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### Client Usage Example

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/iterator/go/example

Demonstrates how to use the iterator to traverse the collection.

```go
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

	user1 := &User{
		name: "a",
		age:  30,
	}
	user2 := &User{
		name: "b",
		age:  20,
	}

	userCollection := &UserCollection{
		users: []*User{user1, user2},
	}

	iterator := userCollection.createIterator()

	for iterator.hasNext() {
		user := iterator.getNext()
		fmt.Printf("User is %+v\n", user)
	}
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example Output

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/abstract-factory/rust/example

Expected output when running the application.

```text
Windows button has pressed
Windows button has pressed
Windows checkbox has switched
Windows checkbox has switched
```

--------------------------------

### Usage Example

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/abstract-factory/php/example

Demonstrates how to invoke the rendering process using a concrete factory.

```php
$page = new Page('Sample page', 'This is the body.');

echo "Testing actual rendering with the PHPTemplate factory:\n";
echo $page->render(new PHPTemplateFactory());
```

--------------------------------

### Client Demo Code

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/facade/java/example

Example usage of the facade to perform a video conversion.

```java
package refactoring_guru.facade.example;

import refactoring_guru.facade.example.facade.VideoConversionFacade;

import java.io.File;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        VideoConversionFacade converter = new VideoConversionFacade();
        File mp4Video = converter.convertVideo("youtubevideo.ogg", "mp4");
        // ...
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execution Result of Facade Example

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/facade/php/example

The expected output when running the provided PHP facade example.

```text
Fetching video metadata from youtube...
Saving video file to a temporary file...
Processing source video...
Normalizing and resizing the video to smaller dimensions...
Capturing preview image...
Saving video in target formats...
Done!
```

--------------------------------

### Client Usage Example

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/builder/rust/example

Demonstrates how the client uses the Director and concrete builders to construct a car and a car manual.

```rust
#![allow(unused)]

mod builders;
mod cars;
mod components;
mod director;

use builders::{Builder, CarBuilder, CarManualBuilder};
use cars::{Car, Manual};
use director::Director;

fn main() {
    let mut car_builder = CarBuilder::default();

    // Director gets the concrete builder object from the client
    // (application code). That's because application knows better which
    // builder to use to get a specific product.
    Director::construct_sports_car(&mut car_builder);

    // The final product is often retrieved from a builder object, since
    // Director is not aware and not dependent on concrete builders and
    // products.
    let car: Car = car_builder.build();
    println!("Car built: {:?}\n", car.car_type());

    let mut manual_builder = CarManualBuilder::default();

    // Director may know several building recipes.
    Director::construct_city_car(&mut manual_builder);

    // The final car manual.
    let manual: Manual = manual_builder.build();
    println!("Car manual built:\n{}", manual);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execution Output for Adapter Example

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/adapter/csharp/example

Displays the console output generated by the conceptual Adapter implementation.

```text
Adaptee interface is incompatible with the client.
But with adapter client can call it's method.
This is 'Specific request.'
```

--------------------------------

### Client Usage Demonstration

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/memento/php/example

Demonstrates initializing the configuration manager and performing backup operations.

```php
echo "=== Configuration Manager with Memento Pattern Demo ===\n\n";

/**
 * Example 1: Basic configuration management with backup/restore
 */
echo "--- Example 1: Basic Configuration Management ---\n";

// Initialize configuration manager with default settings
$config = new ConfigManager([
    'maintenance_mode' => false,
    'theme' => 'light',
    'seo' => ['title' => 'My Website', 'description' => 'Welcome to my site!'],
    'debug' => false,
    'max_users' => 1000
]);

// Create history manager
$history = new ConfigHistory($config);

echo "\nInitial configuration:\n";
print_r($config->getConfig());

/**
 * Example 2: Making changes with backups
 */
echo "\n--- Example 2: Making Changes with Backups ---\n";

// Create backup before making changes
$history->backup();

// Update theme settings
$config->updateConfig([
    'theme' => 'dark',
    'theme_options' => ['sidebar' => 'collapsed', 'font_size' => 'large']
]);

echo "\nAfter theme update:\n";
print_r($config->getConfig());

// Create another backup
$history->backup();
```

--------------------------------

### Execution Output of the Chain of Responsibility Example

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/chain-of-responsibility/cpp/example

Displays the console output generated by running the conceptual example code.

```text
Chain: Monkey > Squirrel > Dog

Client: Who wants a Nut?
  Squirrel: I'll eat the Nut.
Client: Who wants a Banana?
  Monkey: I'll eat the Banana.
Client: Who wants a Cup of coffee?
  Cup of coffee was left untouched.

Subchain: Squirrel > Dog

Client: Who wants a Nut?
  Squirrel: I'll eat the Nut.
Client: Who wants a Banana?
  Banana was left untouched.
Client: Who wants a Cup of coffee?
  Cup of coffee was left untouched.
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Proxy Demo in Java

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/proxy/java/example

Main entry point demonstrating the performance difference between a direct service call and a cached proxy call.

```java
package refactoring_guru.proxy.example;

import refactoring_guru.proxy.example.downloader.YouTubeDownloader;
import refactoring_guru.proxy.example.proxy.YouTubeCacheProxy;
import refactoring_guru.proxy.example.some_cool_media_library.ThirdPartyYouTubeClass;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        YouTubeDownloader naiveDownloader = new YouTubeDownloader(new ThirdPartyYouTubeClass());
        YouTubeDownloader smartDownloader = new YouTubeDownloader(new YouTubeCacheProxy());

        long naive = test(naiveDownloader);
        long smart = test(smartDownloader);
        System.out.print("Time saved by caching proxy: " + (naive - smart) + "ms");

    }

    private static long test(YouTubeDownloader downloader) {
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // User behavior in our app:
        downloader.renderPopularVideos();
        downloader.renderVideoPage("catzzzzzzzzz");
        downloader.renderPopularVideos();
        downloader.renderVideoPage("dancesvideoo");
        // Users might visit the same page quite often.
        downloader.renderVideoPage("catzzzzzzzzz");
        downloader.renderVideoPage("someothervid");

        long estimatedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
        System.out.print("Time elapsed: " + estimatedTime + "ms\n");
        return estimatedTime;
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and run Demo

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/observer/java/example

Sets up the editor and registers listeners to demonstrate the pattern.

```java
package refactoring_guru.observer.example;

import refactoring_guru.observer.example.editor.Editor;
import refactoring_guru.observer.example.listeners.EmailNotificationListener;
import refactoring_guru.observer.example.listeners.LogOpenListener;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Editor editor = new Editor();
        editor.events.subscribe("open", new LogOpenListener("/path/to/log/file.txt"));
        editor.events.subscribe("save", new EmailNotificationListener("admin@example.com"));

        try {
            editor.openFile("test.txt");
            editor.saveFile();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure and Execute Client Demo

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/chain-of-responsibility/java/example

The Demo class initializes the server, links the middleware chain, and handles user input for the login process.

```java
package refactoring_guru.chain_of_responsibility.example;

import refactoring_guru.chain_of_responsibility.example.middleware.Middleware;
import refactoring_guru.chain_of_responsibility.example.middleware.RoleCheckMiddleware;
import refactoring_guru.chain_of_responsibility.example.middleware.ThrottlingMiddleware;
import refactoring_guru.chain_of_responsibility.example.middleware.UserExistsMiddleware;
import refactoring_guru.chain_of_responsibility.example.server.Server;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

/**
 * Demo class. Everything comes together here.
 */
public class Demo {
    private static BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    private static Server server;

    private static void init() {
        server = new Server();
        server.register("admin@example.com", "admin_pass");
        server.register("user@example.com", "user_pass");

        // All checks are linked. Client can build various chains using the same
        // components.
        Middleware middleware = Middleware.link(
            new ThrottlingMiddleware(2),
            new UserExistsMiddleware(server),
            new RoleCheckMiddleware()
        );

        // Server gets a chain from client code.
        server.setMiddleware(middleware);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        init();

        boolean success;
        do {
            System.out.print("Enter email: ");
            String email = reader.readLine();
            System.out.print("Input password: ");
            String password = reader.readLine();
            success = server.logIn(email, password);
        } while (!success);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Client Code and Execution

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/abstract-factory/go/example

Main entry point demonstrating the usage of factories and the resulting output.

```go
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	adidasFactory, _ := GetSportsFactory("adidas")
	nikeFactory, _ := GetSportsFactory("nike")

	nikeShoe := nikeFactory.makeShoe()
	nikeShirt := nikeFactory.makeShirt()

	adidasShoe := adidasFactory.makeShoe()
	adidasShirt := adidasFactory.makeShirt()

	printShoeDetails(nikeShoe)
	printShirtDetails(nikeShirt)

	printShoeDetails(adidasShoe)
	printShirtDetails(adidasShirt)
}

func printShoeDetails(s IShoe) {
	fmt.Printf("Logo: %s", s.getLogo())
	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Printf("Size: %d", s.getSize())
	fmt.Println()
}

func printShirtDetails(s IShirt) {
	fmt.Printf("Logo: %s", s.getLogo())
	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Printf("Size: %d", s.getSize())
	fmt.Println()
}
```

```text
Logo: nike
Size: 14
Logo: nike
Size: 14
Logo: adidas
Size: 14
Logo: adidas
Size: 14
```

--------------------------------

### Execution Output

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/command/php/example

Example output generated by the command queue processing.

```text
WebScrapingCommand: Downloaded https://www.imdb.com/feature/genre/
IMDBGenresScrapingCommand: Discovered 14 genres.
WebScrapingCommand: Downloaded https://www.imdb.com/search/title?genres=comedy
IMDBGenrePageScrapingCommand: Discovered 50 movies.
WebScrapingCommand: Downloaded https://www.imdb.com/search/title?genres=sci-fi
IMDBGenrePageScrapingCommand: Discovered 50 movies.
WebScrapingCommand: Downloaded https://www.imdb.com/search/title?genres=horror
IMDBGenrePageScrapingCommand: Discovered 50 movies.
WebScrapingCommand: Downloaded https://www.imdb.com/search/title?genres=romance
IMDBGenrePageScrapingCommand: Discovered 50 movies.
...
```

--------------------------------

### Client Code and Main Execution

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/builder/cpp/example

Demonstrates how to use the Director to build products and how to perform manual construction without the Director.

```cpp
void ClientCode(Director& director)
{
    ConcreteBuilder1* builder = new ConcreteBuilder1();
    director.set_builder(builder);
    std::cout << "Standard basic product:\n"; 
    director.BuildMinimalViableProduct();
    
    Product1* p= builder->GetProduct();
    p->ListParts();
    delete p;

    std::cout << "Standard full featured product:\n"; 
    director.BuildFullFeaturedProduct();

    p= builder->GetProduct();
    p->ListParts();
    delete p;

    // Remember, the Builder pattern can be used without a Director class.
    std::cout << "Custom product:\n";
    builder->ProducePartA();
    builder->ProducePartC();
    p=builder->GetProduct();
    p->ListParts();
    delete p;

    delete builder;
}

int main(){
    Director* director= new Director();
    ClientCode(*director);
    delete director;
    return 0;    
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execution Output

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/chain-of-responsibility/csharp/example

The console output generated by running the conceptual example.

```text
Chain: Monkey > Squirrel > Dog

Client: Who wants a Nut?
   Squirrel: I'll eat the Nut.
Client: Who wants a Banana?
   Monkey: I'll eat the Banana.
Client: Who wants a Cup of coffee?
   Cup of coffee was left untouched.

Subchain: Squirrel > Dog

Client: Who wants a Nut?
   Squirrel: I'll eat the Nut.
Client: Who wants a Banana?
   Banana was left untouched.
Client: Who wants a Cup of coffee?
   Cup of coffee was left untouched.
```

--------------------------------

### Execution Output

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/adapter/php/example

The expected output when running the provided PHP example.

```text
Client code is designed correctly and works with email notifications:
Sent email with title 'Website is down!' to 'developers@example.com' that says '<strong style='color:red;font-size: 50px;'>Alert!</strong> Our website is not responding. Call admins and bring it up!'.

The same client code can work with other classes via adapter:
Logged in to a slack account 'example.com'.
Posted following message into the 'Example.com Developers' chat: '#Website is down!# Alert! Our website is not responding. Call admins and bring it up!'.
```

--------------------------------

### Iterator Example Output

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/iterator/rust/example

The expected console output after running the client code.

```text
Iterators are widely used in the standard library: 1 2 3

Let's test our own iterator.

1nd element: Some("Alice")
2nd element: Some("Bob")
3rd element: Some("Carl")
4th element: None


All elements in user collection: Alice Bob Carl
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Memento Demo in Java

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/memento/java/example

Sets up the editor and loads various shapes to demonstrate state management.

```java
package refactoring_guru.memento.example;

import refactoring_guru.memento.example.editor.Editor;
import refactoring_guru.memento.example.shapes.Circle;
import refactoring_guru.memento.example.shapes.CompoundShape;
import refactoring_guru.memento.example.shapes.Dot;
import refactoring_guru.memento.example.shapes.Rectangle;

import java.awt.*;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Editor editor = new Editor();
        editor.loadShapes(
                new Circle(10, 10, 10, Color.BLUE),

                new CompoundShape(
                        new Circle(110, 110, 50, Color.RED),
                        new Dot(160, 160, Color.RED)
                ),

                new CompoundShape(
                        new Rectangle(250, 250, 100, 100, Color.GREEN),
                        new Dot(240, 240, Color.GREEN),
                        new Dot(240, 360, Color.GREEN),
                        new Dot(360, 360, Color.GREEN),
                        new Dot(360, 240, Color.GREEN)
                )
        );
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execute the Prototype client code

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/prototype/go/example

The main function demonstrates creating a file hierarchy and cloning it to verify the deep copy functionality.

```go
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	file1 := &File{name: "File1"}
	file2 := &File{name: "File2"}
	file3 := &File{name: "File3"}

	folder1 := &Folder{
		children: []Inode{file1},
		name:     "Folder1",
	}

	folder2 := &Folder{
		children: []Inode{folder1, file2, file3},
		name:     "Folder2",
	}
	fmt.Println("\nPrinting hierarchy for Folder2")
	folder2.print("  ")

	cloneFolder := folder2.clone()
	fmt.Println("\nPrinting hierarchy for clone Folder")
	cloneFolder.print("  ")
}
```

--------------------------------

### Client Code for Custom Iterator

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/iterator/rust/example

Example of how to consume the custom UserCollection and its iterator.

```rust
use crate::users::UserCollection;

mod users;

fn main() {
    print!("Iterators are widely used in the standard library: ");

    let array = &[1, 2, 3];
    let iterator = array.iter();

    // Traversal over each element of the array.
    iterator.for_each(|e| print!("{} ", e));

    println!("\n\nLet's test our own iterator.\n");

    let users = UserCollection::new();
    let mut iterator = users.iter();

    println!("1nd element: {:?}", iterator.next());
    println!("2nd element: {:?}", iterator.next());
    println!("3rd element: {:?}", iterator.next());
    println!("4th element: {:?}", iterator.next());

    print!("\nAll elements in user collection: ");
    users.iter().for_each(|e| print!("{} ", e));

    println!();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execute the Template Method pattern in main.go

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/template-method/go/example

Client code demonstrating how to initialize and run the OTP process using different concrete implementations.

```go
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	// otp := otp{}

	// smsOTP := &sms{
	// 	otp: otp,
	// }

	// smsOTP.genAndSendOTP(smsOTP, 4)

	// emailOTP := &email{
	// 	otp: otp,
	// }
	// emailOTP.genAndSendOTP(emailOTP, 4)
	// fmt.Scanln()
	smsOTP := &Sms{}
	o := Otp{
		iOtp: smsOTP,
	}
	o.genAndSendOTP(4)

	fmt.Println("")
	emailOTP := &Email{}
	o = Otp{
		iOtp: emailOTP,
	}
	o.genAndSendOTP(4)

}
```

--------------------------------

### Telescoping Constructor Example

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/builder

Demonstrates the complexity of overloaded constructors with optional parameters.

```java
class Pizza {
    Pizza(int size) { ... }
    Pizza(int size, boolean cheese) { ... }
    Pizza(int size, boolean cheese, boolean pepperoni) { ... }
    // ...

```

--------------------------------

### Execute Visitor Pattern in Go

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/visitor/go/example

Demonstrates the client code initializing elements and invoking visitors via the accept method.

```go
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	square := &Square{side: 2}
	circle := &Circle{radius: 3}
	rectangle := &Rectangle{l: 2, b: 3}

	areaCalculator := &AreaCalculator{}

	square.accept(areaCalculator)
	circle.accept(areaCalculator)
	rectangle.accept(areaCalculator)

	fmt.Println()
	middleCoordinates := &MiddleCoordinates{}
	square.accept(middleCoordinates)
	circle.accept(middleCoordinates)
	rectangle.accept(middleCoordinates)
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execution Result of Visitor Pattern

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/visitor/ruby/example

Shows the output generated by running the conceptual example.

```text
The client code works with all visitors via the base Visitor interface:
A + ConcreteVisitor1
B + ConcreteVisitor1
It allows the same client code to work with different types of visitors:
A + ConcreteVisitor2
B + ConcreteVisitor2
```

--------------------------------

### Execute client code

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/strategy/go/example

Demonstrates switching strategies at runtime by updating the eviction algorithm used by the cache.

```go
package main

func main() {
	lfu := &Lfu{}
	cache := initCache(lfu)

	cache.add("a", "1")
	cache.add("b", "2")

	cache.add("c", "3")

	lru := &Lru{}
	cache.setEvictionAlgo(lru)

	cache.add("d", "4")

	fifo := &Fifo{}
	cache.setEvictionAlgo(fifo)

	cache.add("e", "5")

}
```

--------------------------------

### Template Method Execution Output

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/template-method/python/example

Expected console output when running the conceptual example.

```text
Same client code can work with different subclasses:
AbstractClass says: I am doing the bulk of the work
ConcreteClass1 says: Implemented Operation1
AbstractClass says: But I let subclasses override some operations
ConcreteClass1 says: Implemented Operation2
AbstractClass says: But I am doing the bulk of the work anyway

Same client code can work with different subclasses:
AbstractClass says: I am doing the bulk of the work
ConcreteClass2 says: Implemented Operation1
AbstractClass says: But I let subclasses override some operations
ConcreteClass2 says: Overridden Hook1
ConcreteClass2 says: Implemented Operation2
AbstractClass says: But I am doing the bulk of the work anyway
```

--------------------------------

### Implement Demo class in Java

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/state/java/example

The Demo class serves as the entry point to initialize the player and the UI.

```java
package refactoring_guru.state.example;

import refactoring_guru.state.example.ui.Player;
import refactoring_guru.state.example.ui.UI;

/**
 * Demo class. Everything comes together here.
 */
public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Player player = new Player();
        UI ui = new UI(player);
        ui.init();
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execution Output for State Pattern

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/state/cpp/example

Displays the console output generated by the conceptual example.

```text
Context: Transition to 14ConcreteStateA.
ConcreteStateA handles request1.
ConcreteStateA wants to change the state of the context.
Context: Transition to 14ConcreteStateB.
ConcreteStateB handles request2.
ConcreteStateB wants to change the state of the context.
Context: Transition to 14ConcreteStateA.
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Mediator Demo in Java

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/mediator/java/example

Entry point that registers components with the mediator and launches the GUI.

```java
package refactoring_guru.mediator.example;

import refactoring_guru.mediator.example.components.*;
import refactoring_guru.mediator.example.mediator.Editor;
import refactoring_guru.mediator.example.mediator.Mediator;

import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * Demo class. Everything comes together here.
 */
public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mediator mediator = new Editor();

        mediator.registerComponent(new Title());
        mediator.registerComponent(new TextBox());
        mediator.registerComponent(new AddButton());
        mediator.registerComponent(new DeleteButton());
        mediator.registerComponent(new SaveButton());
        mediator.registerComponent(new List(new DefaultListModel()));
        mediator.registerComponent(new Filter());

        mediator.createGUI();
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Decorator Execution Output

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/decorator/swift/example

The console output resulting from the execution of the conceptual decorator example.

```text
Client: I've got a simple component
Result: ConcreteComponent

Client: Now I've got a decorated component
Result: ConcreteDecoratorB(ConcreteDecoratorA(ConcreteComponent))
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Adapter pattern in Go

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/adapter/go/example

The main function demonstrates using both the compatible Mac and the adapted Windows machine.

```go
package main

func main() {

	client := &Client{}
	mac := &Mac{}

	client.InsertLightningConnectorIntoComputer(mac)

	windowsMachine := &Windows{}
	windowsMachineAdapter := &WindowsAdapter{
		windowMachine: windowsMachine,
	}

	client.InsertLightningConnectorIntoComputer(windowsMachineAdapter)
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execution Result of Composite Pattern

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/composite/python/example

The output produced by running the conceptual Python example.

```text
Client: I've got a simple component:
RESULT: Leaf

Client: Now I've got a composite tree:
RESULT: Branch(Branch(Leaf+Leaf)+Branch(Leaf))

Client: I don't need to check the components classes even when managing the tree:
RESULT: Branch(Branch(Leaf+Leaf)+Branch(Leaf)+Leaf)
```

--------------------------------

### Example of Deeply Nested Conditionals

Source: https://refactoring.guru/replace-nested-conditional-with-guard-clauses

Visual representation of the 'arrow' anti-pattern caused by excessive nesting.

```text
if () {
    if () {
        do {
            if () {
                if () {
                    if () {
                        ...
                    }
                }
                ...
            }
            ...
        }
        while ();
        ...
    }
    else {
        ...
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Flyweight Client Logic in Go

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/flyweight/go/example

Main entry point demonstrating the creation of players and inspection of the shared dress factory state.

```go
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	game := newGame()

	//Add Terrorist
	game.addTerrorist(TerroristDressType)
	game.addTerrorist(TerroristDressType)
	game.addTerrorist(TerroristDressType)
	game.addTerrorist(TerroristDressType)

	//Add CounterTerrorist
	game.addCounterTerrorist(CounterTerrroristDressType)
	game.addCounterTerrorist(CounterTerrroristDressType)
	game.addCounterTerrorist(CounterTerrroristDressType)

	dressFactoryInstance := getDressFactorySingleInstance()

	for dressType, dress := range dressFactoryInstance.dressMap {
		fmt.Printf("DressColorType: %s\nDressColor: %s\n", dressType, dress.getColor())
	}
}
```

--------------------------------

### Stack Specification Example

Source: https://refactoring.guru/refactoring/bdd

A technical specification defining stack behavior using When-Then clauses.

```text
**Specification:** Stack

**When** a new stack is created
**Then** it is empty

**When** an element is added to the stack
**Then** that element is at the top of the stack

**When** a stack has N elements 
**And** element E is on top of the stack
**Then** a pop operation returns E
**And** the new size of the stack is N-1
```

--------------------------------

### Demonstrate State Pattern Usage

Source: https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/state/php/example

Initializes the demonstration of the State pattern with the Invoice context.

```php
try {
    echo "=== Invoice State Pattern Demo ===\n\n";
```
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