### Packstack Installation Log Output

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-04-openstack-rdo-packstack

Example output from the Packstack utility during an all-in-one installation, showing the progress and completion status of various OpenStack components.

```text
Welcome to the Packstack setup utility

The installation log file is available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20190309-213243-nLQIP0/openstack-setup.log
Packstack changed given value  to required value /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

Installing:
Clean Up                                             [ DONE ]
Discovering ip protocol version                      [ DONE ]
Setting up ssh keys                                  [ DONE ]
Preparing servers                                    [ DONE ]
Pre installing Puppet and discovering hosts' details [ DONE ]
Preparing pre-install entries                        [ DONE ]
Setting up CACERT                                    [ DONE ]
Preparing AMQP entries                               [ DONE ]
Preparing MariaDB entries                            [ DONE ]
Fixing Keystone LDAP config parameters to be undef if empty[ DONE ]
Preparing Keystone entries                           [ DONE ]
Preparing Glance entries                             [ DONE ]
Checking if the Cinder server has a cinder-volumes vg[ DONE ]
Preparing Cinder entries                             [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova API entries                           [ DONE ]
Creating ssh keys for Nova migration                 [ DONE ]
Gathering ssh host keys for Nova migration           [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova Compute entries                       [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova Scheduler entries                     [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova VNC Proxy entries                     [ DONE ]
Preparing OpenStack Network-related Nova entries     [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova Common entries                        [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron LBaaS Agent entries                [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron API entries                        [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron L3 entries                         [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron L2 Agent entries                   [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron DHCP Agent entries                 [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron Metering Agent entries             [ DONE ]
Checking if NetworkManager is enabled and running    [ DONE ]
Preparing OpenStack Client entries                   [ DONE ]
Preparing Horizon entries                            [ DONE ]
Preparing Swift builder entries                      [ DONE ]
Preparing Swift proxy entries                        [ DONE ]
Preparing Swift storage entries                      [ DONE ]
Preparing Gnocchi entries                            [ DONE ]
Preparing Redis entries                              [ DONE ]
Preparing Ceilometer entries                         [ DONE ]
Preparing Aodh entries                               [ DONE ]
Preparing Puppet manifests                           [ DONE ]
Copying Puppet modules and manifests                 [ DONE ]
Applying 192.168.1.140_controller.pp
192.168.1.140_controller.pp:                         [ DONE ]
Applying 192.168.1.140_network.pp
192.168.1.140_network.pp:                            [ DONE ]
Applying 192.168.1.140_compute.pp
192.168.1.140_compute.pp:                            [ DONE ]
Applying Puppet manifests                            [ DONE ]
Finalizing                                           [ DONE ]

 **** Installation completed successfully ****** 

Additional information:
 * A new answerfile was created in: /root/packstack-answers-20190309-213244.txt
 * Time synchronization installation was skipped. Please note that unsynchronized time on server instances might be problem for some OpenStack components.
 * File /root/keystonerc_admin has been created on OpenStack client host 192.168.1.140. To use the command line tools you need to source the file.
 * To access the OpenStack Dashboard browse to http://192.168.1.140/dashboard .
Please, find your login credentials stored in the keystonerc_admin in your home directory.
 * Because of the kernel update the host 192.168.1.140 requires reboot.
 * The installation log file is available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20190309-213243-nLQIP0/openstack-setup.log
 * The generated manifests are available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20190309-213243-nLQIP0/manifests

```

--------------------------------

### Script Usage Example

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Demonstrates how to call the start-stop-cluster.sh script with provider and action arguments. Use 'vbox start' to start VirtualBox VMs or 'vbox stop' to stop them.

```bash
~/start-stop-cluster.sh vbox start
~/start-stop-cluster.sh vbox stop
```

--------------------------------

### Start QEMU/KVM Node

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Command to start a QEMU/KVM virtual machine named 'controller'.

```bash
sudo virsh start controller

```

--------------------------------

### Shell Script for OpenStack Prerequisites Setup

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/99-notes

This script automates the server preparation for OpenStack installation on VirtualBox. It handles partition mounting, system upgrades, dependency installation, VirtualBox setup, and user creation. Ensure you have the necessary permissions and environment before execution.

```bash
#!/bin/bash

mount_sda_partition () {
echo "---- Mount /dev/sda1 partition on /opt ----"
#mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1
cat << EOF >> /etc/systemd/system/opt.mount
[Unit]
Description=Mount SDA Volume at boot
[Mount]
What=UUID="$( blkid | grep /dev/sda1 | cut -d' ' -f2 | cut -d\" -f2 )"
Where=/opt
Type=ext4
Options=defaults
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start opt.mount
systemctl enable opt.mount
}

host_setup () {
echo "---- Non-interactive Ubuntu system upgrade and pre-reqs installation ----"
# https://superuser.com/questions/1332341/console-setup-causes-apt-get-update-to-hang
echo "console-setup   console-setup/charmap47 select  UTF-8" > encoding.conf
debconf-set-selections encoding.conf
rm encoding.conf
apt-get update
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" upgrade
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" dist-upgrade
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" install git ansible language-pack-en sudo
update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
echo "---- Install virtualbox ----"
wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/goffinet/6f606829a1b9400adb0165d49455b55d/raw/990161aed57b158e0f2c86f0df1b01a75e7b7b6a/scaleway-linux-headers.yml && ansible-playbook scaleway-linux-headers.yml
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -qq install virtualbox-dkms virtualbox
echo "---- Create a stack user ----"
useradd -s /bin/bash -d /home/stack -m -k /etc/skel stack
echo "stack ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | tee /etc/sudoers.d/stack
}

mount_sda_partition
host_setup

```

--------------------------------

### YAML List Example

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/10-00-orchestration-openstack-iac

Demonstrates how to define a list in YAML. Each list item starts with a hyphen and a space.

```yaml
---
# A list of tasty fruits
fruits:
    - Apple
    - Orange
    - Strawberry
    - Mango
...
```

--------------------------------

### Start VirtualBox VMs

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/06-00-extension-openstack

Use vboxmanage to start controller and compute1 virtual machines in headless mode.

```bash
vboxmanage startvm "controller" --type headless
Waiting for VM "controller" to power on...
VM "controller" has been successfully started.
```

```bash
vboxmanage startvm "compute1" --type headless
Waiting for VM "compute1" to power on...
VM "compute1" has been successfully started.
```

--------------------------------

### Install Libvirt and KVM Packages

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Installs essential packages for KVM virtualization, including QEMU, libvirt, virtinst, and related tools. It also adds the current user to the 'libvirt' group and installs Python dependencies.

```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get -y install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst virt-viewer libguestfs-tools virt-manager uuid-runtime python-pip pkg-config libvirt-dev genisoimage netcat python-dev libyaml-dev libosinfo-bin virt-top
sudo usermod -aG libvirt `id -un`
```

--------------------------------

### Install VirtualBox

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Installs VirtualBox on your system. It first updates the package list and upgrades existing packages, then installs VirtualBox.

```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get -y install virtualbox
```

--------------------------------

### Install OpenStack client tools

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-03-conjuring-up-openstack-with-novalxd

Installs the OpenStack client tools using snap with classic confinement, enabling command-line management of the OpenStack cloud.

```bash
sudo snap install openstackclients --classic

```

--------------------------------

### Example OS::Nova::Server Resource

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/10-00-orchestration-openstack-iac

An example of defining an OS::Nova::Server resource with specified flavor and image.

```yaml
resources:
  my_instance:
    type: OS::Nova::Server
    properties:
      flavor: m1.small
      image: F18-x86_64-cfntools

```

--------------------------------

### Start KVM VMs

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/06-00-extension-openstack

Use virsh to start compute1 and controller virtual machines.

```bash
virsh start compute1
virsh start controller
```

--------------------------------

### Start KVM VM

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/06-00-extension-openstack

Start a KVM virtual machine using the virsh command. This will boot the VM and make it available on the network.

```bash
virsh start compute2

```

--------------------------------

### Example Multiple Resource Dependencies

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/10-00-orchestration-openstack-iac

Shows how to specify multiple dependencies for a resource using a list in `depends_on`.

```yaml
resources:
  server1:
    type: OS::Nova::Server
    depends_on: [ server2, server3 ]

  server2:
    type: OS::Nova::Server

  server3:
    type: OS::Nova::Server

```

--------------------------------

### Install conjure-up

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-03-conjuring-up-openstack-with-novalxd

Installs conjure-up, a tool for deploying applications on Ubuntu, using snap with classic confinement.

```bash
sudo snap install conjure-up --classic

```

--------------------------------

### Start VirtualBox VM

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/06-00-extension-openstack

Initiate the startup of a VirtualBox VM in headless mode, meaning without a graphical user interface.

```bash
vboxmanage startvm "compute2" --type headless

```

--------------------------------

### Stacktrain Setup Script

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/99-notes

This bash script automates the setup of the Stacktrain environment for OpenStack training labs. It downloads necessary archives, configures environment variables, and sets up controller and compute node configurations. It also handles prerequisites like iptables-converter and creates a default storage pool for libvirt.

```bash
#!/bin/bash

package=$1
case ${package} in
  pike)
  archive="labs-stable-pike.tgz" ;;
  queens)
  archive="labs-stable-queens.tgz" ;;
  rocky)
  archive="labs-stable-rocky.tgz" ;;
  stein)
  archive="labs-master.tgz" ;;
  *)
  head -n15 $0 && exit ;;
esac

echo "---- Get the training-labs scripts ----"
wget http://tarballs.openstack.org/training-labs/dist/${archive}
tar xvfz ${archive}

echo "---- Configure directory path as env variables ----"
cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc
OS_LAB=$HOME
OS_ST=$HOME/labs
OS_BASH=$HOME/labs/osbash
EOF
export OS_LAB=$HOME
export OS_ST=$HOME/labs
export OS_BASH=$HOME/labs/osbash

echo "---- Configure the controller and the compute1 components ----"
mv $OS_ST/config/config.controller $OS_ST/config/config.controller.bak
cat << EOF >> $OS_ST/config/config.controller
VM_SSH_PORT=2230
VM_WWW_PORT=8888
NET_IF_0=dhcp
NET_IF_1="static 10.0.0.11 1"
NET_IF_2="manual 203.0.113.0"
VM_MEM=6144
VM_CPUS=2
EOF
mv $OS_ST/config/config.compute1 $OS_ST/config/config.compute1.bak
cat << EOF >> $OS_ST/config/config.compute1
VM_SSH_PORT=2232
NET_IF_0=dhcp
NET_IF_1="static 10.0.0.31 1"
NET_IF_2="manual 203.0.113.0"
SECOND_DISK_SIZE=128000
VM_MEM=8192
VM_CPUS=4
EOF
cat << EOF | sudo tee --append /etc/hosts
10.0.0.11 controller
10.0.0.31 compute1
EOF
if [ ${package} == "pike" ] ; then
echo "---- Enable Heat service installation ----"
cp $OS_ST/config/scripts.ubuntu_cluster $OS_ST/config/scripts.ubuntu_cluster.bak
sed -i '/heat_controller/s/#//' $OS_ST/config/scripts.ubuntu_cluster
fi

if [ $(virsh --version > /dev/null ; echo $?) == '0' ] ; then
echo "---- install last prereq ----"
sudo apt update
sudo apt -qq install iptables-converter
echo "---- Default Storage Pool creation ----"
sudo virsh pool-destroy default
sudo virsh pool-undefine default
mkdir -p /home/stack/labs/pool
sudo virsh pool-define-as default dir - - - - "/home/stack/labs/pool"
sudo virsh pool-start default
sudo virsh pool-autostart default
echo "---- Populate env vars ----"
cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc
VIRSH_DEFAULT_CONNECT_URI='qemu:///system'
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
EOF
export PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin/
echo "---- install last prereq ----"
sudo apt update
sudo apt -qq install iptables-converter
echo "---- Default Storage Pool creation ----"
sudo virsh pool-destroy default
sudo virsh pool-undefine default
mkdir -p /home/stack/labs/pool
sudo virsh pool-define-as default dir - - - - "/home/stack/labs/pool"
sudo virsh pool-start default
sudo virsh pool-autostart default
echo "---- Populate env vars ----"
cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc
VIRSH_DEFAULT_CONNECT_URI='qemu:///system'
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
EOF
export PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin/
fi

```

--------------------------------

### Install LXD via Snap

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-03-conjuring-up-openstack-with-novalxd

Installs the LXD system container manager using snap. This is a prerequisite for managing containers.

```bash
sudo snap install lxd

```

--------------------------------

### Example Resource Dependency

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/10-00-orchestration-openstack-iac

Demonstrates defining resource dependencies using `depends_on` in HOT.

```yaml
resources:
  server1:
    type: OS::Nova::Server
    depends_on: server2

  server2:
    type: OS::Nova::Server

```

--------------------------------

### Install and configure training-labs scripts

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

This script installs training-labs scripts based on the specified OpenStack release and configures environment variables and component settings. It handles downloading archives, setting up paths, and configuring controller and compute nodes. Ensure you have wget installed.

```bash
#!/bin/bash
#st_setup.sh

package=$1
case ${package} in
  pike) 
  archive="labs-stable-pike.tgz" ;; 
  queens) 
  archive="labs-stable-queens.tgz" ;; 
  rocky) 
  archive="labs-stable-rocky.tgz" ;; 
  stein) 
  archive="labs-master.tgz" ;; 
  *) 
  head -n15 $0 && exit ;; 
esac

echo "---- Get the training-labs scripts ----"
wget http://tarballs.openstack.org/training-labs/dist/${archive}
tar xvfz ${archive}

echo "---- Configure directory path as env variables ----"
cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc
OS_LAB=$HOME
OS_ST=$HOME/labs
OS_BASH=$HOME/labs/osbash
EOF
export OS_LAB=$HOME
export OS_ST=$HOME/labs
export OS_BASH=$HOME/labs/osbash

echo "---- Configure the controller and the compute1 components ----"
mv $OS_ST/config/config.controller $OS_ST/config/config.controller.bak
cat << EOF >> $OS_ST/config/config.controller
VM_SSH_PORT=2230
VM_WWW_PORT=8888
NET_IF_0=dhcp
NET_IF_1="static 10.0.0.11 1"
NET_IF_2="manual 203.0.113.0"
VM_MEM=6144
VM_CPUS=2
EOF
mv $OS_ST/config/config.compute1 $OS_ST/config/config.compute1.bak
cat << EOF >> $OS_ST/config/config.compute1
VM_SSH_PORT=2232
NET_IF_0=dhcp
NET_IF_1="static 10.0.0.31 1"
NET_IF_2="manual 203.0.113.0"
SECOND_DISK_SIZE=128000
VM_MEM=8192
VM_CPUS=4
EOF
cat << EOF | sudo tee --append /etc/hosts
10.0.0.11 controller
10.0.0.31 compute1
EOF
if [ ${package} == "pike" ] ; then
echo "---- Enable Heat service installation ----"
cp $OS_ST/config/scripts.ubuntu_cluster $OS_ST/config/scripts.ubuntu_cluster.bak
sed -i '/heat_controller/s/#//' $OS_ST/config/scripts.ubuntu_cluster
fi

if [ $(virsh --version > /dev/null ; echo $?) == '0' ] ; then
echo "---- install last prereq ----"
sudo apt update
sudo apt -qq install iptables-converter
echo "---- Default Storage Pool creation ----"
sudo virsh pool-destroy default
sudo virsh pool-undefine default
mkdir -p /home/stack/labs/pool
sudo virsh pool-define-as default dir - - - - "/home/stack/labs/pool"
sudo virsh pool-start default
sudo virsh pool-autostart default
echo "---- Populate env vars ----"
cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc
VIRSH_DEFAULT_CONNECT_URI='qemu:///system'
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
EOF
export PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin/
echo "---- install last prereq ----"
sudo apt update
sudo apt -qq install iptables-converter
echo "---- Default Storage Pool creation ----"
sudo virsh pool-destroy default
sudo virsh pool-undefine default
mkdir -p /home/stack/labs/pool
sudo virsh pool-define-as default dir - - - - "/home/stack/labs/pool"
sudo virsh pool-start default
sudo virsh pool-autostart default
echo "---- Populate env vars ----"
cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc
VIRSH_DEFAULT_CONNECT_URI='qemu:///system'
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin
EOF
export PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin/
fi

```

--------------------------------

### Enter stack user session

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Switch to the 'stack' user to perform lab setup operations.

```bash
sudo su - stack
```

--------------------------------

### YAML Arbitrary Example

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/10-00-orchestration-openstack-iac

An example combining various YAML features including multi-line strings.

```yaml
---
# An employee record
name: Martin D'vloper
job: Developer
skill: Elite
employed: True
foods:
  - Apple
  - Orange
  - Strawberry
  - Mango
languages:
  perl: Elite
  python: Elite
  pascal: Lame
education: |
  4 GCSEs
  3 A-Levels
  BSc in the Internet of Things

```

--------------------------------

### Install jq JSON Parser

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/05-00-administration-openstack-1

Installs the `jq` utility, a lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor, using apt package manager.

```bash
osbash@controller:~$ sudo apt -y install jq
```

--------------------------------

### Run DevStack Installation

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-02-openstack-lab-devstack

Execute the `stack.sh` script to install and configure OpenStack services based on your `local.conf` settings. This process can take a significant amount of time.

```bash
./stack.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Run Packstack All-in-One Installation

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-04-openstack-rdo-packstack

Executes the Packstack utility to perform an all-in-one OpenStack installation. This command initiates the deployment process.

```bash
sudo packstack --allinone
```

--------------------------------

### Basic HOT Template Example

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/10-00-orchestration-openstack-iac

A simple Heat Orchestration Template deploying a single compute instance with key name, image, and flavor.

```yaml
heat_template_version: 2015-04-30

description: Simple template to deploy a single compute instance

resources:
  my_instance:
    type: OS::Nova::Server
    properties:
      key_name: my_key
      image: ubuntu-trusty-x86_64
      flavor: m1.small

```

--------------------------------

### Example HOT Template with Parameters

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/10-00-orchestration-openstack-iac

A simple HOT template demonstrating the definition of parameters for key name, image ID, and instance flavor.

```yaml
heat_template_version: 2015-04-30

description: Simple template to deploy a single compute instance

parameters:
  key_name:
    type: string
    label: Key Name
    description: Name of key-pair to be used for compute instance
  image_id:
    type: string
    label: Image ID
    description: Image to be used for compute instance
  flavor:
    type: string
    label: Instance Type
    description: Type of instance (flavor) to be used

resources:
  my_instance:
    type: OS::Nova::Server
    properties:
      key_name: { get_param: key_name }
      image: { get_param: image_id }
      flavor: { get_param: flavor }


```

--------------------------------

### Execute stacktrain setup script for a specific release

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Run the stacktrain setup script, passing the OpenStack release name as an argument. This command is used to test specific versions like 'spike' or 'pike'.

```bash
bash st_setup.sh spike
```

```bash
bash st_setup.sh pike
```

--------------------------------

### Swift Subcommand: download

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/11-00-stockage-objet-openstack

Guide on using the `download` subcommand to retrieve objects from Swift containers.

```APIDOC
## GET /objects/{container_name}/{object_name}

### Description
Downloads objects from containers.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
`/{container_name}/{object_name}`

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **container_name** (string) - The name of the container.
- **object_name** (string) - The name of the object to download.

### Examples
```bash
swift download <container_name> <object_name>
swift download <container_name>
```
```

--------------------------------

### Create Cluster Start/Stop Script

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

A bash script to manage the starting and stopping of cluster nodes for KVM/QEMU or VirtualBox providers. Includes usage instructions and argument validation.

```bash
cat <<'EOM' > ~/start-stop-cluster.sh
#!/bin/bash
###########################################
#  program: start-stop-cluster.sh         #
#  Author: Diarmuid O'Briain              #
#  Copyright ©2017 C2S Consulting         #
#  License: www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt  #
###########################################
PROVIDER=''
  if [[ `echo "$0" | grep './'` ]]; then
      command=`echo "$0"|awk -F '/' '{print $2}'`
  else
      command=$0
fi
# Help function
function usage {
    echo -e "usage: $command <PROVIDER> <START | STOP>  help, -h, -help, --help\n"
    echo -e "PROVIDER:: kvm | vbox\n"
    echo -e "kvm = Kernel based Virtual Machine/Quick Emulator (KVM/QEMU)\n"
    echo -e "vbox = Oracle VirtualBox\n"
    echo -e "Start or Stop the Virtual Machines in the cluster\n"
    exit
}
# Arguments from the command line
if [[ $# -lt 1 ]]; then   # Deal with too few arguments
    echo -e "\nNot enough arguments\n"
    usage
elif [[ $# -gt 2 ]]; then   # Deal with too many arguments
    echo -e "\nToo many arguments\n"
    usage
elif [[ $1 =~ (-h|-help|--help|help) ]]; then   # Deal with request for help
    usage
elif [[ $1 =~ (kvm|vbox) ]] && [[ $2 =~ (start|stop) ]]; then   # Deal with legit option
    PROVIDER=$1
ACTION=$2
    echo -e "\nSelected provider is: $PROVIDER and the cluster will $ACTION\n"
else
    echo -e "\nNot an acceptable option\n"
    usage
fi
# Action nodes
if [[ $PROVIDER =~ 'kvm' ]] && [[ $ACTION =~ 'start' ]]; then
    echo -e "Powering up KVM/QEMU nodes\n"
    if ! [[ $(virsh net-list | egrep 'labs-mgmt|labs-provider'; echo $?) ]];then
        virsh -c 'qemu:///system' net-start 'labs-mgmt'
        virsh -c 'qemu:///system' net-start 'labs-provider'
    fi
    sleep 5
    virsh -c 'qemu:///system' start 'controller'
    virsh -c 'qemu:///system' start 'compute1'
elif [[ $PROVIDER =~ 'kvm' ]] && [[ $ACTION =~ 'stop' ]]; then
    echo -e "Powering down KVM/QEMU nodes\n"
    virsh -c 'qemu:///system' shutdown 'controller'
    virsh -c 'qemu:///system' shutdown 'compute1'
    sleep 5
elif [[ $PROVIDER =~ 'vbox' ]] && [[ $ACTION =~ 'start' ]]; then
    echo -e "Powering up VirtualBox nodes\n"
    vboxmanage startvm 'controller' --type headless
    vboxmanage startvm 'compute1' --type headless
    echo
elif [[ $PROVIDER =~ 'vbox' ]] && [[ $ACTION =~ 'stop' ]]; then
    echo -e "Powering off VirtualBox nodes\n"
    vboxmanage controlvm 'controller' poweroff
    vboxmanage controlvm 'compute1' poweroff
    echo
fi

```

--------------------------------

### Openstack Training Labs Project Structure

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Overview of the directory structure for the stacktrain project, which automates Openstack installation. Key directories include 'autostart' for startup scripts, 'config' for configurations, 'img' for images, 'lib' for libraries, 'log' for logs, 'scripts' for VM scripts, and 'wbatch' for Windows batch files.

```text
autostart : Les scripts shell osbash/wbatch (`*.sh`) dans ce dossier sont automatiquement exécutés et puis retirés au démarrage.
config : Contient les fichiers de configuration pour tous les scripts. C'est l'endroit de configuration.
img : Emplacement par défaut des images.
lib : Librairies utilisées par les scripts.
log: Contient tous les logs osbash/wbatch exécutés. `log/stacktrain.log`
scripts: Tous les scripts qui seront exécutés dans les VMs.
wbatch : Fichiers batch Windows générés par osbash.
```

--------------------------------

### Get QEMU/KVM Node Information (controller)

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Retrieves detailed information about the 'controller' virtual machine, including its ID, state, CPU usage, memory allocation, and security model. Requires root privileges.

```bash
stack@stacktrain05:~/labs$ sudo virsh dominfo controller
Id:             6
Name:           controller
UUID:           7f21ec82-7aba-4627-9612-f42c4b5d4500
OS Type:        hvm
State:          running
CPU(s):         2
CPU time:       926.2s
Max memory:     6291456 KiB
Used memory:    6291456 KiB
Persistent:     yes
Autostart:      disable
Managed save:   no
Security model: apparmor
Security DOI:   0
Security label: libvirt-7f21ec82-7aba-4627-9612-f42c4b5d4500 (enforcing)
```

```bash
stack@stacktrain05:~/labs$ sudo virsh snapshot-list controller
 Name                           Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
 controller_-_cluster_installed 2019-03-06 22:02:37 +0000 shutoff
```

--------------------------------

### Get QEMU/KVM Node Information (compute1)

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Retrieves detailed information about the 'compute1' virtual machine, including its ID, state, CPU usage, memory allocation, and security model. Requires root privileges.

```bash
stack@stacktrain05:~/labs$ sudo virsh dominfo compute1
Id:             7
Name:           compute1
UUID:           0118dad7-90ca-405a-bbf2-c2c09c61046c
OS Type:        hvm
State:          running
CPU(s):         4
CPU time:       379.7s
Max memory:     8388608 KiB
Used memory:    8388608 KiB
Persistent:     yes
Autostart:      disable
Managed save:   no
Security model: apparmor
Security DOI:   0
Security label: libvirt-0118dad7-90ca-405a-bbf2-c2c09c61046c (enforcing)
```

```bash
stack@stacktrain05:~/labs$ sudo virsh snapshot-list compute1
 Name                           Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
 compute-_cluster_installed 2019-03-06 22:02:37 +0000 shutoff
```

--------------------------------

### Stacktrain Deployment Model

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Describes the two-stage deployment process of the stacktrain script (`st.py`). It first builds a base image and then installs and configures a controller and a compute node for immediate use. This process is functional on Ubuntu 18.04 with VirtualBox 5.2.18.

```python
st.py
```

--------------------------------

### OpenStack Server Create Help

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/05-00-administration-openstack-1

Displays the help message for the `openstack server create` command, outlining all available options and parameters for launching an instance.

```bash
openstack server create --help
usage: openstack server create [-h] [-f {json,shell,table,value,yaml}]
                               [-c COLUMN] [--max-width <integer>]
                               [--fit-width] [--print-empty] [--noindent]
                               [--prefix PREFIX]
                               (--image <image> | --volume <volume>) --flavor
                               <flavor> [--security-group <security-group>]
                               [--key-name <key-name>]
                               [--property <key=value>]
                               [--file <dest-filename=source-filename>]
                               [--user-data <user-data>]
                               [--availability-zone <zone-name>]
                               [--block-device-mapping <dev-name=mapping>]
                               [--nic <net-id=net-uuid,v4-fixed-ip=ip-addr,v6-fixed-ip=ip-addr,port-id=port-uuid,auto,none>]
                               [--network <network>] [--port <port>]
                               [--hint <key=value>]
                               [--config-drive <config-drive-volume>|True]
                               [--min <count>] [--max <count>] [--wait]
                               <server-name>

```

--------------------------------

### Basic DevStack Local Configuration

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-02-openstack-lab-devstack

Configure network ranges, interface, and passwords for a basic DevStack setup. This `local.conf` file is essential for customizing the installation.

```ini
[[local|localrc]]
FLOATING_RANGE=192.168.1.224/27
FIXED_RANGE=10.11.12.0/24
FIXED_NETWORK_SIZE=256
FLAT_INTERFACE=eth0
ADMIN_PASSWORD=supersecret
DATABASE_PASSWORD=iheartdatabases
RABBIT_PASSWORD=flopsymopsy
SERVICE_PASSWORD=iheartksl
```

--------------------------------

### Ansible Playbook Tasks for OpenStack Provisioning

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-00-openstack-environnements-lab

Lists tasks for provisioning a Scaleway server for OpenStack, including initial setup, package installation, and virtualization software deployment.

```yaml
#ansible-playbook stacktrain.yml --list-tasks
#playbook: stacktrain.yml

  play #1 (all): SCALEWAY PROVISIONNING    TAGS: [start]
    tasks:
      Scaleway provisionning    TAGS: [start]

  play #2 (all): MOUNT /dev/sda1 ON /opt    TAGS: [mount]
    tasks:
      mount the additional block device    TAGS: [mount]

  play #3 (all): UPGRADE AND INSTALL NEEDED SOFTWARES    TAGS: [requs]
    tasks:
      Ensure en_US.UTF-8 locale exists    TAGS: [requs]
      upgrade all packages    TAGS: [requs]
      ensure dependencies are installed    TAGS: [requs]

  play #4 (all): REBOOT SCALEWAY SERVER    TAGS: [reboot]
    tasks:
      restart scaleway    TAGS: [reboot]

  play #5 (all): FINISH INSTALLATION    TAGS: [post]
    tasks:
      install missing linux kernel headers    TAGS: [post]
      install virtualbox    TAGS: [post]
      install kvm    TAGS: [post]
      Send SSH Key    TAGS: [post]


```

--------------------------------

### List QEMU/KVM Snapshots

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Lists all available snapshots for a QEMU/KVM virtual machine, showing their names, creation times, and states.

```bash
sudo virsh snapshot-list controller

```

```text
 Name                 Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
 controller_-_cluster_installed 2019-03-06 22:02:37 +0000 shutoff


```

--------------------------------

### Install OpenStack Packstack

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-04-openstack-rdo-packstack

Installs the necessary CentOS OpenStack Rocky repository and the openstack-packstack package. Updates the system before installation.

```bash
sudo yum install -y centos-release-openstack-rocky
sudo yum update -y
sudo yum install -y openstack-packstack
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Project Initialization Script

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/09-00-reseaux-openstack

Run the project initialization script with a specified project name argument.

```bash
bash -x /project_init.sh webapp
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize DevStack Environment

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/09-00-reseaux-openstack

Navigate to the devstack directory and source the openrc file to set up administrative credentials for OpenStack.

```bash
cd
cd devstack
. openrc admin admin
```

--------------------------------

### Take VirtualBox Snapshot

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-01-openstack-training-labs

Creates a new snapshot for a VirtualBox virtual machine. Provide a name and an optional description for the snapshot.

```bash
vboxmanage snapshot "controller" take "snap01-controller" --description "Initial controller snapshot"
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Container with Swift CLI

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/11-00-stockage-objet-openstack

Use the `swift post` command to create a new container. This is the first step before uploading any files.

```bash
stack@st-vbx-1:~/devstack$ swift post TestContainer
```

--------------------------------

### List Created OpenStack Flavors

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/04-00-infrastructure-openstack

Lists the instance flavors after creation, showing 'm1.nano' and 'm1.small' with their respective resource allocations.

```bash
osbash@controller:~$ openstack flavor list
+----+----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| ID | Name     |  RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public |
+----+----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| 0  | m1.nano  |   64 |    1 |         0 |     1 | True      |
| 1  | m1.small | 2048 |    1 |         0 |     1 | True      |
+----+----------+------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+


```

--------------------------------

### Configure Router with External Gateway and Route

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/09-00-reseaux-openstack

Creates a router named 'router1', sets an external gateway to 'provider', attaches the 'PRIV-SUBNET', and configures a default route to a specified gateway IP.

```bash
openstack router create router1
openstack router set --external-gateway=provider router1
openstack router add subnet router1 PRIV-SUBNET
openstack router set router1 --route destination=0.0.0.0/0,gateway=203.0.113.1
```

--------------------------------

### Clone DevStack Repository

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/03-02-openstack-lab-devstack

Clone the DevStack repository to your local machine to begin the installation process. Navigate into the cloned directory.

```bash
git clone https://git.openstack.org/openstack-dev/devstack
cd devstack
```

--------------------------------

### Comprehensive OpenStack Instance Launch Script

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/05-00-administration-openstack-1

This script automates the creation of flavors, keypairs, security group rules, and launching an instance with a volume. It includes functions to set environment variables and check for existing resources.

```bash
cat <<'EOM' > ~/instance_launch.sh
#!/bin/bash

KEYNAME='mykey-test'
VOLNAME='1GB-vol-test'
FLAVOUR='m1.nano'
IMAGE='cirros'
SSH_HOSTS_FILE='/home/osbash/.ssh/id_rsa'
INSTANCE="$IMAGE-test"

set_admin_vars () {
echo; echo "Setting admin-openrc variables"
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=demo_user_pass
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://10.0.0.11:35357/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
}

create_flavor () {
echo; echo "Creating flavour $FLAVOUR"
if grep -qvw "$FLAVOUR" <<< $(openstack flavor list -f value | awk '{print $2}') ; then
openstack flavor create --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 64 --disk 1 $FLAVOUR
else echo "The flavor exists already" ; fi
}

set_demo_vars () {
echo; echo "Setting demo-openrc variables"
export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=demo_user_pass
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://10.0.0.11:5000/v3
}

create_keypair () {
echo; echo "Creating keypair $KEYNAME and ~/$KEYNAME.pem file"
if [ ! -e "$SSH_HOSTS_FILE" ]; then
touch $SSH_HOSTS_FILE
openstack keypair create --public-key $SSH_HOSTS_FILE $KEYNAME > ~/$KEYNAME.pem
echo; echo "Restricting ~/$KEYNAME.pem access rights"
chmod 600 ~/$KEYNAME.pem
else echo "The key pair exists already" ; fi
}

set_security_group () {
echo; echo "Adding port 22 (SSH) and ICMP to default security group"
if grep -qvw 'tcp 0.0.0.0/0 22:22' <<< $(openstack security group rule list default -f value) ; then
openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 22 default
else echo "The SSH rule exists already" ; fi
if grep -qvw 'icmp 0.0.0.0/0' <<< $(openstack security group rule list default -f value) ; then
openstack security group rule create --proto icmp default
else echo "The ICMP rule exists already" ; fi
}

get_nic_uuid () {
NIC=$(openstack network list | grep provider | awk '{print $2}')
echo; echo "Extracting provider network UUID: $NIC"
}

launch_instance () {
echo; echo "Creating and launching instance $INSTANCE with:"
echo -e "\n\tFlavour: $FLAVOUR"
echo -e "\tImage: $IMAGE"
echo -e "\tNetwork UUID=$NIC"
echo -e "\tSecurity group: default"
echo -e "\tKey name: $KEYNAME\n"

openstack server create \
--flavor $FLAVOUR \
--image $IMAGE \
--nic net-id=$NIC \
--security-group default \
--key-name $KEYNAME \
$INSTANCE
}

waiting_active () {
echo -e "\nWaiting for instance $INSTANCE to become ACTIVE\n"
while [ "$(openstack server list | grep $INSTANCE | awk '{print $6}')" != 'ACTIVE' ]; do
printf ". "
sleep 2
done
}

final_message () {
echo; echo "Creating volume $VOLNAME"
openstack volume create --size 1 $VOLNAME
echo; echo "Adding volume $VOLNAME to VM instance $INSTANCE"
openstack server add volume $INSTANCE $VOLNAME
openstack volume list
echo; echo
}

set_admin_vars
create_flavor
set_demo_vars
create_keypair
set_security_group
get_nic_uuid
launch_instance
waiting_active
final_message
#END
EOM

```

--------------------------------

### YAML Dictionary Example

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/10-00-orchestration-openstack-iac

Shows a basic YAML dictionary structure where key-value pairs are defined using a colon and a space.

```yaml
# An employee record
martin:
  name: Martin D'vloper
  job: Developer
  skill: Elite
```

--------------------------------

### Verify KVM VM Running State

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/06-00-extension-openstack

Check the status of KVM virtual machines to confirm that the newly started VM is running.

```bash
 virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 9     compute2                       running
 -     compute1                       shut off
 -     controller                     shut off

```

--------------------------------

### OpenStack Image List JSON Output

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/05-00-administration-openstack-1

Example JSON output from listing OpenStack images, showing status, ID, and name for each image.

```json
[
  {
    "Status": "active",
    "ID": "9173ec36-6beb-4361-9446-021cf5dc8b9c",
    "Name": "cirros"
  }
]
```

--------------------------------

### List Block Devices

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/05-00-administration-openstack-1

Use `lsblk` to list block devices, their sizes, and mount points on the compute node. This helps in understanding the storage layout.

```bash
osbash@compute1:~$ lsblk
NAME                                                                   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                      8:0    0   9.8G  0 disk
|-sda1                                                                   8:1    0   8.8G  0 part /
|-sda2                                                                   8:2    0     1K  0 part
`-sda5                                                                   8:5    0   975M  0 part [SWAP]
sdb                                                                      8:16   0   125G  0 disk
|-cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool_tmeta                          252:0    0   120M  0 lvm
| `-cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool-tpool                        252:2    0 118.8G  0 lvm
|   |-cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool                            252:3    0 118.8G  0 lvm
|   `-cinder--volumes-volume--636110b5--9cf5--49cd--818a--92660148c247 252:4    0     1G  0 lvm
`-cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool_tdata                          252:1    0 118.8G  0 lvm
  `-cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool-tpool                        252:2    0 118.8G  0 lvm
    |-cinder--volumes-cinder--volumes--pool                            252:3    0 118.8G  0 lvm
    `-cinder--volumes-volume--636110b5--9cf5--49cd--818a--92660148c247 252:4    0     1G  0 lvm

```

--------------------------------

### Login with New OpenRC File Script

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/07-00-administration-openstack-2

This script creates a project, user, and role, then assigns the role to the user and project, preparing for login with a new openrc file.

```bash
client="dev"
openstack project create --description "$client Project" $client
openstack user create --password ${client}_password $client
openstack role create $client
openstack role add --user $client --project $client $client
```

--------------------------------

### Get KVM VM IP Address

Source: https://openstack.goffinet.org/06-00-extension-openstack

Retrieve the IP address assigned to a KVM VM by the default DHCP server. This is useful for connecting to the VM.

```bash
virsh net-dhcp-leases default
 Expiry Time          MAC address        Protocol  IP address                Hostname        Client ID or DUID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 2019-03-10 11:40:43  52:54:00:f3:f7:0f  ipv4      192.168.122.221/24        compute1        -

```