### Example pubspec.yaml Dependency

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/install

This is an example of how the camera_android_camerax dependency will appear in your pubspec.yaml file after running the add command.

```yaml
dependencies:
  camera_android_camerax: ^0.7.2+1
```

--------------------------------

### Example App Main Dart File

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_web/example

This is the main entry point for the example application. It sets up a basic Flutter app that displays text and logs results to the console.

```dart
// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(const MyApp());

/// App for testing
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  /// Default Constructor
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return const Directionality(
      textDirection: TextDirection.ltr,
      child: Text('Testing... Look at the console output for results!'),
    );
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Start Video Recording Implementation

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera/example

Internal method to start video recording. Ensures the camera is initialized and not already recording. Handles CameraExceptions.

```Dart
Future<void> startVideoRecording() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      showInSnackBar('Error: select a camera first.');
      return;
    }

    if (cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo) {
      // A recording is already started, do nothing.
      return;
    }

    try {
      await cameraController.startVideoRecording();
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraCameraException(e);
      return;
    }
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Start Video Recording Logic

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Contains the core logic for starting video recording. It checks for camera initialization and ensures no recording is already active.

```dart
Future<void> startVideoRecording() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      showInSnackBar('Error: select a camera first.');
      return;
    }

    if (cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo) {
      // A recording is already started, do nothing.
      return;
    }

    try {
      await cameraController.startVideoRecording();
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      return;
    }
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Camera Example Home Widget

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

The main widget for the camera example application. It sets up the scaffold, app bar, and the main column layout for camera controls and preview.

```dart

// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:math';

import 'package:camera_platform_interface/camera_platform_interface.dart';
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';
import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';

import 'camera_controller.dart';
import 'camera_preview.dart';

/// Camera example home widget.
class CameraExampleHome extends StatefulWidget {
  /// Default Constructor
  const CameraExampleHome({super.key});

  @override
  State<CameraExampleHome> createState() {
    return _CameraExampleHomeState();
  }
}

/// Returns a suitable camera icon for [direction].
IconData getCameraLensIcon(CameraLensDirection direction) {
  switch (direction) {
    case CameraLensDirection.back:
      return Icons.camera_rear;
    case CameraLensDirection.front:
      return Icons.camera_front;
    case CameraLensDirection.external:
      return Icons.camera;
  }
  // This enum is from a different package, so a new value could be added at
  // any time. The example should keep working if that happens.
  // ignore: dead_code
  return Icons.camera;
}

void _logError(String code, String? message) {
  // ignore: avoid_print
  print('Error: $code${message == null ? '' : '\nError Message: $message'}');
}

class _CameraExampleHomeState extends State<CameraExampleHome>
    with WidgetsBindingObserver, TickerProviderStateMixin {
  CameraController? controller;
  XFile? imageFile;
  XFile? videoFile;
  VideoPlayerController? videoController;
  VoidCallback? videoPlayerListener;
  bool enableAudio = true;
  double _minAvailableExposureOffset = 0.0;
  double _maxAvailableExposureOffset = 0.0;
  double _currentExposureOffset = 0.0;
  late AnimationController _flashModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late Animation<double> _flashModeControlRowAnimation;
  late AnimationController _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late Animation<double> _exposureModeControlRowAnimation;
  late AnimationController _focusModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late Animation<double> _focusModeControlRowAnimation;
  double _minAvailableZoom = 1.0;
  double _maxAvailableZoom = 1.0;
  double _currentScale = 1.0;
  double _baseScale = 1.0;

  // Counting pointers (number of user fingers on screen)
  int _pointers = 0;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this);

    _flashModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _flashModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _flashModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
    _focusModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _focusModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _focusModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
    _flashModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  void didChangeAppLifecycleState(AppLifecycleState state) {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    // App state changed before we got the chance to initialize.
    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      return;
    }

    if (state == AppLifecycleState.inactive) {
      cameraController.dispose();
    } else if (state == AppLifecycleState.resumed) {
      _initializeCameraController(cameraController.description);
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Camera example')),
      body: Column(
        children: <Widget>[
          Expanded(
            child: Container(
              decoration: BoxDecoration(
                color: Colors.black,
                border: Border.all(
                  color:
                      controller != null && controller!.value.isRecordingVideo
                          ? Colors.redAccent
                          : Colors.grey,
                  width: 3.0,
                ),
              ),
              child: Padding(

```

--------------------------------

### Full Screen Camera Preview

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera

This example demonstrates how to display a full-screen camera preview using the Flutter camera plugin. It initializes the camera, handles potential access errors, and disposes of the controller when done.

```dart
import 'package:camera/camera.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

late List<CameraDescription> _cameras;

Future<void> main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();

  _cameras = await availableCameras();
  runApp(const CameraApp());
}

/// CameraApp is the Main Application.
class CameraApp extends StatefulWidget {
  /// Default Constructor
  const CameraApp({super.key});

  @override
  State<CameraApp> createState() => _CameraAppState();
}

class _CameraAppState extends State<CameraApp> {
  late CameraController controller;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    controller = CameraController(_cameras[0], ResolutionPreset.max);
    controller
        .initialize()
        .then((_)
        {
          if (!mounted) {
            return;
          }
          setState(() {});
        })
        .catchError((Object e) {
          if (e is CameraException) {
            switch (e.code) {
              case 'CameraAccessDenied':
                // Handle access errors here.
                break;
              default:
                // Handle other errors here.
                break;
            }
          }
        });
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    controller.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    if (!controller.value.isInitialized) {
      return Container();
    }
    return MaterialApp(home: CameraPreview(controller));
  }
}



```

--------------------------------

### Add camera_platform_interface to pubspec.yaml

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_platform_interface/install

This is an example of how the camera_platform_interface dependency will appear in your pubspec.yaml file after running the add command.

```yaml
dependencies:
  camera_platform_interface: ^2.13.0
```

--------------------------------

### Start Video Player

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/example

Initializes and plays a video from a file or network URL. This is used to display recorded videos within the app.

```dart
Future<void> _startVideoPlayer() async {
    if (videoFile == null) {
      return;
    }

    final vController = kIsWeb
        ? VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(Uri.parse(videoFile!.path))
        : VideoPlayerController.file(File(videoFile!.path));

    videoPlayerListener = () {
      if (videoController != null) {
        // Refreshing the state to update video player with the correct ratio.
        if (mounted) {
          setState(() {});
        }
        videoController!.removeListener(videoPlayerListener!);
      }
    };
    vController.addListener(videoPlayerListener!)
    await vController.setLooping(true);
    await vController.initialize();
    await videoController?.dispose();
    if (mounted) {
      setState(() {
        imageFile = null;
        videoController = vController;
      });
    }
    await vController.play();
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Start Video Player

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Initializes and plays a video file using the VideoPlayerController. Handles web and file-based video sources and updates the UI state.

```dart
Future<void> _startVideoPlayer() async {
    if (videoFile == null) {
      return;
    }

    final vController = kIsWeb
        ? VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(Uri.parse(videoFile!.path))
        : VideoPlayerController.file(File(videoFile!.path));

    videoPlayerListener = () {
      if (videoController != null) {
        // Refreshing the state to update video player with the correct ratio.
        if (mounted) {
          setState(() {});
        }
        videoController!.removeListener(videoPlayerListener!);
      }
    };
    vController.addListener(videoPlayerListener!);
    await vController.setLooping(true);
    await vController.initialize();
    await videoController?.dispose();
    if (mounted) {
      setState(() {
        imageFile = null;
        videoController = vController;
      });
    }
    await vController.play();
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Import camera_web in Dart

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_web/install

Import the camera_web package into your Dart files to start using its functionalities.

```dart
import 'package:camera_web/camera_web.dart';
```

--------------------------------

### Start Video Recording

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Initiates video recording. It checks if a camera is selected and initialized, and if a recording is not already in progress.

```dart
void onVideoRecordButtonPressed() {
    startVideoRecording().then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
    });
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Import camera_platform_interface in Dart

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_platform_interface/install

Import the camera_platform_interface library into your Dart files to start using its functionalities.

```dart
import 'package:camera_platform_interface/camera_platform_interface.dart';
```

--------------------------------

### Get Available Cameras

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera/example

Retrieves a list of available camera descriptions on the device. Marked as visible for testing purposes.

```dart
/// Getting available cameras for testing.
@visibleForTesting
List<CameraDescription> get cameras => _cameras;
List<CameraDescription> _cameras = <CameraDescription>[];
```

--------------------------------

### Declare Camera Dependency in pubspec.yaml

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera/install

This is an example of how the camera dependency will appear in your pubspec.yaml file after running `flutter pub add camera`.

```yaml
dependencies:
  camera: ^0.12.0+1
```

--------------------------------

### Add camera_android Dependency

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android

Use this command to add the camera_android package to your Flutter project. This is required starting from camera version ^0.11.0 to use this plugin instead of camera_android_camerax.

```bash
flutter pub add camera_android
```

--------------------------------

### Handle Video Recording Button Presses

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/example

Manages the start, stop, pause, and resume actions for video recording based on button presses. Updates UI and shows snackbar messages.

```Dart
void onVideoRecordButtonPressed() {
    startVideoRecording().then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
    });
  }
```

```Dart
void onStopButtonPressed() {
    stopVideoRecording().then((XFile? file) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      if (file != null) {
        showInSnackBar('Video recorded to ${file.path}');
        videoFile = file;
        _startVideoPlayer();
      }
    });
  }
```

```Dart
void onPauseButtonPressed() {
    pauseVideoRecording().then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      showInSnackBar('Video recording paused');
    });
  }
```

```Dart
void onResumeButtonPressed() {
    resumeVideoRecording().then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      showInSnackBar('Video recording resumed');
    });
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function - Initialize Cameras

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/example

The entry point of the application. It ensures Flutter is initialized, fetches available cameras, and runs the main app widget.

```dart
Future<void> main() async {
  // Fetch the available cameras before initializing the app.
  try {
    WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
    _cameras = await availableCameras();
  } on CameraException catch (e) {
    _logError(e.code, e.description);
  }
  runApp(const CameraApp());
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize CameraController with Media Settings

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/example

Initializes a CameraController with specified media settings including resolution preset, FPS, video and audio bitrates, and audio enablement. This is useful for setting up the camera with desired recording parameters.

```dart
final cameraController = CameraController(
  cameraDescription,
  mediaSettings: MediaSettings(
    resolutionPreset: ResolutionPreset.low,
    fps: 15,
    videoBitrate: 200000,
    audioBitrate: 32000,
    enableAudio: enableAudio,
  ),
  imageFormatGroup: ImageFormatGroup.jpeg,
);
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function and Camera Initialization

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Initializes the Flutter binding, fetches available cameras, and runs the CameraApp. Includes error handling for camera retrieval.

```dart
Future<void> main() async {
  // Fetch the available cameras before initializing the app.
  try {
    WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
    _cameras = await CameraPlatform.instance.availableCameras();
  } on CameraException catch (e) {
    _logError(e.code, e.description);
  }
  runApp(const CameraApp());
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Camera Controller

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android/example

Initializes the camera controller with specified settings. Handles potential camera and audio access exceptions.

```dart
Future<void> _initializeCameraController(
    CameraDescription cameraDescription,
  ) async {
    final cameraController = CameraController(
      cameraDescription,
      mediaSettings: MediaSettings(
        resolutionPreset: kIsWeb
            ? ResolutionPreset.max
            : ResolutionPreset.medium,
        enableAudio: enableAudio,
      ),
      imageFormatGroup: ImageFormatGroup.jpeg,
    );

    controller = cameraController;

    // If the controller is updated then update the UI.
    cameraController.addListener(() {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
    });

    try {
      await cameraController.initialize();
      await Future.wait<Object?>(
        <Future<Object?>>[
          // The exposure mode is currently not supported on the web.
          ...!kIsWeb
              ? <Future<Object?>>[
                  CameraPlatform.instance
                      .getMinExposureOffset(cameraController.cameraId)
                      .then(
                        (double value) => _minAvailableExposureOffset = value,
                      ),
                  CameraPlatform.instance
                      .getMaxExposureOffset(cameraController.cameraId)
                      .then(
                        (double value) => _maxAvailableExposureOffset = value,
                      ),
                ]
              : <Future<Object?>>[],
          CameraPlatform.instance
              .getMaxZoomLevel(cameraController.cameraId)
              .then((double value) => _maxAvailableZoom = value),
          CameraPlatform.instance
              .getMinZoomLevel(cameraController.cameraId)
              .then((double value) => _minAvailableZoom = value),
        ],
      );
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      switch (e.code) {
        case 'CameraAccessDenied':
          showInSnackBar('You have denied camera access.');
        case 'CameraAccessDeniedWithoutPrompt':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Please go to Settings app to enable camera access.');
        case 'CameraAccessRestricted':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Camera access is restricted.');
        case 'AudioAccessDenied':
          showInSnackBar('You have denied audio access.');
        case 'AudioAccessDeniedWithoutPrompt':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Please go to Settings app to enable audio access.');
        case 'AudioAccessRestricted':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Audio access is restricted.');
        case 'cameraPermission':
          // Android & web only
          showInSnackBar('Unknown permission error.');
        default:
          _showCameraException(e);
      }
    }

    if (mounted) {
      setState(() {});
    }
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Camera Controller

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Initializes a CameraController with specified settings. Handles potential CameraExceptions during initialization and updates UI state.

```dart
Future<void> _initializeCameraController(
    CameraDescription cameraDescription,
  ) async {
    final cameraController = CameraController(
      cameraDescription,
      kIsWeb ? ResolutionPreset.max : ResolutionPreset.medium,
      enableAudio: enableAudio,
      imageFormatGroup: ImageFormatGroup.jpeg,
    );

    controller = cameraController;

    // If the controller is updated then update the UI.
    cameraController.addListener(() {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
    });

    try {
      await cameraController.initialize();
      await Future.wait<Object?>(
        <Future<Object?>>[
          // The exposure mode is currently not supported on the web.
          ...!kIsWeb
              ? <Future<Object?>>[
                  CameraPlatform.instance
                      .getMinExposureOffset(cameraController.cameraId)
                      .then(
                        (double value) => _minAvailableExposureOffset = value,
                      ),
                  CameraPlatform.instance
                      .getMaxExposureOffset(cameraController.cameraId)
                      .then(
                        (double value) => _maxAvailableExposureOffset = value,
                      ),
                ]
              : <Future<Object?>>[],
          CameraPlatform.instance
              .getMaxZoomLevel(cameraController.cameraId)
              .then((double value) => _maxAvailableZoom = value),
          CameraPlatform.instance
              .getMinZoomLevel(cameraController.cameraId)
              .then((double value) => _minAvailableZoom = value),
        ],
      );
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      switch (e.code) {
        case 'CameraAccessDenied':
          showInSnackBar('You have denied camera access.');
        case 'CameraAccessDeniedWithoutPrompt':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Please go to Settings app to enable camera access.');
        case 'CameraAccessRestricted':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Camera access is restricted.');
        case 'AudioAccessDenied':
          showInSnackBar('You have denied audio access.');
        case 'AudioAccessDeniedWithoutPrompt':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Please go to Settings app to enable audio access.');
        case 'AudioAccessRestricted':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Audio access is restricted.');
        case 'cameraPermission':
          // Android & web only
          showInSnackBar('Unknown permission error.');
        default:
          _showCameraException(e);
      }
    }

    if (mounted) {
      setState(() {});
    }
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Import camera_android_camerax in Dart

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/install

Import the camera_android_camerax package into your Dart files to start using its functionalities. This import statement is necessary for accessing the package's APIs.

```dart
import 'package:camera_android_camerax/camera_android_camerax.dart';
```

--------------------------------

### iOS Info.plist Configuration

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera

Add these rows to your Info.plist file to request camera and microphone usage descriptions on iOS.

```xml
<key>NSCameraUsageDescription</key>
<string>your usage description here</string>
<key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
<string>your usage description here</string>

```

--------------------------------

### Stop Video Recording

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Stops the current video recording and returns the recorded file. It updates the UI and shows a snackbar with the file path. If a file is recorded, it starts playing it.

```dart
void onStopButtonPressed() {
    stopVideoRecording().then((XFile? file) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      if (file != null) {
        showInSnackBar('Video recorded to ${file.path}');
        videoFile = file;
        _startVideoPlayer();
      }
    });
  }
```

--------------------------------

### CameraApp Widget

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

The main application widget that sets up the MaterialApp and points to the CameraExampleHome.

```dart
class CameraApp extends StatelessWidget {
  /// Default Constructor
  const CameraApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return const MaterialApp(home: CameraExampleHome());
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Camera Controller and Handle App Lifecycle

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/example

Initializes the camera controller and manages its lifecycle based on the application's lifecycle states. Disposes the controller when the app is inactive and re-initializes it when the app resumes.

```dart
// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:io';

import 'package:camera_platform_interface/camera_platform_interface.dart';
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';
import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';

import 'camera_controller.dart';
import 'camera_preview.dart';

/// Camera example home widget.
class CameraExampleHome extends StatefulWidget {
  /// Default Constructor
  const CameraExampleHome({super.key});

  @override
  State<CameraExampleHome> createState() {
    return _CameraExampleHomeState();
  }
}

/// Returns a suitable camera icon for [direction].
IconData getCameraLensIcon(CameraLensDirection direction) {
  switch (direction) {
    case CameraLensDirection.back:
      return Icons.camera_rear;
    case CameraLensDirection.front:
      return Icons.camera_front;
    case CameraLensDirection.external:
      return Icons.camera;
  }
  // This enum is from a different package, so a new value could be added at
  // any time. The example should keep working if that happens.
  // ignore: dead_code
  return Icons.camera;
}

void _logError(String code, String? message) {
  // ignore: avoid_print
  print('Error: $code${message == null ? '' : '\nError Message: $message'}');
}

class _CameraExampleHomeState extends State<CameraExampleHome>
    with WidgetsBindingObserver, TickerProviderStateMixin {
  CameraController? controller;
  XFile? imageFile;
  XFile? videoFile;
  VideoPlayerController? videoController;
  VoidCallback? videoPlayerListener;
  bool enableAudio = true;
  double _minAvailableExposureOffset = 0.0;
  double _maxAvailableExposureOffset = 0.0;
  double _currentExposureOffset = 0.0;
  late AnimationController _flashModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late Animation<double> _flashModeControlRowAnimation;
  late AnimationController _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late Animation<double> _exposureModeControlRowAnimation;
  late AnimationController _focusModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late Animation<double> _focusModeControlRowAnimation;
  double _minAvailableZoom = 1.0;
  double _maxAvailableZoom = 1.0;
  double _currentScale = 1.0;
  double _baseScale = 1.0;

  // Counting pointers (number of user fingers on screen)
  int _pointers = 0;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this);

    _flashModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _flashModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _flashModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
    _focusModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _focusModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _focusModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
    _flashModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  // #docregion AppLifecycle
  @override
  void didChangeAppLifecycleState(AppLifecycleState state) {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    // App state changed before we got the chance to initialize.
    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      return;
    }

    if (state == AppLifecycleState.inactive) {
      cameraController.dispose();
    } else if (state == AppLifecycleState.resumed) {
      _initializeCameraController(cameraController.description);
    }
  }

  // #enddocregion AppLifecycle

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Camera example')),
      body: Column(
        children: <Widget>[
          Expanded(
            child: Container(
              decoration: BoxDecoration(
                color: Colors.black,
                border: Border.all(
                  color:
                      controller != null && controller!.value.isRecordingVideo
                          ? Colors.redAccent
                          : Colors.grey,
                  width: 3.0,
                ),

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Camera Controller

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera/example

Initializes the camera controller when the app resumes. Ensures the camera is ready for use after being inactive.

```dart
// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:io';

import 'package:camera/camera.dart';
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';
import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';

/// Camera example home widget.
class CameraExampleHome extends StatefulWidget {
  /// Default Constructor
  const CameraExampleHome({super.key});

  @override
  State<CameraExampleHome> createState() {
    return _CameraExampleHomeState();
  }
}

/// Returns a suitable camera icon for [direction].
IconData getCameraLensIcon(CameraLensDirection direction) {
  switch (direction) {
    case CameraLensDirection.back:
      return Icons.camera_rear;
    case CameraLensDirection.front:
      return Icons.camera_front;
    case CameraLensDirection.external:
      return Icons.camera;
  }
  // This enum is from a different package, so a new value could be added at
  // any time. The example should keep working if that happens.
  // ignore: dead_code
  return Icons.camera;
}

void _logError(String code, String? message) {
  // ignore: avoid_print
  print('Error: $code${message == null ? '' : '\nError Message: $message'}');
}

class _CameraExampleHomeState extends State<CameraExampleHome>
    with WidgetsBindingObserver, TickerProviderStateMixin {
  CameraController? controller;
  XFile? imageFile;
  XFile? videoFile;
  VideoPlayerController? videoController;
  VoidCallback? videoPlayerListener;
  bool enableAudio = true;
  double _minAvailableExposureOffset = 0.0;
  double _maxAvailableExposureOffset = 0.0;
  double _currentExposureOffset = 0.0;
  late final AnimationController _flashModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late final CurvedAnimation _flashModeControlRowAnimation;
  late final AnimationController _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late final CurvedAnimation _exposureModeControlRowAnimation;
  late final AnimationController _focusModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late final CurvedAnimation _focusModeControlRowAnimation;
  double _minAvailableZoom = 1.0;
  double _maxAvailableZoom = 1.0;
  double _currentScale = 1.0;
  double _baseScale = 1.0;

  // Counting pointers (number of user fingers on screen)
  int _pointers = 0;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this);

    _flashModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _flashModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _flashModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
    _focusModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _focusModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _focusModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
    _flashModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    _flashModeControlRowAnimation.dispose();
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimation.dispose();
    _focusModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    _focusModeControlRowAnimation.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  // #docregion AppLifecycle
  @override
  void didChangeAppLifecycleState(AppLifecycleState state) {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    // App state changed before we got the chance to initialize.
    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      return;
    }

    if (state == AppLifecycleState.inactive) {
      cameraController.dispose();
    } else if (state == AppLifecycleState.resumed) {
      _initializeCameraController(cameraController.description);
    }
  }
  // #enddocregion AppLifecycle

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Camera example')),
      body: Column(
        children: <Widget>[
          Expanded(
            child: Container(
              decoration: BoxDecoration(
                color: Colors.black,
                border: Border.all(
                  color:

```

--------------------------------

### Handle Camera Exceptions

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/example

Demonstrates how to catch and handle specific `CameraException` codes, providing user-friendly messages for common issues like camera access denial or restrictions. This ensures a better user experience when camera operations fail.

```dart
try {
  await cameraController.initialize();
  await Future.wait(<Future<Object?>>[
    // The exposure mode is currently not supported on the web.
    ...!kIsWeb
        ? <Future<Object?>>[
            cameraController.getMinExposureOffset().then(
              (double value) => _minAvailableExposureOffset = value,
            ),
            cameraController.getMaxExposureOffset().then(
              (double value) => _maxAvailableExposureOffset = value,
            ),
          ]
        : <Future<Object?>>[],
    cameraController.getMaxZoomLevel().then(
      (double value) => _maxAvailableZoom = value,
    ),
    cameraController.getMinZoomLevel().then(
      (double value) => _minAvailableZoom = value,
    ),
  ]);
} on CameraException catch (e) {
  switch (e.code) {
    case 'CameraAccessDenied':
      showInSnackBar('You have denied camera access.');
    case 'CameraAccessDeniedWithoutPrompt':
      // iOS only
      showInSnackBar('Please go to Settings app to enable camera access.');
    case 'CameraAccessRestricted':
      // iOS only
      showInSnackBar('Camera access is restricted.');
    case 'AudioAccessDenied':
      showInSnackBar('You have denied audio access.');
    case 'AudioAccessDeniedWithoutPrompt':
      // iOS only
      showInSnackBar('Please go to Settings app to enable audio access.');
    case 'AudioAccessRestricted':
      // iOS only
      showInSnackBar('Audio access is restricted.');
    default:
      _showCameraException(e);
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Select New Camera

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Selects a new camera description. If a controller already exists, it updates the description; otherwise, it initializes a new controller for the selected camera.

```dart
Future<void> onNewCameraSelected(CameraDescription cameraDescription) async {
    if (controller != null) {
      return controller!.setDescription(cameraDescription);
    } else {
      return _initializeCameraController(cameraDescription);
    }
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Add camera_web Dependency

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_web/install

Use this command to add the camera_web package to your Flutter project's dependencies. This command automatically updates your pubspec.yaml file.

```bash
$ flutter pub add camera_web
```

--------------------------------

### Add Camera Dependency to Flutter Project

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera/install

Use this command to add the camera package as a dependency in your Flutter project. This command automatically updates your pubspec.yaml file.

```bash
$ flutter pub add camera
```

--------------------------------

### Add camera_platform_interface Dependency

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_platform_interface/install

Use this command to add the camera_platform_interface package to your Flutter project's dependencies.

```bash
$ flutter pub add camera_platform_interface
```

--------------------------------

### Take Picture and Handle Result

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/example

Initiates taking a picture using the camera controller and handles the resulting `XFile`. It updates the UI state with the captured image file and disposes of any active video controller. This is essential for image capture functionality.

```dart
void onTakePictureButtonPressed() {
  takePicture().then((XFile? file) {
    if (mounted) {
      setState(() {
        imageFile = file;
        videoController?.dispose();
        videoController = null;
      });
      if (file != null) {
        showInSnackBar('Picture saved to ${file.path}');
      }
    }
  });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Camera Preview Widget

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Displays the camera preview or a message if the preview is not ready. Handles tap gestures for focus and pinch gestures for zoom.

```dart
Widget _cameraPreviewWidget() {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      return const Text(
        'Tap a camera',
        style: TextStyle(
          color: Colors.white,
          fontSize: 24.0,
          fontWeight: FontWeight.w900,
        ),
      );
    } else {
      return Listener(
        onPointerDown: (_) => _pointers++,
        onPointerUp: (_) => _pointers--,
        child: CameraPreview(
          controller!,
          child: LayoutBuilder(
            builder: (BuildContext context, BoxConstraints constraints) {
              return GestureDetector(
                behavior: HitTestBehavior.opaque,
                onScaleStart: _handleScaleStart,
                onScaleUpdate: _handleScaleUpdate,
                onTapDown: (TapDownDetails details) =>
                    onViewFinderTap(details, constraints),
              );
            },
          ),
        ),
      );
    }
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Handle Pinch to Zoom

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Updates the camera zoom level based on pinch gestures. Requires exactly two pointers on the screen.

```dart
Future<void> _handleScaleUpdate(ScaleUpdateDetails details) async {
    // When there are not exactly two fingers on screen don't scale
    if (controller == null || _pointers != 2) {
      return;
    }

    _currentScale = (_baseScale * details.scale).clamp(
      _minAvailableZoom,
      _maxAvailableZoom,
    );

    await CameraPlatform.instance.setZoomLevel(
      controller!.cameraId,
      _currentScale,
    );
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Import camera_avfoundation in Dart Code

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/install

Import the camera_avfoundation package into your Dart files to access its functionalities. This is necessary before using any of its classes or methods.

```dart
import 'package:camera_avfoundation/camera_avfoundation.dart';
```

--------------------------------

### Handle Camera Exception

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera/example

This snippet shows how to catch and display camera-related exceptions. It's useful for providing user feedback on errors.

```dart
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      rethrow;
    }
```

--------------------------------

### Pause/Resume Camera Preview

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Toggles the camera preview between paused and resumed states. It ensures a camera is selected and initialized before attempting to pause or resume.

```dart
Future<void> onPausePreviewButtonPressed() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      showInSnackBar('Error: select a camera first.');
      return;
    }

    if (cameraController.value.isPreviewPaused) {
      await cameraController.resumePreview();
    } else {
      await cameraController.pausePreview();
    }

    if (mounted) {
      setState(() {});
    }
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Add camera_android_camerax Dependency

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android_camerax/install

Use this command to add the camera_android_camerax package to your Flutter project's dependencies. This command automatically updates your pubspec.yaml file.

```bash
$ flutter pub add camera_android_camerax
```

--------------------------------

### Thumbnail Widget

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Displays a thumbnail of the captured image or video. Supports both web and non-web platforms.

```dart
Widget _thumbnailWidget() {
    final VideoPlayerController? localVideoController = videoController;

    return Expanded(
      child: Align(
        alignment: Alignment.centerRight,
        child: Row(
          mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
          children: <Widget>[
            if (localVideoController == null && imageFile == null)
              Container()
            else
              SizedBox(
                width: 64.0,
                height: 64.0,
                child: (localVideoController == null) 
                    ? (
                      // The captured image on the web contains a network-accessible URL
                      // pointing to a location within the browser. It may be displayed
                      // either with Image.network or Image.memory after loading the image
                      // bytes to memory.
                      kIsWeb
                          ? Image.network(imageFile!.path)
                          : Image.file(File(imageFile!.path)))
                    : Container(
                        decoration: BoxDecoration(
                          border: Border.all(color: Colors.pink),
                        ),
                        child: Center(
                          child: AspectRatio(
                            aspectRatio: localVideoController.value.aspectRatio,
                            child: VideoPlayer(localVideoController),
                          ),
                        ),
                      ),
              ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Handle Camera Zoom Gesture

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android/example

Updates the camera zoom level based on multi-finger scaling gestures. Requires exactly two pointers on the screen.

```dart
void _handleScaleStart(ScaleStartDetails details) {
    _baseScale = _currentScale;
  }

  Future<void> _handleScaleUpdate(ScaleUpdateDetails details) async {
    // When there are not exactly two fingers on screen don't scale
    if (controller == null || _pointers != 2) {
      return;
    }

    _currentScale = (_baseScale * details.scale).clamp(
      _minAvailableZoom,
      _maxAvailableZoom,
    );

    await CameraPlatform.instance.setZoomLevel(
      controller!.cameraId,
      _currentScale,
    );
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Show Camera Exception

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Logs and displays a camera exception to the user via a snackbar. This is a helper function for error handling.

```dart
void _showCameraException(CameraException e) {
    _logError(e.code, e.description);
    showInSnackBar('Error: ${e.code}\n${e.description}');
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Add camera_android Dependency

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android/install

Use this command to add the camera_android package to your Flutter project's dependencies. This command automatically updates your pubspec.yaml file.

```bash
$ flutter pub add camera_android
```

--------------------------------

### Displaying Captured Image on Web

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_web

This snippet shows how to display a captured image on the web using Image.network. It contrasts with displaying images from local files on non-web platforms.

```dart
final Image image;
if (kIsWeb) {
  image = Image.network(capturedImage.path);
} else {
  image = Image.file(File(capturedImage.path));
}

```

--------------------------------

### Add camera_avfoundation to Flutter Project

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/install

Use this command to add the camera_avfoundation package as a dependency in your Flutter project. This command automatically updates your pubspec.yaml file.

```bash
$ flutter pub add camera_avfoundation
```

--------------------------------

### Take Picture

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Initiates the process of taking a picture and saves the resulting XFile. Updates the UI with the saved image file path and disposes of any active video controller.

```dart
void onTakePictureButtonPressed() {
    takePicture().then((XFile? file) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {
          imageFile = file;
          videoController?.dispose();
          videoController = null;
        });
        if (file != null) {
          showInSnackBar('Picture saved to ${file.path}');
        }
      }
    });
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Pause Video Recording Logic

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Contains the core logic for pausing video recording. It checks for camera initialization and handles potential exceptions.

```dart
Future<void> pauseVideoRecording() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;


```

--------------------------------

### Import Camera Package in Dart Code

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera/install

Include this import statement in your Dart files to access the functionality provided by the camera plugin.

```dart
import 'package:camera/camera.dart';
```

--------------------------------

### Camera Selection Row

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera/example

Widget to display available cameras and allow selection. If no cameras are found, it displays a 'No camera found.' message. Otherwise, it populates a list of camera descriptions.

```dart
/// Display a row of toggle to select the camera (or a message if no camera is available).
Widget _cameraTogglesRowWidget() {
    final toggles = <Widget>[];

    void onChanged(CameraDescription? description) {
      if (description == null) {
        return;
      }

      onNewCameraSelected(description);
    }

    if (_cameras.isEmpty) {
      SchedulerBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) async {
        showInSnackBar('No camera found.');
      });
      return const Text('None');
    } else {
      for (final CameraDescription cameraDescription in _cameras) {
        toggles.add(
          SizedBox(

```

--------------------------------

### Set Exposure Mode and Offset

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_avfoundation/example

Configures the camera's exposure mode and adjusts the exposure offset. Includes error handling for CameraExceptions.

```dart
Future<void> setExposureMode(ExposureMode mode) async {
    if (controller == null) {
      return;
    }

    try {
      await controller!.setExposureMode(mode);
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      rethrow;
    }
  }

  Future<void> setExposureOffset(double offset) async {
    if (controller == null) {
      return;
    }

    setState(() {
      _currentExposureOffset = offset;
    });
    try {
      offset = await controller!.setExposureOffset(offset);
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      rethrow;
    }
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Display Thumbnail Widget

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera_android/example

Shows a thumbnail of the captured image or video. Supports both web (Image.network) and non-web (Image.file) image display, and video playback.

```dart
Widget _thumbnailWidget() {
    final VideoPlayerController? localVideoController = videoController;

    return Expanded(
      child: Align(
        alignment: Alignment.centerRight,
        child: Row(
          mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
          children: <Widget>[
            if (localVideoController == null && imageFile == null)
              Container()
            else
              SizedBox(
                width: 64.0,
                height: 64.0,
                child: (localVideoController == null)
                    ? (
                      // The captured image on the web contains a network-accessible URL
                      // pointing to a location within the browser. It may be displayed
                      // either with Image.network or Image.memory after loading the image
                      // bytes to memory.
                      kIsWeb
                          ? Image.network(imageFile!.path)
                          : Image.file(File(imageFile!.path)))
                    : Container(
                        decoration: BoxDecoration(
                          border: Border.all(color: Colors.pink),
                        ),
                        child: Center(
                          child: AspectRatio(
                            aspectRatio: localVideoController.value.aspectRatio,
                            child: VideoPlayer(localVideoController),
                          ),
                        ),
                      ),
              ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
```

--------------------------------

### Handling App Lifecycle States with CameraController

Source: https://pub.dev/packages/camera

Override didChangeAppLifecycleState to manage camera controller resources during app lifecycle changes. Dispose the controller when the app is inactive and re-initialize when resumed.

```dart
@override
void didChangeAppLifecycleState(AppLifecycleState state) {
  final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

  // App state changed before we got the chance to initialize.
  if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
    return;
  }

  if (state == AppLifecycleState.inactive) {
    cameraController.dispose();
  } else if (state == AppLifecycleState.resumed) {
    _initializeCameraController(cameraController.description);
  }
}

```