CUDA Binary Utilities

https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/
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### __cu_demangle example output

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Output of the __cu_demangle example: fake mangled name returns null with status -2 (not a valid mangled id), real mangled name returns the demangled name with status 0 (success).

```text
fake_mangled_name:   result => (null)     status => -2
real_mangled_name:   result => clstmp01<cls01>::clstmp01_mf01()   status => 0

```

--------------------------------

### Boolean, single value, and list option examples

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Shows the three command-line option types: boolean (nvdisasm --print-raw), single value (nvdisasm --binary SM100), and list (cuobjdump --function). Boolean options take no argument; single value options appear at most once; list options may be repeated.

```bash
Boolean option : nvdisasm --print-raw <file>
Single value   : nvdisasm --binary SM100 <file>
List options   : cuobjdump --function "foo,bar,foobar" <file>

```

--------------------------------

### Example JSON output from nvdisasm -json

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Example of the JSON output from nvdisasm -json [-g] after beautifying. The output is minified by default; this sample shows the structure with ELF, SM, SchemaVersion, function entries, and source file directories.

```json
[
    {
        "ELF": {
            "layout-id": 4,
            "ei_osabi": 65,
            "ei_abiversion": 8
        },
        "SM": {
            "version": {
                "major": 9,
                "minor": 0
            }
        },
        "SchemaVersion": {
            "major": 13,
            "minor": 4,
            "revision": 0
        },
        "Producer": "nvdisasm V13.4.0 Build 12345",
        "Description": ""
    },
    [
        {
            "function-name": "matmul_kernel",
            "start": 0,
            "length": 13312,
            "other-attributes": [],
            "sass-instructions": [
                {
                    "opcode": "LDC",
                    "operands": "R1,c[0x0][0x28]",
                    "source-file-id": 0,
                    "source-line": 267
                },
                {
                    "opcode": "S2R",
                    "operands": "R0,SR_TID.X"
                },
                {
                    "opcode": "ULDC.64",
                    "operands": "UR20,c[0x0][0x198]"
                },
                {
                    "opcode": "USHF.R.S32.HI",
                    "operands": "UR5,URZ,0x1f,UR4",
                    "source-file-id": 2,
                    "source-line": 41
                },
                {
                    "opcode": "HGMMA.64x256x16.F32",
                    "operands": "R24,gdesc[UR8].tnspB,R24",
                    "source-file-id": 0,
                    "source-line": 416
                },
                {
                    "opcode": "EXIT",
                    "other-attributes": {
                        "control-flow": "True"
                    },
                    "source-file-id": 0,
                    "source-line": 267
                },
                {
                    "opcode": "IMAD.MOV.U32",
                    "operands": "R6,RZ,RZ,R12",
                    "source-file-id": 1,
                    "source-line": 55
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "function-name": "bar",
            "start": 13312,
            "length": 32,
            "other-attributes": [],
            "sass-instructions": [
                {
                    "opcode": "STS.128",
                    "operands": "[UR5+0x400],RZ"
                },
                {
                    "opcode": "RET.REL.NODEC",
                    "operands": "R18,`(matmul_kernel)",
                    "other-attributes": {
                        "control-flow": "True"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    {
        "directories": [
            "/path/to",
            "/path/to/triton/language"
        ],
        "files": [
            { "dir-idx": 0, "file": "hopper-gemm-ws.py" },
            { "dir-idx": 0, "file": "blackwell-gemm-ws.py" },
            { "dir-idx": 1, "file": "standard.py" }
        ]
    }
]

```

--------------------------------

### nvprune -arch sm_120 example

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Prunes libcublas_static.a to only contain sm_120 cubin. The resulting library will not run on any other architecture, so use only when building for a single architecture.

```bash
nvprune -arch sm_120 libcublas_static.a -o libcublas_static120.a

```

--------------------------------

### __cu_demangle example usage

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Example usage of __cu_demangle from nv_decode.h. It demangles a fake and a real mangled name, printing results and status codes. The function is thread-safe and the caller must free the returned memory.

```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "nv_decode.h"

int main()
{
  int     status;
  const char *real_mangled_name="_ZN8clstmp01I5cls01E13clstmp01_mf01Ev";
  const char *fake_mangled_name="B@d_iDentiFier";

  char* realname = __cu_demangle(fake_mangled_name, 0, 0, &status);
  printf("fake_mangled_name:\t result => %s\t status => %d\n", realname, status);
  free(realname);

  size_t size = sizeof(char)*1000;
  realname = (char*)malloc(size);
  __cu_demangle(real_mangled_name, realname, &size, &status);
  printf("real_mangled_name:\t result => %s\t status => %d\n", realname, status);
  free(realname);

  return 0;
}

```

--------------------------------

### cuobjdump --help

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html

Prints help information on this tool.

```APIDOC
## cuobjdump --help

### Description
Print this help information on this tool.

### Method
CLI

### Endpoint
cuobjdump --help

### Parameters
#### Command-Line Options
- **--help** (flag) - Required - Print help information.

### Request Example
```
$ cuobjdump --help
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Prints help information.
```

--------------------------------

### cuobjdump --options-file

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html

Includes command line options from specified file.

```APIDOC
## cuobjdump --options-file <file>,...

### Description
Include command line options from specified file.

### Method
CLI

### Endpoint
cuobjdump --options-file <file>,...

### Parameters
#### Command-Line Options
- **--options-file** (string) - Required - Comma-separated file paths containing command-line options.

### Request Example
```
$ cuobjdump --options-file options.txt
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Includes command-line options from the specified file.
```

--------------------------------

### cuobjdump --dump-resource-usage

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html

Dumps resource usage for each ELF. Useful in getting all the resource usage information at one place.

```APIDOC
## cuobjdump --dump-resource-usage

### Description
Dump resource usage for each ELF. Useful in getting all the resource usage information at one place.

### Method
CLI

### Endpoint
cuobjdump --dump-resource-usage

### Parameters
#### Command-Line Options
- **--dump-resource-usage** (flag) - Required - Dump resource usage for each ELF.

### Request Example
```
$ cuobjdump --dump-resource-usage
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Dumps resource usage for each ELF.
```

--------------------------------

### nvprune

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Command-line tool usage and options for nvprune.

```APIDOC
## nvprune

### Description
Prunes host object files and static libraries to only contain device code for the specified targets.

### Usage
```
nvprune [options] -o <outfile> <infile>
```

### Parameters
#### Input File
- **infile** (file path) - Required - The input file must be a relocatable host object or static library (not a host executable).

#### Output File
- **outfile** (file path) - Required - The output file will be the same format as the input file.

### Options
- **--arch <gpu architecture name>,...** (string) - Optional - Specify the name of the NVIDIA GPU architecture which will remain in the object or library. Short name: `-arch`.
- **--generate-code** (string) - Optional - Same format as nvcc `--generate-code` option; provides a way to specify multiple architectures which should remain. Only the 'code' values are used as targets to match. Allowed keywords: 'arch', 'code'. Short name: `-gencode`.
- **--no-relocatable-elf** (flag) - Optional - Don't keep any relocatable ELF. Short name: `-no-relocatable-elf`.
- **--output-file** (string) - Required - Specify name and location of the output file. Short name: `-o`.
- **--help** (flag) - Optional - Print help information on this tool. Short name: `-h`.
- **--options-file <file>,...** (string) - Optional - Include command line options from specified file. Short name: `-optf`.
- **--version** (flag) - Optional - Print version information on this tool. Short name: `-V`.

### Example
```
nvprune -arch sm_120 libcublas_static.a -o libcublas_static120.a
```

### Notes
- Either `--arch` or `--generate-code` must be used to specify the target(s) to keep.
- All other device code is discarded from the file.
- Targets can be either a `sm_NN` arch (cubin) or `compute_NN` arch (ptx).
```

--------------------------------

### nvdisasm -gi output with source line and inlining info

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Sample output of `nvdisasm -gi` for a kernel, showing SASS instructions with source line information and inlining info. The `//##` comments indicate the original source file and line, including inlined function calls. Use this to understand how `-gi` augments disassembly with line and inlining details.

```sass
//--------------------- .text._Z6kernali          --------------------------
    .section    .text._Z6kernali,"ax",@progbits
    .sectioninfo    @"SHI_REGISTERS=16"
    .align    128
        .global         _Z6kernali
        .type           _Z6kernali,@function
        .size           _Z6kernali,(.L_18 - _Z6kernali)
        .other          _Z6kernali,@"STO_CUDA_ENTRY STV_DEFAULT"
_Z6kernali:
.text._Z6kernali:
        /*0000*/                   IMAD.MOV.U32 R1, RZ, RZ, c[0x0][0x28] ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*0010*/                   UMOV UR4, 32@lo(arr) ;
        /*0020*/                   UMOV UR5, 32@hi(arr) ;
        /*0030*/                   IMAD.U32 R2, RZ, RZ, UR4 ;
        /*0040*/                   MOV R3, UR5 ;
        /*0050*/                   ULDC.64 UR4, c[0x0][0x118] ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 10 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*0060*/                   LDG.E R4, [R2.64] ;
        /*0070*/                   LDG.E R5, [R2.64+0x4] ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*0080*/                   LDG.E R0, [R2.64+0x8] ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*0090*/                   UMOV UR6, 32@lo(ans) ;
        /*00a0*/                   UMOV UR7, 32@hi(ans) ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 10 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*00b0*/                   IADD3 R7, R4, c[0x0][0x160], RZ ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*00c0*/                   IMAD.U32 R4, RZ, RZ, UR6 ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 10 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*00d0*/                   IADD3 R9, R5, c[0x0][0x160], RZ ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*00e0*/                   MOV R5, UR7 ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 10 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*00f0*/                   IADD3 R11, R0.reuse, c[0x0][0x160], RZ ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*0100*/                   IMAD.IADD R13, R0, 0x1, R7 ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 10 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 17 inlined at "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*0110*/                   STG.E [R2.64+0x4], R9 ;
        /*0120*/                   STG.E [R2.64], R7 ;
        /*0130*/                   STG.E [R2.64+0x8], R11 ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 23
        /*0140*/                   STG.E [R4.64], R13 ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/inline.cu", line 24
        /*0150*/                   EXIT ;
.L_3:
        /*0160*/                   BRA (.L_3);
.L_18:

```

--------------------------------

### cuobjdump --extract-ptx

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html

Extracts PTX file(s) name containing <partial file name> and saves as file(s). Use `all` to extract all files. To get the list of PTX files use -lptx option. Works with host executable/object/library and external fatbin. All `dump` and `list` options are ignored with this option.

```APIDOC
## cuobjdump --extract-ptx <partial file name>,...

### Description
Extract PTX file(s) name containing <partial file name> and save as file(s). Use `all` to extract all files. To get the list of PTX files use -lptx option. Works with host executable/object/library and external fatbin. All `dump` and `list` options are ignored with this option.

### Method
CLI

### Endpoint
cuobjdump --extract-ptx <partial file name>,...

### Parameters
#### Command-Line Options
- **--extract-ptx** (string) - Required - Comma-separated partial file names to extract. Use `all` to extract all files.

### Request Example
```
$ cuobjdump --extract-ptx all
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Extracts PTX file(s) and saves them as file(s).
```

--------------------------------

### cuobjdump --extract-elf

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html

Extracts ELF file(s) name containing <partial file name> and saves as file(s). Use `all` to extract all files. To get the list of ELF files use -lelf option. Works with host executable/object/library and external fatbin. All `dump` and `list` options are ignored with this option.

```APIDOC
## cuobjdump --extract-elf <partial file name>,...

### Description
Extract ELF file(s) name containing <partial file name> and save as file(s). Use `all` to extract all files. To get the list of ELF files use -lelf option. Works with host executable/object/library and external fatbin. All `dump` and `list` options are ignored with this option.

### Method
CLI

### Endpoint
cuobjdump --extract-elf <partial file name>,...

### Parameters
#### Command-Line Options
- **--extract-elf** (string) - Required - Comma-separated partial file names to extract. Use `all` to extract all files.

### Request Example
```
$ cuobjdump --extract-elf all
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Extracts ELF file(s) and saves them as file(s).
```

--------------------------------

### nvprune basic usage

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Basic usage of nvprune. Accepts a single input file and emits a new output file. The input must be a relocatable host object or static library, not a host executable.

```bash
nvprune [options] -o <outfile> <infile>

```

--------------------------------

### Sample cuobjdump -ptx -sass output

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Sample output of cuobjdump -ptx -sass on add.o, showing the fatbin ELF header, target architecture sm_100, and the SASS disassembly for the function _Z3addPfS_S_.

```bash
$ cuobjdump -ptx -sass add.o

Fatbin elf code:
================
arch = sm_100
code version = [1,8]
host = linux
compile_size = 64bit

     code for sm_100
     .target sm_100

             Function : _Z3addPfS_S_
     .headerflags    @"EF_CUDA_SM100 EF_CUDA_VIRTUAL_SM(EF_CUDA_SM100)"
     /*0000*/                   LDC R1, c[0x0][0x37c] ;       /* 0x0000df00ff017b82 */
                                                              /* 0x000fe20000000800 */
     /*0010*/                   S2R R9, SR_TID.X ;            /* 0x0000000000097919 */
                                                              /* 0x000e2e0000002100 */
     /*0020*/                   S2UR UR6, SR_CTAID.X ;        /* 0x00000000000679c3 */
                                                              /* 0x000e220000002500 */
     /*0030*/                   LDCU.64 UR4, c[0x0][0x358] ;  /* 0x00006b00ff0477ac */
                                                              /* 0x000e6e0008000a00 */
     /*0040*/                   LDC R0, c[0x0][0x360] ;       /* 0x0000d800ff007b82 */
                                                              /* 0x000e300000000800 */
     /*0050*/                   LDC.64 R2, c[0x0][0x380] ;    /* 0x0000e000ff027b82 */
                                                              /* 0x000eb00000000a00 */
     /*0060*/                   LDC.64 R4, c[0x0][0x388] ;    /* 0x0000e200ff047b82 */
                                                              /* 0x000ee20000000a00 */
     /*0070*/                   IMAD R9, R0, UR6, R9 ;        /* 0x0000000600097c24 */
                                                              /* 0x001fce000f8e0209 */
     /*0080*/                   LDC.64 R6, c[0x0][0x390] ;    /* 0x0000e400ff067b82 */
                                                              /* 0x000e220000000a00 */
     /*0090*/                   IMAD.WIDE R2, R9, 0x4, R2 ;   /* 0x0000000409027825 */
                                                              /* 0x004fcc00078e0202 */
     /*00a0*/                   LDG.E R2, desc[UR4][R2.64] ;  /* 0x0000000402027981 */
                                                              /* 0x002ea2000c1e1900 */
     /*00b0*/                   IMAD.WIDE R4, R9, 0x4, R4 ;   /* 0x0000000409047825 */
                                                              /* 0x008fcc00078e0204 */
     /*00c0*/                   LDG.E R5, desc[UR4][R4.64] ;  /* 0x0000000404057981 */
                                                              /* 0x000ea2000c1e1900 */
     /*00d0*/                   IMAD.WIDE R6, R9, 0x4, R6 ;   /* 0x0000000409067825 */
                                                              /* 0x001fc800078e0206 */
     /*00e0*/                   FADD R9, R2, R5 ;             /* 0x0000000502097221 */
                                                              /* 0x004fca0000000000 */
     /*00f0*/                   STG.E desc[UR4][R6.64], R9 ;  /* 0x0000000906007986 */
                                                              /* 0x000fe2000c101904 */
     /*0100*/                   EXIT ;                        /* 0x000000000000794d */
                                                              /* 0x000fea0003800000 */
     /*0110*/                   BRA 0x110;                    /* 0xfffffffc00fc7947 */
                                                              /* 0x000fc0000383ffff */
     /*0120*/                   NOP;                          /* 0x0000000000007918 */

```

--------------------------------

### cuobjdump --extract-text

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html

Extracts text binary encoding file(s) name containing <partial file name> and saves as file(s). Use ‘all’ to extract all files. To get the list of text binary encoding use -ltext option. All ‘dump’ and ‘list’ options are ignored with this option.

```APIDOC
## cuobjdump --extract-text <partial file name>,...

### Description
Extract text binary encoding file(s) name containing <partial file name> and save as file(s). Use ‘all’ to extract all files. To get the list of text binary encoding use -ltext option. All ‘dump’ and ‘list’ options are ignored with this option.

### Method
CLI

### Endpoint
cuobjdump --extract-text <partial file name>,...

### Parameters
#### Command-Line Options
- **--extract-text** (string) - Required - Comma-separated partial file names to extract. Use `all` to extract all files.

### Request Example
```
$ cuobjdump --extract-text all
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Extracts text binary encoding file(s) and saves them as file(s).
```

--------------------------------

### cuobjdump --list-elf

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html

Lists all the ELF files available in the fatbin. Works with host executable/object/library and external fatbin. All other options are ignored with this flag. This can be used to select particular ELF with -xelf option later.

```APIDOC
## cuobjdump --list-elf

### Description
List all the ELF files available in the fatbin. Works with host executable/object/library and external fatbin. All other options are ignored with this flag. This can be used to select particular ELF with -xelf option later.

### Method
CLI

### Endpoint
cuobjdump --list-elf

### Parameters
#### Command-Line Options
- **--list-elf** (flag) - Required - List all ELF files.

### Request Example
```
$ cuobjdump --list-elf
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Lists all ELF files available in the fatbin.
```

--------------------------------

### cuobjdump a.out -xelf all - Extract all cubin files

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Extracts all cubin files from the host binary a.out using the -xelf all option. The output shows the extraction of four cubin files.

```bash
$ cuobjdump a.out -xelf all
Extracting ELF file    1: add_new.sm_100.cubin
Extracting ELF file    2: add_new.sm_120.cubin
Extracting ELF file    3: add_old.sm_100.cubin
Extracting ELF file    4: add_old.sm_120.cubin

```

--------------------------------

### Dump resource usage with cuobjdump -res-usage

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Use this command to dump common and per-function resource usage information for a cubin file. The output shows resource usage for common resources and each function, with REG, TEXTURE, SURFACE, and SAMPLER values as counts and other resources as bytes.

```bash
$ cuobjdump test.cubin -res-usage

Resource usage:
 Common:
  GLOBAL:56 CONSTANT[3]:28
 Function calculate:
  REG:24 STACK:8 SHARED:0 LOCAL:0 CONSTANT[0]:472 CONSTANT[2]:24 TEXTURE:0 SURFACE:0 SAMPLER:0
 Function mysurf_func:
  REG:38 STACK:8 SHARED:4 LOCAL:0 CONSTANT[0]:532 TEXTURE:8 SURFACE:7 SAMPLER:0
 Function mytexsampler_func:
  REG:42 STACK:0 SHARED:0 LOCAL:0 CONSTANT[0]:472 TEXTURE:4 SURFACE:0 SAMPLER:1
```

--------------------------------

### cuobjdump --list-ptx

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html

Lists all the PTX files available in the fatbin. Works with host executable/object/library and external fatbin. All other options are ignored with this flag. This can be used to select particular PTX with -xptx option later.

```APIDOC
## cuobjdump --list-ptx

### Description
List all the PTX files available in the fatbin. Works with host executable/object/library and external fatbin. All other options are ignored with this flag. This can be used to select particular PTX with -xptx option later.

### Method
CLI

### Endpoint
cuobjdump --list-ptx

### Parameters
#### Command-Line Options
- **--list-ptx** (flag) - Required - List all PTX files.

### Request Example
```
$ cuobjdump --list-ptx
```

### Response
#### Success Response
Lists all PTX files available in the fatbin.
```

--------------------------------

### nvdisasm -g sample output with source line info

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Sample output from `nvdisasm -g` showing SASS instructions with source line annotations (e.g., `//## File ... line 25`). The output includes the kernel entry, register usage, and calls to `_Z3fooi` and `_Z3bari`.

```sass
//--------------------- .text._Z6kernali          --------------------------
        .section        .text._Z6kernali,"ax",@progbits
        .sectioninfo    @"SHI_REGISTERS=24"
        .align  128
        .global         _Z6kernali
        .type           _Z6kernali,@function
        .size           _Z6kernali,(.L_4 - _Z6kernali)
        .other          _Z6kernali,@"STO_CUDA_ENTRY STV_DEFAULT"
_Z6kernali:
.text._Z6kernali:
        /*0000*/                   MOV R1, c[0x0][0x28] ;
        /*0010*/                   NOP;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/sample/sample.cu", line 25
        /*0020*/                   MOV R0, 0x160 ;
        /*0030*/                   LDC R0, c[0x0][R0] ;
        /*0040*/                   MOV R0, R0 ;
        /*0050*/                   MOV R2, R0 ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/sample/sample.cu", line 26
        /*0060*/                   MOV R4, R2 ;
        /*0070*/                   MOV R20, 32@lo((_Z6kernali + .L_1@srel)) ;
        /*0080*/                   MOV R21, 32@hi((_Z6kernali + .L_1@srel)) ;
        /*0090*/                   CALL.ABS.NOINC `(_Z3fooi) ;
.L_1:
        /*00a0*/                   MOV R0, R4 ;
        /*00b0*/                   MOV R4, R2 ;
        /*00c0*/                   MOV R2, R0 ;
        /*00d0*/                   MOV R20, 32@lo((_Z6kernali + .L_2@srel)) ;
        /*00e0*/                   MOV R21, 32@hi((_Z6kernali + .L_2@srel)) ;
        /*00f0*/                   CALL.ABS.NOINC `(_Z3bari) ;
.L_2:
        /*0100*/                   MOV R4, R4 ;
        /*0110*/                   IADD3 R4, R2, R4, RZ ;
        /*0120*/                   MOV R2, 32@lo(arr) ;
        /*0130*/                   MOV R3, 32@hi(arr) ;
        /*0140*/                   MOV R2, R2 ;
        /*0150*/                   MOV R3, R3 ;
        /*0160*/                   ST.E.SYS [R2], R4 ;
    //## File "/home/user/cuda/sample/sample.cu", line 27
        /*0170*/                   ERRBAR ;
        /*0180*/                   EXIT ;
.L_3:
        /*0190*/                   BRA `(.L_3);
.L_4:

```

--------------------------------

### nvdisasm basic usage

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Basic command-line usage for nvdisasm. It accepts a single input cubin file each time it is run.

```bash
nvdisasm [options] <input cubin file>

```

--------------------------------

### Instruction Set Format for NVIDIA Ampere GPU and Ada

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Shows the general format for NVIDIA Ampere GPU and Ada instruction set instructions. Placeholders indicate the opcode, destination, and source operands.

```text
(instruction) (destination) (source1), (source2) ...

```

--------------------------------

### Generate Control Flow Graph PNG with nvdisasm and Graphviz

Source: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-binary-utilities/index.html#blackwell-instruction-set

Generates a PNG image (cfg.png) of the control flow of the cubin file a.cubin by piping nvdisasm output to Graphviz's dot command.

```bash
nvdisasm -cfg a.cubin | dot -ocfg.png -Tpng

```
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