### Install and Start Applications

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d6/d3c/wifi-sleep_8cc_source.html

Installs OnOff applications and packet sinks on specified nodes and starts them at a given time. Applications are started at 0.01 seconds and stopped at a specified duration.

```c++
apps = onOff.Install(c.Get(0));
apps.Start(Seconds(0.01));
apps.Stop(duration);

// Create a packet sink to receive these packets
PacketSinkHelper sink(transportProto, InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 9001));
apps = sink.Install(c.Get(1));
apps.Start(Seconds(0.01));
apps.Stop(duration);
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function Setup for Sixth Example

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d5/dcc/sixth_8cc_source.html

Initializes the ns-3 simulation environment, parses command-line arguments, and sets up the network topology for the sixth tutorial example.

```c++
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start UDP Client Application

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d4/d99/wifi-80211e-txop_8cc_source.html

Installs and starts an OnOff UDP client application on a specified Wi-Fi station node.

```c++
ApplicationContainer clientAppB = clientB.Install(wifiStaNodes.Get(1));
clientAppB.Start(Seconds(1));
clientAppB.Stop(simulationTime + Seconds(1));
```

--------------------------------

### ns-3 Main Simulation Setup

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d9/d41/main-simple_8cc_source.html

Sets up a basic ns-3 simulation. It creates a node, installs the internet stack, configures UDP sockets for sending and receiving, and starts the simulation. This is a foundational example for running ns-3 simulations.

```c++
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
 CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
 cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

 NodeContainer c;
 c.Create(1);

 InternetStackHelper internet;
 internet.Install(c);

 TypeId tid = TypeId::LookupByName("ns3::UdpSocketFactory");
 Ptr<Socket> sink = Socket::CreateSocket(c.Get(0), tid);
 InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 80);
 sink->Bind(local);

 Ptr<Socket> source = Socket::CreateSocket(c.Get(0), tid);
 InetSocketAddress remote = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetLoopback(), 80);
 source->Connect(remote);

 GenerateTraffic(source, 500);
 sink->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&SocketPrinter));

 Simulator::Run();

 Simulator::Destroy();

 return 0;
}
```

--------------------------------

### TutorialApp::Setup()

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d0/d58/classns3_1_1_tutorial_app.html

Sets up the socket, destination address, packet size, number of packets, and data rate for the application.

```APIDOC
## ◆ Setup()
void TutorialApp::Setup  | ( | Ptr< Socket > | _socket_ ,   
---|---|---
|  | Address | _address_ ,   
|  | uint32_t | _packetSize_ ,   
|  | uint32_t | _nPackets_ ,   
|  | DataRate | _dataRate_ )  
Setup the socket.  

Parameters
     socket| The socket.   
---|---
address| The destination address.   
packetSize| The packet size to transmit.   
nPackets| The number of packets to transmit.   
dataRate| the data rate to use.   
Definition at line 40 of file tutorial-app.cc.
References m_dataRate, m_nPackets, m_packetSize, m_peer, m_socket, and packetSize.
```

--------------------------------

### TutorialApp Setup Method

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d1/de6/tutorial-app_8cc_source.html

Configures the TutorialApp with necessary parameters for network communication, including the socket, peer address, packet size, number of packets, and data rate.

```cc
void
TutorialApp::Setup(Ptr<Socket> socket,
 Address address,
 uint32_t packetSize,
 uint32_t nPackets,
 DataRate dataRate)
{
 m_socket = socket;
 m_peer = address;
 m_packetSize = packetSize;
 m_nPackets = nPackets;
 m_dataRate = dataRate;
}

```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start UDP Echo Applications

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/db/d9e/lte-test-ipv6-routing_8cc_source.html

Installs and starts UDP echo servers on specific nodes and UDP echo clients on UEs. This setup is used to test network connectivity and packet transmission.

```c++
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer1(10);
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer2(11);
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer3(12);

ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer1.Install(remoteHost);
serverApps.Add(echoServer2.Install(ueNodes.Get(1)));
serverApps.Add(echoServer3.Install(ueNodes.Get(2)));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(4));
serverApps.Stop(Seconds(12));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient1(m_remoteHostAddr, 10);
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient2(m_ueIpIface.GetAddress(1, 1), 11);
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient3(m_ueIpIface.GetAddress(2, 1), 12);

echoClient1.SetAttribute("MaxPackets", UintegerValue(1000));
echoClient1.SetAttribute("Interval", TimeValue(Seconds(0.2)));
echoClient1.SetAttribute("PacketSize", UintegerValue(1024));

echoClient2.SetAttribute("MaxPackets", UintegerValue(1000));
echoClient2.SetAttribute("Interval", TimeValue(Seconds(0.2)));
echoClient2.SetAttribute("PacketSize", UintegerValue(1024));

echoClient3.SetAttribute("MaxPackets", UintegerValue(1000));
echoClient3.SetAttribute("Interval", TimeValue(Seconds(0.2)));
echoClient3.SetAttribute("PacketSize", UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApps1 = echoClient1.Install(ueNodes.Get(0));
ApplicationContainer clientApps2 = echoClient2.Install(ueNodes.Get(0));
ApplicationContainer clientApps3 = echoClient3.Install(ueNodes.Get(0));

clientApps1.Start(Seconds(4));
clientApps1.Stop(Seconds(6));

clientApps2.Start(Seconds(6.1));
clientApps2.Stop(Seconds(8));

clientApps3.Start(Seconds(8.1));
clientApps3.Stop(Seconds(10));
```

--------------------------------

### Setup Network and Routing

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d4/df3/nix-simple-multi-address_8cc_source.html

Configures network nodes, point-to-point links, and installs the Nix vector routing protocol. This is the initial setup for the simulation.

```c++
using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("NixSimpleMultiAddressExample");

int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
  cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

  LogComponentEnable("UdpEchoClientApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
  LogComponentEnable("UdpEchoServerApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);

  NodeContainer nodes12;
  nodes12.Create(2);

  NodeContainer nodes23;
  nodes23.Add(nodes12.Get(1));
  nodes23.Create(1);

  NodeContainer nodes34;
  nodes34.Add(nodes23.Get(1));
  nodes34.Create(1);

  PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
  pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute("DataRate", StringValue("5Mbps"));
  pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute("Delay", StringValue("2ms"));

  NodeContainer allNodes = NodeContainer(nodes12, nodes23.Get(1), nodes34.Get(1));

  // NixHelper to install nix-vector routing
  // on all nodes
  Ipv4NixVectorHelper nixRouting;
  InternetStackHelper stack;
  stack.SetRoutingHelper(nixRouting); // has effect on the next Install ()
  stack.Install(allNodes);

  NetDeviceContainer devices12;
  NetDeviceContainer devices23;
  NetDeviceContainer devices34;
  devices12 = pointToPoint.Install(nodes12);
  devices23 = pointToPoint.Install(nodes23);
  devices34 = pointToPoint.Install(nodes34);

  Ipv4AddressHelper address1;
  address1.SetBase("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
  Ipv4AddressHelper address2;
  address2.SetBase("10.1.2.0", "255.255.255.0");
  Ipv4AddressHelper address3;
  address3.SetBase("10.1.3.0", "255.255.255.0");
  Ipv4AddressHelper address4;
  address4.SetBase("10.2.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
  Ipv4AddressHelper address5;
  address5.SetBase("10.2.3.0", "255.255.255.0");

  address1.Assign(devices12);
  address2.Assign(devices23);
  Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces34 = address3.Assign(devices34);
  Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces12 = address4.Assign(devices12);

  UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(9);

  ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes34.Get(1));
  serverApps.Start(Seconds(1));
  serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10));

  // Set the destination address as 10.1.3.2
  UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces34.GetAddress(1), 9);
  echoClient.SetAttribute("MaxPackets", UintegerValue(1));
  echoClient.SetAttribute("Interval", TimeValue(Seconds(1.)));
  echoClient.SetAttribute("PacketSize", UintegerValue(1024));

  ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes12.Get(0));
  clientApps.Start(Seconds(2));
  clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10));

  // Trace routing paths for different source and destinations.
  Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> routingStream = 
    Create<OutputStreamWrapper>("nix-simple-multi-address.routes", std::ios::out);
  // Check the path from n0 to n1 (10.1.3.2).
  nixRouting.PrintRoutingPathAt(Seconds(3),
    nodes12.Get(0),
    interfaces12.GetAddress(1, 1),
    routingStream);
  // Trace routing tables.
  Ipv4NixVectorHelper::PrintRoutingTableAllAt(Seconds(4), routingStream);
  // Assign address5 addresses to n2 and n3.
  // n2 gets 10.2.3.1 and n3 gets 10.2.3.2 on the same interface.
  Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(5), &Ipv4AddressHelper::Assign, &address5, devices34);

  // Trace routing tables.
  // Notice that NixCache and Ipv4RouteCache becomes empty for each node.
  // This happens because new addresses are added at t = +5s, due to which
  // existing caches get flushed.
  Ipv4NixVectorHelper::PrintRoutingTableAllAt(Seconds(6), routingStream);

  // Check the path from n0 to n3 (10.2.3.2).
  nixRouting.PrintRoutingPathAt(Seconds(7),
    nodes12.Get(0),
    Ipv4Address("10.2.3.2"),
    routingStream);

  Simulator::Run();
  Simulator::Destroy();
  return 0;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function: Setup and Run IPv6 Socket Options Example

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d4/daa/socket-options-ipv6_8cc_source.html

This is the main entry point for the example. It parses command-line arguments, sets up the network topology, assigns IP addresses, and configures sockets with IPv6 options.

```cc
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
 //
 // Allow the user to override any of the defaults and the above Bind() at
 // run-time, via command-line arguments
 //
 uint32_t packetSize = 1024;
 uint32_t packetCount = 10;
 double packetInterval = 1.0;

 // Socket options for IPv6, currently TCLASS, HOPLIMIT, RECVTCLASS, and RECVHOPLIMIT
 uint32_t ipv6Tclass = 0;
 bool ipv6RecvTclass = true;
 uint32_t ipv6Hoplimit = 0;
 bool ipv6RecvHoplimit = true;

 CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
 cmd.AddValue("PacketSize", "Packet size in bytes", packetSize);
 cmd.AddValue("PacketCount", "Number of packets to send", packetCount);
 cmd.AddValue("Interval", "Interval between packets", packetInterval);
 cmd.AddValue("IPV6_TCLASS", "IPV6_TCLASS", ipv6Tclass);
 cmd.AddValue("IPV6_RECVTCLASS", "IPV6_RECVTCLASS", ipv6RecvTclass);
 cmd.AddValue("IPV6_HOPLIMIT", "IPV6_HOPLIMIT", ipv6Hoplimit);
 cmd.AddValue("IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT", "IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT", ipv6RecvHoplimit);
 cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

 NS_LOG_INFO("Create nodes.");
 NodeContainer n;
 n.Create(2);

 InternetStackHelper internet;
 internet.Install(n);

 Address serverAddress;

 NS_LOG_INFO("Create channels.");
 CsmaHelper csma;
 csma.SetChannelAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate(5000000)));
 csma.SetChannelAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(MilliSeconds(2)));
 csma.SetDeviceAttribute("Mtu", UintegerValue(1400));
 NetDeviceContainer d = csma.Install(n);

 NS_LOG_INFO("Assign IP Addresses.");
 Ipv6AddressHelper ipv6;
 ipv6.SetBase("2001:0000:f00d:cafe::", Ipv6Prefix(64));
 Ipv6InterfaceContainer i6 = ipv6.Assign(d);
 serverAddress = Address(i6.GetAddress(1, 1));

 NS_LOG_INFO("Create sockets.");
 // Receiver socket on n1
 TypeId tid = TypeId::LookupByName("ns3::UdpSocketFactory");

```

--------------------------------

### TCP Variants Comparison Example Setup

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d5/db7/tcp-variants-comparison_8cc_source.html

Includes necessary ns-3 modules and defines static variables for logging TCP parameters like congestion window, slow start threshold, RTT, and RTO. This setup is common for all TCP variant comparisons.

```c++
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/enum.h"
#include "ns3/error-model.h"
#include "ns3/event-id.h"
#include "ns3/flow-monitor-helper.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/tcp-header.h"
#include "ns3/traffic-control-module.h"
#include "ns3/udp-header.h"

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("TcpVariantsComparison");

static std::map<uint32_t, bool> firstCwnd; //!< First congestion window.
static std::map<uint32_t, bool> firstSshThr; //!< First SlowStart threshold.
static std::map<uint32_t, bool> firstRtt; //!< First RTT.
static std::map<uint32_t, bool> firstRto; //!< First RTO.
static std::map<uint32_t, Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper>> cWndStream; //!< Congstion window output stream.
static std::map<uint32_t, Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper>>
    ssThreshStream; //!< SlowStart threshold output stream.
static std::map<uint32_t, Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper>> rttStream; //!< RTT output stream.
static std::map<uint32_t, Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper>> rtoStream; //!< RTO output stream.
static std::map<uint32_t, Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper>> nextTxStream; //!< Next TX output stream.
static std::map<uint32_t, Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper>> nextRxStream; //!< Next RX output stream.
static std::map<uint32_t, Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper>> inFlightStream; //!< In flight output stream.
static std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> cWndValue; //!< congestion window value.
static std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> ssThreshValue; //!< SlowStart threshold value.

/**
 * Get the Node Id From Context.
 * 
 * @param context The context.
 * @return the node ID.
 */
static uint32_t

```

--------------------------------

### Setup Packet Socket Server

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d3/d1b/channel-access-manager-test_8cc_source.html

Configures and installs a packet socket server on the STA node. The server listens on a specific device index and protocol, with defined start and stop times.

```c++
PacketSocketAddress srvAddr;
srvAddr.SetSingleDevice(staDevice->GetIfIndex());
srvAddr.SetProtocol(1);

auto server = CreateObject<PacketSocketServer>();
server->SetLocal(srvAddr);
server->SetStartTime(Seconds(0));
server->SetStopTime(Seconds(1));
staNode->AddApplication(server);
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Control Applications

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/dc/d15/nsclick-simple-lan_8cc_source.html

Installs the OnOff application on a specific node and manages its start and stop times within the simulation. Ensure the application is installed before starting the simulation.

```c++
ApplicationContainer appcont;
appcont.Add(onOffHelper.Install(csmaNodes.Get(0)));
appcont.Start(Seconds(5));
appcont.Stop(Seconds(10));
```

--------------------------------

### Basic CommandLine Setup and Parsing

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d0/d1a/classns3_1_1_command_line.html

Shows how to initialize CommandLine, set a usage message, add arguments, and parse them.

```cpp
int intArg = 1;
bool boolArg = false;
std::string strArg = "strArg default";
CommandLine cmd (__FILE__);
cmd.Usage ("CommandLine example program.\n" "\n" "This little program demonstrates how to use CommandLine.");
cmd.AddValue ("intArg", "an int argument", intArg);
cmd.AddValue ("boolArg", "a bool argument", boolArg);
cmd.AddValue ("strArg", "a string argument", strArg);
cmd.AddValue ("anti", "ns3::RandomVariableStream::Antithetic");
cmd.AddValue ("cbArg", "a string via callback", MakeCallback (SetCbArg));
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function Setup for FileHelperExample

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d9/d72/file-helper-example_8cc_source.html

Initializes the ns-3 simulation environment and creates an instance of the custom Emitter object. This setup is preparatory for demonstrating file output using ns3::FileHelper.

```c++
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
 CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
 cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

 //
 // This Emitter has a trace source object that will emit values at
 // random times.
 //

 Ptr<Emitter> emitter = CreateObject<Emitter>();
 Names::Add("/Names/Emitter", emitter);

 //
 // This file helper will be used to put data values into a file.
 //


```

--------------------------------

### DHCP Server and Client Setup and Execution

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/df/d39/dhcp-test_8cc_source.html

Configures and runs a DHCP server and multiple DHCP clients. The server is started at time 0 and stopped at 20 seconds. Clients are installed on specific network devices, started at 1 second, and stopped at 20 seconds. The simulator runs until 21 seconds.

```c++
dhcpServerApp.Start(Seconds(0));
dhcpServerApp.Stop(Seconds(20));

DynamicCast<DhcpServer>(dhcpServerApp.Get(0))
->AddStaticDhcpEntry(devNet.Get(3)->GetAddress(), Ipv4Address("172.30.0.14"));

NetDeviceContainer dhcpClientNetDevs;
dhcpClientNetDevs.Add(devNet.Get(1));
dhcpClientNetDevs.Add(devNet.Get(2));
dhcpClientNetDevs.Add(devNet.Get(3));

ApplicationContainer dhcpClientApps = dhcpHelper.InstallDhcpClient(dhcpClientNetDevs);
dhcpClientApps.Start(Seconds(1));
dhcpClientApps.Stop(Seconds(20));

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(21));
Simulator::Run();
Simulator::Destroy();
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function: Socket Options IPv4 Setup

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d1/de4/socket-options-ipv4_8cc_source.html

This is the main entry point for the example. It sets up the network topology, assigns IP addresses, creates sockets, and configures IPV4 socket options like TOS and TTL.

```cpp
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
 //
 // Allow the user to override any of the defaults and the above Bind()
 // at
 // run-time, via command-line arguments
 //
 uint32_t packetSize = 1024;
 uint32_t packetCount = 10;
 double packetInterval = 1.0;

 // Socket options for IPv4, currently TOS, TTL, RECVTOS, and RECVTTL
 uint32_t ipTos = 0;
 bool ipRecvTos = true;
 uint32_t ipTtl = 0;
 bool ipRecvTtl = true;

 CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
 cmd.AddValue("PacketSize", "Packet size in bytes", packetSize);
 cmd.AddValue("PacketCount", "Number of packets to send", packetCount);
 cmd.AddValue("Interval", "Interval between packets", packetInterval);
 cmd.AddValue("IP_TOS", "IP_TOS", ipTos);
 cmd.AddValue("IP_RECVTOS", "IP_RECVTOS", ipRecvTos);
 cmd.AddValue("IP_TTL", "IP_TTL", ipTtl);
 cmd.AddValue("IP_RECVTTL", "IP_RECVTTL", ipRecvTtl);
 cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

 NS_LOG_INFO("Create nodes.");
 NodeContainer n;
 n.Create(2);

 InternetStackHelper internet;
 internet.Install(n);

 Address serverAddress;

 NS_LOG_INFO("Create channels.");
 CsmaHelper csma;
 csma.SetChannelAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate(5000000)));
 csma.SetChannelAttribute("Delay", TimeValue(MilliSeconds(2)));
 csma.SetDeviceAttribute("Mtu", UintegerValue(1400));
 NetDeviceContainer d = csma.Install(n);

 NS_LOG_INFO("Assign IP Addresses.");
 Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;
 ipv4.SetBase("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
 Ipv4InterfaceContainer i = ipv4.Assign(d);
 serverAddress = Address(i.GetAddress(1));

 NS_LOG_INFO("Create sockets.");
 // Receiver socket on n1
 TypeId tid = TypeId::LookupByName("ns3::UdpSocketFactory");
 Ptr<Socket> recvSink = Socket::CreateSocket(n.Get(1), tid);
 InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 4477);
 recvSink->SetIpRecvTos(ipRecvTos);

```

--------------------------------

### WiMAX Simple Example Setup

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d0/daa/wimax-simple_8cc_source.html

Initializes the simulation, parses command-line arguments for scheduler type, duration, and verbosity, and enables logging for UDP client and server components. It configures the WiMAX scheduler based on the input argument.

```cc
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/global-route-manager.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/ipcs-classifier-record.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/service-flow.h"
#include "ns3/wimax-module.h"

#include <iostream>

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("WimaxSimpleExample");

int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
 bool verbose = false;

 int duration = 7;
 int schedType = 0;
 WimaxHelper::SchedulerType scheduler = WimaxHelper::SCHED_TYPE_SIMPLE;

 CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
 cmd.AddValue("scheduler", "type of scheduler to use with the network devices", schedType);
 cmd.AddValue("duration", "duration of the simulation in seconds", duration);
 cmd.AddValue("verbose", "turn on all WimaxNetDevice log components", verbose);
 cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
 LogComponentEnable("UdpClient", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
 LogComponentEnable("UdpServer", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
 switch (schedType)
 {
 case 0:
 scheduler = WimaxHelper::SCHED_TYPE_SIMPLE;
 break;
 case 1:
 scheduler = WimaxHelper::SCHED_TYPE_MBQOS;
 break;
 case 2:
 scheduler = WimaxHelper::SCHED_TYPE_RTPS;
 break;
 default:
 scheduler = WimaxHelper::SCHED_TYPE_SIMPLE;
 }

 NodeContainer ssNodes;
 NodeContainer bsNodes;

 ssNodes.Create(2);
 bsNodes.Create(1);

 WimaxHelper wimax;

 NetDeviceContainer ssDevs;
 NetDeviceContainer bsDevs;

 ssDevs = wimax.Install(ssNodes,
 WimaxHelper::DEVICE_TYPE_SUBSCRIBER_STATION,
 WimaxHelper::SIMPLE_PHY_TYPE_OFDM,
 scheduler);
 bsDevs = wimax.Install(bsNodes,
 WimaxHelper::DEVICE_TYPE_BASE_STATION,
 WimaxHelper::SIMPLE_PHY_TYPE_OFDM,
 scheduler);

 wimax.EnableAscii("bs-devices", bsDevs);
 wimax.EnableAscii("ss-devices", ssDevs);

 Ptr<SubscriberStationNetDevice> ss[2];

 for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
 {

```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start BulkSendApplication

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d4/de8/tcp-bbr-example_8cc_source.html

Installs and starts a BulkSendApplication on a given node. Ensure the socket factory and address are correctly configured.

```cc
BulkSendHelper source("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress(ir1.GetAddress(1), port));
source.SetAttribute("MaxBytes", UintegerValue(0));
ApplicationContainer sourceApps = source.Install(sender.Get(0));
sourceApps.Start(Seconds(0.1));
sourceApps.Stop(stopTime);
```

--------------------------------

### LR-WPAN Network Setup and Configuration

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/dc/d1a/example-ping-lr-wpan-beacon_8cc_source.html

Main function to set up and run the LR-WPAN beacon example. It parses command-line arguments for verbosity, creates nodes, configures mobility, and installs LR-WPAN devices with specified propagation models.

```c++
int
main(int argc, char** argv)
{
 bool verbose = false;

 CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
 cmd.AddValue("verbose", "turn on log components", verbose);
 cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

 if (verbose)
 {
 LogComponentEnableAll(LogLevel(LOG_PREFIX_TIME | LOG_PREFIX_FUNC | LOG_PREFIX_NODE));
 LogComponentEnable("LrWpanMac", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
 LogComponentEnable("LrWpanCsmaCa", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
 LogComponentEnable("LrWpanHelper", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
 LogComponentEnable("Ping", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
 }

 NodeContainer nodes;
 nodes.Create(2);

 MobilityHelper mobility;
 mobility.SetMobilityModel("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
 mobility.SetPositionAllocator("ns3::GridPositionAllocator",
 "MinX",
 DoubleValue(0.0),
 "MinY",
 DoubleValue(0.0),
 "DeltaX",
 DoubleValue(20),
 "DeltaY",
 DoubleValue(20),
 "GridWidth",
 UintegerValue(3),
 "LayoutType",
 StringValue("RowFirst"));
 mobility.SetMobilityModel("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
mobility.Install(nodes);

 LrWpanHelper lrWpanHelper;
 lrWpanHelper.SetPropagationDelayModel("ns3::ConstantSpeedPropagationDelayModel");
 lrWpanHelper.AddPropagationLossModel("ns3::LogDistancePropagationLossModel");
 // Add and install the LrWpanNetDevice for each node
 NetDeviceContainer lrwpanDevices = lrWpanHelper.Install(nodes);
 
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function Setup and Execution

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d0/d41/hash-example_8cc_source.html

Initializes the command-line parser, sets up the Dictionary with various hashers, reads words from dictionary files, and optionally runs a timing test.

```cpp
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  std::cout << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Hasher" << std::endl;

  bool timing = false;
  DictFiles files;

  CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
  cmd.Usage("Find hash collisions in the dictionary.");
  cmd.AddValue("dict",
               "Dictionary file to hash",
               MakeCallback(&DictFiles::Add, &files),
               DictFiles::GetDefault());

  cmd.AddValue("time", "Run timing test", timing);
  cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

  Dictionary dict;
  dict.Add(Collider("FNV1a", Hasher(Create<Hash::Function::Fnv1a>()), Collider::Bits32));
  dict.Add(Collider("FNV1a", Hasher(Create<Hash::Function::Fnv1a>()), Collider::Bits64));

  dict.Add(Collider("Murmur3", Hasher(Create<Hash::Function::Murmur3>()), Collider::Bits32));
  dict.Add(Collider("Murmur3", Hasher(Create<Hash::Function::Murmur3>()), Collider::Bits64));

  files.ReadInto(dict);

  dict.Report();

  if (timing)
  {
    dict.Time();
  }

  return 0;
}

```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start UDP Server Application

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d4/d99/wifi-80211e-txop_8cc_source.html

Installs and starts a UDP server application on a specified Wi-Fi Access Point node.

```c++
UdpServerHelper serverC(port);
ApplicationContainer serverAppC = serverC.Install(wifiApNodes.Get(2));
serverAppC.Start(Seconds(0));
serverAppC.Stop(simulationTime + Seconds(1));
```

--------------------------------

### TutorialApp::Setup

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d0/d58/classns3_1_1_tutorial_app.html

Sets up the socket for the application, configuring packet size, count, and data rate.

```APIDOC
## Setup

### Description
Sets up the socket for the application, configuring packet size, count, and data rate.

### Method Signature
void Setup (Ptr< Socket > socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, DataRate dataRate)
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function Setup

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/db/dfb/tcp-pacing_8cc_source.html

Initializes the simulation, parses command-line arguments, and sets default configurations for TCP pacing and other network parameters.

```c++
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
 bool tracing = false;

 uint32_t maxBytes = 0; // value of zero corresponds to unlimited send
 std::string transportProtocol = "ns3::TcpCubic";

 Time simulationEndTime = Seconds(5);
 DataRate bottleneckBandwidth("10Mbps"); // value of x as shown in the above network topology
 Time bottleneckDelay = MilliSeconds(40);
 DataRate regLinkBandwidth(4 * bottleneckBandwidth.GetBitRate());
 Time regLinkDelay = MilliSeconds(5);
 DataRate maxPacingRate("4Gbps");

 bool isPacingEnabled = true;
 bool useEcn = true;
 bool useQueueDisc = true;
 bool shouldPaceInitialWindow = true;

 // Configure defaults that are not based on explicit command-line arguments
 // They may be overridden by general attribute configuration of command line
 Config::SetDefault("ns3::TcpL4Protocol::SocketType",
 TypeIdValue(TypeId::LookupByName(transportProtocol)));
 Config::SetDefault("ns3::TcpSocket::InitialCwnd", UintegerValue(10));

 CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
 cmd.AddValue("tracing", "Flag to enable/disable Ascii and Pcap tracing", tracing);
 cmd.AddValue("maxBytes", "Total number of bytes for application to send", maxBytes);
 cmd.AddValue("isPacingEnabled", "Flag to enable/disable pacing in TCP", isPacingEnabled);
 cmd.AddValue("maxPacingRate", "Max Pacing Rate", maxPacingRate);
 cmd.AddValue("useEcn", "Flag to enable/disable ECN", useEcn);
 cmd.AddValue("useQueueDisc", "Flag to enable/disable queue disc on bottleneck", useQueueDisc);
 cmd.AddValue("shouldPaceInitialWindow",
 "Flag to enable/disable pacing of TCP initial window",
 shouldPaceInitialWindow);
 cmd.AddValue("simulationEndTime", "Simulation end time", simulationEndTime);
 cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

 // Configure defaults based on command-line arguments
 Config::SetDefault("ns3::TcpSocketState::EnablePacing", BooleanValue(isPacingEnabled));
 Config::SetDefault("ns3::TcpSocketState::PaceInitialWindow",
 BooleanValue(shouldPaceInitialWindow));
}
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function Setup

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d3/d9c/wifi-phy-configuration_8cc_source.html

Initializes the ns-3 simulation environment, parses command-line arguments for test case and attribute printing, and sets up basic Wi-Fi components like nodes, channel, and PHY helper.

```cpp
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  uint32_t testCase = 0;
  bool printAttributes = false;
  bool exceptionThrown = false;

  CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
  cmd.AddValue("testCase", "Test case", testCase);
  cmd.AddValue("printAttributes", "If true, print out attributes", printAttributes);
  cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

  NodeContainer wifiStaNode;
  wifiStaNode.Create(1);
  NodeContainer wifiApNode;
  wifiApNode.Create(1);

  YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();
  YansWifiPhyHelper phy;
  phy.SetChannel(channel.Create());
  WifiHelper wifi;
  wifi.SetRemoteStationManager("ns3::IdealWifiManager");

```

--------------------------------

### Install Packet Sink and Start Application

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d5/dd3/tap-wifi-dumbbell_8cc_source.html

Installs a PacketSink application on a node and starts it at a specified time. Ensure the node and port are correctly configured.

```c++
ns3::PacketSinkHelper sink("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), port));

apps = sink.Install(nodesRight.Get(0));
apps.Start(Seconds(1));
```

--------------------------------

### SetUp()

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d5/de5/classns3_1_1_ipv6_interface.html

Enables this IPv6 interface, making it operational.

```APIDOC
## SetUp()

### Description
Enables this interface.

### Signature
void ns3::Ipv6Interface::SetUp(void)

### Definition
File: ipv6-interface.cc, Line: 170
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start UDP Client Application (Node 3)

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d4/d99/wifi-80211e-txop_8cc_source.html

Installs and starts an OnOff UDP client application on the third Wi-Fi station node.

```c++
ApplicationContainer clientAppD = clientD.Install(wifiStaNodes.Get(3));
clientAppD.Start(Seconds(1));
clientAppD.Stop(simulationTime + Seconds(1));
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function Setup and Configuration

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d4/d43/nsclick-raw-wlan_8cc_source.html

Initializes the simulation, parses command-line arguments for the Click configuration folder, and sets up Wi-Fi node containers. It configures default Wi-Fi parameters like fragmentation and RTS/CTS thresholds.

```c++
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  double rss = -80;
  std::string clickConfigFolder = "src/click/examples";

  CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
  cmd.AddValue("clickConfigFolder",
               "Base folder for click configuration files",
               clickConfigFolder);
  cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

  // Setup nodes
  NodeContainer wifiNodes;
  wifiNodes.Create(2);

  // Get Wifi devices installed on both nodes.
  // Adapted from examples/wireless/wifi-simple-adhoc.cc
  std::string phyMode("DsssRate1Mbps");

  // disable fragmentation for frames below 2200 bytes
  Config::SetDefault("ns3::WifiRemoteStationManager::FragmentationThreshold",
                     StringValue("2200"));
  // turn off RTS/CTS for frames below 2200 bytes
  Config::SetDefault("ns3::WifiRemoteStationManager::RtsCtsThreshold", StringValue("2200"));
  // Fix non-unicast data rate to be the same as that of unicast
  Config::SetDefault("ns3::WifiRemoteStationManager::NonUnicastMode", StringValue(phyMode));

  WifiHelper wifi;
  wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211b);

  YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy;
  // This is one parameter that matters when using FixedRssLossModel
  // set it to zero; otherwise, gain will be added
  wifiPhy.Set("RxGain", DoubleValue(0));
  // ns-3 supports RadioTap and Prism tracing extensions for 802.11b
  wifiPhy.SetPcapDataLinkType(WifiPhyHelper::DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO);

  YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel;
  wifiChannel.SetPropagationDelay("ns3::ConstantSpeedPropagationDelayModel");
  // The below FixedRssLossModel will cause the rss to be fixed regardless

```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start UDP Server Application (Node 3)

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d4/d99/wifi-80211e-txop_8cc_source.html

Installs and starts a UDP server application on the third Wi-Fi Access Point node.

```c++
UdpServerHelper serverD(port);
ApplicationContainer serverAppD = serverD.Install(wifiApNodes.Get(3));
serverAppD.Start(Seconds(0));
serverAppD.Stop(simulationTime + Seconds(1));
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start UDP Client Application (Node 2)

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d4/d99/wifi-80211e-txop_8cc_source.html

Installs and starts an OnOff UDP client application on the second Wi-Fi station node.

```c++
ApplicationContainer clientAppC = clientC.Install(wifiStaNodes.Get(2));
clientAppC.Start(Seconds(1));
clientAppC.Stop(simulationTime + Seconds(1));
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function Setup (C++)

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d7/d2e/radvd-two-prefix_8cc_source.html

Initializes the ns-3 simulation environment, parses command-line arguments for verbosity, and sets up logging for various ns-3 modules.

```cpp
int
main(int argc, char** argv)
{
 bool verbose = false;

 CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
 cmd.AddValue("verbose", "turn on log components", verbose);
 cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

 if (verbose)
 {
 LogComponentEnable("Ipv6L3Protocol", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
 LogComponentEnable("Ipv6RawSocketImpl", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
 LogComponentEnable("Icmpv6L4Protocol", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
 LogComponentEnable("Ipv6StaticRouting", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
 LogComponentEnable("Ipv6Interface", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
 LogComponentEnable("RadvdApplication", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
 LogComponentEnable("Ping", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);
 }

 NS_LOG_INFO("Create nodes.");
 Ptr<Node> n0 = CreateObject<Node>();
 Ptr<Node> r = CreateObject<Node>();
 Ptr<Node> n1 = CreateObject<Node>();

 NodeContainer net1(n0, r);
 NodeContainer net2(r, n1);
 NodeContainer all(n0, r, n1);

 NS_LOG_INFO("Create IPv6 Internet Stack");
 InternetStackHelper internetv6;

```

--------------------------------

### Setup OnOff Application for TCP Client (Connection Two)

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d5/d91/red-tests_8cc_source.html

Configures and installs a second OnOff application for TCP client functionality, similar to the first but potentially with different start times. It sends data at a specified rate and packet size.

```cpp
OnOffHelper clientHelper2("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", Address());
clientHelper2.SetAttribute("OnTime",
 StringValue("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]"));
clientHelper2.SetAttribute("OffTime",
 StringValue("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]"));
clientHelper2.SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("10Mb/s")));
clientHelper2.SetAttribute("PacketSize", UintegerValue(1000));

ApplicationContainer clientApps2;
clientHelper2.SetAttribute("Remote", remoteAddress);
clientApps2.Add(clientHelper2.Install(n1n2.Get(0)));
clientApps2.Start(Seconds(3));
clientApps2.Stop(Seconds(client_stop_time));
```

--------------------------------

### Running the CommandLine Example (Help)

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d0/d1a/classns3_1_1_command_line.html

Example output when requesting help for the command-line example program.

```text
$ ./ns3 run "command-line-example --help"
```

--------------------------------

### Main Function: Simulation Setup

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d8/d72/generic-battery-wifiradio-example_8cc_source.html

Initializes the simulation, parses command-line arguments, and sets up default configurations for Wi-Fi.

```c++
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
 LogComponentEnableAll(LogLevel(LOG_PREFIX_TIME | LOG_PREFIX_FUNC));
 LogComponentEnable("GenericBatteryWifiRadioExample", LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG);

 std::string phyMode("DsssRate1Mbps");
 double rss = -80; // dBm
 uint32_t packetSize = 200; // bytes
 bool verbose = false;

 // simulation parameters
 uint32_t numPackets = 10000; // number of packets to send
 double interval = 1; // seconds
 double startTime = 0.0; // seconds
 double distanceToRx = 100.0; // meters

 CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
 cmd.AddValue("phyMode", "Wifi Phy mode", phyMode);
 cmd.AddValue("rss", "Intended primary RSS (dBm)", rss);
 cmd.AddValue("packetSize", "size of application packet sent (Bytes)", packetSize);
 cmd.AddValue("numPackets", "Total number of packets to send", numPackets);
 cmd.AddValue("startTime", "Simulation start time (seconds)", startTime);
 cmd.AddValue("distanceToRx", "X-Axis distance between nodes (meters)", distanceToRx);
 cmd.AddValue("verbose", "Turn on all device log components", verbose);
 cmd.Parse(argc, argv);

 Time interPacketInterval = Seconds(interval);

 Config::SetDefault("ns3::WifiRemoteStationManager::FragmentationThreshold",
 StringValue("2200"));
 Config::SetDefault("ns3::WifiRemoteStationManager::RtsCtsThreshold", StringValue("2200"));
 Config::SetDefault("ns3::WifiRemoteStationManager::NonUnicastMode", StringValue(phyMode));

 NodeContainer nodeContainer;
 nodeContainer.Create(2);

 WifiHelper wifi;
 if (verbose)
 {
 WifiHelper::EnableLogComponents();
 }
 wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211b);

 //////////////////////
 // Wifi PHY and MAC //
 //////////////////////

 YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy;
 YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel;
 wifiChannel.SetPropagationDelay("ns3::ConstantSpeedPropagationDelayModel");
 wifiChannel.AddPropagationLoss("ns3::FriisPropagationLossModel");

 Ptr<YansWifiChannel> wifiChannelPtr = wifiChannel.Create();
 wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannelPtr);

 WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
 wifi.SetRemoteStationManager("ns3::ConstantRateWifiManager",
 "DataMode",
 StringValue(phyMode),
 "ControlMode",
 StringValue(phyMode));

 wifiMac.SetType("ns3::AdhocWifiMac");
 NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodeContainer);

 //////////////////
 // Mobility //
 //////////////////

 MobilityHelper mobility;
 Ptr<ListPositionAllocator> positionAlloc = CreateObject<ListPositionAllocator>();
 positionAlloc->Add(Vector(0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
 positionAlloc->Add(Vector(2 * distanceToRx, 0.0, 0.0));
 mobility.SetPositionAllocator(positionAlloc);
 mobility.SetMobilityModel("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
 mobility.Install(nodeContainer);

 ////////////////////
 // Energy Model //
 ////////////////////

 // Use a preset PANASONIC Li-Ion batteries arranged in a cell pack (2 series, 2 parallel)
 GenericBatteryModelHelper batteryHelper;
 EnergySourceContainer energySourceContainer =
 batteryHelper.Install(nodeContainer, PANASONIC_CGR18650DA_LION);
 batteryHelper.SetCellPack(energySourceContainer, 2, 2);

 Ptr<GenericBatteryModel> battery0 =
 DynamicCast<GenericBatteryModel>(energySourceContainer.Get(0));
 Ptr<GenericBatteryModel> battery1 =
 DynamicCast<GenericBatteryModel>(energySourceContainer.Get(1));

 // Energy consumption quantities have been exaggerated for
 // demonstration purposes, real consumption values are much smaller.
 WifiRadioEnergyModelHelper radioEnergyHelper;
 radioEnergyHelper.Set("TxCurrentA", DoubleValue(4.66));
 radioEnergyHelper.Set("RxCurrentA", DoubleValue(0.466));
 radioEnergyHelper.Set("IdleCurrentA", DoubleValue(0.466));
 DeviceEnergyModelContainer deviceModels =

```

--------------------------------

### Get Start Time

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d5/d42/radio-bearer-stats-calculator_8cc_source.html

Retrieves the start time of the statistics collection.

```APIDOC
## GetStartTime

### Description
Gets the start time of the statistics collection.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/GetStartTime

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **Time** - The start time of the statistics collection.
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start UDP Application

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/dd/d88/global-routing-multi-switch-plus-router_8cc_source.html

Installs a UDP echo client application on a node and starts it. Configures application attributes like packet count, interval, and size.

```c++
client.SetAttribute("MaxPackets", UintegerValue(maxPacketCount));
client.SetAttribute("Interval", TimeValue(interPacketInterval));
client.SetAttribute("PacketSize", UintegerValue(packetSize));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = client.Install(b3);
clientApp.Start(Seconds(0.5));
clientApp.Stop(Seconds(simDurationSeconds));
```

--------------------------------

### Running the CommandLine Example (With Arguments)

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d0/d1a/classns3_1_1_command_line.html

Example output when running the command-line example program with specific arguments provided.

```text
$ ./ns3 run "command-line-example --intArg=2 --boolArg --strArg=Hello --cbArg=World"
intArg:   2
boolArg:  true
strArg:   "Hello"
cbArg:    "World"
```

--------------------------------

### Complete Setup UE

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d3/d7a/lte-enb-rrc_8h_source.html

Implements the LteEnbRrcSapProvider::CompleteSetupUe interface.

```APIDOC
## CompleteSetupUe

### Description
Implements the LteEnbRrcSapProvider::CompleteSetupUe interface.

### Method
void

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **params** (LteEnbRrcSapProvider::CompleteSetupUeParameters) - Required - CompleteSetupUeParameters.
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start BulkSend Application

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d2/d0d/ns3tcp-cubic-test-suite_8cc_source.html

Installs a BulkSend application on the sender node to generate traffic. The application starts shortly after the simulation begins and stops at a specified time.

```c++
BulkSendHelper source("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", InetSocketAddress(ir1.GetAddress(1), port));
source.SetAttribute("MaxBytes", UintegerValue(0));
ApplicationContainer sourceApps = source.Install(sender.Get(0));
sourceApps.Start(Seconds(0.1));
// Hook trace source after application starts
Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(0.1) + MilliSeconds(1),
&Ns3TcpCubicTestCase::ConnectCwndTrace,
this,
0,
0);
sourceApps.Stop(stopTime);
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start Echo Client Application

Source: https://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.45/doxygen/d9/d88/fragmentation-ipv6_8cc_source.html

Installs the UDP echo client application on the first node of the first network and starts it. The application is configured to run for a specific duration.

```c++
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(net1.Get(0));
clientApps.Start(Seconds(2));
clientApps.Stop(Seconds(20));
```