### Install and Enable SSH

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Commands to install, enable, and start the SSH server for remote access.

```bash
yum install openssh
```

```bash
systemctl enable sshd
systemctl start sshd
```

--------------------------------

### Enable and Start HTTPD Service

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Configure the httpd service to start automatically on server reboot and then start the service immediately.

```bash
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpd
```

--------------------------------

### Enable and start net-snmpd

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_bsd

Commands to enable the service at boot and start it immediately.

```shell
    sysrc snmpd_enable=YES
    echo 'snmpd_conffile="/usr/local/etc/snmpd.conf"' >/etc/rc.conf.d/snmpd
    service snmpd start
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Installation Directories

Source: https://docs.observium.org/config_options

Sets the base paths for temporary files, installation, HTML, RRD data, and logs.

```PHP
$config['temp_dir']      = "/tmp";
$config['install_dir']   = "/opt/observium";
$config['html_dir']      = $config['install_dir'] . "/html";
$config['rrd_dir']       = $config['install_dir'] . "/rrd";
$config['log_dir']       = $config['install_dir'] . "/logs";
$config['nagplug_dir']   = '/usr/lib/nagios/plugins';
```

--------------------------------

### Start Net-SNMP service on OpenBSD

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_bsd

Commands to start the netsnmpd daemon and enable it at boot.

```bash
/etc/rc.d/netsnmpd start
rcctl enable netsnmpd
```

--------------------------------

### Download and Install Observium

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Creates the installation directory and downloads the latest Community Edition tarball.

```bash
mkdir -p /opt/observium && cd /opt
```

```bash
wget http://www.observium.org/observium-community-latest.tar.gz
tar zxvf observium-community-latest.tar.gz
```

--------------------------------

### Download and Run Observium Install Script

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Manually download the Observium installation script using wget and then execute it.

```bash
wget https://www.observium.org/observium_installscript.sh
sudo bash ./observium_installscript.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Install wget on Debian/Ubuntu

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Install the wget utility if it is not already present on your system.

```bash
apt install wget
```

--------------------------------

### Start MySQL Server

Source: https://docs.observium.org/tuning

This command is used to start the MySQL server after configuration changes have been made.

```bash
service mysql start
```

--------------------------------

### Install RANCID and Subversion

Source: https://docs.observium.org/rancid

Install the necessary packages for RANCID and version control.

```bash
apt-get install rancid subversion
```

```bash
dnf install rancid subversion
```

--------------------------------

### Example sysDescr Strings

Source: https://docs.observium.org/developing/add_os

Common examples of sysDescr strings returned by various network devices.

```text
Juniper Networks, Inc. m320 internet router, kernel JUNOS 10.1R3.7 #0: 2010-07-10 05:44:37 UTC     builder@queth.juniper.net:/volume/build/junos/10.1/release/10.1R3.7/obj-i386/bsd/sys/compile/JUNIPER Build date: 2010-07-10 05:00:11 UTC Copyright (c) 1996
Redback Networks SmartEdge OS Version SEOS-12.1.1.12p1-Release
NetApp Release 8.1.2 7-Mode: Tue Oct 30 19:56:51 PDT 2012
ArubaOS (MODEL: Aruba6000), Version 6.1.3.10 (39813)
```

--------------------------------

### Install Monitoring Plugins on RedHat/CentOS/Fedora

Source: https://docs.observium.org/probes

Install the EPEL repository and the required monitoring plugins on RHEL-based systems.

```bash
yum install epel-release
```

```bash
yum install --skip-broken nagios-plugins-all
```

--------------------------------

### Perform API Requests

Source: https://docs.observium.org/api

Examples of various GET requests to retrieve device data and filter results.

```http
GET /api/v0/devices/
```

```http
GET /api/v0/devices/1/
```

```http
GET /api/v0/devices/test.company.com/
```

```http
GET /api/v0/devices/?os=ios
```

--------------------------------

### Hosts File Entry Example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/autodiscovery

Example of adding entries to the /etc/hosts file on Observium for device resolution. These entries map IP addresses to hostnames.

```bash
# IPaddress                     Hostname
192.168.186.1       device1.domain.com
192.168.186.2       device2.domain.com
```

--------------------------------

### Install Monitoring Plugins on Debian/Ubuntu

Source: https://docs.observium.org/probes

Install the standard monitoring plugin packages on Debian-based systems.

```bash
sudo apt install monitoring-plugins-basic monitoring-plugins-common monitoring-plugins-standard
```

--------------------------------

### Install net-snmp

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_bsd

Use the package manager to install the net-snmp utility.

```shell
    pkg install net-snmp
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Interface Alias in Debian/Ubuntu

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_linux

Example configuration for /etc/network/interfaces.

```text
# eth0: Transit: YourISP Inc. Leased Line
iface eth0 inet static
  ....
```

--------------------------------

### Sensor Discovery Output Example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/developing/add_mib

Example output from running the sensor discovery process, showing device information and sensor module details including OID processing.

```text
#####  Starting discovery run at 2022-04-04 14:37:26  #####

#####  starline.observium.org [780]  #####

 o OS Type              uec-starline
 o SNMP Version         v2c
 o Last discovery       2022-04-04 14:36:51
 o Last duration        0.92 seconds

#####  Module Start: sensors  #####

 o UEC-STARLINE-MIB     cpmAcInfTotLineCurrDemand [+] cpmAcInfLineCurrDemand [++++]

 o Duration             0.7934s

#####  starline.observium.org [780] completed discovery modules at 2022-04-04 14:37:27  #####

 o Discovery time       0.7966 seconds

#####  Finished discovery run at 2022-04-04 14:37:27  #####

 o Devices Discovered   1
 o Discovery Time       0.828 secs
 o Memory usage         20MB (peak: 20MB)
 o MySQL Usage          Cell[39/0.018s] Row[112/0.027s] Rows[40/0.018s] Column[1/0s] Update[1/0.003s] Insert[1/0.002s] Delete[1/0.001s]
 o RRDTool Usage
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Observium Configuration

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Commands to prepare the installation directory and initialize the default configuration file.

```bash
cd observium
```

```bash
cp config.php.default config.php
```

--------------------------------

### System Setup and Apache Configuration

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Commands to set up RRD directories, Apache logs, and a virtual host configuration.

```bash
 mkdir rrd
 chown apache:apache rrd
```

```apache
<VirtualHost *>
   DocumentRoot /opt/observium/html/
   ServerName  observium.domain.com
   CustomLog /opt/observium/logs/access_log combined
   ErrorLog /opt/observium/logs/error_log
   <Directory "/opt/observium/html/">
     AllowOverride All
     Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
     Require all granted
   </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
```

```bash
mkdir /opt/observium/logs
chown apache:apache /opt/observium/logs
```

--------------------------------

### Install and configure Net-SNMP on OpenBSD

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_bsd

Installation command and configuration file content for net-snmp on OpenBSD.

```bash
pkg_add net-snmp
```

```text
#  Listen for connections on all interfaces (both IPv4 *and* IPv6)
agentAddress udp:161,udp6:[::1]:161

#  Full view access
view   all         included   .1

#  Default access to full view
rocommunity community_string  default    -V all

#  System contact and location
syslocation Rack/Room/Building, Street, City, Country [GPSX,Y]
syscontact Contact Person <your@email.address>

#  Disk Monitoring
includeAllDisks  10%

# This line allows Observium to detect the host OS if the distro script is installed
extend .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.7890.1 distro   /usr/local/bin/distro

# This lines allows Observium to detect hardware, vendor and serial
extend .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.7890.2 hardware /sbin/sysctl -n hw.product
extend .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.7890.3 vendor   /sbin/sysctl -n hw.vendor
extend .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.7890.4 serial   /sbin/sysctl -n hw.serialno

# This line allows Observium to collect an accurate uptime
extend boottime /sbin/sysctl -n kern.boottime
```

--------------------------------

### Database API Example Queries

Source: https://docs.observium.org/developing/code_structure

Examples demonstrating how to use the database API functions for fetching, updating, deleting, and inserting data. The `parameters` array is used for safe value substitution.

```php
dbFetchRows('SELECT * FROM ports WHERE device_id = ?', array($device['device_id']));
dbUpdate(array('last_discovered' => array('NULL')), 'devices', '`device_id` = ?', array($device['device_id']));
dbDelete('device_graphs', "`device_id` = ? AND `graph` = ?", array($device['device_id'], $graph));
dbInsert(array('device_id' => $device['device_id'], 'graph' => $graph, 'enabled' => $value), 'device_graphs');
dbFetchCell("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `ports` WHERE `device_id` = ? AND `ifType` = 'adsl'", array($device['device_id']));
```

--------------------------------

### Install WMIC Binary

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_windows

Commands to download, extract, and move the static WMIC binary to the system path.

```bash
wget https://www.observium.org/files/wmic_1.3.16_static_64bit.tar.gz
tar zxvf wmic_1.3.16_static_64bit.tar.gz
mv wmic winexe /usr/bin
```

--------------------------------

### Configure OpenBSD snmpd.conf

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_bsd

Example configuration for /etc/snmpd.conf using SNMPv2c. Replace community_string with your own.

```text
# Default listens on all addresses for SNMPv3 only; "listen on" overrides this
# See snmpd.conf(5) for more options (tcp, alternative ports, trap listener)
#listen on 192.0.2.1                    # SNMPv3 on one specific address
#listen on 0.0.0.0 snmpv2c snmpv3       # All IPv4 addresses, both v2c + v3
#listen on :: snmpv2c snmpv3            # All IPv6 addresses, both v2c + v3
#listen on 127.0.0.1 snmpv2c            # IPv4 localhost only, v2c
listen on 0.0.0.0 snmpv2c

# Define a RO community if you use SNMPv2c (there is no default)
read-only community community_string

# At least one user must be defined to use SNMPv3
#user "user1" auth hmac-sha1 authkey "password123" enc aes enckey "321drowssap"
#user "user2" auth hmac-sha256 authkey "password456" enc aes enckey "654drowssap"

# Send traps from snmpd(8) to one or more receivers
#trap receiver nms.localdomain.local community PAV9kpE02gDPvAi source-address 192.0.2.1

# Adjust the local system information
system contact "Contact Person <your@email.address>"
system location "Rack/Room/Building, Street, City, Country [GPSX,Y]"

# Required by some management software
system services 74
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl on Debian/Ubuntu

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Install the curl utility if it is not already present on your system.

```bash
apt install curl
```

--------------------------------

### Update Observium Installation

Source: https://docs.observium.org/updating

Standard command to update the installation files and synchronize the database.

```text
svn update
```

```text
./discovery.php -u
```

--------------------------------

### BIND DNS Record Example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/autodiscovery

Example of adding DNS records for device resolution in BIND. Ensure these records match the hostnames configured on your devices.

```dns
device1      IN    A      192.168.186.1
device2      IN    A      192.168.186.2
```

--------------------------------

### Install xinetd Package

Source: https://docs.observium.org/unix_agent

Installs the xinetd service, which is an alternative to systemd for managing network services like the Observium agent.

```bash
sudo apt-get install xinetd

```

--------------------------------

### Automated Observium Installation with wget

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Use this command to automatically install Observium on Ubuntu and Debian systems using wget.

```bash
sudo bash <(wget -qO- https://www.observium.org/observium_installscript.sh)
```

--------------------------------

### QNap NAS-MIB Sensor Data Example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/developing/add_mib

Example of sensor data collected from a QNap NAS using its MIB, showing details like HDD description, temperature, model, and capacity.

```text
NAS-MIB::hdDescr.1 = STRING: "HDD1"
NAS-MIB::hdTemperature.1 = STRING: "41 C/105 F"
NAS-MIB::hdStatus.2 = INTEGER: ready(0)
NAS-MIB::hdModel.1 = STRING: "ST6000VN0001-1SF17Z"
NAS-MIB::hdCapacity.1 = STRING: "5.46 TB"
NAS-MIB::hdSmartInfo.1 = STRING: "GOOD"
```

--------------------------------

### API Parameter Examples

Source: https://docs.observium.org/graph_api

Commonly used parameters for configuring graph output.

```text
type=port_bits
```

```text
from=-8h
```

```text
to=now
```

```text
id=1,2,3
```

```text
height=300
```

```text
width=800
```

```text
device=1
```

```text
legend=no
```

```text
title=no
```

--------------------------------

### Install Postfix MTA on Ubuntu/Debian

Source: https://docs.observium.org/alerting_transports

Command to install the Postfix MTA, which is recommended for handling email notifications locally on the Observium server.

```bash
apt-get install postfix
```

--------------------------------

### Automated Observium Installation with curl

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Use this command to automatically install Observium on Ubuntu and Debian systems using curl.

```bash
sudo bash <(curl -Ls https://www.observium.org/observium_installscript.sh)
```

--------------------------------

### Memory Pool MIB Data Example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/developing/definitions

Example output from a memory pool MIB, showing index, name, utilization, and size metrics.

```Text
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolName.1 = STRING: memory
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolCurrentUtilization.1 = INTEGER: 42
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolLowestUtilization.1 = INTEGER: 29
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolLargestUtilization.1 = INTEGER: 65
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolSize.1 = INTEGER: 524288
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolUsed.1 = INTEGER: 219556
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolFree.1 = INTEGER: 304728
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolWarning.1 = INTEGER: 90
MY-MEMORY-MIB::myMemoryPoolCritical.1 = INTEGER: 100
```

--------------------------------

### WMI Query Output Example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_windows

Expected output format when a WMI query is successfully executed.

```bash
$ /usr/bin/wmic  --user='user' --password='password' --workgroup='OBSERVIUM' --delimiter=## --namespace='root\CIMV2' //win.server "SELECT Name FROM Win32_ComputerSystem"
CLASS: Win32_ComputerSystem
Name
WIN
```

--------------------------------

### Match Linux Swap Memory Pools

Source: https://docs.observium.org/alert_checker

Example configuration to target specific memory pools across Linux devices.

```text
1
2
```

```text
Device OS equals linux
Memory Pool Description match swap*
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Cron Jobs

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Example content for /etc/cron.d/observium to automate discovery and polling tasks.

```cron
# Run a complete discovery of all devices once every 6 hours
33  */6   * * *   root    /opt/observium/observium-wrapper discovery >> /dev/null 2>&1

# Run automated discovery of newly added devices every 5 minutes
*/5 *     * * *   root    /opt/observium/observium-wrapper discovery --host new >> /dev/null 2>&1

# Run multithreaded poller wrapper every 5 minutes
*/5 *     * * *   root    /opt/observium/observium-wrapper poller >> /dev/null 2>&1
```

--------------------------------

### Navigate to Observium Directory

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Change the current directory to the newly created Observium installation directory.

```bash
cd observium
```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Dependencies on Ubuntu 20.04 (PHP 7.4)

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Installs necessary packages for Observium on Ubuntu 20.04, including PHP 7.4 components, web server, database client, and monitoring tools.

```bash
apt install libapache2-mod-php7.4 php7.4-cli php7.4-mysql php7.4-gd php7.4-json php7.4-bcmath \
php7.4-mbstring php7.4-opcache php7.4-curl php-apcu php-pear snmp fping rrdtool whois \
mysql-server mysql-client subversion mtr-tiny ipmitool graphviz imagemagick apache2 \
python3-mysqldb python3-pymysql python-is-python3
```

--------------------------------

### Setup MySQL Database and Insert Schema

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Run the discovery script to set up the MySQL database and insert the default schema. Errors in SQL revisions are acceptable.

```bash
./discovery.php -u
```

--------------------------------

### Install snmp_passpersist

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_linux

Install the required Python package for ifAlias support.

```bash
sudo pip install snmp_passpersist
```

--------------------------------

### Insert data example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/developing/database

Insert a new device record into the devices table using an associative array.

```PHP
$data = [
  'hostname' => 'new_device.example.com',
  'sysName' => 'New Device',
  'os' => 'linux',
  'hardware' => 'x86_64',
  'version' => '1.0',
  'features' => 'N/A',
  'location' => 'Data Center 1'
];

$inserted_id = dbInsert($data, 'devices');
echo "Inserted device with ID: {$inserted_id}\n";
```

--------------------------------

### Install APCu Extension

Source: https://docs.observium.org/tuning

Install the APCu PHP extension for userspace caching.

```bash
aptitude install php-apcu
```

--------------------------------

### Manage OpenBSD snmpd service

Source: https://docs.observium.org/device_bsd

Commands to test configuration, enable, and start the default OpenBSD snmpd service.

```bash
/etc/rc.d/snmpd configtest

echo "snmpd_flags=" >> /etc/rc.conf.local

/etc/rc.d/snmpd start
```

--------------------------------

### PostgreSQL Agent Output Format

Source: https://docs.observium.org/apps

Example of the expected output format from the PostgreSQL monitoring script.

```text
<<<app-postgresql>>>
version:9.0
cCount:73
tDbs:27
tUsr:26
tHst:56
idle:68
select:1
update:4
delete:0
other:0
xact_commit:3877928925
xact_rollback:234675
blks_read:262519882524
blks_hit:364900385160
tup_returned:17779368975702
tup_fetched:55929009703
tup_inserted:545241370
tup_updated:417124828
tup_deleted:476435080
```

--------------------------------

### Add Initial Observium User

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Create the first user for Observium. Use a level of 10 for administrative privileges.

```bash
./adduser.php <username> <password> <level>
```

--------------------------------

### Install Agent Scripts in Local Directory

Source: https://docs.observium.org/unix_agent

An alternative method to enable agent scripts by placing them directly into the /usr/lib/observium_agent/local directory.

```bash
sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/observium_agent/local

scp /opt/observium/scripts/agent-local/os user@your_server:/usr/lib/observium_agent/local

```

--------------------------------

### Install rrdcached package

Source: https://docs.observium.org/rrdcached

Install the required rrdcached package using the apt package manager.

```bash
apt -q install rrdcached
```

--------------------------------

### Define PHP Arrays in Configuration

Source: https://docs.observium.org/config_options

Demonstrates two equivalent methods for initializing and appending to configuration arrays.

```PHP
$config['rancid_configs'] =  array("/var/rancid/network1/configs",
                                   "/var/rancid/network2/configs");
```

```PHP
$config['rancid_configs'][] = "/var/rancid/network1/configs";
$config['rancid_configs'][] = "/var/rancid/network2/configs";
```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Packages for RHEL/CentOS 7

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Installs core dependencies and updates the system for RHEL/CentOS 7.

```bash
yum update
```

```bash
yum install wget.x86_64 httpd.x86_64 php.x86_64 php-opcache.x86_64 php-mysql.x86_64 php-gd.x86_64 \
        php-posix php-pear.noarch cronie.x86_64 net-snmp.x86_64 net-snmp-utils.x86_64 \
        fping.x86_64 mariadb-server.x86_64 mariadb.x86_64 MySQL-python.x86_64 rrdtool.x86_64 \
        subversion.x86_64  jwhois.x86_64 ipmitool.x86_64 graphviz.x86_64 ImageMagick.x86_64 \
        php-sodium.x86_64
```

```bash
yum install libvirt.x86_64
```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Packages for RHEL/CentOS 8

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Installs core dependencies and configures Python for RHEL/CentOS 8.

```bash
yum install wget httpd php php-opcache php-mysqlnd php-gd php-posix php-pear cronie net-snmp \
            net-snmp-utils fping mariadb-server mariadb rrdtool subversion whois ipmitool graphviz \
            ImageMagick php-sodium python3 python3-mysql python3-PyMySQL
```

```bash
alternatives --set python /usr/bin/python3
```

```bash
yum install libvirt
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Libvirt Protocols

Source: https://docs.observium.org/config_options

Specify the protocols Observium should use to discover virtual machines. The order matters; the first successful protocol is used.

```php
$config['libvirt_protocols']    = array("qemu+ssh","xen+ssh");
```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Packages for RHEL/CentOS 9

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Installs the core dependencies required for Observium on RHEL/CentOS 9.

```bash
dnf install wget httpd php php-opcache php-mysqlnd php-gd php-posix php-pear cronie net-snmp \
    net-snmp-utils fping mariadb-server mariadb rrdtool subversion whois ipmitool graphviz \
    ImageMagick php-sodium python3 python3-PyMySQL -y
```

```bash
dnf install libvirt
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Multiple Static Sensors

Source: https://docs.observium.org/statics

Example of configuring multiple static sensors, including UPS temperature and battery voltage. Ensure correct device ID, class, OID, and description are provided.

```php
// UPS temperature sensors
$config['sensors']['static'][] = [
    'device_id' => '456',
    'class' => 'temperature',
    'oid' => '1.3.6.1.4.1.5491.2.7.1.2.1.1.1.8.0',
    'descr' => 'UPS Internal Temperature',
    'multiplier' => 1,
    'limit' => 60,
    'limit_warn' => 50
];

// Custom voltage monitoring
$config['sensors']['static'][] = [
    'device_id' => '456',
    'class' => 'voltage',
    'oid' => '1.3.6.1.4.1.5491.2.7.1.2.1.1.1.3.0',
    'descr' => 'Battery Voltage',
    'multiplier' => 0.1,
    'limit' => 14.4,
    'limit_low' => 10.8
];
```

--------------------------------

### Install RADIUS Module for PHP 5.6

Source: https://docs.observium.org/authentication

Commands to install and enable the PHP radius module on Ubuntu 14.04.

```Bash
sudo apt-get install php5-radius
 sudo cp /etc/php5/conf.d/radius.ini /etc/php5/mods-available/
 sudo php5enmod radius
 sudo service apache2 restart
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize RANCID Folder Structure

Source: https://docs.observium.org/rancid

Create the required directory structure for RANCID.

```bash
su - rancid
/var/lib/rancid/bin/rancid-cvs
```

```bash
su - rancid
rancid-cvs
```

--------------------------------

### PHP Fatal Error Log Example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/faq

Example of a memory exhaustion error message found in Apache logs.

```text
PHP Fatal error:  Allowed memory size of 134217728 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 92 bytes) in 
/opt/observium/includes/dbFacile.php on line 234, referer: https://observium/com/alert_check/alert_test_id=10/
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Apache Virtual Host for Observium

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Set up an Apache virtual host to serve the Observium web interface. Ensure the `/opt/observium/logs` directory exists and has appropriate write permissions for Apache.

```apache
<VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot /opt/observium/html/
  ServerName  observium.domain.com
  CustomLog /opt/observium/logs/access_log combined
  ErrorLog /opt/observium/logs/error_log
  <Directory "/opt/observium/html/">
    AllowOverride All
    Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
```

--------------------------------

### Telegram API Response Example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/alerting_transports

Example JSON response from the Telegram getUpdates API containing chat identifiers.

```json
{"ok":true,"result":[{"update_id":382866198,
 "message":{"message_id":2,"from":{"id":123456784,"first_name":"Mike","last_name":"Stupalov","username":"stupalov"},"chat":{"id":123456784,"first_name":"Mike","last_name":"Stupalov","username":"stupalov","type":"private"},"date":1459367993,"text":"\/start start"}},{"update_id":382866199,
 "message":{"message_id":3,"from":{"id":123456784,"first_name":"Mike","last_name":"Stupalov","username":"stupalov"},"chat":{"id":-487654321,"title":"TestGroup","type":"group"},"date":1459368048,"text":"\/start"}}]}
```

--------------------------------

### Perform Initial Discovery and Poll

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Run these commands to perform an initial discovery and polling cycle to populate data for new devices. Ensure the scripts are executable.

```bash
./discovery.php -h all
./poller.php -h all
```

--------------------------------

### Inspect Probe Plugin Help

Source: https://docs.observium.org/probes

View the command-line help documentation for a specific probe plugin to understand available arguments.

```bash
/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_pop -h
```

--------------------------------

### Install RADIUS Module for PHP 7.x

Source: https://docs.observium.org/authentication

Commands to install and enable the PHP radius module on modern Debian/Ubuntu systems.

```Bash
sudo apt install php-radius
 sudo phpenmod radius
 sudo service apache2 restart
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Active Directory STARTTLS

Source: https://docs.observium.org/authentication

Set STARTTLS behavior for the connection.

```PHP
$config['auth_ad_starttls'] = 'no';
```

--------------------------------

### Enable and Start Systemd Socket

Source: https://docs.observium.org/unix_agent

Reloads the systemd daemon, enables, and starts the Observium agent socket to manage agent connections.

```bash
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable observium_agent.socket
systemctl start observium_agent.socket

```

--------------------------------

### Add Initial Device to Monitor

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Add the first device to be monitored by Observium. Specify the hostname, community string, and SNMP version.

```bash
./add_device.php <hostname> <community> v2c
```

--------------------------------

### Configure MySQL/MariaDB Database

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Commands to enable the database service, set the root password, and create the required database and user for Observium.

```bash
systemctl enable mariadb
systemctl start mariadb
```

```bash
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '<mysql root password>'
```

```bash
mysql -u root -p
<mysql root password>
mysql> CREATE DATABASE observium DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON observium.* TO 'observium'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<observium db password>';
mysql> exit;
```

--------------------------------

### Manage Users and Devices

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Commands to add administrative users, monitor new devices, and perform initial data polling.

```bash
cd /opt/observium
./adduser.php <username> <password> <level>
```

```bash
./add_device.php <hostname> <community> v2c
```

```bash
./discovery.php -h all
./poller.php -h all
```

--------------------------------

### Kohler Generator Status Example

Source: https://docs.observium.org/developing/add_mib

Example of a status OID value from the Kohler GCon-MIB, indicating the generator controller's communication status.

```text
KohlerGCon-MIB::gconStatus.1 = INTEGER: good(1)
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Temporary Directory

Source: https://docs.observium.org/tuning

Command to create the temporary directory based on the systemd configuration.

```bash
systemd-tmpfiles --create /etc/tmpfiles.d/php-cli-opcache.conf
```

--------------------------------

### Compare SNMP GETBULK performance with different max-repetitions

Source: https://docs.observium.org/tuning

Examples demonstrating the time difference when using -Cr10 versus -Cr100 with snmpbulkwalk.

```bash
root@observium:/opt/observium# time snmpbulkwalk -v2c -Cr10 test.observium.org hrSWRunTable | wc -l
1577

real    0m22.206s
user    0m0.012s
sys     0m0.004s
```

```bash
root@observium:/opt/observium# time snmpbulkwalk -v2c -Cr100 test.observium.org hrSWRunTable | wc -l
1575

real    0m7.259s
user    0m0.012s
sys     0m0.000s
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Fping Path

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_rhel

Locate the fping binary and update the configuration file with the correct path.

```bash
[root@observium-centos observium]# which fping
/usr/sbin/fping
```

```bash
$config['fping'] = "/usr/sbin/fping";
```

--------------------------------

### Get Device Information via IRC

Source: https://docs.observium.org/irc_bot

Use the '!device' command in IRC to get basic information about a specific device. The bot will respond with details like OS, version, and uptime.

```irc
<you> !device switch01.foo.bar
<bot> id101 ios 12.2(33)SXH4 ADVENTERPRISEK9_WAN Up 263 days, 3h 45m 11s
```

--------------------------------

### Copy xinetd Configuration File

Source: https://docs.observium.org/unix_agent

Copies the example xinetd configuration file for the Observium agent to the server's xinetd directory.

```bash
scp /opt/observium/scripts/observium_agent_xinetd user@your_server:/etc/xinetd.d/observium_agent_xinetd

```

--------------------------------

### GET Endpoints - Fetching Data

Source: https://docs.observium.org/api

Observium provides various GET endpoints to retrieve network device information, alerts, and other metrics. These endpoints support filtering and pagination for efficient data retrieval.

```APIDOC
## GET /alerts/
### Description
Fetch Alerts. Supports filtering by `device_id`, `status`, `entity_type`, `entity_id`, and `alert_test_id`.
### Endpoint
`/alerts/` or `/alerts/<alert_id>`

## GET /alert_checks/
### Description
Fetch Alert Checks.
### Endpoint
`/alert_checks/` or `/alert_checks/<alert_check_id>`

## GET /address/
### Description
Fetch IPv4/6 addresses. Supports filtering by `af` (ipv4, ipv6), `device_id`, and `port_id`.
### Endpoint
`/address/`

## GET /bills/
### Description
Fetch Bills.
### Endpoint
`/bills/`

## GET /counters/
### Description
Fetch Counter data. Supports filtering by `group_id`, `device_id`, `counter_id`, `entity_id`, `entity_type`, `entity_state`, `counter_class`, `counter_descr`, and `counter_event`.
### Endpoint
`/counters/`

## GET /devices/
### Description
Fetch Devices. Supports filtering by `group`, `sysname`, `location`, `os`, `version`, `features`, `type`, `status`, `ignore`, `disabled`, and `graph`.
### Endpoint
`/devices/` or `/devices/<device_id>` or `/devices/<hostname>`

## GET /entity/<entity_type>/<entity_id>/
### Description
Fetch a single entity by its type and ID. This is a generic endpoint for any entity.
### Endpoint
`/entity/<entity_type>/<entity_id>/`

## GET /inventory/
### Description
Fetch inventory information (entPhysical). Supports filtering by `device_id`, `os`, `entPhysicalModelName`, `entPhysicalSerialNum`, `entPhysicalDescr`, `entPhysicalClass`, and `deleted`.
### Endpoint
`/inventory/`

## GET /mempools/
### Description
Fetch Mempools. Supports filtering by `group_id`, `device_id`, and `mempool_descr`.
### Endpoint
`/mempools/`

## GET /neighbours/
### Description
Fetch Neighbours. Supports filtering by `device_id`, `device_b`, `port_id`, `port_b`, `protocol`, `platform`, `version`, `active`, and `remote_port_id`.
### Endpoint
`/neighbours/`

## GET /ports/
### Description
Fetch Ports. Supports filtering by `location`, `device_id`, `group`, `disable`, `deleted`, `ignore`, `ifSpeed`, `ifType`, `hostname`, `ifAlias`, `ifDescr`, `port_descr_type`, `errors`, `alerted`, `state`, `cbqos`, and `mac_accounting`.
### Endpoint
`/ports/` or `/ports/<port_id>`

## GET /printersupplies/
### Description
Fetch Printer Supplies. Supports filtering by `group_id`, `device_id`, `supply_type`, `supply_colour`, and `supply_descr`.
### Endpoint
`/printersupplies/`

## GET /processors/
### Description
Fetch Processor information. Supports filtering by `group_id`, `device_id`, and `processor_descr`.
### Endpoint
`/processors/`

## GET /sensors/
### Description
Fetch Sensors. Supports filtering by `metric`, `group`, `group_id`, `device_id`, `entity_id`, `entity_type`, `sensor_descr`, `sensor_type`, `id`, and `event`.
### Endpoint
`/sensors/`

## GET /status/
### Description
Fetch Status. Supports filtering by `group_id`, `device_id`, `id`, `class`, and `event`.
### Endpoint
`/status/`

## GET /storage/
### Description
Fetch Storage information. Supports filtering by `group_id`, `device_id`, and `storage_descr`.
### Endpoint
`/storage/`

### Field Filtering
Some endpoints allow filtering results by field using the `fields` parameter (comma-separated list).

### Pagination
Some endpoints support pagination using `pagesize` and `pageno` parameters.
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Discovery Cron Jobs

Source: https://docs.observium.org/discovery

Standard cron configuration for running discovery and handling new devices.

```bash
33  */6   * * *   root    /opt/observium/observium-wrapper discovery >> /dev/null 2>&1
```

```bash
*/5 *     * * *   root    /opt/observium/observium-wrapper discovery --host new >> /dev/null 2>&1
```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Dependencies on Ubuntu 22.04 (PHP 8.1)

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Installs necessary packages for Observium on Ubuntu 22.04, including PHP 8.1 components, web server, database client, and monitoring tools.

```bash
apt install libapache2-mod-php8.1 php8.1-cli php8.1-mysql php8.1-gd php8.1-bcmath php8.1-mbstring \
php8.1-opcache php8.1-curl php-apcu php-pear snmp fping mysql-server mysql-client rrdtool subversion \
whois mtr-tiny ipmitool graphviz imagemagick apache2 python3-mysqldb python3-pymysql python-is-python3
```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Dependencies on Ubuntu 24.04 (PHP 8.3)

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Installs necessary packages for Observium on Ubuntu 24.04, including PHP 8.3 components, web server, database client, and monitoring tools.

```bash
apt install php8.3-cli php8.3-mysql php8.3-gd php8.3-bcmath php8.3-mbstring php8.3-opcache \
php8.3-curl php-apcu php-pear snmp fping mysql-client rrdtool subversion whois mtr-tiny ipmitool \
libvirt-clients python3-mysqldb python3-pymysql python-is-python3 libapache2-mod-php8.3 graphviz \
imagemagick mysql-server apache2
```

--------------------------------

### Enable Pseudowires Collection

Source: https://docs.observium.org/config_options

Enable collection of pseudowire statistics on supported hardware by setting this to 1.

```php
$config['enable_pseudowires']           = 1; # Enable Pseudowires
```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Dependencies on Ubuntu 26.04 (PHP 8.4)

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Installs necessary packages for Observium on Ubuntu 26.04, including PHP 8.4 components, web server, database client, and monitoring tools.

```bash
apt install php8.4-cli php8.4-mysql php8.4-gd php8.4-bcmath php8.4-mbstring php8.4-opcache \
php8.4-curl php-apcu php-pear snmp fping mysql-client rrdtool subversion whois mtr-tiny ipmitool \
libvirt-clients python3-mysqldb python3-pymysql python-is-python3 libapache2-mod-php8.4 graphviz \
imagemagick mysql-server apache2
```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Dependencies on Debian 11 (PHP 7.4)

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Installs necessary packages for Observium on Debian 11, including PHP 7.4 components, web server, database client, and monitoring tools. Uses MariaDB.

```bash
apt install libapache2-mod-php7.4 php7.4-cli php7.4-mysql php7.4-gd php7.4-json php7.4-bcmath \
php7.4-mbstring php7.4-opcache php7.4-apcu php7.4-curl php-pear snmp fping rrdtool whois \
mariadb-server mariadb-client subversion mtr-tiny ipmitool graphviz imagemagick apache2 \
python3-mysqldb python3-pymysql python-is-python3
```

--------------------------------

### Create MySQL Database and User (Debian)

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Commands to create a MySQL database and user for Observium on Debian systems. Ensure you replace '<db password>' with your desired password.

```sql
mysql -u root -p
<mysql root password>
mysql> CREATE DATABASE observium DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON observium.* TO 'observium'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<db password>';

```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Dependencies on Debian 12 (PHP 8.2)

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Installs necessary packages for Observium on Debian 12, including PHP 8.2 components, web server, database client, and monitoring tools. Uses MariaDB.

```bash
apt install libapache2-mod-php8.2 php8.2-cli php8.2-mysql php8.2-gd  php8.2-bcmath php8.2-mbstring \
php8.2-opcache php8.2-apcu php8.2-curl php-json php-pear snmp fping mariadb-server \
mariadb-client python3-mysqldb python-is-python3 python3-pymysql rrdtool subversion whois mtr-tiny \
ipmitool graphviz imagemagick apache2
```

--------------------------------

### Configure MySQL Credentials for Observium Agent

Source: https://docs.observium.org/apps

Create a PHP configuration file with MySQL credentials for the Observium agent. This file should contain the username and password for the monitoring user.

```php
<?php
  $mysql_user = 'observium_mon';
  $mysql_pass = '<observium_mon password>';
?>
```

--------------------------------

### Install Observium Dependencies on Debian 13 (PHP 8.4)

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Installs necessary packages for Observium on Debian 13, including PHP 8.4 components, web server, database client, and monitoring tools. Uses MariaDB.

```bash
apt install php8.4-cli php8.4-mysql php8.4-gd php8.4-bcmath php8.4-mbstring php8.4-opcache \
php8.4-apcu php8.4-curl php-json php-pear snmp fping mariadb-client python3-mysqldb python3-pymysql \
python-is-python3 rrdtool subversion whois mtr-tiny ipmitool libvirt-clients \
libapache2-mod-php8.4 graphviz imagemagick mariadb-server apache2
```

--------------------------------

### Check rsyslogd version

Source: https://docs.observium.org/syslog

Command to verify the installed version of rsyslogd.

```bash
rsyslogd -v
```

--------------------------------

### Create Observium Directory

Source: https://docs.observium.org/install_debian

Creates the directory structure for Observium and navigates into the parent directory.

```bash
mkdir -p /opt/observium && cd /opt
```

--------------------------------

### API Response Format

Source: https://docs.observium.org/api

Example of a JSON response returned by the API.

```json
{
  "status": "ok",
  "count": 2,
  "devices": {
    "277": {
      "device_id": "277",
      "hostname": "router-1.company.com",
      "sysObjectID": ".1.3.6.1.4.1.9.1.620",
      "sysDescr": "Cisco IOS Software, 1841 Software (C1841-IPBASE-M), Version 15.0(1)M4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)\r\nTechnical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport\r\nCopyright 
(c) 1986-2010 by Cisco Systems, Inc.\r\nCompiled Thu 28-Oct-10 15:40 by prod_rel_team",
      "version": "15.0(1)M4",
      "hardware": "CISCO1841",
      "features": "IPBASE",
      "os": "ios",
      ...
      <most device data removed for brevity>
    },
    "278": {
      "device_id": "278",
      "hostname": "router-b.company.com", }
      "sysObjectID": ".1.3.6.1.4.1.9.1.620",
      "sysDescr": "Cisco IOS Software, 1841 Software (C1841-IPBASE-M), Version 15.0(1)M4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)\r\nTechnical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport\r\nCopyright 
(c) 1986-2010 by Cisco Systems, Inc.\r\nCompiled Thu 28-Oct-10 15:40 by prod_rel_team",
      "version": "15.0(1)M4",
      "hardware": "CISCO1841",
      "features": "IPBASE",
      "os": "ios",
      ...
      <most device data removed for brevity>
    }
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### GET /alert_checks/{alert_check_id}

Source: https://docs.observium.org/api

Fetches details for a single alert checker.

```APIDOC
## GET /alert_checks/{alert_check_id}

### Description
Retrieves information about a specific alert checker.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/api/v0/alert_checks/{alert_check_id}/

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **alert_check_id** (integer) - Required - The unique identifier of the alert checker.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **status** (string) - Status of the operation
- **alert_check** (object) - The alert checker details

#### Response Example
{
  "status": "ok",
  "alert_check": {"alert_test_id": "12"}
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Application Counters

Source: https://docs.observium.org/statics

Example of configuring custom counters for application metrics like database queries or errors. Ensure correct device ID, class, OID, and description are provided.

```php
// Database query counter
$config['counters']['static'][] = [
    'device_id' => '101',
    'class' => 'counter',
    'oid' => '1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1.1.0',
    'descr' => 'Database Queries',
    'multiplier' => 1,
    'counter_unit' => 'qps'
];

// Custom error counter
$config['counters']['static'][] = [
    'device_id' => '101',
    'class' => 'errors',
    'oid' => '1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.2.1.0',
    'descr' => 'Application Errors',
    'multiplier' => 1
];
```

--------------------------------

### Get User ID

Source: https://docs.observium.org/developing/authentication

Return the unique identifier for the specified user.

```php
function auth_user_id($username)
```

--------------------------------

### Get User Level

Source: https://docs.observium.org/developing/authentication

Return the access level of the specified user.

```php
function auth_user_level($username)
```