### OpenGL Application Setup and Rendering

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/usingopengl.html

A comprehensive example demonstrating camera movement, window resizing, 3D object rendering, and frame rate calculation.

```Ring
load "freeglut.ring"
load "opengl21lib.ring"

// angle of rotation for the camera direction
angle = 0.0

// actual vector representing the camera's direction
lx=0.0 lz=-1.0

// XZ position of the camera
x=0.0  z=5.0

// the key states. These variables will be zero
//when no key is being presses
deltaAngle = 0.0
deltaMove = 0
xOrigin = -1

// Constant definitions for Menus
C_RED  = 1
C_GREEN = 2
C_BLUE = 3
C_ORANGE = 4

C_FILL = 5
C_LINE = 6

// Pop up menu identifiers
fillMenu=NULL
fontMenu=NULL
mainMenu=NULL
colorMenu=NULL

// color for the nose
red = 1.0
blue=0.5
green=0.5

// scale of snowman
scale = 1.0

// menu status
menuFlag = 0

// default font
font = GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24

C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13 = 7
C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_9_BY_15 = 8
C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_10  = 9
C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24  = 10
C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_10  = 11
C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12  = 12
C_INT_GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18  = 13

// width and height of the window
h = 0
w = 0

// variables to compute frames per second
frame=0
time=0
timebase=0
s = ""

func changeSize
        w = glutEventWidth()
        h = glutEventHeight()

        // Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short
        // (you cant make a window of zero width).
        if h = 0
                h = 1
        ok

        ratio =  w * 1.0 / h

        // Use the Projection Matrix
        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)

        // Reset Matrix
        glLoadIdentity()

        // Set the viewport to be the entire window
        glViewport(0, 0, w, h)

        // Set the correct perspective.
        gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 0.1, 100.0)

        // Get Back to the Modelview
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)

func drawSnowMan

        glScalef(scale, scale, scale)
        glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)

// Draw Body
        glTranslatef(0.0 ,0.75, 0.0)
        glutSolidSphere(0.75,20,20)

// Draw Head
        glTranslatef(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
        glutSolidSphere(0.25,20,20)

// Draw Eyes
        glPushMatrix()
        glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0)
        glTranslatef(0.05, 0.10, 0.18)
        glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10)
        glTranslatef(-0.1, 0.0, 0.0)
        glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10)
        glPopMatrix()

// Draw Nose
        glColor3f(red, green, blue)
        glRotatef(0.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
        glutSolidCone(0.08,0.5,10,2)

        glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)

func renderBitmapString x,y,z,font,string
        glRasterPos3f(x, y,z)
        for c in string
                glutBitmapCharacter(font,ascii(c))
        next

func renderStrokeFontString x,y,z,font,string
        glPushMatrix()
        glTranslatef(x, y,z)
        glScalef(0.002, 0.002, 0.002)
        for c in string
                glutStrokeCharacter(font, Ascii(c));
        next
        glPopMatrix()


func restorePerspectiveProjection

        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
        // restore previous projection matrix
        glPopMatrix()

        // get back to modelview mode
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)


func setOrthographicProjection

        // switch to projection mode
        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)

        // save previous matrix which contains the
        //settings for the perspective projection
        glPushMatrix()

        // reset matrix
        glLoadIdentity()

        // set a 2D orthographic projection
        gluOrtho2D(0, w, h, 0)

        // switch back to modelview mode
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)



func computePos deltaMove

        x += deltaMove * lx * 0.1
        z += deltaMove * lz * 0.1


func renderScene

        if  deltaMove
                computePos(deltaMove)
        ok

        // Clear Color and Depth Buffers
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

        // Reset transformations
        glLoadIdentity()

        // Set the camera
        gluLookAt(      x, 1.0, z,
                        x+lx, 1.0,  z+lz,
                        0.0, 1.0,  0.0)

        // Draw ground

        glColor3f(0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
        glBegin(GL_QUADS)
                glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0, -100.0)
                glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0,  100.0)
                glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0,  100.0)
                glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0, -100.0)
        glEnd()

// Draw 9 SnowMen
        for i = -3 to -1
                for j = -3 to -1
                        glPushMatrix()
                        glTranslatef(i*10.0, 0.0, j * 10.0)
                        drawSnowMan()
                        number = (i+3)*3+(j+3)
                        renderBitmapString(0.0, 0.5, 0.0,font ,""+number)
                        glPopMatrix()
                next
        next

        // Code to compute frames per second
        frame++
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Configure a Qt3D Scene

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/qt3d.html

This example demonstrates the full lifecycle of a Qt3D scene, including window creation, camera setup, model loading, material application, and light source configuration.

```Ring
load "guilib.ring"

new qApp {

        oWidget = new QWidget()

        oView = new Qt3DWindow()
        oView.defaultFrameGraph().setClearColor(new QColor() {setRGB(0,0,0,255)})

        oContainer = oWidget.createWindowContainer(oView,oWidget,0)

        oRootEntity = new QEntity(oContainer)

        oInput = new QInputAspect(oRootEntity)
                oView.registerAspect(oInput)

        oCameraEntity = oView.Camera()

        oCameraEntity.lens().setPerspectiveProjection(45.0, 16.0/9.0, 0.1, 1000)
        oCameraEntity.setPosition(new QVector3D(-13.34, -6.43, 16.47))
                oCameraEntity.setUpVector(new QVector3D(0.02, 0, 1))
                oCameraEntity.setViewCenter(new QVector3D(-13.34, 17.05, 15.42))

        oCameraController = new  QFirstPersonCameraController(oRootEntity)
        oCameraController.setCamera(oCameraEntity)
        oCameraController.setEnabled(False)

        oLongRoomEntity = new QEntity(oRootEntity)

        oLongRoomModel = new QMesh(oLongRoomEntity)

        oLongRoomModel.setSource(
                new qURL("file:///"+CurrentDir()+"/assets/model/Long_Room.obj") )

        oLongRoomTransform = new  QTransform(oLongRoomEntity)
        oLongRoomTransform.setScale(1)
        oLongRoomTransform.setTranslation(new QVector3D(5, 0, 15))

        oLongRoomLoader = new  QTextureLoader(oLongRoomModel)
        oLongRoomMaterial = new QTextureMaterial(oLongRoomModel)
        oLongRoomLoader.setSource(
                new QUrl("file:///"+currentdir()+"/assets/texture/croc.jpg") )
        oLongRoomMaterial.setTexture(oLongRoomLoader)

        oLongRoomEntity.addComponent(oLongRoomModel)
        oLongRoomEntity.addComponent(oLongRoomMaterial)
        oLongRoomEntity.addComponent(oLongRoomTransform)

        oTableEntity = new QEntity(oRootEntity)

        oTableModel = new QMesh(oTableEntity)
        oTableModel.setSource(
                new qURL("file:///"+CurrentDir()+"/assets/model/Reception_Table.obj") )

        oTableTransform = new  QTransform(oTableEntity)
        oTableTransform.setScale(0.3)
        oTableTransform.setTranslation(new QVector3D(5, 0, 15))
        oQ = new QQuaternion(0,0,0,0)
        oTableTransform.setRotation(oQ.fromAxisAndAngle(new QVector3D(0, 1, 1), -180))

        oTableModelMaterial = new QPhongMaterial(oTableEntity)
        oTableModelMaterial.setDiffuse(new QColor() {setRGB(255,255,255,255)})

        oTableEntity.addComponent(oTableModel)
        oTableEntity.addComponent(oTableModelmaterial)
        oTableEntity.addComponent(oTableTransform)

        oFirstLightEntity = new QEntity(oRootEntity)

                oFirstLight = new QPointLight(oFirstLightEntity)
        oFirstLight.setColor(new qColor() { setRGB(128,128,128,128) })
        oFirstLight.setIntensity(1)

        oFirstLightTransform = new QTransform(oFirstLightEntity)
        oFirstLightTransform.setTranslation(new QVector3D(5, 0, 20))

        oFirstLightEntity.addComponent(oFirstLight)
        oFirstLightEntity.addComponent(oFirstLightTransform)

        aCats = list(5)
        for n = 1 to 5
        v = n * 0.1
        aCats[n] = []
        aCats[n][:oCatModelEntity] = new QEntity(oRootEntity)
        aCats[n][:oCatModel] = new QMesh(aCats[n][:oCatModelEntity])
        aCats[n][:oCatModel].setSource(
                new qURL("file:///"+CurrentDir()+"/assets/model/Lucky_Cat.obj") )
        aCats[n][:oCatModelMaterial] = new QPhongMaterial(aCats[n][:oCatModel])
        aCats[n][:oCatModelMaterial].setDiffuse(
                new QColor() {setRGB(255,255,255,255)})
        aCats[n][:oCatModelTransform] = new  QTransform(aCats[n][:oCatModelEntity])
        aCats[n][:oCatModelTransform].setScale(0.01)
        aCats[n][:oCatModelTransform].setTranslation(
                new QVector3D(-5*(v+v), 1, 15.2))
        oQ = new QQuaternion(0,0,0,0)
        aCats[n][:oCatModelTransform].setRotation(
                oQ.fromAxisAndAngle(
                        new QVector3D(0, 1, 1), 180))
        aCats[n][:oCatModelEntity].addComponent(aCats[n][:oCatModel])
        aCats[n][:oCatModelEntity].addComponent(aCats[n][:oCatModelmaterial])
        aCats[n][:oCatModelEntity].addComponent(aCats[n][:oCatModelTransform])
        next

        oSecondLightEntity = new QEntity(oRootEntity)

        oSecondLight = new QPointLight(oSecondLightEntity)
        oSecondLight.setColor(new qColor() { setRGB(255,255,255,255) })
        oSecondLight.setIntensity(1)

        oSecondLightTransform = new QTransform(oSecondLightEntity)
        oSecondLightTransform.setTranslation(new QVector3D(-5, 1, 15.5))

        oSecondLightEntity.addComponent(oSecondLight)
        oSecondLightEntity.addComponent(oSecondLightTransform)

        oRobotEntity = new QEntity(oRootEntity)
```

--------------------------------

### LibUI Control Gallery Implementation

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/libui.html

A complete example demonstrating the setup of a main window with tabs and various UI components like sliders, spinboxes, and file choosers.

```ring
# Sample ported to Ring
# Based on original sample from : https://github.com/andlabs/libui

load "libui.ring"

# Global Variables

        slider = NULL
        spinbox = NULL
        pBar = NULL
        entryOpen = NULL
        entrySave = NULL

# Main Window

        mainwin = uiNewWindow("libui Control Gallery", 640, 480, 1)
        uiWindowOnClosing(mainwin, "onClosing()")

        tab = uiNewTab()
        uiWindowSetChild(mainwin, tab)
        uiWindowSetMargined(mainwin, 1)

        uiTabAppend(tab, "Basic Controls", makeBasicControlsPage())
        uiTabSetMargined(tab, 0, 1)

        uiTabAppend(tab, "Numbers and Lists", makeNumbersPage())
        uiTabSetMargined(tab, 1, 1)

        uiTabAppend(tab, "Data Choosers", makeDataChoosersPage())
        uiTabSetMargined(tab, 2, 1)

        uiControlShow(mainwin)
        uiMain()

func onClosing
        uiQuit()

func makeDataChoosersPage

        hbox = uiNewHorizontalBox()
        uiBoxSetPadded(hbox, 1)

        vbox = uiNewVerticalBox()
        uiBoxSetPadded(vbox, 1)
        uiBoxAppend(hbox, vbox, 0)

        uiBoxAppend(vbox,
                uiNewDatePicker(),
                0)
        uiBoxAppend(vbox,
                uiNewTimePicker(),
                0)
        uiBoxAppend(vbox,
                uiNewDateTimePicker(),
                0)

        uiBoxAppend(vbox,
                uiNewFontButton(),
                0)
        uiBoxAppend(vbox,
                uiNewColorButton(),
                0)

        uiBoxAppend(hbox,
                uiNewVerticalSeparator(),
                0)

        vbox = uiNewVerticalBox()
        uiBoxSetPadded(vbox, 1)
        uiBoxAppend(hbox, vbox, 1)

        grid = uiNewGrid()
        uiGridSetPadded(grid, 1)
        uiBoxAppend(vbox, grid, 0)

        button = uiNewButton("Open File")
        entryOpen = uiNewEntry()
        uiEntrySetReadOnly(entryOpen, 1)
        uiButtonOnClicked(button, "onOpenFileClicked()")
        uiGridAppend(grid, button,
                0, 0, 1, 1,
                0, uiAlignFill, 0, uiAlignFill)
        uiGridAppend(grid, entryOpen,
                1, 0, 1, 1,
                1, uiAlignFill, 0, uiAlignFill)

        button = uiNewButton("Save File")
        entrySave = uiNewEntry()
        uiEntrySetReadOnly(entrySave, 1)
        uiButtonOnClicked(button, "onSaveFileClicked()")
        uiGridAppend(grid, button,
                0, 1, 1, 1,
                0, uiAlignFill, 0, uiAlignFill)
        uiGridAppend(grid, entrySave,
                1, 1, 1, 1,
                1, uiAlignFill, 0, uiAlignFill)

        msggrid = uiNewGrid()
        uiGridSetPadded(msggrid, 1)
        uiGridAppend(grid, msggrid,
                0, 2, 2, 1,
                0, uiAlignCenter, 0, uiAlignStart)

        button = uiNewButton("Message Box")
        uiButtonOnClicked(button, "onMsgBoxClicked()")
        uiGridAppend(msggrid, button,
                0, 0, 1, 1,
                0, uiAlignFill, 0, uiAlignFill)
        button = uiNewButton("Error Box")
        uiButtonOnClicked(button, "onMsgBoxErrorClicked()")
        uiGridAppend(msggrid, button,
                1, 0, 1, 1,
                0, uiAlignFill, 0, uiAlignFill)

        return hbox

func makeNumbersPage

        hbox = uiNewHorizontalBox()
        uiBoxSetPadded(hbox, 1)

        group = uiNewGroup("Numbers")
        uiGroupSetMargined(group, 1)
        uiBoxAppend(hbox, group, 1)

        vbox = uiNewVerticalBox()
        uiBoxSetPadded(vbox, 1)
        uiGroupSetChild(group, vbox)

        spinbox = uiNewSpinbox(0, 100)
        slider = uiNewSlider(0, 100)
        pbar = uiNewProgressBar()
        uiSpinboxOnChanged(spinbox, "onSpinboxChanged()")
        uiSliderOnChanged(slider, "onSliderChanged()")
        uiBoxAppend(vbox, spinbox, 0)
        uiBoxAppend(vbox, slider, 0)
        uiBoxAppend(vbox, pbar, 0)

        ip = uiNewProgressBar()
        uiProgressBarSetValue(ip, -1)
        uiBoxAppend(vbox, ip, 0)

        group = uiNewGroup("Lists")
        uiGroupSetMargined(group, 1)
        uiBoxAppend(hbox, group, 1)

        vbox = uiNewVerticalBox()
        uiBoxSetPadded(vbox, 1)
        uiGroupSetChild(group, vbox)

        cbox = uiNewCombobox()
        uiComboboxAppend(cbox, "Combobox Item 1")
        uiComboboxAppend(cbox, "Combobox Item 2")
        uiComboboxAppend(cbox, "Combobox Item 3")
        uiBoxAppend(vbox, cbox, 0)

        ecbox = uiNewEditableCombobox()
        uiEditableComboboxAppend(ecbox, "Editable Item 1")
        uiEditableComboboxAppend(ecbox, "Editable Item 2")
        uiEditableComboboxAppend(ecbox, "Editable Item 3")
        uiBoxAppend(vbox, ecbox, 0)

        rb = uiNewRadioButtons()
        uiRadioButtonsAppend(rb, "Radio Button 1")
        uiRadioButtonsAppend(rb, "Radio Button 2")
        uiRadioButtonsAppend(rb, "Radio Button 3")
        uiBoxAppend(vbox, rb, 0)

        return hbox


func makeBasicControlsPage

        vbox = uiNewVerticalBox()
        uiBoxSetPadded(vbox, 1)
```

--------------------------------

### Install Dependencies

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/sourcecode.html

Navigate to the build directory and execute the dependency installation script.

```bash
cd ring/build
./installdepmac.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize OpenGL and GLUT

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/usingopengl.html

Basic setup for OpenGL depth testing and starting the GLUT event processing loop.

```Ring
// here are the two new functions
glutMouseFunc(:mouseButton)
glutMotionFunc(:mouseMove)

// OpenGL init
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)

// enter GLUT event processing cycle
glutMainLoop()
```

--------------------------------

### Install RingQt3D Samples

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/qt3d.html

Use the Ring Package Manager to install the sample projects for this chapter.

```bash
ringpm install ringqt3dsamples
```

--------------------------------

### Complete Build and Installation

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/sourcecode.html

Commands to build the entire project and install the binary to the system path.

```bash
cd ring/build
./buildclang.sh
```

```bash
cd ring/bin
sudo ./install.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Install and run Chess3D-Qt3D sample

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew15.html

Commands to install and execute the Chess3D-Qt3D application using the Ring Package Manager.

```bash
ringpm install Chess3D-Qt3D
ringpm run Chess3D-Qt3D
```

--------------------------------

### Install Dependencies

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/sourcecode.html

Runs the dependency installation script for Ubuntu.

```bash
cd ring/build
./installdepubuntu.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Install PPTXLib

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew27.html

Use the Ring package manager to install the PPTXLib library.

```bash
ringpm install pptxlib
```

--------------------------------

### Install Ring System-Wide

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/ring_cloud_cgi.html

Execute the installation script to make the ring command available globally.

```bash
cd /opt/ring/bin
sudo bash install.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Hello World using the Web Library

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/web.html

Utilize the System.Web library to generate HTML pages. Example 1 uses the 'new' keyword, while Example 2 uses the WebPage() function.

```ring
#!ring -cgi

Load "weblib.ring"

Import System.Web

New Page
{
        Text("Hello World!")
}

```

```ring
#!ring -cgi

Load "weblib.ring"

Import System.Web

WebPage()
{
        Text("Hello World!")
}

```

--------------------------------

### Main menu program output example

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/demo.html

Example output showing the interaction flow of the menu-driven program.

```Text
        Main Menu
        ===========
        [1] Say Hello
        [2] Sum two numbers
        [3] Stars
        [4] Fact
        [5] Exit

        1

Enter your name ? Mahmoud Fayed
Hello Mahmoud Fayed


        Main Menu
        ===========
        [1] Say Hello
        [2] Sum two numbers
        [3] Stars
        [4] Fact
        [5] Exit

        2

number 1 : 3
number 2 : 4
Sum : 7

        Main Menu
        ===========
        [1] Say Hello
        [2] Sum two numbers
        [3] Stars
        [4] Fact
        [5] Exit

        3

        *
        **
        ***
        ****
        *****
        ******
        *******
        ********
        *********
        **********


        Main Menu
        ===========
        [1] Say Hello
        [2] Sum two numbers
        [3] Stars
        [4] Fact
        [5] Exit

        4

Enter Number : 5
Output : 120

        Main Menu
        ===========
        [1] Say Hello
        [2] Sum two numbers
        [3] Stars
        [4] Fact
        [5] Exit

        5
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize a libui Window and Layout

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/libui.html

Demonstrates the basic setup of a window, horizontal and vertical boxes, a font button, a form, and a combobox.

```Ring
mainwin = uiNewWindow("libui Text-Drawing Example", 640, 480, 1)
uiWindowSetMargined(mainwin, 1)
uiWindowOnClosing(mainwin, "onClosing()")

hbox = uiNewHorizontalBox()
uiBoxSetPadded(hbox, 1)
uiWindowSetChild(mainwin, hbox)

vbox = uiNewVerticalBox()
uiBoxSetPadded(vbox, 1)
uiBoxAppend(hbox, vbox, 0)

fontButton = uiNewFontButton()
uiFontButtonOnChanged(fontButton, "onFontChanged()")
uiBoxAppend(vbox, fontButton, 0)

form = uiNewForm()
uiFormSetPadded(form, 1)
uiBoxAppend(vbox, form, 0)

alignment = uiNewCombobox()
uiComboboxAppend(alignment, "Left")
uiComboboxAppend(alignment, "Center")
uiComboboxAppend(alignment, "Right")
uiComboboxSetSelected(alignment, 0)             // start with left alignment
uiComboboxOnSelected(alignment, "onComboboxSelected()")
uiFormAppend(form, "Alignment", alignment, 0)

oAreaHandler = uiNewAreaHandler("handlerDraw()","","","","")
area = uiNewArea(oAreaHandler)
uiBoxAppend(hbox, area, 1)

uiControlShow(mainwin)
uiMain()
uiFreeAttributedString(attrstr)
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Run TUI Framework

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew26.html

Commands to install and execute the TUI framework developed via prompt-driven development.

```bash
ringpm install TUIFrameworkUsingClaudeCode
ringpm run TUIFrameworkUsingClaudeCode
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Main Application

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/usingopengl.html

Sets up the GLUT window, registers callbacks, and starts the event loop.

```Ring
func main

        // init GLUT and create window
        glutInit()
        glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA)
        glutInitWindowPosition(100,100)
        glutInitWindowSize(320,320)
        glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test 10")

        // register callbacks
        glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene)
        glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize)
        glutIdleFunc(:renderScene)

        glutIgnoreKeyRepeat(1)
        glutKeyboardFunc(:processNormalKeys)
        glutSpecialFunc(:pressKey)
        glutSpecialUpFunc(:releaseKey)

        // here are the two new functions
        glutMouseFunc(:mouseButton)
        glutMotionFunc(:mouseMove)

        // OpenGL init
        glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
        glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)

        // init Menus
        createPopupMenus()

        // enter GLUT event processing cycle
        glutMainLoop()
```

--------------------------------

### Install RingPM packages

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew24.html

Install additional packages from the RingPM registry using the install command.

```bash
ringpm install webview
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Hello World console application

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/ringnotepad.html

A basic example to print text to the standard output.

```Ring
see "Hello, World!"
```

--------------------------------

### Install Git

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/sourcecode.html

Installs the Git version control system.

```bash
sudo apt-get install git
```

--------------------------------

### Run Installed Packages

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/ringpm.html

Execute a package that has been previously installed.

```bash
ringpm run firstpackage
```

--------------------------------

### Multi-file project example

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/programstructure.html

Demonstrates splitting an application into a main entry file and a secondary file containing function definitions.

```ring
# File : Start.ring

Load "sub.ring"

sayhello("Mahmoud")
```

```ring
# File : sub.ring

func sayhello cName
        see "Hello " + cName + nl
```

--------------------------------

### Inheritance Example Output

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/oop.html

The expected output from the inheritance example.

```Text
Name : test
Age  : 20
Job  : programmer
Salary : 20000000
```

--------------------------------

### While Loop Example

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/controlstructures3.html

Example of a while loop containing a switch statement.

```Ring
While True {

        print("
                Main Menu
                ---------
                (1) Say Hello
                (2) About
                (3) Exit

                  ")

        nOption = GetString()

        switch nOption {
        case 1
                print("Enter your name : ")
                name = getstring()
                print("Hello #{name}\n")
        case 2
                print("Sample : using switch statement\n")
        case 3
                Bye
        else
                print("bad option...\n")
        }

}
```

--------------------------------

### Install Ring-CFFI

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew27.html

Use the Ring package manager to install the library.

```bash
ringpm install ring-cffi
```

--------------------------------

### Install Archive Package

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew26.html

Command to install the Archive manipulation library.

```bash
ringpm install archive
```

--------------------------------

### Run Initialization Script

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/ring_cloud.html

Execute the script to perform the SSL certificate setup.

```bash
./init-letsencrypt.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Install RingSlint Package

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew26.html

Command to install the RingSlint UI package.

```bash
ringpm install ring-slint
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Notepad Application with RingQt

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/qt.html

Initializes a main window with a toolbar containing various file and editing operation buttons.

```ring
Load "guilib.ring"

cActiveFileName = ""
aTextColor = [0,0,0]
aBackColor = [255,255,255]
cFont = "MS Shell Dlg 2,14,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0"
cWebsite = "http://www.google.com"

oSearch = NULL
oSearchValue = NULL
oSearchCase = NULL
oSearchFilter = NULL
oReplaceValue = NULL

lAskToSave = false

MyApp = New qApp {
        win1 = new qMainWindow() {

                setwindowtitle("Ring Notepad")
                setGeometry(100,100,400,400)
                aBtns = [
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/new.png")
                                        setclickevent("pNew()")
                                        settooltip("New File")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/open.png")
                                        setclickevent("pOpen()")
                                        settooltip("Open File")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/save.png")
                                        setclickevent("pSave()")
                                        settooltip("Save")
                                 } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/saveas.png")
                                        setclickevent("pSaveAs()")
                                        settooltip("Save As")
                                 } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/cut.png")
                                        setclickevent("pCut()")
                                        settooltip("Cut")
                                 } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/copy.png")
                                        setclickevent("pCopy()")
                                        settooltip("Copy")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/paste.png")
                                        setclickevent("pPaste()")
                                        settooltip("Paste")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/font.png")
                                        setclickevent("pFont()")
                                        settooltip("Font")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/colors.jpg")
                                        setclickevent("pColor()")
                                        settooltip("Text Color")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/search.png")
                                        setclickevent("pFind()")
                                        settooltip("Find and Replace")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/print.png")
                                        setclickevent("pPrint()")
                                        settooltip("Print")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/debug.png")
                                        setclickevent("pDebug()")
                                        settooltip("Debug (Run then wait!)")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/run.png")
                                        setclickevent("pRun()")
                                        settooltip("Run the program")
                                } ,
                                new qpushbutton(win1) {
                                        setbtnimage(self,"image/close.png")
                                        setclickevent("pQuit()")
                                        settooltip("Quit")
                                }
                        ]

                tool1 = addtoolbar("files")  {
                        for x in aBtns addwidget(x) addseparator() next
                }

                menu1 = new qmenubar(win1) {
                        sub1 = addmenu("File")
```

--------------------------------

### Install CodeRooms3D Game

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew26.html

Command to install the CodeRooms3D game package.

```bash
ringpm install coderooms3d
```

--------------------------------

### Main Initialization

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/usingopengl.html

Sets up the GLUT window and registers callback functions.

```Ring
func main

        // init GLUT and create window
        glutInit()
        glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA)
        glutInitWindowPosition(100,100)
        glutInitWindowSize(320,320)
        glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test 11")

        // register callbacks
        glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene)
        glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize)
        glutIdleFunc(:renderScene)

        glutIgnoreKeyRepeat(1)
        glutKeyboardFunc(:processNormalKeys)
        glutSpecialFunc(:pressKey)
        glutSpecialUpFunc(:releaseKey)

        // here are the two new functions
        glutMouseFunc(:mouseButton)
        glutMotionFunc(:mouseMove)
```

--------------------------------

### Creating Entry Point File

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/distribute.html

Creating a ring.ring file to trigger the application execution.

```text
Create a file c:\myapp\ring.ring
```

--------------------------------

### Install LineDrawing3D Game

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew26.html

Command to install the LineDrawing3D game package.

```bash
ringpm install linedrawing3d
```

--------------------------------

### Install DaveTheFighter Game

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew26.html

Command to install the DaveTheFighter game package.

```bash
ringpm install davethefighter
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Full Screen Window in Ring Raylib

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/ringraylib.html

Demonstrates how to set up a window and toggle it to full-screen mode using the Raylib library.

```Ring
load "raylib.ring"

screenWidth     = 1024
screenHeight    = 768

InitWindow(screenWidth, screenHeight, "Full Screen")
ToggleFullScreen()

SetTargetFPS(60)

while !WindowShouldClose()
        BeginDrawing()
                ClearBackground(DARKBLUE)
                DrawText("Count from 1 to 10", 190, 200, 20, Yellow)
                for t = 1 to 10
                        DrawText("Number: " + t, 190, 200+(30*t), 20, WHITE)
                next
        EndDrawing()
end

CloseWindow()
```

--------------------------------

### Perform Complete Build

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/sourcecode.html

Builds the compiler, VM, extensions, and tools, then runs the installation script.

```bash
cd ring/build
./buildgcc.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Install Tank3D Game

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew26.html

Command to install the Tank3D game package.

```bash
ringpm install tank3d
```

--------------------------------

### Closure Example Output

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew26.html

Expected output from the closure example code.

```text
1
11
12
1013
99
1014
98
```

--------------------------------

### Use the library wrapper

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/ringemb.html

Example of loading and using the commercial library wrapper.

```ring
load "commercialLib.ring"
mylib.test()
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Hello World GUI application

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/libui.html

Initializes a window with buttons that trigger message boxes or close the application.

```ring
load "libui.ring"

oWindow = uiNewWindow( "Hello, World", 400, 400, True)
uiWindowOnClosing(oWindow,"closeApp()")

btn1 = uiNewButton("SayHello")
uiButtonOnClicked(btn1,"sayHello()")

btn2 = uiNewButton("Close")
uiButtonOnClicked(btn2,"closeApp()")

g = uiNewGrid() uiGridSetPadded(g, 1) uiWindowSetChild(oWindow, g)
uiGridAppend(g, btn1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, uiAlignFill, 0, uiAlignFill)
uiGridAppend(g, btn2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, uiAlignFill, 0, uiAlignFill)

uiControlShow( oWindow )
uiMain()

func sayHello
        uiMsgBox(oWindow,"Hi","Hello")

func closeApp
        uiQuit()
```

--------------------------------

### For in Loop Examples

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/controlstructures3.html

Examples of iterating over lists and modifying items by reference.

```Ring
aList = 1:10    # create list contains numbers from 1 to 10
for x in aList { print("#{x}\n") }  # print numbers from 1 to 10
```

```Ring
aList = 1:10    # create list contains numbers from 1 to 10
# print odd items inside the list
for x in aList step 2 {
        print("#{x}\n")
}
```

```Ring
aList = 1:5     # create list contains numbers from 1 to 5
# replace list numbers with strings
for x in aList {
        switch x {
        case 1  x = "one"
        case 2  x = "two"
        case 3  x = "three"
        case 4  x = "four"
        case 5  x = "five"
        }
}
print(aList)    # print the list items
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Run a Libuv Loop

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/libuv.html

Demonstrates the basic lifecycle of a libuv loop, including initialization, execution, and cleanup.

```ring
load "libuv.ring"

func main

        myloop = new_uv_loop_t()
        uv_loop_init(myloop)
        ? "Now quitting"
        uv_run(myloop, UV_RUN_DEFAULT)
        uv_loop_close(myloop)
        destroy_uv_loop_t(myloop)
```

--------------------------------

### Install PDFLib

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew27.html

Use the Ring package manager to install the PDFLib library.

```bash
ringpm install pdflib
```

--------------------------------

### Install SVGLib

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew27.html

Use the Ring package manager to install the SVGLib library.

```bash
ringpm install svglib
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qt Runtime

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/sourcecode.html

Command to copy Qt runtime files to the Ring bin folder.

```batch
cd ring/extensions/ringqt/binupdate
installqt515.bat
```

--------------------------------

### Using System Class Methods

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/stdlibclasses.html

Demonstrates how to execute system commands, retrieve environment variables, and check operating system properties.

```ring
Load "stdlib.ring"

oSystem = new System

See "Test the System Class Methods" + nl

oSystem.system("dir")
see oSystem.sysget("path") + nl
see oSystem.ismsdos() + nl
see oSystem.iswindows() + nl
see oSystem.iswindows64() + nl
see oSystem.isunix() + nl
see oSystem.ismacosx() + nl
see oSystem.islinux() + nl
see oSystem.isfreebsd() + nl
see oSystem.isandroid() + nl
see oSystem.windowsnl() + nl
see oSystem.sysargv() + nl
see oSystem.filename() + nl
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Main OpenGL Application

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/usingopengl.html

Sets up the GLUT window, registers event callbacks, and starts the main event loop.

```ring
func main

        // init GLUT and create window
        glutInit()
        glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA)
        glutInitWindowPosition(100,100)
        glutInitWindowSize(320,320)
        glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test - 9 SnowMan")

        // register callbacks
        glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene)
        glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize)
        glutIdleFunc(:renderScene)

        glutIgnoreKeyRepeat(1)
        glutKeyboardFunc(:processNormalKeys)
        glutSpecialFunc(:pressKey)
        glutSpecialUpFunc(:releaseKey)

        // here are the two new functions
        glutMouseFunc(:mouseButton)
        glutMotionFunc(:mouseMove)

        // OpenGL init
        glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
        glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)

        // init Menus
        createPopupMenus()

        // enter GLUT event processing cycle
        glutMainLoop()
```

--------------------------------

### Install Proc Package

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew26.html

Command to install the Proc package via ringpm.

```bash
ringpm install proc
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Render with LibSDL and Tilengine

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/tilengine.html

Demonstrates the full lifecycle of integrating Tilengine with LibSDL, including initialization, setting the render target, and the main event loop.

```ring
load "tilengine.ring"
load "libsdl.ring"

width  = 640
height = 480

func main

        # Start Tilengine
                TLN_Init(width, height, 2, 80, 0)

        # Start LibSDL
                SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING)
                win = SDL_CreateWindow("Using LibSDL and Tilengine", 100, 100, width, height, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN|SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL)
                ren = SDL_CreateRenderer(win, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC )

        # Create the Surface in LibSDL that will be used by Tilengine for Drawing
                surface = SDL_CreateRGBSurface(0, width, height, 32, 0,0,0,0)
        # Get the Surface Pixels pointer from the Surface Structure
                pixels = SDL_Get_SDL_Surface_Pixels(surface)
        # Pass the Pixels pointer to Tilengine
                TLN_SetRenderTarget(pixels, width * 4)

        # Using Tilengine
                TLN_SetLoadPath("assets\sonic")
                foreground = TLN_LoadTilemap ("Sonic_md_fg1.tmx", NULL)
                TLN_SetLayerTilemap(0, foreground)

        # Using LibSDL Events Loop
                oEvent = SDL_New_SDL_Event()

                while true

                        # Using Tilengine to Update the Frame
                                        TLN_UpdateFrame(0)

                        # Draw Tilengine results using LibSDL
                        # ( Surface --> Texture --> Render)
                                tex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(ren, surface);
                                SDL_RenderCopy2(ren,tex)
                                SDL_DestroyTexture(tex)

                        # Draw Rectangle using LibSDL
                                rect = SDL_New_SDL_Rect()
                                SDL_Set_SDL_Rect_x(rect,10)
                                SDL_Set_SDL_Rect_y(rect,10)
                                SDL_Set_SDL_Rect_w(rect,100)
                                SDL_Set_SDL_Rect_h(rect,100)
                                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(ren,255,255,255,255)
                                SDL_RenderDrawRect(ren,rect)
                                SDL_Destroy_SDL_Rect(rect)

                        # Display Results using LibSDL
                                SDL_RenderPresent(ren)

                        # Check Events

                                        SDL_PollEvent(oEvent)
                                        switch SDL_Get_SDL_Event_Type(oEvent)
                                                        on SDL_Get_SDL_Quit()
                                                                        exit
                                                        on SDL_Get_SDL_Keydown()
                                                                        Key = SDL_Get_SDL_Event_key_Keysym_Sym(oEvent)
                                                                        if key = 27 exit ok
                                        off
                end

        # End of Tilengine Usage
                TLN_Deinit()

        # End of LibSDL Usage
                SDL_DestroyWindow(win)
                SDL_Quit()
```

--------------------------------

### Print ODBC Drivers Example

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/odbc.html

Demonstrates initializing the ODBC interface, listing drivers, and closing the connection.

```ring
See "ODBC test 1" + nl
oODBC = odbc_init()
See "Drivers " + nl
see odbc_drivers(oODBC)
odbc_close(oODBC)
```

--------------------------------

### Ring-CFFI Example Output

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew27.html

Expected console output from the provided CFFI example.

```text
sqrt(25) = 5
Hello, World! Number: 123
```

--------------------------------

### RandomList function example

Source: https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.27/whatisnew15.html

Example usage of the RandomList function to randomize a list.

```ring
load "stdlib.ring"
aList = 1:5
? RandomList(aList)
```