Qibo

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### Install QiboTN from Source

Source: https://qibo.science/qibotn/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Clone the repository and install dependencies using Poetry. Ensure you have Poetry installed.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/qiboteam/qibotn.git
cd qibotn
poetry install

```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibo from source

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Clone the Qibo repository and install from source. This is useful for development.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/qiboteam/qibo.git
cd qibo
pip install .

```

--------------------------------

### Install qibo-client

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo-client/stable/index.html

Install the package using pip.

```bash
pip install qibo-client
```

--------------------------------

### Install documentation dependencies

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/developer-guides/contributing.html

Install the necessary packages to build the Qibo documentation.

```bash
pip install qibo[docs]
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibolab from Source (Poetry)

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Recommended method for installing Qibolab from source when modifications to the source code are required. Requires Poetry to be installed.

```bash
poetry install

```

--------------------------------

### Install qibojit from source

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Clone the qibojit repository and install from source. This is useful for development.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/qiboteam/qibojit.git
cd qibojit

pip install .

```

--------------------------------

### Install qiboopt from source

Source: https://qibo.science/qiboopt/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Method for installing the latest development version directly from the GitHub repository.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/qiboteam/qiboopt
cd qiboopt
pip install .
```

--------------------------------

### Install documentation dependencies

Source: https://qibo.science/qibochem/stable/developer-guides/contributing.html

Install the necessary packages to build the project documentation.

```bash
pip install qibochem[docs]
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibosoq from source

Source: https://qibo.science/qibosoq/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Commands for installing in normal or developer mode using pip or poetry.

```bash
pip install .  # normal mode
poetry install  # developer mode
```

--------------------------------

### Install qiboopt via pip

Source: https://qibo.science/qiboopt/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Standard installation method for the package and its dependencies.

```bash
pip install qiboopt
```

--------------------------------

### Install qibo-cloud-backends package

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo-cloud-backends/stable/index.html

Install the qibo-cloud-backends package using pip.

```bash
pip install qibo-cloud-backends
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qiboml from Source

Source: https://qibo.science/qiboml/stable/getting_started/installation.html

Install Qiboml directly from its GitHub repository for development or the latest version. This method allows for installing extra dependencies.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/qiboteam/qiboml.git
cd qiboml
pip install -e .

```

```bash
pip install -e .[torch,keras]

```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibo with Dependencies

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Installation commands for setting up Qibo with either TensorFlow or PyTorch support.

```bash
pip install qibo qiboml tensorflow
```

```bash
pip install qibo qiboml torch
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibosoq from source with sudo

Source: https://qibo.science/qibosoq/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Commands for installing from source on board requiring sudo privileges.

```bash
sudo -E python -m pip install <path_to_qibosoq>  # normal mode
sudo -E python -m poetry install <path_to_qibosoq> # developer mode
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibosoq via pip

Source: https://qibo.science/qibosoq/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Standard installation command for the Qibosoq package.

```bash
pip install qibosoq
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Start TCPServer

Source: https://qibo.science/qibosoq/stable/_modules/qibosoq/server.html

Configures the QickSoc object and starts the TCP server to listen for incoming connections.

```python
def serve(host, port):
    """Open the TCPServer and wait forever for connections."""
    # initialize QickSoc object (firmware and clocks)
    TCPServer.allow_reuse_address = True
    with TCPServer((host, port), ConnectionHandler) as server:
        server.qick_soc = QickSoc(bitfile=cfg.QICKSOC_LOCATION)
        log_initial_info()
        server.serve_forever()
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qiboml and dependencies

Source: https://qibo.science/qiboml/stable/tutorials/binary_mnist.html

Install the required packages including qiboml, torch, torchvision, torchmetrics, and matplotlib.

```bash
# %%capture
# qiboml, provides the means to build the quantum model
# !pip install git+https://github.com/qiboteam/qiboml;

# torch, handles the creation of all the classical layers
# and provides the optimizer
# !pip install torch;

# some additional requirements to run this notebook
# torchvision to gather the MNIST dataset
# torchmetrics to evaluate the performance
# matplotlib to do some plotting
# !pip install torchvision torchmetrics matplotlib;
```

--------------------------------

### TSP Class Initialization and QAOA Example

Source: https://qibo.science/qiboopt/stable/api-reference/combinatorial.html

Demonstrates how to initialize the TSP class and use it with QAOA to find an optimal route. Requires numpy and qibo libraries. The example includes helper functions for converting configurations and evaluating distances.

```python
from qiboopt.combinatorial.combinatorial import TSP
import numpy as np
from collections import defaultdict
from qibo import Circuit, gates
from qibo.models import QAOA
from qibo.result import CircuitResult


def convert_to_standard_Cauchy(config):
    m = int(np.sqrt(len(config)))
    cauchy = [-1] * m  # Cauchy's notation for permutation, e.g. (1,2,0) or (2,0,1)
    for i in range(m):
        for j in range(m):
            if config[m * i + j] == '1':
                cauchy[j] = i  # citi i is in slot j
    for i in range(m):
        if cauchy[i] == 0:
            cauchy = cauchy[i:] + cauchy[:i]
            return tuple(cauchy)
            # now, the cauchy notation for permutation begins with 0


def evaluate_dist(cauchy):
    '''
    Given a permutation of 0 to n-1, we compute the distance of the tour

    '''
    m = len(cauchy)
    return sum(distance_matrix[cauchy[i]][cauchy[(i+1)%m]] for i in range(m))


def qaoa_function_of_layer(layer, distance_matrix):
    '''
    This is a function to study the impact of the number of layers on QAOA,
    it takes in the number of layers and compute the distance of the mode
    of the histogram obtained from QAOA

    '''
    small_tsp = TSP(distance_matrix)
    obj_hamil, mixer = small_tsp.hamiltonians()
    qaoa = QAOA(obj_hamil, mixer=mixer)
    best_energy, final_parameters, extra = qaoa.minimize(initial_p=[0.1] * layer,
                                         initial_state=initial_state, method='BFGS')
    qaoa.set_parameters(final_parameters)
    quantum_state = qaoa.execute(initial_state)
    circuit = Circuit(9)
    circuit.add(gates.M(*range(9)))
    result = CircuitResult(quantum_state, circuit.measurements,
            small_tsp.backend, nshots=1000)
    freq_counter = result.frequencies()
    # let's combine freq_counter here, first convert each key and sum up the frequency
    cauchy_dict = defaultdict(int)
    for freq_key in freq_counter:
        standard_cauchy_key = convert_to_standard_Cauchy(freq_key)
        cauchy_dict[standard_cauchy_key] += freq_counter[freq_key]
    max_key = max(cauchy_dict, key=cauchy_dict.get)
    return evaluate_dist(max_key)

np.random.seed(42)
num_cities = 3
distance_matrix = np.array([[0, 0.9, 0.8], [0.4, 0, 0.1],[0, 0.7, 0]])
distance_matrix = distance_matrix.round(1)
small_tsp = TSP(distance_matrix)
initial_parameters = np.random.uniform(0, 1, 2)
initial_state = small_tsp.prepare_initial_state([i for i in range(num_cities)])
qaoa_function_of_layer(2, distance_matrix)
```

--------------------------------

### Bluefors Temperature Controller Example

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/api-reference/qibolab.instruments.html

Demonstrates how to connect to and read temperature data from a Bluefors temperature controller. Ensure the IP address and port are correct for your setup.

```python
if __name__ == "__main__":
    from qibolab.instruments.bluefors import TemperatureController
    tc = TemperatureController("XLD1000_Temperature_Controller", "192.168.0.114", 8888)
    tc.connect()
    temperature_values = tc.read_data()
    for temperature_value in temperature_values:
        print(temperature_value)
```

--------------------------------

### Create Dummy Hardware and Platform

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/_modules/qibolab/_core/dummy/platform.html

Initializes a dummy hardware setup with simulated qubits, couplers, and instruments, then loads a platform instance.

```python
import pathlib

from qibolab._core.components import AcquisitionChannel, DcChannel, IqChannel
from qibolab._core.instruments.dummy import DummyInstrument, DummyLocalOscillator
from qibolab._core.parameters import Hardware
from qibolab._core.platform import Platform
from qibolab._core.qubits import Qubit

FOLDER = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent


def create_dummy_hardware() -> Hardware:
    """Create dummy hardware configuration based on the dummy instrument."""
    qubits = {}
    channels = {}
    # attach the channels
    pump_name = "twpa_pump"
    for q in range(5):
        drive12 = f"{q}/drive12"
        qubits[q] = qubit = Qubit.default(q, drive_extra={(1, 2): drive12})
        channels |= {
            qubit.probe: IqChannel(mixer=None, lo=None),
            qubit.acquisition: AcquisitionChannel(
                twpa_pump=pump_name, probe=qubit.probe
            ),
            qubit.drive: IqChannel(mixer=None, lo=None),
            drive12: IqChannel(mixer=None, lo=None),
            qubit.flux: DcChannel(),
        }

    couplers = {}
    for c in (0, 1, 3, 4):
        couplers[c] = coupler = Qubit(flux=f"coupler_{c}/flux")
        channels |= {coupler.flux: DcChannel()}

    # register the instruments
    instruments = {
        "dummy": DummyInstrument(address="0.0.0.0", channels=channels),
        pump_name: DummyLocalOscillator(address="0.0.0.0"),
    }

    return Hardware(instruments=instruments, qubits=qubits, couplers=couplers)



[docs]
def create_dummy() -> Platform:
    """Create a dummy platform using the dummy instrument."""
    hardware = create_dummy_hardware()
    return Platform.load(path=FOLDER, **vars(hardware))
```

--------------------------------

### POST /setup

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/_modules/qibocal/protocols/randomized_benchmarking/utils.html

Sets up the randomized benchmarking experiment backend and initializes the appropriate data class based on experiment parameters.

```APIDOC
## POST /setup

### Description
Initializes the experiment backend and data structure for randomized benchmarking.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/setup

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **params** (Parameters) - Required - The parameters for the experiment.
- **platform** (CalibrationPlatform) - Required - The calibration platform instance.
- **single_qubit** (bool) - Optional - Flag indicating whether the experiment is for a single qubit or two qubits. Defaults to True.
- **interleave** (str) - Optional - The type of interleaving to apply. Defaults to None.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **data** (RBData/RB2QData/RB2QInterData) - The initialized experiment data object.
- **backend** (object) - The configured experiment backend.
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Test UCCD Ansatz with H2 Molecule

Source: https://qibo.science/qibochem/stable/getting-started/quickstart.html

Example of building the UCCD ansatz with the H2 molecule to test installation. Requires PySCF for integral calculations. The VQE is initialized with random parameters.

```python
import numpy as np
from qibo.models import VQE

from qibochem.driver import Molecule
from qibochem.ansatz import hf_circuit, ucc_circuit

# Define the H2 molecule and obtain its 1-/2- electron integrals with PySCF
h2 = Molecule([('H', (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)), ('H', (0.0, 0.0, 0.7))])
h2.run_pyscf()
# Generate the molecular Hamiltonian
hamiltonian = h2.hamiltonian()

# Build a UCC circuit ansatz for running VQE
circuit = hf_circuit(h2.nso, h2.nelec)
circuit += ucc_circuit(h2.nso, [0, 1, 2, 3])

# Create and run the VQE, starting with random initial parameters
vqe = VQE(circuit, hamiltonian)

initial_parameters = np.random.uniform(0.0, 2*np.pi, 8)
best, params, extra = vqe.minimize(initial_parameters)

```

--------------------------------

### Install qibojit with pip

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Install the qibojit package using pip. Note that cupy and cuQuantum for GPU acceleration are not installed by default and must be installed separately.

```bash
pip install qibojit

```

--------------------------------

### Set up virtual environment and activate

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo-cloud-backends/stable/index.html

Use these commands to create and activate a virtual environment for package installation.

```bash
python -m venv ./env
source activate ./env/bin/activate
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qiboml with Pip

Source: https://qibo.science/qiboml/stable/getting_started/installation.html

Use this command for the recommended installation of Qiboml. Note that base installation does not include torch or tensorflow.

```bash
pip install qiboml

```

--------------------------------

### Set up virtual environment

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo-client/stable/index.html

Create and activate a fresh virtual environment to prevent dependency conflicts.

```bash
$ python -m venv ./env
source activate ./env/bin/activate
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Execution Path

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/_modules/qibocal/auto/execute.html

Sets up the output directory, generates metadata, and initializes the platform connection.

```python
path = Output.mkdir(Path(path), force)

# generate meta
meta = Metadata.generate(path.name, backend)
output = Output(History(), meta, platform)
output.dump(path)

# run
meta.start()

# connect and initialize platform
platform.connect()

self.path = path
self.meta = meta
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibo with pip

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Use this command to install the base Qibo package with pip. Ensure Python 3.9 or greater is installed.

```bash
pip install qibo

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Backend and Circuit

Source: https://qibo.science/qiboml/stable/advanced/calibrator.html

Sets up the Qibolab backend, transpiler, and a variational quantum circuit.

```python
set_backend(backend = "qibolab", platform = "mock")
transpiler = get_transpiler()
nqubits = 2
epochs = 3

wire_names=[i for i in range(nqubits)]
vqe_circ = Circuit(2,)
vqe_circ.add(gates.RX(0, 3*np.pi/4, trainable=True))
vqe_circ.add(gates.RX(1, np.pi/4, trainable=True))
vqe_circ.add(gates.CZ(0,1))
```

--------------------------------

### setup_backend_specifics

Source: https://qibo.science/qibotn/stable/api-reference/qibotn.backends.html

Sets up specific backend configurations for the Quimb simulation.

```APIDOC
## setup_backend_specifics

### Description
Sets up the backend specifics for the quimb tensor network simulation.

### Parameters
- **qimb_backend** (str) - Optional - The backend to use for the quimb tensor network simulation. Default is 'numpy'.
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibochem from Source

Source: https://qibo.science/qibochem/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Installs the latest development version of Qibochem directly from its Github repository. This involves cloning the repository and then installing it using pip.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/qiboteam/qibochem.git
cd qibochem
pip install .

```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibocal from source using Poetry

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Clone the Qibocal repository and install it using Poetry. This is an alternative to pip for managing dependencies and installations from source.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/qiboteam/qibocal.git
cd qibocal
poetry install
```

--------------------------------

### Build documentation locally

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/developer-guides/contributing.html

Navigate to the documentation directory and generate the HTML files.

```bash
cd doc
make html
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Run AAVQE

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/_modules/qibo/models/variational.html

Demonstrates how to set up the AAVQE model with a circuit ansatz, Hamiltonians, and a scheduling function, then minimize the energy.

```python
import numpy as np

from qibo import Circuit, gates
from qibo.hamiltonians import X, XXZ
from qibo.models import AAVQE

# create circuit ansatz for two qubits
circuit = Circuit(2)
circuit.add(gates.RY(0, theta=0))
circuit.add(gates.RY(1, theta=0))
# define the easy and the problem Hamiltonians.
easy_hamiltonian = X(2)
problem_hamiltonian = XXZ(2)
# define a scheduling function with only one parameter
# and boundary conditions s(0) = 0, s(1) = 1
s = lambda t: t
# create AAVQE model
aavqe = AAVQE(
    circuit,
    easy_hamiltonian,
    problem_hamiltonian,
    s,
    nsteps=10,
    t_max=1
)
# optimize using random initial variational parameters
np.random.seed(0)
initial_parameters = np.random.uniform(0, 2*np.pi, 2)
ground_energy, params = aavqe.minimize(initial_parameters)
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Qibo Circuits

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/_modules/qibo/models/circuit.html

Demonstrates various ways to initialize a circuit using qubit counts and wire names.

```python
from qibo import Circuit

circuit = Circuit(3)
circuit = Circuit(3, wire_names=["q0", "q1", "q2"])
circuit = Circuit(["q0", "q1", "q2"])
circuit = Circuit(wire_names=["q0", "q1", "q2"])
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibochem

Source: https://qibo.science/qibochem/stable/getting-started/quickstart.html

Install Qibochem using pip. Ensure you have Python 3.9 or higher.

```bash
pip install qibochem

```

--------------------------------

### POST /protocols/randomized_benchmarking/setup

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/api-reference/qibocal.protocols.randomized_benchmarking.html

Sets up the randomized benchmarking experiment backend and initializes the data structure.

```APIDOC
## POST /protocols/randomized_benchmarking/setup

### Description
Initializes the randomized benchmarking experiment, configuring the backend and data structures based on the provided parameters.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/protocols/randomized_benchmarking/setup

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **params** (Parameters) - Required - The parameters for the experiment.
- **platform** (CalibrationPlatform) - Required - The calibration platform instance.
- **single_qubit** (bool) - Optional - Flag indicating if the experiment is for a single qubit. Defaults to True.
- **interleave** (str) - Optional - The type of interleaving to apply. Defaults to None.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **data** (tuple) - A tuple containing the experiment data and backend.
```

--------------------------------

### Create Dummy Platform and Execute Sequence

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/api-reference/qibolab.html

Demonstrates creating a dummy Qibo platform, defining a pulse sequence, and executing it with a sweeper. Ensure numpy and qibolab are imported.

```python
import numpy as np
from qibolab import Parameter, PulseSequence, Sweeper
from qibolab.instruments.dummy import create_dummy

platform = create_dummy()
qubit = platform.qubits[0]
natives = platform.natives.single_qubit[0]
sequence = natives.MZ.create_sequence()
parameter_range = np.random.randint(10, size=10)
sweeper = Sweeper(
    parameter=Parameter.frequency, values=parameter_range, channels=[qubit.probe]
)
platform.execute([sequence], [[sweeper]])

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize execution environment

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/_modules/qibocal/auto/execute.html

Sets up the calibration platform and backend for the executor.

```python
def init(
        self,
        path: os.PathLike,
        force: bool = False,
        platform: Union[CalibrationPlatform, str, None] = None,
        update: Optional[bool] = None,
        targets: Optional[Targets] = None,
    ):
        """Initialize execution."""
        if platform is None or isinstance(platform, CalibrationPlatform):
            platform = self.platform
        elif isinstance(platform, str):
            platform = self.platform = create_calibration_platform(platform)
        else:
            platform = self.platform = CalibrationPlatform.from_platform(platform)

        assert isinstance(platform, CalibrationPlatform)

        backend = construct_backend(backend="qibolab", platform=platform)

        if update is not None:
            self.update = update
        if targets is not None:
            self.targets = targets

        # generate output folder
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize FALQON model

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/_modules/qibo/models/variational.html

Shows how to instantiate a FALQON model with a specific Hamiltonian.

```python
import numpy as np

from qibo.hamiltonians import XXZ
from qibo.models import FALQON

# create XXZ Hamiltonian for four qubits
hamiltonian = XXZ(4)
# create FALQON model for this Hamiltonian
falqon = FALQON(hamiltonian)
# optimize using random initial variational parameters
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibo via conda

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/getting-started/quickstart.html

Use this command to install Qibo using the conda-forge channel.

```bash
conda install -c conda-forge qibo
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and manipulate QUBO instances

Source: https://qibo.science/qiboopt/stable/api-reference/opt_class.html

Demonstrates creating a QUBO instance, scaling it, and adding multiple instances together.

```python
from qiboopt.opt_class.opt_class import QUBO

Qdict1 = {(0, 0): 1.0, (0, 1): 0.5, (1, 1): -1.0}
qp1 = QUBO(0, Qdict1)
print(qp1.Qdict)
```

```python
qp1 *= 2
print(qp1.Qdict)
```

```python
Qdict2 = {(0, 0): 2.0, (1, 1): 1.0}
qp2 = QUBO(1, Qdict2)
qp3 = qp1 + qp2
print(qp3.Qdict)
```

```python
print(qp3.offset)
```

```python
h = {3: 1.0, 4: 0.82, 5: 0.23}
J = {(0, 0): 1.0, (0, 1): 0.5, (1, 1): -1.0}
qp = QUBO(0, h, J)
print(qp.Qdict)
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibo via pip

Source: https://qibo.science/

Use this command to install the Qibo package in your Python environment.

```bash
pip install qibo
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize QAOA Model

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/_modules/qibo/models/variational.html

Example usage for creating and optimizing a QAOA model.

```python
import numpy as np

            from qibo.hamiltonians import XXZ
            from qibo.models import QAOA

            # create XXZ Hamiltonian for four qubits
            hamiltonian = XXZ(4)
            # create QAOA model for this Hamiltonian
            qaoa = QAOA(hamiltonian)
            # optimize using random initial variational parameters
            # and default options and initial state
            initial_parameters = 0.01 * np.random.random(4)
            best_energy, final_parameters, extra = qaoa.minimize(initial_parameters, method="BFGS")
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibosoq via pip with sudo

Source: https://qibo.science/qibosoq/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Required installation command when running on board with sudo privileges.

```bash
sudo -i python -m pip install qibosoq
```

--------------------------------

### POST /init

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/_modules/qibocal/auto/execute.html

Initializes the execution environment with a specified platform and configuration.

```APIDOC
## POST /init

### Description
Initializes the execution environment, setting up the backend and platform configuration.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/init

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **path** (os.PathLike) - Required - The path for execution output.
- **force** (bool) - Optional - Force initialization.
- **platform** (Union[CalibrationPlatform, str, None]) - Optional - The calibration platform or name.
- **update** (bool) - Optional - Whether to update settings.
- **targets** (Targets) - Optional - Specific targets for execution.
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize the dummy platform

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/tutorials/instrument.html

Use this to create a platform instance that returns random numbers instead of interacting with physical hardware.

```python
from qibolab import create_platform

platform = create_platform("dummy")
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibocal using pip

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Use this command to install Qibocal with pip. Ensure your pip is up-to-date.

```bash
pip install qibocal
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize a Circuit and Add Gates

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/api-reference/qibo.html

Example of initializing a Qibo circuit and preparing to add gates.

```python
from qibo import Circuit, gates
circuit = Circuit(4)

# Add some CNOT gates
```

--------------------------------

### TSP Example Usage

Source: https://qibo.science/qiboopt/stable/api-reference/combinatorial.html

Example demonstrating how to use the TSP class with QAOA to find an optimal route.

```APIDOC
## TSP Example Usage

### Description
This example demonstrates how to set up and solve the Travelling Salesman Problem using the `TSP` class and the QAOA algorithm from Qibo. It includes helper functions for converting configurations, evaluating tour distances, and studying the impact of QAOA layers.

### Code Example
```python
from qiboopt.combinatorial.combinatorial import TSP
import numpy as np
from collections import defaultdict
from qibo import Circuit, gates
from qibo.models import QAOA
from qibo.result import CircuitResult


def convert_to_standard_Cauchy(config):
    m = int(np.sqrt(len(config)))
    cauchy = [-1] * m  # Cauchy's notation for permutation, e.g. (1,2,0) or (2,0,1)
    for i in range(m):
        for j in range(m):
            if config[m * i + j] == '1':
                cauchy[j] = i  # citi i is in slot j
    for i in range(m):
        if cauchy[i] == 0:
            cauchy = cauchy[i:] + cauchy[:i]
            return tuple(cauchy)
            # now, the cauchy notation for permutation begins with 0


def evaluate_dist(cauchy):
    '''
    Given a permutation of 0 to n-1, we compute the distance of the tour

    '''
    m = len(cauchy)
    return sum(distance_matrix[cauchy[i]][cauchy[(i+1)%m]] for i in range(m))


def qaoa_function_of_layer(layer, distance_matrix):
    '''
    This is a function to study the impact of the number of layers on QAOA, 
    it takes in the number of layers and compute the distance of the mode
    of the histogram obtained from QAOA

    '''
    small_tsp = TSP(distance_matrix)
    obj_hamil, mixer = small_tsp.hamiltonians()
    qaoa = QAOA(obj_hamil, mixer=mixer)
    best_energy, final_parameters, extra = qaoa.minimize(initial_p=[0.1] * layer,
                                         initial_state=initial_state, method='BFGS')
    qaoa.set_parameters(final_parameters)
    quantum_state = qaoa.execute(initial_state)
    circuit = Circuit(9)
    circuit.add(gates.M(*range(9)))
    result = CircuitResult(quantum_state, circuit.measurements,
            small_tsp.backend, nshots=1000)
    freq_counter = result.frequencies()
    # let's combine freq_counter here, first convert each key and sum up the frequency
    cauchy_dict = defaultdict(int)
    for freq_key in freq_counter:
        standard_cauchy_key = convert_to_standard_Cauchy(freq_key)
        cauchy_dict[standard_cauchy_key] += freq_counter[freq_key]
    max_key = max(cauchy_dict, key=cauchy_dict.get)
    return evaluate_dist(max_key)

np.random.seed(42)
num_cities = 3
distance_matrix = np.array([[0, 0.9, 0.8], [0.4, 0, 0.1],[0, 0.7, 0]])
distance_matrix = distance_matrix.round(1)
small_tsp = TSP(distance_matrix)
initial_parameters = np.random.uniform(0, 1, 2)
initial_state = small_tsp.prepare_initial_state([i for i in range(num_cities)])
qaoa_function_of_layer(2, distance_matrix)
```

### Reference
1. S. Hadfield, Z. Wang, B. O’Gorman, E. G. Rieffel, D. Venturelli, R. Biswas, _From the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm to a Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz_. (arxiv:1709.03489)
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibolab with Pip

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Use this command to install the latest stable version of Qibolab. Ensure your pip is up-to-date.

```bash
pip install qibolab

```

--------------------------------

### Configure Platform

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/tutorials/emulator.html

Create a platform instance using validated parameters and external configuration.

```python
from qibolab import Parameters, Platform

params = Parameters.model_validate(parameters)
platform = Platform(name="my_platform", parameters=params, **vars(create()))
```

--------------------------------

### CNOT Gate Example

Source: https://qibo.science/qibo/stable/api-reference/qibo.html

Example demonstrating the usage of the CNOT gate and its `on_qubits` method for targeting different qubits.

```APIDOC
## Example Usage of CNOT Gate

```python
from qibo import Circuit, gates
circuit = Circuit(4)

# Add some CNOT gates

# equivalent to gates.CNOT(2, 3)
circuit.add(gates.CNOT(2, 3).on_qubits({2: 2, 3: 3}))
# equivalent to gates.CNOT(3, 0)
circuit.add(gates.CNOT(2, 3).on_qubits({2: 3, 3: 0}))
# equivalent to gates.CNOT(1, 3)
circuit.add(gates.CNOT(2, 3).on_qubits({2: 1, 3: 3}))
# equivalent to gates.CNOT(2, 1)
circuit.add(gates.CNOT(2, 3).on_qubits({2: 2, 3: 1}))

circuit.draw()

```

```
0: ───X─────
1: ───|─o─X─
2: ─o─|─|─o─
3: ─X─o─X───

```
```

--------------------------------

### Single Shot Classification Parameters Example

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/protocols/singleshot.html

Example configuration for single-shot classification, specifying the operation, number of shots, and a list of classifiers.

```yaml
- id: single shot classification
  operation: single_shot_classification
  parameters:
    nshots: 5000
    classifiers_list: ["qubit_fit", "naive_bayes"]

```

--------------------------------

### Execute Pulse Sequences on Platform

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/_modules/qibolab/_core/platform/platform.html

Demonstrates how to initialize a dummy platform, define a pulse sequence, and execute it with a frequency sweeper.

```python
import numpy as np
from qibolab import Parameter, PulseSequence, Sweeper
from qibolab.instruments.dummy import create_dummy

platform = create_dummy()
qubit = platform.qubits[0]
natives = platform.natives.single_qubit[0]
sequence = natives.MZ.create_sequence()
parameter_range = np.random.randint(10, size=10)
sweeper = [
    Sweeper(
        parameter=Parameter.frequency,
        values=parameter_range,
        channels=[qubit.probe],
    )
]
platform.execute([sequence], [sweeper])
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibolab from Source (Pip)

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Install Qibolab using pip after cloning the repository. This method is suitable if no source code modifications are needed.

```bash
pip install .

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Qibolab Platform and Experiment Parameters

Source: https://qibo.science/qibosoq/stable/getting-started/qibosoq_lab_cal.html

Imports necessary Qibolab modules and initializes the platform with a specified runcard, setting up acquisition and averaging modes.

```python
from qibolab import create_platform
from qibolab import AcquisitionType, AveragingMode, ExecutionParameters

from qibolab.pulses import (
    DrivePulse,
    ReadoutPulse,
    PulseSequence,
)

# Define platform and load specific runcard
platform = create_platform("my_platform")


```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibolab from Source (Editable Pip)

Source: https://qibo.science/qibolab/stable/getting-started/installation.html

An alternative, not recommended, method for installing Qibolab from source with editable mode using pip. Useful for development.

```bash
pip install -e .

```

--------------------------------

### POST /create_calibration_platform

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/genindex.html

Initializes a new calibration platform instance for quantum hardware control.

```APIDOC
## POST /create_calibration_platform

### Description
Creates and returns a new calibration platform instance used for managing quantum hardware calibration.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/create_calibration_platform

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **platform** (Object) - The initialized CalibrationPlatform instance.
```

--------------------------------

### Install Qibocal from source using pip

Source: https://qibo.science/qibocal/stable/getting-started/installation.html

Clone the Qibocal repository and install it from source using pip. This method is useful for development or when needing the latest changes.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/qiboteam/qibocal.git
cd qibocal
pip install .
```
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