### Getting Started with Divan

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

Instructions on how to add Divan to your project and set up your first benchmark.

```APIDOC
## Getting Started

Divan `0.1.21` requires Rust `1.80.0` or later.

1. Add the following to your project’s `Cargo.toml`:
```toml
[dev-dependencies]
divan = "0.1.21"

[[bench]]
name = "example"
harness = false
```

2. Create a benchmarks file at `benches/example.rs` with your benchmarking code:
```rust
fn main() {
    // Run registered benchmarks.
    divan::main();
}

// Register a `fibonacci` function and benchmark it over multiple cases.
#[divan::bench(args = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32])]
fn fibonacci(n: u64) -> u64 {
    if n <= 1 {
        1
    } else {
        fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1)
    }
}
```

3. Run your benchmarks with `cargo bench`:
```bash
example       fastest  │ slowest  │ median   │ mean     │ samples │ iters
╰─ fibonacci           │          │          │          │         │
   ├─ 1       0.626 ns │ 1.735 ns │ 0.657 ns │ 0.672 ns │ 100     │ 819200
   ├─ 2       2.767 ns │ 3.154 ns │ 2.788 ns │ 2.851 ns │ 100     │ 204800
   ├─ 4       6.816 ns │ 7.671 ns │ 7.061 ns │ 7.167 ns │ 100     │ 102400
   ├─ 8       57.31 ns │ 62.51 ns │ 57.96 ns │ 58.55 ns │ 100     │ 12800
   ├─ 16      2.874 µs │ 3.812 µs │ 2.916 µs │ 3.006 µs │ 100     │ 200
   ╰─ 32      6.267 ms │ 6.954 ms │ 6.283 ms │ 6.344 ms │ 100     │ 100
```

See `#[divan::bench]` for info on benchmark function registration.
```

--------------------------------

### Clone and Run Divan Examples

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

Clone the Divan repository to access and run example benchmarks locally. This command benchmarks all features for the examples.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/nvzqz/divan.git
cd divan

cargo bench -q -p examples --all-features
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmarking Examples

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/index.html

Instructions on how to run provided examples and clone the repository for more in-depth exploration.

```APIDOC
## Running Examples

To run practical example benchmarks:

1. **Clone the repository**:
   ```bash
   git clone https://github.com/nvzqz/divan.git
   cd divan
   ```

2. **Run benchmarks for examples**:
   ```bash
   cargo bench -q -p examples --all-features
   ```

More usage examples can be found in the `#[divan::bench]` documentation.
```

--------------------------------

### Running Example Benchmarks

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

Instructions on how to clone the Divan repository and run the example benchmarks.

```APIDOC
### §Examples

Practical example benchmarks can be found in the `examples/benches` directory. These can be benchmarked locally by running:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/nvzqz/divan.git
cd divan

cargo bench -q -p examples --all-features
```

More thorough usage examples can be found in the `#[divan::bench]` documentation.
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmark Output Example

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/index.html

Sample output format displayed after running benchmarks with cargo bench.

```text
example       fastest  │ slowest  │ median   │ mean     │ samples │ iters
╰─ fibonacci           │          │          │          │         │
   ├─ 1       0.626 ns │ 1.735 ns │ 0.657 ns │ 0.672 ns │ 100     │ 819200
   ├─ 2       2.767 ns │ 3.154 ns │ 2.788 ns │ 2.851 ns │ 100     │ 204800
   ├─ 4       6.816 ns │ 7.671 ns │ 7.061 ns │ 7.167 ns │ 100     │ 102400
   ├─ 8       57.31 ns │ 62.51 ns │ 57.96 ns │ 58.55 ns │ 100     │ 12800
   ├─ 16      2.874 µs │ 3.812 µs │ 2.916 µs │ 3.006 µs │ 100     │ 200
   ╰─ 32      6.267 ms │ 6.954 ms │ 6.283 ms │ 6.344 ms │ 100     │ 100
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Divan Benchmark Setup

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

Set up a basic benchmark file in `benches/example.rs`. This includes the `main` function to run benchmarks and a sample benchmark function registered with `#[divan::bench]`.

```rust
fn main() {
    // Run registered benchmarks.
    divan::main();
}

// Register a `fibonacci` function and benchmark it over multiple cases.
#[divan::bench(args = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32])]
fn fibonacci(n: u64) -> u64 {
    if n <= 1 {
        1
    } else {
        fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1)
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Set up AllocProfiler with System Allocator

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.AllocProfiler.html

Use this setup to wrap the default System allocator with AllocProfiler for measuring global memory usage. This is the default and recommended approach for most use cases.

```rust
use std::collections::*
use divan::AllocProfiler;

#[global_allocator]
static ALLOC: AllocProfiler = AllocProfiler::system();

fn main() {
    divan::main();
}

#[divan::bench(types = [
    Vec<i32>,
    LinkedList<i32>,
    HashSet<i32>,
])]
fn from_iter<T>() -> T
where
    T: FromIterator<i32>,
{
    (0..100).collect()
}

#[divan::bench(types = [
    Vec<i32>,
    LinkedList<i32>,
    HashSet<i32>,
])]
fn drop<T>(bencher: divan::Bencher)
where
    T: FromIterator<i32>,
{
    bencher
        .with_inputs(|| (0..100).collect::<T>())
        .bench_values(std::mem::drop);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmark with Counter

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/counter/trait.IntoCounter.html

Example usage of the counter method within a divan benchmark to track item counts.

```rust
#[divan::bench]
fn sort_values(bencher: divan::Bencher) {
    let mut values: Vec<T> = // ...
    bencher
        .counter(values.len())
        .bench_local(|| {
            divan::black_box(&mut values).sort();
        });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmark with black_box

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/fn.black_box.html

An example using black_box to force the compiler to execute the function and treat inputs as unpredictable.

```rust
use std::hint::black_box;

// Same `contains` function.
fn contains(haystack: &[&str], needle: &str) -> bool {
    haystack.iter().any(|x| x == &needle)
}

pub fn benchmark() {
    let haystack = vec!["abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl", "mno"];
    let needle = "ghi";
    for _ in 0..10 {
        // Force the compiler to run `contains`, even though it is a pure function whose
        // results are unused.
        black_box(contains(
            // Prevent the compiler from making assumptions about the input.
            black_box(&haystack),
            black_box(needle),
        ));
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmarking with `Bencher` Context

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

When benchmarks require setup or more control, they can accept a `Bencher` argument and use `Bencher::bench_local` for fine-grained timing.

```rust
use divan::{Bencher, black_box};

#[divan::bench]
fn copy_from_slice(bencher: Bencher) {
    let src = (0..100).collect::<Vec<i32>>();
    let mut dst = vec![0; src.len()];

    bencher.bench_local(move || {
        black_box(&mut dst).copy_from_slice(black_box(&src));
    });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmark without black_box

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/fn.black_box.html

An example of a benchmark function susceptible to compiler optimizations that may render the test inaccurate.

```rust
fn contains(haystack: &[&str], needle: &str) -> bool {
    haystack.iter().any(|x| x == &needle)
}

pub fn benchmark() {
    let haystack = vec!["abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl", "mno"];
    let needle = "ghi";
    for _ in 0..10 {
        contains(&haystack, needle);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Divan API - `prelude` Module

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

The `prelude` module provides common items for easy import with `use divan::prelude::*;`.

```APIDOC
## Modules§

prelude
    `use divan::prelude::*;` to import common items.
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Divan from CLI Arguments

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Creates a Divan instance by parsing command-line arguments. Use this to configure benchmarks via the CLI.

```rust
pub fn from_args() -> Self
```

--------------------------------

### Get minimum of two BytesCount values

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/counter/struct.BytesCount.html

Compares two BytesCount values and returns the minimum. This is part of the Ord trait implementation.

```rust
fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized
```

--------------------------------

### Get maximum of two BytesCount values

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/counter/struct.BytesCount.html

Compares two BytesCount values and returns the maximum. This is part of the Ord trait implementation.

```rust
fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Benchmarking with `#[divan::bench]`

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Use this macro to register a simple benchmarking function. The `main` function must call `divan::main()` to run the benchmarks.

```rust
use divan::black_box;

#[divan::bench]
fn add() -> i32 {
    black_box(1) + black_box(42)
}

fn main() {
    // Run `add` benchmark:
    divan::main();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Import Divan Prelude

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/prelude/index.html

Use this statement to import common items required for benchmarking with Divan.

```rust
use divan::prelude::*;
```

--------------------------------

### Run Divan Benchmarks

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

Execute your benchmarks using the `cargo bench` command. The output displays performance metrics for each benchmark case.

```bash
cargo bench
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Divan with CLI Arguments

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Applies configuration options by parsing command-line arguments to an existing Divan instance. This can override previous settings.

```rust
pub fn config_with_args(self) -> Self
```

--------------------------------

### Conditionally Ignore Benchmark with Environment Variable

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Benchmarks can be ignored based on runtime conditions, such as the value of an environment variable. This example ignores the benchmark unless the `BENCH_EXPENSIVE` environment variable is set to 'true'.

```rust
#[divan::bench(
    ignore = std::env::var("BENCH_EXPENSIVE").as_deref() != Ok("true")
)]
fn expensive_bench() {
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Perform Configured Action

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Executes the action defined by the Divan configuration. By default, this runs the registered benchmarks.

```rust
pub fn main(&self)
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Benchmarking with Bencher

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Bencher.html

Use `Bencher::bench_local` for benchmarking code that runs on the current thread. Ensure necessary imports like `divan::Bencher` and `divan::black_box` are included.

```rust
use divan::{Bencher, black_box};

#[divan::bench]
fn copy_from_slice(bencher: Bencher) {
    // Input and output buffers get used in the closure.
    let src = (0..100).collect::<Vec<i32>>();
    let mut dst = vec![0; src.len()];

    bencher.bench_local(|| {
        black_box(&mut dst).copy_from_slice(black_box(&src));
    });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Run Registered Benchmarks

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Executes all registered benchmark functions. This is the default action when `Divan::main` is called without specific configuration.

```rust
pub fn run_benches(&self)
```

--------------------------------

### Using Bencher::counter

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/counter/index.html

Demonstrates how to measure throughput by providing a counter to the Bencher instance.

```APIDOC
## Using Bencher::counter

### Description
Measures the throughput of a benchmarked function by tracking the number of items processed per iteration using a counter.

### Usage
1. Instantiate a counter (e.g., BytesCount, ItemsCount).
2. Pass the counter to the `bencher.counter()` method.
3. Execute the benchmark using `bencher.bench()`.

### Request Example
```rust
use divan::counter::BytesCount;

#[divan::bench]
fn slice_into_vec(bencher: divan::Bencher) {
    let ints: &[i32] = &[...];
    let bytes = BytesCount::of_slice(ints);

    bencher
        .counter(bytes)
        .bench(|| -> Vec<i32> {
            divan::black_box(ints).into()
        });
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Execute benchmarks with divan::main

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/fn.main.html

Use this function to run all benchmarks registered with the #[divan::bench] attribute.

```rust
#[divan::bench]
fn add() -> i32 {
    // ...
}

fn main() {
    // Run `add` benchmark:
    divan::main();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Divan API - `main` Function

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

The `main` function is used to run all registered benchmarks.

```APIDOC
## Functions§

main
    Runs all registered benchmarks.
```

--------------------------------

### AllocProfiler::system

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.AllocProfiler.html

Creates an AllocProfiler instance that profiles the default System allocator.

```APIDOC
## pub const fn system() -> Self

### Description
Profiles the default System allocator.

### Method
Static Constructor

### Request Example
```rust
#[global_allocator]
static ALLOC: AllocProfiler = AllocProfiler::system();
```
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmark Function Registration

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/index.html

Demonstrates how to register a function for benchmarking using the `#[divan::bench]` attribute macro.

```APIDOC
## `#[divan::bench]` Attribute Macro

Registers a benchmarking function.

### Example

```rust
#[divan::bench(args = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32])]
fn fibonacci(n: u64) -> u64 {
    if n <= 1 {
        1
    } else {
        fibonacci(n - 2) + fibonacci(n - 1)
    }
}
```

This macro allows you to specify arguments for the benchmark function, enabling testing across different input values.
```

--------------------------------

### Configure shared benchmarking options

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench_group.html

Setting options like sample_count and sample_size that apply to all benchmarks within the module.

```rust
#[divan::bench_group(
    sample_count = 100,
    sample_size = 500,
)]
mod math {
    use divan::black_box;

    #[divan::bench]
    fn add() -> i32 {
        black_box(1) + black_box(42)
    }

    #[divan::bench]
    fn div() -> i32 {
        black_box(1) / black_box(42)
    }
}

fn main() {
    // Run `math::add` and `math::div` benchmarks:
    divan::main();
}
```

--------------------------------

### List Registered Benchmarks

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Prints a list of all registered benchmark functions, mimicking the output of the `--list` flag.

```rust
pub fn list_benches(&self)
```

--------------------------------

### main Function - Run Benchmarks

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/fn.main.html

The `main` function in the divan library is used to discover and run all registered benchmarks within your project. It's typically called from your application's `main` function after defining benchmarks using the `#[divan::bench]` attribute.

```APIDOC
## main
divan

# Function main Copy item path
Source
Search
Settings
Help

## Summary
```rust
pub fn main()
```

### Description
Runs all registered benchmarks.

### Examples
```rust
#[divan::bench]
fn add() -> i32 {
    // ...
}

fn main() {
    // Run `add` benchmark:
    divan::main();
}
```

See `#[divan::bench]` for more examples.
```

--------------------------------

### Core Divan Components

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/index.html

Overview of key structs and functions provided by the Divan crate.

```APIDOC
## Core Components

### Structs

*   **`AllocProfiler`**: Measures `GlobalAlloc` memory usage.
*   **`Bencher`**: Enables contextual benchmarking in `#[divan::bench]`.
*   **`Divan`**: The benchmark runner.

### Functions

*   **`black_box`**: Prevents compiler optimizations on a value.
*   **`black_box_drop`**: `black_box` + `drop` convenience function.
*   **`main`**: Runs all registered benchmarks.
```

--------------------------------

### AllocProfiler::new

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.AllocProfiler.html

Creates an AllocProfiler instance that wraps a custom GlobalAlloc implementation.

```APIDOC
## pub const fn new(alloc: A) -> Self

### Description
Profiles a custom GlobalAlloc implementation (e.g., mimalloc).

### Method
Static Constructor

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **alloc** (A) - Required - The GlobalAlloc implementation to wrap.

### Request Example
```rust
use mimalloc::MiMalloc;
#[global_allocator]
static ALLOC: AllocProfiler<MiMalloc> = AllocProfiler::new(MiMalloc);
```
```

--------------------------------

### Specifying `divan` Crate Path with `crate` Option

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Use the `crate` option to specify the path to the `divan` crate instance when `divan` is used via a macro from your own crate. This is useful for avoiding ambiguity in complex dependency graphs.

```rust
extern crate divan as sofa;

#[::sofa::bench(crate = ::sofa)]
fn add() -> i32 {
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Divan Prelude Re-exports

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/prelude/index.html

This section details the items re-exported by the `divan::prelude::*` import, which are commonly used in Divan benchmarking.

```APIDOC
## Module prelude
divan

# Module prelude Copy item path
Source
Search
Settings
Help

Summary
Expand description
`use divan::prelude::*;` to import common items.

## Re-exports§

`pub use crate::bench;`

`pub use crate::bench_group;`

`pub use crate::black_box;`

`pub use crate::black_box_drop;`

`pub use crate::AllocProfiler;`

`pub use crate::Bencher;`

`pub use crate::Divan;`
```

--------------------------------

### Divan Execution Methods

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Methods for running, testing, or listing registered benchmark functions.

```APIDOC
## Execution Methods

### Description
Methods to trigger the execution of the benchmark suite.

### Methods
- **main()**: Performs the configured action (defaults to run_benches).
- **run_benches()**: Executes all registered benchmark functions.
- **test_benches()**: Runs each benchmarked function once for testing purposes.
- **list_benches()**: Prints all registered benchmark functions.
```

--------------------------------

### Add Divan to Cargo.toml

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

Add Divan as a development dependency and configure the benchmark harness in your Cargo.toml file. Requires Rust 1.80.0 or later.

```toml
[dev-dependencies]
divan = "0.1.21"

[[bench]]
name = "example"
harness = false
```

--------------------------------

### Wrap Custom GlobalAlloc with AllocProfiler

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.AllocProfiler.html

Wrap other GlobalAlloc implementations, such as mimalloc, with AllocProfiler using `AllocProfiler::new()`. This allows profiling of custom allocators.

```rust
use divan::AllocProfiler
use mimalloc::MiMalloc;

#[global_allocator]
static ALLOC: AllocProfiler<MiMalloc> = AllocProfiler::new(MiMalloc);

```

--------------------------------

### Divan API - `Bencher` Struct

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

The `Bencher` struct enables contextual benchmarking in `#[divan::bench]`.

```APIDOC
## Structs§

Bencher
    Enables contextual benchmarking in `#[divan::bench]`.
```

--------------------------------

### Divan Configuration API

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Methods for configuring benchmark behavior, including filtering, sampling, and threading options.

```APIDOC
## Configuration Methods

### Description
Methods to configure the benchmark runner behavior.

### Configuration Options
- **from_args()**: Creates an instance from CLI arguments.
- **color(yes: Option<bool>)**: Sets output coloring.
- **run_ignored()**: Includes benchmarks marked #[ignore].
- **skip_regex(filter: IntoRegex)**: Skips benchmarks matching a regex pattern.
- **skip_exact(filter: String)**: Skips benchmarks matching the exact name.
- **sample_count(count: u32)**: Sets the number of sampling iterations.
- **sample_size(count: u32)**: Sets the number of iterations per sample.
- **threads(threads: IntoIterator<Item = usize>)**: Configures multi-threaded execution.
- **min_time(time: Duration)**: Sets the minimum time floor.
- **max_time(time: Duration)**: Sets the maximum time ceiling.
```

--------------------------------

### Run Only Ignored Benchmarks

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Configures Divan to exclusively run benchmarks marked with the `#[ignore]` attribute. Equivalent to the `--ignored` CLI flag.

```rust
pub fn run_only_ignored(self) -> Self
```

--------------------------------

### Divan Crate API Overview

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/all.html

This section outlines the main components of the divan crate, including structs, enums, traits, attribute macros, and functions.

```APIDOC
## Divan Crate API Overview

This documentation covers the `divan` crate version 0.1.21.

### Structs
- `AllocProfiler`: For profiling memory allocations.
- `Bencher`: A struct for benchmarking.
- `Divan`: The main struct for setting up and running benchmarks.
- `counter::BytesCount`: A counter for tracking bytes.
- `counter::CharsCount`: A counter for tracking characters.
- `counter::CyclesCount`: A counter for tracking CPU cycles.
- `counter::ItemsCount`: A counter for tracking items.

### Enums
- `counter::BytesFormat`: Enum for formatting byte counts.

### Traits
- `counter::Counter`: Trait for counter types.
- `counter::IntoCounter`: Trait for types that can be converted into a counter.

### Attribute Macros
- `bench`: Macro to define a benchmark function.
- `bench_group`: Macro to group related benchmarks.

### Functions
- `black_box`: A function to prevent the compiler from optimizing away certain operations.
- `black_box_drop`: A function similar to `black_box` but specifically for drop behavior.
- `main`: The entry point for the benchmark runner.
```

--------------------------------

### Specify crate path for macros

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench_group.html

Use the crate option when using Divan via a macro from a different crate instance.

```rust
extern crate divan as sofa;

#[::sofa::bench_group(crate = ::sofa)]
mod math {
    #[::sofa::bench(crate = ::sofa)]
    fn add() -> i32 {
        // ...
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Divan API - `counter` Module

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

The `counter` module provides functionality to count values processed in each iteration to measure throughput.

```APIDOC
## Modules§

counter
    Count values processed in each iteration to measure throughput.
```

--------------------------------

### Divan API - `#[divan::bench]` Attribute Macro

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

The `#[divan::bench]` attribute macro is used to register benchmarking functions.

```APIDOC
## Attribute Macros§

bench
    Registers a benchmarking function.
```

--------------------------------

### Cascade benchmarking options

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench_group.html

Options defined in parent groups are inherited by child groups and benchmarks, but can be overridden.

```rust
#[divan::bench_group(
    sample_count = 100,
    sample_size = 500,
)]
mod parent {
    #[divan::bench_group(sample_size = 1)]
    mod child1 {
        #[divan::bench]
        fn bench() {
            // Will be sampled 100 times with 1 iteration per sample.
        }
    }

    #[divan::bench_group(sample_count = 42)]
    mod child2 {
        #[divan::bench]
        fn bench() {
            // Will be sampled 42 times with 500 iterations per sample.
        }
    }

    mod child3 {
        #[divan::bench(sample_count = 1)]
        fn bench() {
            // Will be sampled 1 time with 500 iterations per sample.
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmark with Multiple Argument Cases

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Use the `args` option to benchmark a function over different input values. This is useful for comparing performance across various parameters like collection lengths or enum variants. Ensure the argument type implements `Any`, `Copy`, `Send`, `Sync`, and `ToString` (or `Debug`), or use references if `Copy` is not implemented.

```rust
#[divan::bench(args = [1000, LEN, len()])]
fn init_vec(len: usize) -> Vec<usize> {
    (0..len).collect()
}

const LEN: usize = // ...

fn len() -> usize {
    // ...
}
```

```rust
const LENS: &[usize] = // ...

#[divan::bench(args = LENS)]
fn bench_vec1(len: usize) -> Vec<usize> {
    // ...
}

#[divan::bench(args = LENS)]
fn bench_vec2(len: usize) -> Vec<usize> {
    // ...
}
```

```rust
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
enum Arg {
    A, B
}

#[divan::bench(args = [Arg::A, Arg::B])]
fn bench_args(arg: Arg) {
    // ...
}
```

```rust
#[derive(Debug)]
enum Arg {
    A, B
}

#[divan::bench(args = [Arg::A, Arg::B])]
fn bench_args(arg: &Arg) {
    // ...
}
```

```rust
fn strings() -> impl Iterator<Item = String> {
    // ...
}

#[divan::bench(args = strings())]
fn bench_strings(s: &str) {
    // ...
}
```

```rust
use divan::Bencher;

#[divan::bench(args = [1, 2, 3])]
fn bench(bencher: Bencher, len: usize) {
    let value = new_value(len);

    bencher
        .counter(len)
        .bench(|| {
            do_work(value);
        });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Divan API - `Divan` Struct

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

The `Divan` struct is the benchmark runner.

```APIDOC
## Structs§

Divan
    The benchmark runner.
```

--------------------------------

### Implement From for type conversion

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.AllocProfiler.html

Defines a conversion from one type to another.

```rust
fn from(t: T) -> T
```

--------------------------------

### CharsCount Struct Methods

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/counter/struct.CharsCount.html

Methods available for creating and initializing a CharsCount instance.

```APIDOC
## pub fn new<N: CountUInt>(count: N) -> Self

### Description
Creates a new CharsCount instance by counting N characters.

### Parameters
- **count** (N: CountUInt) - Required - The number of characters to count.

## pub fn of_str<S: ?Sized + AsRef<str>>(s: &S) -> Self

### Description
Creates a new CharsCount instance by counting the characters of a string slice.

### Parameters
- **s** (&S) - Required - The string slice to count characters from.
```

--------------------------------

### Run Benchmarks Across Multiple Threads

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Configures Divan to run benchmarks across multiple threads, useful for measuring contention. A value of 0 uses available parallelism. Equivalent to `--threads` CLI argument or `DIVAN_THREADS` environment variable.

```rust
pub fn threads<T>(self, threads: T) -> Self
where T: IntoIterator<Item = usize>,
```

--------------------------------

### Bencher::with_inputs

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Bencher.html

Generates inputs for the benchmarked function without affecting timing.

```APIDOC
## pub fn with_inputs<G>(self, gen_input: G) -> Bencher<'a, 'b, BencherConfig<G>>

### Description
Generate inputs for the benchmarked function. Time spent generating inputs does not affect benchmark timing.

### Parameters
- **gen_input** (G) - Required - Closure to generate input data.

### Request Example
bencher
    .with_inputs(|| {
        String::from("...")
    })
    .bench_values(|s| {
        s + "123"
    });
```

--------------------------------

### Blanket Implementations

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/counter/struct.BytesCount.html

Documentation for common Rust blanket implementations applied to generic types within the project.

```APIDOC
## Blanket Implementations

### Description
Standard Rust blanket implementations available for all types `T` that satisfy specific trait bounds.

### Methods
- **Any**: `type_id(&self) -> TypeId` - Gets the TypeId of self.
- **Borrow**: `borrow(&self) -> &T` - Immutably borrows from an owned value.
- **BorrowMut**: `borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T` - Mutably borrows from an owned value.
- **CloneToUninit**: `unsafe fn clone_to_uninit(&self, dest: *mut u8)` - Performs copy-assignment from self to dest (Nightly).
- **From/Into**: Standard type conversion methods.
- **ToOwned**: `to_owned(&self) -> T` - Creates owned data from borrowed data.
```

--------------------------------

### Setting Minimum Benchmark Time

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Control the minimum time a benchmark runs using the `min_time` option. It accepts a `Duration`, seconds as `u64`, or seconds as `f64`. This can be overridden by environment variables or CLI arguments.

```rust
use std::time::Duration;

#[divan::bench(min_time = Duration::from_secs(3))] 
fn add() -> i32 {
    // ...
}
```

```rust
#[divan::bench(min_time = 2)]
fn int_secs() -> i32 {
    // ...
}
```

```rust
#[divan::bench(min_time = 1.5)]
fn float_secs() -> i32 {
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Divan API - `AllocProfiler` Struct

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

The `AllocProfiler` struct measures `GlobalAlloc` memory usage.

```APIDOC
## Structs§

AllocProfiler
    Measures `GlobalAlloc` memory usage.
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmarking Equivalent Return/No-Return Cases

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

If the returned value does not need to be dropped, there is no memory cost associated with returning it. Benchmarks returning primitive types like `i32` are equivalent whether they explicitly return the value or use `black_box` on it.

```rust
#[divan::bench]
fn with_return() -> i32 {
    let n: i32 = // ...
    n
}

#[divan::bench]
fn without_return() {
    let n: i32 = // ...
    divan::black_box(n);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Counting Inputs as Items with Bencher::count_inputs_as

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Bencher.html

Use `Bencher::count_inputs_as` with a `Counter` type like `ItemsCount` to emit metrics based on the input values themselves. This is suitable when inputs are numeric or can be directly converted to a count.

```rust
use divan::{Bencher, counter::ItemsCount};

#[divan::bench]
fn range_to_vec(bencher: Bencher) {
    bencher
        .with_inputs(|| -> usize {
            // ...
        })
        .count_inputs_as::<ItemsCount>()
        .bench_values(|n| -> Vec<usize> {
            (0..n).collect()
        });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmarking with Returned Values (Deferred Drop)

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

When a benchmarked function returns a value, its deallocation is deferred until after the sample loop, allowing for precise measurement of construction time only.

```rust
use divan::{Bencher, black_box};

#[divan::bench]
fn freestanding() -> String {
    black_box("hello").to_uppercase()
}

#[divan::bench]
fn contextual(bencher: Bencher) {
    // Setup:
    let s: String = // ...

    bencher.bench(|| -> String {
        black_box(&s).to_lowercase()
    });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Generating Inputs for Benchmarking

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Bencher.html

Use `Bencher::with_inputs` to provide a closure that generates inputs for the benchmarked function. Time spent generating inputs is not included in benchmark timing. The generated input is passed by value to the `bench_values` closure.

```rust
#[divan::bench]
fn bench(bencher: divan::Bencher) {
    bencher
        .with_inputs(|| {
            // Generate input:
            String::from("...")
        })
        .bench_values(|s| {
            // Use input by-value:
            s + "123"
        });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Divan API - `black_box_drop` Function

Source: https://docs.rs/divan

The `black_box_drop` function is a convenience function that combines `black_box` and `drop`.

```APIDOC
## Functions§

black_box_drop
    `black_box` + `drop` convenience function.
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmark Function with Per-Iteration Generated Inputs (Local, By-Reference)

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Bencher.html

Use `bench_local_refs` for benchmarking functions with generated inputs provided by reference, specifically when the benchmark must run in a single thread. This is suitable for functions that are not thread-safe.

```rust
#[divan::bench]
fn bench(bencher: divan::Bencher) {
    bencher
        .with_inputs(|| {
            // Generate input:
            String::from("...")
        })
        .bench_local_refs(|s| {
            // Use input by-reference:
            *s += "123";
        });
}
```

--------------------------------

### ItemsCount Struct Methods

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/counter/struct.ItemsCount.html

Methods for creating and managing item counts within the divan crate.

```APIDOC
## ItemsCount

### Description
Represents a counter for processing N items.

### Methods
- **new<N: CountUInt>(count: N) -> Self**
  - Creates a new ItemsCount instance for a specific count.
- **of_iter<T, I>(iter: I) -> Self where I: IntoIterator<Item = T>**
  - Creates a new ItemsCount instance by counting the items in an iterator.
```

--------------------------------

### Threads Option

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Configure the number of threads for benchmarking to measure contention on atomics and locks. The default is the available parallelism.

```APIDOC
## Threads Option

### Description
Benchmarked functions can be run across multiple threads via the `threads` option. This enables you to measure contention on atomics and locks. The default thread count is the available parallelism.

### Usage
The `threads` option can be set to any of:
  * `bool`: `true` for available parallelism, `false` for no parallelism.
  * `usize`: A specific number of threads. `0` means use available parallelism, and `1` means no parallelism.
  * `IntoIterator<Item = usize>`: For multiple thread counts, such as `Range<usize>`, `[usize; N]`, or `&[usize]`.

### Examples

```rust
// Use available parallelism
#[divan::bench(threads)]
fn arc_clone(bencher: divan::Bencher) {
    let arc = std::sync::Arc::new(42);
    bencher.bench(|| arc.clone());
}

// No parallelism
#[divan::bench(threads = false)]
fn single() {
    // ...
}

// Specific number of threads
#[divan::bench(threads = 10)]
fn specific() {
    // ...
}

// Range of threads
#[divan::bench(threads = 0..=8)]
fn range() {
    // Note: Includes 0 for available parallelism.
}

// Selection of thread counts
#[divan::bench(threads = [0, 1, 4, 8, 16])] 
fn selection() {
    // ...
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Bytes Format Configuration

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Configures how byte counts are scaled in benchmark outputs. This can also be set via the `--bytes-format` CLI argument or `DIVAN_BYTES_FORMAT` environment variable.

```APIDOC
## POST /api/config/bytes-format

### Description
Sets the format for displaying byte counts in benchmark results.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/api/config/bytes-format

### Parameters
#### Query Parameters
- **format** (BytesFormat) - Required - The desired format for byte scaling (e.g., "auto", "si", "iec").

### Request Example
```json
{
  "format": "si"
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **message** (string) - Confirmation message indicating the format has been updated.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "message": "Bytes format set to SI."
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Divan Throughput API

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Methods for tracking throughput metrics during benchmarks.

```APIDOC
## Throughput Methods

### Description
Methods to track items or bytes processed during benchmarks.

### Throughput Options
- **counter(counter: IntoCounter)**: Adds a custom counter.
- **items_count(count: Into<ItemsCount>)**: Sets the number of items processed.
- **bytes_count(count: Into<BytesCount>)**: Sets the number of bytes processed.
```

--------------------------------

### Compile Error: Applying `#[divan::bench]` Multiple Times

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Applying the `#[divan::bench]` attribute more than once to the same item will result in a compile-time error.

```rust
#[divan::bench]
#[divan::bench]
fn bench() {
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmarking with Multiple Threads

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Use the `threads` option to run benchmarks across multiple threads. The default is available parallelism. It accepts a boolean, a specific `usize` count, or an iterator over `usize` values.

```rust
use std::sync::Arc;

#[divan::bench(threads)]
fn arc_clone(bencher: divan::Bencher) {
    let arc = Arc::new(42);

    bencher.bench(|| arc.clone());
}
```

```rust
#[divan::bench(threads = false)]
fn single() {
    // ...
}
```

```rust
#[divan::bench(threads = 10)]
fn specific() {
    // ...
}
```

```rust
#[divan::bench(threads = 0..=8)]
fn range() {
    // Note: Includes 0 for available parallelism.
}
```

```rust
#[divan::bench(threads = [0, 1, 4, 8, 16])]
fn selection() {
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmark Function with Per-Iteration Generated Inputs (By-Reference)

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Bencher.html

Use `bench_refs` to benchmark a function that accepts generated inputs by reference. The input is regenerated for each iteration and can be used in parallel benchmarks.

```rust
#[divan::bench]
fn bench(bencher: divan::Bencher) {
    bencher
        .with_inputs(|| {
            // Generate input:
            String::from("...")
        })
        .bench_refs(|s| {
            // Use input by-reference:
            *s += "123";
        });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Minimum Time Option

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Set the minimum duration for each benchmark iteration using `min_time`. This can be overridden at runtime.

```APIDOC
## Minimum Time Option (`min_time`)

### Description
The minimum time spent benchmarking each function can be set to a predetermined `Duration` via the `min_time` option. This may be overridden at runtime using either the `DIVAN_MIN_TIME` environment variable or `--min-time` CLI argument.

Unless `skip_ext_time` is set, this includes time external to the benchmarked function, such as time spent generating inputs and running `Drop`.

### Usage
Can be set to a `std::time::Duration` or a numeric value representing seconds (`u64` or `f64`). Invalid numeric values will cause a panic at runtime.

### Examples

```rust
use std::time::Duration;

#[divan::bench(min_time = Duration::from_secs(3))]
fn add() -> i32 {
    // ...
}

#[divan::bench(min_time = 2)] // 2 seconds as u64
fn int_secs() -> i32 {
    // ...
}

#[divan::bench(min_time = 1.5)] // 1.5 seconds as f64
fn float_secs() -> i32 {
    // ...
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### bench_refs

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Bencher.html

Benchmarks a function over per-iteration generated inputs provided by-reference. Supports parallel execution.

```APIDOC
## bench_refs

### Description
Benchmarks a function over per-iteration generated inputs, provided by-reference. The function is called exactly once for each generated input and can be executed in parallel.

### Parameters
- **benched** (Fn(&mut I) -> O + Sync) - Required - The function to benchmark.

### Request Example
```rust
bencher.with_inputs(|| String::from("...")).bench_refs(|s| *s += "123");
```
```

--------------------------------

### TryInto Trait Methods

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/counter/struct.ItemsCount.html

Documentation for the TryInto trait methods used for fallible type conversion.

```APIDOC
## fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

### Description
Performs the conversion from type T to type U. This is a fallible conversion that returns a Result.

### Parameters
- **self** (T) - Required - The instance to be converted.

### Response
- **Result<U, Error>** - Returns Ok(U) if the conversion succeeds, or an Error if it fails.
```

--------------------------------

### Implement TryFrom for fallible conversion

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.AllocProfiler.html

Performs a conversion that may fail, returning a Result.

```rust
type Error = Infallible
fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>
```

--------------------------------

### Configure a single counter for a benchmark group

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench_group.html

Use the singular counter attribute for simpler tracking of a single metric.

```rust
use divan::counter::BytesCount;

const STR: &str = "...";

#[divan::bench_group(counter = BytesCount::of_str(STR))]
mod chars {
    use super::STR;

    #[divan::bench]
    fn count() -> usize {
        divan::black_box(STR).chars().count()
    }

    #[divan::bench]
    fn collect() -> String {
        divan::black_box(STR).chars().collect()
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Set Minimum Benchmark Time

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Sets the minimum duration a benchmark function should run. Equivalent to the `--min-time` CLI argument.

```rust
pub fn min_time(self, time: Duration) -> Self
```

--------------------------------

### Implement TryInto for fallible conversion

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.AllocProfiler.html

Performs a fallible conversion into a target type.

```rust
type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error
fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>
```

--------------------------------

### Set Output Coloring

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Configures whether the benchmark output should use colors. Accepts a boolean or an Option<bool>, where None defaults to auto-detection.

```rust
pub fn color(self, yes: impl Into<Option<bool>>) -> Self
```

--------------------------------

### Ignore Benchmark within `#[divan::bench]` Attribute

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Alternatively, the `ignore` option can be set directly within the `#[divan::bench]` attribute for a more concise syntax.

```rust
#[divan::bench(ignore)]
fn todo() {
    unimplemented!();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Register a benchmarking group

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench_group.html

Basic usage of the bench_group attribute macro.

```rust
#[bench_group]
```

--------------------------------

### Bencher::input_counter

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Bencher.html

Creates a counter for each input of the benchmarked function.

```APIDOC
## pub fn input_counter<C, F>(self, make_counter: F) -> Self

### Description
Calls a closure to create a Counter for each input of the benchmarked function.

### Parameters
- **make_counter** (Fn(&I) -> C + Sync + 'static) - Required - Closure to create a counter from input.

### Request Example
bencher
    .with_inputs(|| -> String { ... })
    .input_counter(BytesCount::of_str)
    .bench_refs(|s| {
        s.chars().count()
    });
```

--------------------------------

### Set Sample Size

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.Divan.html

Configures the number of iterations within a single sample for each benchmark. Equivalent to the `--sample-size` CLI argument.

```rust
pub fn sample_size(self, count: u32) -> Self
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmarking a lazy Iterator with for_each

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/fn.black_box_drop.html

Use this when benchmarking a lazy Iterator to completion with for_each. It requires the divan crate.

```rust
#[divan::bench]
fn parse_iter() {
    let input: &str = // ...

    Parser::new(input)
        .for_each(divan::black_box_drop);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Implement Into for type conversion

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/struct.AllocProfiler.html

Performs a conversion by calling the corresponding From implementation.

```rust
fn into(self) -> U
```

--------------------------------

### Emitting Performance Counters

Source: https://docs.rs/divan/0.1.21/divan/attr.bench.html

Configure performance counters using the `counters` option to emit metrics like bytes or items processed. `BytesCount::of_slice` and `ItemsCount::new` are used here. For a single counter, use the `counter` option.

```rust
use divan::{Bencher, counter::{BytesCount, ItemsCount}};

const INTS: &[i32] = &[
    // ...
];

#[divan::bench(counters = [
    BytesCount::of_slice(INTS),
    ItemsCount::new(INTS.len()),
])] 
fn sort(bencher: Bencher) {
    bencher
        .with_inputs(|| INTS.to_vec())
        .bench_refs(|ints| ints.sort());
}
```

```rust
use divan::counter::BytesCount;

const STR: &str = "...";

#[divan::bench(counter = BytesCount::of_str(STR))] 
fn char_count() -> usize {
    divan::black_box(STR).chars().count()
}
```