OSDev Wiki

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### Launch GRUB install application

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/GRUB_Legacy?action=edit

Start the GRUB installation utility.

```bash
sudo grub
```

--------------------------------

### QEMU GDB Connection Setup

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Kernel_Debugging?action=edit

Commands to start QEMU in debug mode and connect via GDB.

```bash
qemu -s -S <harddrive.img>
```

```bash
(gdb) target remote localhost:1234
```

--------------------------------

### Cross-Compiling User-Space Programs

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Why_do_I_need_a_Cross_Compiler%3F?action=edit

Example of building a program for a custom operating system using an OS-specific toolchain.

```bash
i686-myos-gcc hello.c -o hello
```

--------------------------------

### Check GCC Version and Configuration

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Why_do_I_need_a_Cross_Compiler%3F?action=edit

Displays the build, host, and target configuration of the installed GCC compiler.

```bash
gravaera@gravaera-laptop:/void/cygwin/osdev/zbz$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: i486-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5' \
 --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ \
 --prefix=/usr --enable-shared --enable-multiarch --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib \
 --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.4 \
 --program-suffix=-4.4 --enable-nls --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc \
 --enable-targets=all --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i486 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release \
 --build=i486-linux-gnu --host=i486-linux-gnu --target=i486-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5)
```

--------------------------------

### Automating VHD Mounting with Batch Commands

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Windows_Loopback_Alternative

Example batch commands to detach a VHD, run an emulator, and re-attach the VHD.

```batch
diskpart -s VHDScriptDetach.txt
qemu.exe -hda C:\OS\Harddrive.vhd
diskpart -s VHDScriptAttach.txt
```

--------------------------------

### Install SysLinux on a Linux Device

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/SysLinux

Example command for installing SysLinux on a floppy device.

```text
syslinux /dev/fd0
```

--------------------------------

### Invoke QEMU with standard configuration

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/QEMU

Example command to launch a guest system with specific CPU, memory, and drive settings.

```bash
qemu-system-i386                                 \
  -accel tcg,thread=single                       \
  -cpu core2duo                                  \
  -m 128                                         \
  -no-reboot                                     \
  -drive format=raw,media=cdrom,file=myos.iso    \
  -serial stdio                                  \
  -smp 1                                         \
  -usb                                           \
  -vga std
```

--------------------------------

### Install Specific Dependency

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Building_GCC

Example command for installing the GMP development library on Debian-based systems.

```bash
sudo apt install libgmp3-dev
```

--------------------------------

### Start OS in QEMU

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Multiboot2_Bare_Bones?action=edit

Launch a virtual machine using the generated ISO file.

```bash
qemu-system-i386 -cdrom myos.iso
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare Environment and Download Sources

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Cannot_perform_PE_operations_on_non-PE_file

Sets up the installation prefix, updates the PATH, and downloads the required source archives for the toolchain.

```bash
export PREFIX="$HOME/.local/cross"
export TARGET=i686-elf
echo "export PATH=\"$PREFIX/bin:\$PATH\"" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
# you can set the following variable if you know how to get the amount of cpus on your system. Linux is shown below
MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)"

mkdir ~/src
cd ~/src

# Download and prepare the source directories
curl -LO https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-X.Y.Z.tar.xz
curl -LO https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-X.Y.Z/gcc-X.Y.Z.tar.xz
curl -LO https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-X.Y.Z.tar.xz
curl -LO https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpfr/mpfr-X.Y.Z.tar.xz
curl -LO https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpc/mpc-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
curl -LO https://libisl.sourceforge.io/isl-X.Y.Z.tar.xz

for i in *.xz; do
        xz -d $i
done
for i in *.gz; do
        gzip -d $i
done
for i in *.tar; do
        tar -xf $i
done
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start VFD Driver

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Virtual_Floppy_Disk

Commands to install and initialize the VFD device driver on Windows.

```bash
vfd.exe install /AUTO
vfd.exe start
```

--------------------------------

### Install dependencies via package managers

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/GCC_Cross-Compiler

Example command for installing a specific dependency on Debian-based systems.

```bash
sudo apt install libgmp3-dev
```

--------------------------------

### Building and Installing

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Porting_Newlib?section=1&veaction=edit

Commands to compile and install the configured software.

```bash
make && make install
```

--------------------------------

### Complete GRUB installation from shell

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/GRUB_Legacy?action=edit

Run the install command within the GRUB shell to finalize the boot setup.

```bash
install (fd0)/boot/stage1 (fd0) (fd0)/boot/stage2 (fd0)/boot/menu.cfg
```

--------------------------------

### Booting an OS with QEMU

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/Multiboot1_Bare_Bones?action=edit&section=13

Commands to launch a virtual machine with a kernel image or ISO.

```bash
qemu-system-i386 -cdrom myos.iso
```

```bash
qemu-system-i386 -kernel myos.bin
```

--------------------------------

### Sample grub.cfg configuration

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/GRUB_2

Example configuration file for GRUB 2, defining the timeout and a kernel boot entry.

```text
set timeout=15
set default=0 # Set the default menu entry

menuentry "OS Name" {
   # The multiboot command replaces the kernel command
   # For multiboot v2, use the multiboot2 command
   multiboot /boot/kernel-file
   boot
}
```

--------------------------------

### Calling Get Cached Information

Source: https://osdev.wiki/wiki/PXE?action=edit

Example of invoking the Get Cached Information function using the generic API wrapper.

```asm
mov di, t_PXENV_GET_CACHED
mov bx, GET_CACHED_INFO ; 0x0071.
call UsePXEAPI ; Ask for the cached info.
or ax, [t_PXENV_GET_CACHED] ; Get the status into AX.
test ax, ax
jnz .Error
```
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