LegalRuleML

https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/
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LegalRuleML is an OASIS standard that extends RuleML with formal features specific to legal norms,...
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### LegalRuleML Context Example (Normal Form)

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Associates a context with specific associations. Use this to define the scope and applicability of rules or other legal constructs.

```xml
<lrml:hasContext>
<lrml:Context key="ruleContext1">
<lrml:appliesAssociations keyref="#ascs1"/>
<lrml:inScope keyref="#stmt1"/>
</lrml:Context>
</lrml:hasContext>
```

--------------------------------

### Context Definition Example in LegalRuleML

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Illustrates a Context definition in normal form, specifying rule applicability and scope in LegalRuleML. This is a non-normative example.

```xml
<lrml:hasContext>
<lrml:Context key="ruleInfo1">
<lrml:appliesStrength iri="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#defeasible2"/>
<lrml:inScope keyref="#cs1"/>
</lrml:Context>
</lrml:hasContext>
```

--------------------------------

### LegalRuleML Association Example (Compact Form)

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Represents a simple association between a source and targets using compact XML. Useful for basic relationship definitions.

```xml
<lrml:hasAssociations>
<lrml:Associations>
<lrml:hasAssociation>
<lrml:Association>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref1"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#nev1"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#nev2"/>
</lrml:Association>
</lrml:hasAssociation>
</lrml:Associations>
</lrml:hasAssociations>
```

--------------------------------

### Define Context with Associations and Alternatives

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Use <lrml:Context> to describe characteristics linked to a rule. This example shows associations, alternatives, and scope applied to a context.

```xml
<lrml:Context key="Context1">
...
<lrml:appliesAssociations keyref="#assoc1"/>
<lrml:appliesAlternatives keyref="#alt2"/>
<lrml:inScope keyref="#ps1"/>
</lrml:Context>
```

--------------------------------

### LegalRuleML Comprehensive Context Example

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Defines a context with multiple attributes including source, temporal characteristics, modality, strength, authority, jurisdiction, associations, alternatives, and scope. Use for detailed rule context definition.

```xml
<lrml:hasContext>
<lrml:Context key="Context1">
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#sec504-clsc-pnt1"/>
<lrml:appliesTemporalCharacteristics keyref="#tblock1"/>
<lrml:appliesModality iri="/ontology/deontic/"/>
<lrml:appliesStrength iri="/ontology/defeasible"/>
<lrml:appliesAuthority keyref="#congress"/>
<lrml:appliesJurisdiction keyref="#us"/>
<lrml:appliesAssociations keyref="#assoc1"/>
<lrml:appliesAlternatives keyref="#alt2"/>
<lrml:inScope keyref="#s1"/>
</lrml:Context>
</lrml:hasContext>
```

--------------------------------

### Complex Alternatives with Multiple Targets

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

This example shows how lrml:Alternatives can reference lrml:Associations that apply to multiple targets. It demonstrates two association sets, each linking sources to one or more rules, and then grouping these associations as alternatives.

```xml
<lrml:Associations key="s1">
<lrml:Association>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref1"/>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref2"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#rule1"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#rule2"/>
</lrml:Association>
</lrml:Associations>
<lrml:Associations key="s2">
<lrml:Association>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref1"/>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref2"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#rule2"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#rule3"/>
</lrml:Association>
</lrml:Associations>
<lrml:Alternatives key="alt4">
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#s1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#s2"/>
</lrml:Alternatives>
```

--------------------------------

### LegalRuleML Association Example (Normal Form)

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Defines associations with temporal characteristics and targets in a more detailed, normal XML form. Use when temporal aspects are crucial.

```xml
<lrml:hasAssociations>
<lrml:Associations key="ascs1">
<lrml:hasAssociation>
<lrml:Association>
<lrml:appliesTemporalCharacteristics keyref="#tblock1"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#rule1"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#atom1"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#body1"/>
</lrml:Association>
</lrml:hasAssociation>
</lrml:Associations>
</lrml:hasAssociations>
```

--------------------------------

### Override Statement Example in LegalRuleML

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Demonstrates an OverrideStatement in normal form, used to specify overriding rules in LegalRuleML. This is a non-normative example.

```xml
<lrml:hasStatement>
<lrml:OverrideStatement>
<lrml:hasTemplate>
<lrml:Override over="#cs2" under="#cs1"/>
</lrml:hasTemplate>
</lrml:OverrideStatement>
</lrml:hasStatement>
```

--------------------------------

### Alternatives with Constitutive Statements

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

This example illustrates using lrml:Alternatives to group lrml:Statements, specifically ConstitutiveStatements, which represent different legal interpretations. It shows how multiple statements can be grouped under a single alternative.

```xml
<lrml:Alternatives key="alt3">
<lrml:fromLegalSources keyref="#ref1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#ss1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#ss2"/>
</lrml:Alternatives>
<lrml:Statements key="ss1">
<lrml:ConstitutiveStatement keyref="#ps1"/>
<lrml:ConstitutiveStatement keyref="#ps2"/>
</lrml:Statements>
<lrml:Statements key="ss2">
<lrml:ConstitutiveStatement keyref="#ps3"/>
</lrml:Statements>
```

--------------------------------

### Representing Legal Interpretations with Alternatives

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Use the lrml:Alternatives element to express different interpretations of legal norms. This example shows how to link to specific rules or associations representing these interpretations.

```xml
<lrml:Alternatives key="alt1">
<lrml:fromLegalSources keyref="#t1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#rule1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#rule2"/>
</lrml:Alternatives>
```

--------------------------------

### Define Temporal Characteristics in LegalRuleML

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Models legally-relevant temporal characteristics such as enforceability, efficacy, and applicability. Links a status development (e.g., Starts) to a specific time instant.

```xml
<lrml:TemporalCharacteristics key="tblock1">
<lrml:TemporalCharacteristic key="nev1">
<lrml:forStatus iri="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/ns/v1.0/vocab#Efficacious"/>
<lrml:hasStatusDevelopment iri="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/ns/v1.0/vocab#Starts"/>
<lrml:atTime keyref="#t1"/>
</lrml:TemporalCharacteristic>
<lrml:TemporalCharacteristic key="nev2">
<lrml:forStatus iri="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/ns/v1.0/vocab#InForce"/>
<lrml:hasStatusDevelopment iri="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/ns/v1.0/vocab#Starts"/>
<lrml:atTime keyref="#t2"/>
</lrml:TemporalCharacteristic>
</lrml:TemporalCharacteristics>
```

--------------------------------

### Alternatives with Legal Sources and Alternative References

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Defines a set of alternatives, referencing legal sources and other alternatives.

```xml
<lrml:Alternatives key="alt1">
<lrml:fromLegalSources keyref="#ls5"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#ps1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#cs2"/>
</lrml:Alternatives>
```

--------------------------------

### Alternatives with Legal Sources and Statement References

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Defines alternatives referencing legal sources and specific statements.

```xml
<lrml:Alternatives key="alt3">
<lrml:fromLegalSources keyref="#ref1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#ss1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#ss2"/>
</lrml:Alternatives>
```

--------------------------------

### LegalRuleML Context with Creation Date and Multiple Scopes

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Defines a context with a creation date and multiple in-scope elements. Useful for tracking rule provenance and applicability across different parts of a legal document.

```xml
<lrml:hasContext>
<lrml:Context key="ruleInfo4" hasCreationDate="#t1">
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#sec504-clsc-pnt2"/>
<lrml:appliesTemporalCharacteristics keyref="#tblock1"/>
<lrml:appliesStrength iri="/ontology/defeater"/>
<lrml:appliesAuthority keyref="#congress"/>
<lrml:appliesJurisdiction keyref="#us"/>
<lrml:appliesAssociations keyref="#assoc1"/>
<lrml:appliesAlternatives keyref="#alt2"/>
<lrml:inScope keyref="#rule1"/>
<lrml:inScope keyref="#rule4"/>
</lrml:Context>
</lrml:hasContext>
```

--------------------------------

### Define a Context for Alternatives

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Use a \"lrml:Context\" block to group Associations and constrain Alternatives. Metadata is specified in an external \"lrml:Association\" block referenced by @keyref.

```xml
<lrml:Context key="maternity-alts-ctxt">
<lrml:appliesAssociations keyref="#asn-alts"/>
<lrml:appliesAlternatives keyref="#maternity-alts"/>
</lrml:Context>
```

--------------------------------

### Apply Source Reference in LegalRuleML

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Use <lrml:appliesSource> to connect rules or rule fragments to legal sources or references using a keyref.

```xml
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#sec504-clsc-pnt1"/>
```

--------------------------------

### Define Associations in LegalRuleML

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Use <lrml:Associations> to group meta-information applied to multiple rules or rule portions. This example shows temporal parameters applied to two prescriptive statements, and authority/jurisdiction applied to others.

```xml
<lrml:Associations key="sourceBlock1">
<lrml:Association>
<lrml:appliesTemporalCharacteristics keyref="#tblock1"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#ps1"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#ps2"/>
</lrml:Association>
<lrml:Association>
<lrml:appliesAuthority keyref="#congress"/>
<lrml:appliesJurisdiction keyref="#us"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#ps1"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#ps3"/>
</lrml:Association>
</lrml:Associations>
```

--------------------------------

### LegalRuleML Constitutive Statement Example

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Represents a constitutive rule in LegalRuleML, used for defining terms and concepts within a jurisdiction. It specifies a strength and includes conditions in the 'if' part and an atomic formula in the 'then' part.

```xml
<lrml:Statements>
<lrml:ConstitutiveStatement key="ps1">
<ruleml:Rule key="ruleml:key1">
<lrml:hasStrength>
<lrml:DefeasibleStrength key="str1" iri="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#defeasible1"/>
</lrml:hasStrength>
<ruleml:if>
<ruleml:Atom key=":atom1">
</ruleml:Atom>
set of deontic formulas and formulas
</ruleml:if>
<ruleml:then>
<ruleml:Atom key=":atom1">
</ruleml:Atom>
set of deontic formulas and formulas
</ruleml:then>
</ruleml:Rule>
</lrml:ConstitutiveStatement>
</lrml:Statements>
```

--------------------------------

### Associate Multiple Legal Sources with a Rule

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Demonstrates associating multiple sources (<lrml:appliesSource>) with a single rule (<lrml:toTarget>) using <lrml:Association>.

```xml
<lrml:Association>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref1"/>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref2"/>

```

--------------------------------

### LegalRuleML Prescriptive Statement Example

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Represents a prescriptive rule in LegalRuleML, defining obligations, prohibitions, or permissions. It includes a strength attribute and specifies conditions in the 'if' part and a list of deontic formulas in the 'then' part.

```xml
<lrml:Statements>
<lrml:PrescriptiveStatement key="ps1">
<ruleml:Rule key="ex:key1">
<lrml:hasStrength>
<lrml:StrictStrength key="str3" iri="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#strict1"/>
</lrml:hasStrength>
<ruleml:if>
<ruleml:Atom key=":atom1">
</ruleml:Atom>
set of deontic formulas and formulas
</ruleml:if>
<ruleml:then>
<lrml:SuborderList>
list of deontic formulas
</lrml:SuborderList>
</ruleml:then>
</ruleml:Rule>
</lrml:PrescriptiveStatement>
</lrml:Statements>
```

--------------------------------

### Associating Sources with Rules for Alternatives

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

This snippet demonstrates how to use lrml:Associations to link legal sources to specific rules, which can then be referenced within lrml:Alternatives. It shows two distinct associations and how they are grouped under an alternative.

```xml
<lrml:Associations key="s1">
<lrml:Association>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref1"/>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref2"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#rule1"/>
</lrml:Association>
</lrml:Associations>
<lrml:Associations key="s2">
<lrml:Association>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref3"/>
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#ref2"/>
<lrml:toTarget keyref="#rule2"/>
</lrml:Association>
</lrml:Associations>
<lrml:Alternatives key="alt1">
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#s1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#s2"/>
</lrml:Alternatives>
```

--------------------------------

### Define Detailed Context for Rules

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Use <lrml:Context> to specify detailed metadata for rules, including source, temporal characteristics, strength, authority, jurisdiction, associations, alternatives, and scope. This example applies multiple attributes to rules rule1 and rule4.

```xml
<lrml:Context key="ruleInfo4" hasCreationDate="#t1">
<lrml:appliesSource keyref="#sec504-clsc-pnt2"/>
<lrml:appliesTemporalCharacteristics keyref="#tblock1"/>
<lrml:appliesStrength iri="/ontology/defeater"/>
<lrml:appliesAuthority keyref="#congress"/>
<lrml:appliesJurisdiction keyref="#us"/>
<lrml:appliesAssociations keyref="#assoc1"/>
<lrml:appliesAlternatives keyref="#alt2"/>
<lrml:inScope keyref="#rule1"/>
<lrml:inScope keyref="#rule4"/>
</lrml:Context>
```

--------------------------------

### Apply Strength in LegalRuleML

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Use <lrml:appliesStrength> to qualify the strength of a rule, referencing an ontology for defeasibility categorization.

```xml
<lrml:appliesStrength iri="/ontology/defeasible"/>
```

--------------------------------

### Alternatives referencing Associations

Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/legalruleml/legalruleml-core-spec/v1.0/os/legalruleml-core-spec-v1.0-os.html

Defines alternatives that reference sets of associations.

```xml
<lrml:Alternatives key="alt1">
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#s1"/>
<lrml:hasAlternative keyref="#s2"/>
</lrml:Alternatives>
```
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