing its received arguments.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
        println!("in process: {:?} {:?}", a, b);
        a + b
    });

    println!("result: {}", handle.join().unwrap());
}
```

--------------------------------

### iter

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Returns an iterator over the slice, yielding all items from start to end.

```APIDOC
## pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, T>

### Description
Returns an iterator over the slice.
The iterator yields all items from start to end.

##### §Examples
```
let x = &[1, 2, 4];
let mut iterator = x.iter();

assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&1));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&2));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&4));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), None);
```
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize procspawn and collect arguments

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html

Demonstrates initializing procspawn and then spawning a process that collects and returns its command-line arguments.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((), |()| std::env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>());

    let args = handle.join().unwrap();

    println!("args in subprocess: {:?}", args);
}
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig::init

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.ProcConfig.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Consumes the configuration and initializes the process according to the settings.

```APIDOC
## ProcConfig::init

### Description
Consumes the config and initializes the process.

### Method
`init(&mut self)`
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig::init

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.ProcConfig.html

Consumes the ProcConfig and initializes the process with the configured settings.

```APIDOC
## ProcConfig::init

### Description
Consumes the config and initializes the process with the specified configuration.

### Method
`init(&mut self)`

### Returns
This method does not return a value.
```

--------------------------------

### Iterate Over Slice Elements

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Provides an iterator that yields all items from the start to the end of the slice.

```Rust
let x = &[1, 2, 4];
let mut iterator = x.iter();

assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&1));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&2));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&4));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), None);
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Spawn and Join

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.spawn.html?search=u32+-%3E+bool

Demonstrates the basic usage of `procspawn::spawn` to run a function in a new process and retrieve its result using `join()`.

```rust
pub fn spawn<A: Serialize + DeserializeOwned, R: Serialize + DeserializeOwned>(
    args: A,
    f: fn(A) -> R,
) -> JoinHandle<R>
```

```rust
// call this early in your main() function.  This is where all spawned
// functions will be invoked.
procspawn::init();

let data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
let handle = procspawn::spawn(data, |data| {
    println!("Received data {:?}", &data);
    data.into_iter().sum::<i64>()
});
let result = handle.join().unwrap();
```

--------------------------------

### Get Stderr Handle

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/proc.rs.html?search=std%3A%3Avec

Fetches the `stderr` handle if it has been captured. Returns None for pooled handles.

```rust
pub fn stderr(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ChildStderr> {
        match self.inner {
            Ok(JoinHandleInner::Process(ref mut process)) => process.stderr(),
            Ok(JoinHandleInner::Pooled(..)) => None,
            Err(_) => None,
        }
    }
```

--------------------------------

### Get Stdin Handle

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/proc.rs.html?search=std%3A%3Avec

Fetches the `stdin` handle if it has been captured. Returns None for pooled handles.

```rust
pub fn stdin(&mut self) -> Option<&mut ChildStdin> {
        match self.inner {
            Ok(JoinHandleInner::Process(ref mut process)) => process.stdin(),
            Ok(JoinHandleInner::Pooled(..)) => None,
            Err(_) => None,
        }
    }
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig::init

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.ProcConfig.html?search=

Consumes the configuration and initializes the process according to the specified settings.

```APIDOC
## ProcConfig::init

### Description
Consumes the config and initializes the process.

### Method

```rust
pub fn init(&mut self)
```

### Returns

This method consumes the `ProcConfig` instance.
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize procspawn

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html

This is the basic initialization required for procspawn. It must be called once at the start of your main function.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();
    let mut handle = spawn((), |()| loop {});
    handle.kill().unwrap();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Panic Handling with procspawn

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.PanicInfo.html?search=u32+-%3E+bool

Demonstrates how to spawn a task that panics and then catch the panic information using `handle.join()` and `err.panic_info()`.

```rust
use procspawn;
use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;

fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((), |()| {
        panic!("Whatever!");
    });

    match handle.join() {
        Ok(()) => unreachable!(),
        Err(err) => {
            let panic = err.panic_info().expect("got a non panic error");
            println!("process panicked with {}", panic.message());
            println!("{:#?}", panic);
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### as_array

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Gets a reference to the underlying array. Returns `None` if `N` is not exactly equal to the length of `self`.

```APIDOC
## pub fn as_array<const N: usize>(&self) -> Option<&[T; N]>

### Description
Gets a reference to the underlying array.
If `N` is not exactly equal to the length of `self`, then this method returns `None`.
```

--------------------------------

### get

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Returns a reference to an element or subslice depending on the type of index. Returns `None` if the index is out of bounds.

```APIDOC
## pub fn get<I>(&self, index: I) -> Option<&<I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output>

### Description
Returns a reference to an element or subslice depending on the type of index.
* If given a position, returns a reference to the element at that position or `None` if out of bounds.
* If given a range, returns the subslice corresponding to that range, or `None` if out of bounds.

### Examples
```
let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&40), v.get(1));
assert_eq!(Some(&[10, 40][..]), v.get(0..2));
assert_eq!(None, v.get(3));
assert_eq!(None, v.get(0..4));
```
```

--------------------------------

### Handling Panics in Spawned Processes

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.spawn.html?search=std%3A%3Avec

Shows how to spawn a process that intentionally panics and how to catch and inspect the panic information. `procspawn::init()` is required.

```rust
procspawn::init();

let handle = spawn((), |()| {
    panic!("Whatever!");
});

match handle.join() {
    Ok(()) => unreachable!(),
    Err(err) => {
        let panic = err.panic_info().expect("got a non panic error");
        println!("process panicked with {}", panic.message());
        println!("{:#?}", panic);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Get Last Element of a Slice

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Retrieves the last element of a slice. Returns `None` if the slice is empty.

```Rust
let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&30), v.last());

let w: &[i32] = &[];
assert_eq!(None, w.last());
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize procspawn with custom serialization using spawn! macro

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html

Shows how to initialize procspawn and use the `procspawn::spawn!` macro with custom types that require specific serialization handling.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let bytes = MyBytes::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap();

    let bytes_two = procspawn::spawn!((bytes.clone() => bytes) || {
        println!("length: {}", bytes.bytes.len());
        bytes
    })
    .join()
    .unwrap();

    assert_eq!(bytes, bytes_two);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Get Length of Shmem Slice

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

The `len` method returns the number of elements in the `Shmem` byte slice.

```rust
pub fn len(&self) -> usize
```

```rust
let a = [1, 2, 3];
assert_eq!(a.len(), 3);
```

--------------------------------

### init

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/index.html

Initializes the procspawn library. This function must be called before using other procspawn functionalities.

```APIDOC
## init

### Description
Initializes procspawn.

### Method
Not applicable (function call)

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
init()

### Response
None
```

--------------------------------

### strip_prefix

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Returns a subslice with the prefix removed if the slice starts with the specified prefix. Returns None otherwise.

```APIDOC
## pub fn strip_prefix<P>(&self, prefix: &P) -> Option<&[T]>

### Description
Returns a subslice with the prefix removed. If the slice starts with `prefix`, returns the subslice after the prefix, wrapped in `Some`. If `prefix` is empty, simply returns the original slice. If `prefix` is equal to the original slice, returns an empty slice. If the slice does not start with `prefix`, returns `None`.

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- `prefix`: The pattern to strip from the beginning of the slice.

### Response
- `Some(&[T])`: If the slice starts with the prefix, returns the remaining subslice.
- `None`: If the slice does not start with the prefix.

### Examples
```rust
let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10]), Some(&[40, 30][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10, 40]), Some(&[30][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10, 40, 30]), Some(&[][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[50]), None);
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10, 50]), None);

let prefix : &str = "he";
assert_eq!(b"hello".strip_prefix(prefix.as_bytes()),
           Some(b"llo".as_ref()));
```
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig::new

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.ProcConfig.html

Creates a default ProcConfig instance.

```APIDOC
## ProcConfig::new

### Description
Creates a default proc config.

### Method
`new()`

### Returns
- `ProcConfig`: A new ProcConfig instance with default settings.
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig::new

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.ProcConfig.html?search=

Creates a new ProcConfig with default settings.

```APIDOC
## ProcConfig::new

### Description
Creates a default proc config.

### Method

```
pub fn new() -> ProcConfig
```

### Returns

A new `ProcConfig` instance with default values.
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig::new

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.ProcConfig.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Creates a new ProcConfig with default settings.

```APIDOC
## ProcConfig::new

### Description
Creates a default proc config.

### Method
`new()`

### Returns
A new `ProcConfig` instance.
```

--------------------------------

### Get Process ID

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/proc.rs.html?search=std%3A%3Avec

Returns the process ID if available. The PID is unavailable for pooled calls that are not yet scheduled.

```rust
pub fn pid(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        self.process_handle_state().and_then(|x| x.pid())
    }
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Spawn Process with Piped Stdout

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.Builder.html?search=

Initializes procspawn and creates a Builder to configure a spawned process. It sets stdout to be piped, spawns a closure, and then reads the output from the spawned process.

```rust
4fn main() {
5    procspawn::init();
6
7    let mut builder = procspawn::Builder::new();
8    builder.stdout(Stdio::piped());
9
10    let mut handle = builder.spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
11        println!("{:?} {:?}", a, b);
12    });
13
14    let mut s = String::new();
15    handle.stdout().unwrap().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
16    assert_eq!(s, "1 2\n");
17}
```

--------------------------------

### Getting Process ID

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/proc.rs.html

Returns the process ID if available. The PID is unavailable for pooled calls that are not yet scheduled.

```rust
/// Returns the process ID if available.
///
/// The process ID is unavailable when pooled calls are not scheduled to
/// processes.
pub fn pid(&self) -> Option<u32> {
    self.process_handle_state().and_then(|x| x.pid())
}
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Panic Handling

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.PanicInfo.html

Demonstrates how to catch a panic from a spawned process using `procspawn::spawn` and access its `PanicInfo` to print the panic message and details.

```rust
use procspawn;
use std::thread;

fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((), |()| {
        panic!("Whatever!");
    });

    match handle.join() {
        Ok(()) => unreachable!(),
        Err(err) => {
            let panic = err.panic_info().expect("got a non panic error");
            println!("process panicked with {}", panic.message());
            println!("{:#?}", panic);
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Panic Handling

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.ProcConfig.html?search=

Enables or disables the automatic catching of panics and installation of a panic handler. Defaults to enabled.

```rust
pub fn panic_handling(&mut self, enabled: bool) -> &mut Self
```

--------------------------------

### Handling Panics in Spawned Processes

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.spawn.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Illustrates how to spawn a process that intentionally panics and how to catch and inspect the panic information from the `JoinHandle`. `procspawn::init()` is required.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((), |()| {
        panic!("Whatever!");
    });

    match handle.join() {
        Ok(()) => unreachable!(),
        Err(err) => {
            let panic = err.panic_info().expect("got a non panic error");
            println!("process panicked with {}", panic.message());
            println!("{:#?}", panic);
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig: Initialize Process

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/core.rs.html?search=u32+-%3E+bool

Consumes the configuration and initializes the process. This should be called once.

```rust
pub fn init(&mut self) {
    mark_initialized();
    PASS_ARGS.store(self.pass_args, Ordering::SeqCst);

    if let Ok(token) = env::var(ENV_NAME) {
        // permit nested invocations
        std::env::remove_var(ENV_NAME);
        if let Some(callback) = self.callback.take() {
            callback();
        }
        bootstrap_ipc(token, self);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Access Shmem Buffer as Bytes

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Use `as_bytes` to get a read-only slice of the bytes contained within the `Shmem` buffer.

```rust
pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8]
```

--------------------------------

### procspawn::spawn

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/proc.rs.html?search=u32+-%3E+bool

Spawns a new process to run a function with a given payload. This is the primary function for starting new processes.

```APIDOC
## procspawn::spawn

### Description
Spawns a new process to run a function with some payload. This function should be called early in `main()` as it initializes the system for handling spawned functions.

### Method
Public

### Endpoint
N/A

### Parameters
- **args** (`A: Serialize + DeserializeOwned`): The payload to be sent to the spawned function.
- **f** (`fn(A) -> R`): The function to be executed in the new process.

### Response
- `JoinHandle<R>`: A handle to the spawned process, which can be used to wait for its result or manage its lifecycle.
```

--------------------------------

### procspawn::init

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html?search=u32+-%3E+bool

Initializes procspawn. This function must be called at the beginning of `main`. Whatever comes before it is also executed for all processes spawned through the `spawn` function.

```APIDOC
## Function init

### Description
Initializes procspawn. This function must be called at the beginning of `main`. Whatever comes before it is also executed for all processes spawned through the `spawn` function. For more complex initializations see `ProcConfig`.

### Signature
```rust
pub fn init()
```

### Examples

#### Basic Initialization
```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();
    // ... rest of your code that spawns processes
}
```

#### Initialization with a simple spawn
```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();
    let handle = procspawn::spawn((), |()| {
        println!("In subprocess");
        42
    });
    let result = handle.join().unwrap();
    println!("Result: {}", result);
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### procspawn::init

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/fn.init.html

Initializes procspawn. This function must be called at the beginning of `main`. Whatever comes before it is also executed for all processes spawned through the `spawn` function. For more complex initializations see `ProcConfig`.

```APIDOC
## init

### Description
Initializes procspawn. This function must be called at the beginning of `main`. Whatever comes before it is also executed for all processes spawned through the `spawn` function. For more complex initializations see `ProcConfig`.

### Signature
```rust
pub fn init()
```

### Examples
#### Basic Usage
```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();
    // ... rest of your code
}
```

#### Example with `spawn`
```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();
    let mut handle = procspawn::spawn((), |()| loop {});
    handle.kill().unwrap();
}
```

#### Example with arguments and return value
```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();
    let handle = procspawn::spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
        a + b
    });
    let result = handle.join().unwrap();
    println!("result: {}", result);
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig: Panic Handling

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/core.rs.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Configures the automatic panic handling mechanism. The default behavior is to catch panics and install a handler.

```rust
pub fn panic_handling(&mut self, enabled: bool) -> &mut Self {
        self.panic_handling = enabled;
        self
    }
```

--------------------------------

### Handling Potential Overflow with `repeat`

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html?search=std%3A%3Avec

Provides an example of a panic that occurs when `repeat` is called with a value that would cause capacity overflow.

```rust
// this will panic at runtime
b"0123456789abcdef".repeat(usize::MAX);

```

--------------------------------

### Spawn Process with Arguments and Function

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/proc.rs.html?search=std%3A%3Avec

Spawns a new process with the configured settings, passing arguments and a function to be executed within the new process. Returns a `JoinHandle` for the spawned process.

```rust
pub fn spawn<A: Serialize + DeserializeOwned, R: Serialize + DeserializeOwned>(
        &mut self,
        args: A,
        func: fn(A) -> R,
    ) -> JoinHandle<R> {
        assert_spawn_okay();
        JoinHandle {
            inner: mem::take(self)
                .spawn_helper(args, func)
                .map(JoinHandleInner::Process),
        }
    }
```

--------------------------------

### Spawn Function in a Pool

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/macro.spawn.html

Example of using the spawn macro to spawn a function within a specified pool, handling tuple arguments.

```rust
let a = 42u32;
let b = 23u32;
let handle = procspawn::spawn!(in pool, (a, mut b) || {
    b += 1;
    a + b
});
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig Methods

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.ProcConfig.html?search=u32+-%3E+bool

This section details the methods available on the ProcConfig struct for configuring process spawning. These methods allow for customization of arguments, panic handling, backtrace capturing, and initialization callbacks.

```APIDOC
## ProcConfig

### Description
Can be used to configure the process.

### Methods

#### `new()`
Creates a default proc config.

#### `config_callback<F: FnOnce() + 'static>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut Self`
Attaches a callback that is used to initializes all processes.

#### `pass_args(&mut self, enabled: bool) -> &mut Self`
Enables or disables argument passing. By default all arguments are forwarded to the spawned process.

#### `panic_handling(&mut self, enabled: bool) -> &mut Self`
Configure the automatic panic handling. The default behavior is that panics are caught and that a panic handler is installed.

#### `capture_backtraces(&mut self, enabled: bool) -> &mut Self`
Configures if backtraces should be captured. The default behavior is that if panic handling is enabled backtraces will be captured. This requires the `backtrace` feature.

#### `resolve_backtraces(&mut self, enabled: bool) -> &mut Self`
Controls whether backtraces should be resolved.

#### `init(&mut self)`
Consumes the config and initializes the process.
```

--------------------------------

### Capture stdout from spawned process

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/stdout/stdout.rs.html

This snippet shows how to initialize procspawn, set up a builder to capture stdout, spawn a closure, and read the captured output. Ensure procspawn is initialized before spawning.

```rust
use std::io::Read;
use std::process::Stdio;

fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let mut builder = procspawn::Builder::new();
    builder.stdout(Stdio::piped());

    let mut handle = builder.spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
        println!("{:?} {:?}", a, b);
    });

    let mut s = String::new();
    handle.stdout().unwrap().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(s, "1 2\n");
}
```

--------------------------------

### Helper Function for Spawning Process

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/proc.rs.html?search=

Internal helper to manage the process spawning logic, including IPC setup and command configuration.

```rust
fn spawn_helper<A: Serialize + DeserializeOwned, R: Serialize + DeserializeOwned>(
    self,
    args: A,
    func: fn(A) -> R,
) -> Result<ProcessHandle<R>, SpawnError> {
    let (server, token) = IpcOneShotServer::<IpcSender<MarshalledCall>>::new()?;
    let me = if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
        // will work even if exe is moved
        let path: PathBuf = "/proc/self/exe".into();
        if path.is_file() {
            path
        } else {
            // might not exist, e.g. on chroot
            env::current_exe()? 
        }
    } else {
        env::current_exe()? 
    };
    let mut child = process::Command::new(me);
    child.envs(self.common.vars);
    child.env(ENV_NAME, token);

    #[cfg(unix)]
    {
        use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
        if let Some(id) = self.common.uid {
            child.uid(id);
        }
        if let Some(id) = self.common.gid {
            child.gid(id);
        }
        if let Some(ref func) = self.common.pre_exec {
            let func = func.clone();
            unsafe {
                #[allow(clippy::needless_borrow)]
                child.pre_exec(move || (&mut *func.lock().unwrap())());
            }
        }
    }

    let (can_pass_args, should_silence_stdout) = {
        #[cfg(feature = "test-support")]
        {
            match crate::testsupport::update_command_for_tests(&mut child) {
                None => (true, false),
                Some(crate::testsupport::TestMode {
                    can_pass_args,
                    should_silence_stdout,
                }) => (can_pass_args, should_silence_stdout),
            }
        }
        #[cfg(not(feature = "test-support"))]
        {
            (true, false)
        }
    };

    if can_pass_args && should_pass_args() {
        child.args(env::args_os().skip(1));
    }

    if let Some(stdin) = self.stdin {
        child.stdin(stdin);
    }
    if let Some(stdout) = self.stdout {
        child.stdout(stdout);
    } else if should_silence_stdout {
        child.stdout(Stdio::null());
    }
    if let Some(stderr) = self.stderr {
        child.stderr(stderr);
    }
    let process = child.spawn()?;

    let (_rx, tx) = server.accept()?;

    let (args_tx, args_rx) = ipc::channel()?;
    // ... rest of the function
    unimplemented!()
}
```

--------------------------------

### assert_spawn_okay

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/core.rs.html?search=std%3A%3Avec

Asserts that the procspawn library has been initialized. If not initialized, it panics. It also checks for safety conditions related to shared libraries.

```APIDOC
## assert_spawn_okay

### Description
Asserts that the procspawn library has been initialized. If not initialized, it panics. It also checks for safety conditions related to shared libraries.

### Method
`assert_spawn_okay()`

### Returns
* `()` - This function does not return a value, but may panic if conditions are not met.
```

--------------------------------

### Get Last Chunk of a Slice

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Returns an array reference to the last `N` items in the slice. Returns `None` if the slice is shorter than `N`.

```Rust
let u = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&[40, 30]), u.last_chunk::<2>());

let v: &[i32] = &[10];
assert_eq!(None, v.last_chunk::<2>());

let w: &[i32] = &[];
assert_eq!(Some(&[]), w.last_chunk::<0>());
```

--------------------------------

### ProcConfig: Initialize Process

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/procspawn/core.rs.html?search=Option%3CT%3E%2C+%28T+-%3E+U%29+-%3E+Option%3CU%3E

Consumes the configuration and initializes the process. This function should be called to set up procspawn's internal state and handle any necessary IPC bootstrapping.

```rust
pub fn init(&mut self) {
        mark_initialized();
        PASS_ARGS.store(self.pass_args, Ordering::SeqCst);

        if let Ok(token) = env::var(ENV_NAME) {
            // permit nested invocations
            std::env::remove_var(ENV_NAME);
            if let Some(callback) = self.callback.take() {
                callback();
            }
            bootstrap_ipc(token, self);
        }
    }
```

--------------------------------

### Spawn and Kill a Process

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/src/kill/kill.rs.html?search=

This snippet shows how to initialize procspawn, spawn a new process that runs an infinite loop, and then terminate it using the `kill()` method. Ensure `procspawn::init()` is called before spawning any processes.

```rust
use procspawn::{self, spawn};

#[allow(clippy::empty_loop)]
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();
    let mut handle = spawn((), |()| loop {});
    handle.kill().unwrap();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Get First Chunk of a Slice

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/serde/struct.Shmem.html

Returns an array reference to the first `N` items in the slice. Returns `None` if the slice is shorter than `N`.

```Rust
let u = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&[10, 40]), u.first_chunk::<2>());

let v: &[i32] = &[10];
assert_eq!(None, v.first_chunk::<2>());

let w: &[i32] = &[];
assert_eq!(Some(&[]), w.first_chunk::<0>());
```

--------------------------------

### Create and use a process pool

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.Pool.html

Demonstrates creating a new process pool, spawning multiple tasks within it, and handling their results or panics. The pool is shut down after all tasks are joined.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let pool = Pool::new(4).unwrap();
    let mut handles = vec![[]];

    for counter in 0..8 {
        handles.push(procspawn::spawn!(in pool, (counter) || {
            thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
            counter
        }));
    }

    for handle in handles {
        match handle.join() {
            Ok(val) => println!("got result: {}", val),
            Err(err) => {
                let panic = err.panic_info().expect("got a non panic error");
                println!("process panicked with {}", panic.message());
                println!("{:#?}", panic);
            }
        }
    }

    pool.shutdown();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Join a Process to Get its Result

Source: https://docs.rs/procspawn/latest/procspawn/struct.JoinHandle.html?search=

Waits for a spawned process to complete and retrieves its return value. This is useful for processes that compute a value and return it.

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((), |()| std::env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>());

    let args = handle.join().unwrap();

    println!("args in subprocess: {:?}", args);
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let handle = spawn((1, 2), |(a, b)| {
        println!("in process: {:?} {:?}", a, b);
        a + b
    });

    println!("result: {}", handle.join().unwrap());
}
```

```rust
fn main() {
    procspawn::init();

    let five = spawn(5, fibonacci);
    let ten = spawn(10, fibonacci);
    let thirty = spawn(30, fibonacci);
    assert_eq!(five.join().unwrap(), 5);
    assert_eq!(ten.join().unwrap(), 55);
    assert_eq!(thirty.join().unwrap(), 832_040);
    println!("Successfully calculated fibonacci values!");
}
```