pkgsrc

https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/
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### Complete Mutt configuration file setup

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkginstall.html

A comprehensive example showing the full configuration for handling Mutt configuration files within pkgsrc.

```makefile
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        --sysconfdir=${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
EGDIR=                  ${PREFIX}/share/examples/mutt
CONF_FILES=             ${EGDIR}/Muttrc ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}/Muttrc
INSTALLATION_DIRS+=     ${EGDIR}
INSTALL_MAKE_FLAGS=     ${MAKE_FLAGS} sysconfdir=${EGDIR}
```

--------------------------------

### Build and install a package

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Standard workflow for building, installing, and cleaning up after a package installation.

```shell
% cd misc/figlet
% make
```

```shell
% make install
```

```shell
% make clean
```

```shell
% make clean-depends
```

--------------------------------

### Configure GNU autoconf for example directory installation

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkginstall.html

Sets the sysconfdir variable during installation to redirect configuration files to the examples directory.

```makefile
EGDIR=                  ${PREFIX}/share/examples/mutt
INSTALL_MAKE_FLAGS=     ${MAKE_FLAGS} sysconfdir=${EGDIR}
```

--------------------------------

### Search and Install Packages with pkgin

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/using.html

Demonstrates searching for a package and installing multiple packages using the pkgin frontend.

```shell
# pkgin search nginx
nginx-1.19.6         Lightweight HTTP server and mail proxy server
nginx-1.18.0nb8      Lightweight HTTP server and mail proxy server
# pkgin install zsh nginx-1.19.6 vim
```

--------------------------------

### Install a package

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/using.html

Install the compiled package into the system.

```shell
% **make install**
```

--------------------------------

### Install and verify package

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/creating.html

Commands to install a package, generate a file list, and test the installation process.

```bash
$ bmake CHECK_FILES=no install
[...]
$ bmake print-PLIST >PLIST
$ bmake deinstall
$ bmake install
```

--------------------------------

### Example package options configuration

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/options.html

A complete example of defining supported options, legacy mappings, and conditional build logic for a package.

```make
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR=                PKG_OPTIONS.wibble
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS=          wibble-foo ldap
PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS=    database
PKG_OPTIONS_GROUP.database=     mysql pgsql
PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS=          wibble-foo
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARS+=       WIBBLE_USE_OPENLDAP:ldap
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTS+=       foo:wibble-foo

.include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk"

# this package was previously named wibble2
.if defined(PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2)
PKG_LEGACY_OPTIONS+=            ${PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2}
PKG_OPTIONS_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS+= \
        "Deprecated variable PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2 used, use ${PKG_OPTIONS_VAR} instead."
.endif

.include "../../mk/bsd.options.mk"

# Package-specific option-handling

###
### FOO support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mwibble-foo)
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --enable-foo
.endif

###
### LDAP support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mldap)
.  include "../../databases/openldap-client/buildlink3.mk"
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=    --enable-ldap=${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.openldap-client}
.endif

###
### database support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mmysql)
.  include "../../mk/mysql.buildlink3.mk"
.endif
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mpgsql)
.  include "../../mk/pgsql.buildlink3.mk"
.endif
```

--------------------------------

### Install a package using make

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/examples.html

Executes the installation process for a package after verifying checksums.

```shell
# **make install**
>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
===>  Installing for bison-1.25
sh ./mkinstalldirs /usr/pkg/bin /usr/pkg/share  /usr/pkg/info /usr/pkg/man/man1
rm -f /usr/pkg/bin/bison
cd /usr/pkg/share; rm -f bison.simple bison.hairy
rm -f /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 /usr/pkg/info/bison.info*
install -c  -o bin -g bin -m 555 bison /usr/pkg/bin/bison
/usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 bison.s1 /usr/pkg/share/bison.simple
/usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.hairy /usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy
cd .; for f in bison.info*;  do /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 $f /usr/pkg/info/$f; done
/usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1
===>  Registering installation for bison-1.25
```

--------------------------------

### Configure and Install Binary Packages

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/using.html

Sets the environment variables for package management and installs the pkgin tool. Requires root privileges.

```shell
# PATH="/usr/pkg/sbin:/usr/pkg/bin:$PATH"
# PKG_PATH="https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages"
# PKG_PATH="$PKG_PATH/_OPSYS_/_ARCH_/_VERSIONS_/All/"
# export PATH PKG_PATH
# pkg_add pkgin
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Install Phase

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/build.html

Logic used to execute the install phase for a package, iterating through INSTALL_DIRS.

```Makefile
.for dir in ${INSTALL_DIRS}
        cd ${WRKSRC} && cd ${dir} \
        && env ${INSTALL_ENV} ${MAKE_ENV} \
            ${MAKE_PROGRAM} ${MAKE_FLAGS} ${INSTALL_MAKE_FLAGS} \
                -f ${MAKE_FILE} ${INSTALL_TARGET}
.endfor
```

--------------------------------

### Start bulk build

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/bulk.html

Command to initiate the bulk build process.

```shell
# /usr/pbulk/bin/bulkbuild
```

--------------------------------

### Configure pkgsrc installation paths

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Define base installation directories in mk.conf.

```makefile
PREFIX=         /a-random-uuid
PKG_SYSCONFDIR= /a-random-uuid
VARBASE=        /a-random-uuid
PKGMANDIR=      a-random-uuid
PKG_INFODIR=    a-random-uuid
```

--------------------------------

### Install libraries with libtool

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/fixes.html

Use the install mode to ensure static libraries, shared libraries, and symlinks are installed correctly and ldconfig is run.

```Makefile
${LIBTOOL} --mode=install ${BSD_INSTALL_LIB} ${SOMELIB:.a=.la} ${PREFIX}/lib
```

--------------------------------

### Configure compiler chain

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Example of chaining compiler tools in /etc/mk.conf.

```text
ccache gcc
```

--------------------------------

### Debug GTK configuration errors

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/creating.html

Example output from a failed configure script indicating a mismatch between expected and installed GTK versions.

```text
[...]
checking for gtk-config... /home/roland/pkg/bin/gtk-config
checking for GTK - version >= 1.2.0... no
*** Could not run GTK test program, checking why...
*** The test program failed to compile or link. See the file config.log for the
*** exact error that occured. This usually means GTK was incorrectly installed
*** or that you have moved GTK since it was installed. In the latter case, you
*** may want to edit the gtk-config script: /home/roland/pkg/bin/gtk-config
configure: error: Test for GTK failed.
[...]
```

--------------------------------

### Install pkg_developer tools

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/creating.html

Commands to navigate to the pkgsrc directory and install the necessary development utilities.

```shell
$ **cd /usr/pkgsrc**
$ **(cd meta-pkgs/pkg_developer && bmake update)**
```

--------------------------------

### Install, Package, and Clean Software with pkgsrc

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Standard workflow for building, installing, packaging, and cleaning up software source builds.

```shell
# make install
```

```shell
# make package
```

```shell
# make clean
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Package Build Process

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/examples.html

Example output of the make command showing the extraction, configuration, and compilation stages of a package build.

```bash
# **make**
>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
===>  Extracting for bison-1.25
===>  Patching for bison-1.25
===>   Ignoring empty patch directory
===>  Configuring for bison-1.25
creating cache ./config.cache
checking for gcc... cc
checking whether we are using GNU C... yes
checking for a BSD compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin
checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E
checking for minix/config.h... no
checking for POSIXized ISC... no
checking whether cross-compiling... no
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for working const... yes
checking for working alloca.h... no
checking for alloca... yes
checking for strerror... yes
updating cache ./config.cache
creating ./config.status
creating Makefile
===>  Building for bison-1.25
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g LR0.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g allocate.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g closure.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g conflicts.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g derives.c
cc -c -DXPFILE=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.simple\"  -DXPFILE1=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy\" -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1  -g  ./files.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g getargs.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g gram.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g lalr.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g lex.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g main.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g nullable.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g output.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g print.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g reader.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g reduce.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g symtab.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g warshall.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g version.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g getopt.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g getopt1.c
cc  -g -o bison LR0.o allocate.o closure.o conflicts.o derives.o files.o         getargs.o gram.o lalr.o lex.o                                   main.o nullable.o output.o print.o reader.o reduce.o symtab.o   warshall.o version.o getopt.o getopt1.o
./files.c:240: warning: mktemp() possibly used unsafely, consider using mkstemp()
rm -f bison.s1
sed -e "/^#line/ s|bison|/usr/pkg/share/bison|" < ./bison.simple > bison.s1
```

--------------------------------

### Create a binary package

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/examples.html

Generates a compressed binary package file from the installed software.

```shell
# **make package**
>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
===>  Building package for bison-1.25
Creating package bison-1.25.tgz
Registering depends:.
Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison/bison-1.25.tgz'
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Install figlet

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/logs.html

Shows the output of the make and make install commands for the figlet package, including dependency checking, fetching, patching, and compilation.

```bash
# **make**
===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2
=> figlet221.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system.
=> Attempting to fetch figlet221.tar.gz from ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/program/unix/.
=> [172219 bytes]
Connected to ftp.plig.net.
220 ftp.plig.org NcFTPd Server (licensed copy) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
230-You are user #5 of 500 simultaneous users allowed.
230-
230-  ___ _             _ _
230- |  _| |_ ___   ___| |_|___   ___ ___ ___
230- |  _|  _| . |_| . | | | . |_| . |  _| . |
230- |_| |_| |  _|_|  _|_|_|_  |_|___|_| |_  |
230-         |_|   |_|     |___|         |___|
230-
230-** Welcome to ftp.plig.org **
230-
230-Please note that all transfers from this FTP site are logged. If you
230-do not like this, please disconnect now.
230-
230-This archive is available via
230-
230-HTTP:  http://ftp.plig.org/
230-FTP:   ftp://ftp.plig.org/     (max 500 connections)
230-RSYNC: rsync://ftp.plig.org/   (max  30 connections)
230-
230-Please email comments, bug reports and requests for packages to be
230-mirrored to ftp-admin@plig.org.
230-
230-
230 Logged in anonymously.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
200 Type okay.
250 "/pub" is new cwd.
250-"/pub/figlet" is new cwd.
250-
250-Welcome to the figlet archive at ftp.figlet.org
250-
250-	ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/
250-
250-The official FIGlet web page is:
250-	http://www.figlet.org/
250-
250-If you have questions, please mailto:info@figlet.org. If you want to
250-contribute a font or something else, you can email us.
250
250 "/pub/figlet/program" is new cwd.
250 "/pub/figlet/program/unix" is new cwd.
local: figlet221.tar.gz remote: figlet221.tar.gz
502 Unimplemented command.
227 Entering Passive Mode (195,40,6,41,246,104)
150 Data connection accepted from 84.128.86.72:65131; transfer starting for figlet221.tar.gz (172219 bytes).
38% |**************                       | 65800      64.16 KB/s    00:01 ETA
226 Transfer completed.
172219 bytes received in 00:02 (75.99 KB/s)
221 Goodbye.
=> Checksum OK for figlet221.tar.gz.
===> Extracting for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Required installed package ccache-[0-9]*: ccache-2.3nb1 found
===> Patching for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Applying pkgsrc patches for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Overriding tools for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Creating toolchain wrappers for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Configuring for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Building for figlet-2.2.1nb2
gcc -O2 -DDEFAULTFONTDIR=\"/usr/pkg/share/figlet\"  -DDEFAULTFONTFILE=\"standard.flf\"  figlet.c zipio.c crc.c inflate.c -o figlet
chmod a+x figlet
gcc -O2 -o chkfont chkfont.c
=> Unwrapping files-to-be-installed.
#
# **make install**
===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Installing for figlet-2.2.1nb2
install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/bin
install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/man/man6
mkdir -p /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp figlet /usr/pkg/bin
cp chkfont /usr/pkg/bin
chmod 555 figlist showfigfonts
cp figlist /usr/pkg/bin
cp showfigfonts /usr/pkg/bin
cp fonts/*.flf /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp fonts/*.flc /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp figlet.6 /usr/pkg/man/man6
===> Registering installation for figlet-2.2.1nb2
#
```

--------------------------------

### Install pkg_developer meta-package

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Install essential development utilities for pkgsrc package creation.

```shell
$ cd /usr/pkgsrc
$ (cd meta-pkgs/pkg_developer && bmake update)
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Install figlet

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Commands to build the figlet package from source and install it into the system directories.

```bash
# make
...
gcc -O2 -DDEFAULTFONTDIR=\"/usr/pkg/share/figlet\"  -DDEFAULTFONTFILE=\"standard.flf\"  figlet.c zipio.c crc.c inflate.c -o figlet
chmod a+x figlet
gcc -O2 -o chkfont chkfont.c
#
# make install
...
install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/bin
install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/man/man6
mkdir -p /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp figlet /usr/pkg/bin
cp chkfont /usr/pkg/bin
chmod 555 figlist showfigfonts
cp figlist /usr/pkg/bin
cp showfigfonts /usr/pkg/bin
cp fonts/*.flf /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp fonts/*.flc /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp figlet.6 /usr/pkg/man/man6
===> Registering installation for figlet-2.2.1nb2
#
```

--------------------------------

### Define pbulk package list

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/bulk.html

Example content for the pbulk.list file specifying packages to build.

```text
www/firefox
mail/thunderbird
misc/libreoffice4
```

--------------------------------

### Install NetBSD compiler set

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Extract the comp.tgz set to resolve missing bsd.own.mk errors.

```shell
# cd /
# tar --unlink -zxvpf .../comp.tgz
```

--------------------------------

### Configure package options in mk.conf

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/configuring.html

Examples of setting global and package-specific build options in the mk.conf file.

```bash
$ grep "PKG.*OPTION" mk.conf
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS=    -arts -dvdread -esound
PKG_OPTIONS.kdebase=    debug -sasl
PKG_OPTIONS.apache=     suexec
```

--------------------------------

### Example Makefile dependency configuration

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/creating.html

Shows how to define build, tool, and runtime dependencies along with buildlink3 includes in a Makefile.

```makefile
[...]

TOOL_DEPENDS+=  libxslt-[0-9]*:../../textproc/libxslt
DEPENDS+=       screen-[0-9]*:../../misc/screen
DEPENDS+=       screen>=4.0:../../misc/screen

[...]

.include "../../_category_/_package_/buildlink3.mk"
.include "../../devel/glib2/buildlink3.mk"
.include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
```

--------------------------------

### Example Package Makefile

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/creating.html

A sample Makefile generated and manually edited for a new package.

```makefile
# $NetBSD $
#

DISTNAME=       nvu-1.0-sources
PKGNAME=        nvu-1.0
CATEGORIES=     www
MASTER_SITES=   http://cvs.nvu.com/download/
EXTRACT_SUFX=   .tar.bz2

MAINTAINER=     rillig@NetBSD.org
HOMEPAGE=       http://cvs.nvu.com/
COMMENT=        Web Authoring System

# url2pkg-marker (please do not remove this line.)
.include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
```

--------------------------------

### Define file installation with permissions

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkginstall.html

Use REQD_FILES_PERMS or CONF_FILES_PERMS to copy a reference file to a target location with specific ownership and permissions.

```makefile
REQD_FILES_PERMS+=      ${PREFIX}/share/somefile ${VARBASE}/somefile \
                        ${REAL_ROOT_USER} ${REAL_ROOT_GROUP} 0700
```

--------------------------------

### PLIST file for bison

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/examples.html

Lists the files installed by the package.

```text
@comment $NetBSD: examples.html,v 1.278 2026/08/03 13:14:54 wiz Exp $
bin/bison
man/man1/bison.1.gz
share/bison.simple
share/bison.hairy
```

--------------------------------

### Example buildlink3.mk file

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/buildlink.html

A standard buildlink3.mk file structure for the tiff package, demonstrating dependency management and recursive inclusion.

```Makefile
BUILDLINK_TREE+=        tiff

.if !defined(TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK)
TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:=

BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.tiff+=    tiff>=3.6.1
BUILDLINK_ABI_DEPENDS.tiff+=    tiff>=3.7.2nb1
BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.tiff?=      ../../graphics/tiff

.include "../../devel/zlib/buildlink3.mk"
.include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"
.endif # TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK

BUILDLINK_TREE+=        -tiff
```

--------------------------------

### Define mk.conf fragment

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/bulk.html

Example settings for a mk.conf fragment to customize package build behavior.

```make
PKG_DEVELOPER=          yes     # perform more checks
X11_TYPE=               modular # use pkgsrc X11
SKIP_LICENSE_CHECK=     yes     # accept all licences (useful
                                # when building all packages)
```

--------------------------------

### Declare configuration files for pkginstall

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkginstall.html

Uses the CONF_FILES variable to map source files in the examples directory to their destination in PKG_SYSCONFDIR.

```makefile
EGDIR=                  ${PREFIX}/share/examples/mutt
CONF_FILES=             ${EGDIR}/Muttrc ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}/Muttrc
```

--------------------------------

### Test DESTDIR Full Support

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/configuring.html

Commands to verify that a package can be built and installed without root privileges.

```bash
$ id
uid=1000(myusername) gid=100(users) groups=100(users),0(wheel)
$ mkdir $HOME/packages
$ cd $PKGSRCDIR/foo/bar
```

```bash
$ make stage-install
```

```bash
$ make PACKAGES=$HOME/packages package
```

```bash
$ make PACKAGES=$HOME/packages install
```

```bash
$ make clean
```

--------------------------------

### Demonstrate load-time variable evaluation

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Example showing how variables like CONFIGURE_ARGS are affected by load-time evaluation using the := operator.

```makefile
CONFIGURE_ARGS=         # none
CFLAGS=                 -O
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        CFLAGS=${CFLAGS:Q}

CONFIGURE_ARGS:=        ${CONFIGURE_ARGS}

CFLAGS+=                -Wall
```

--------------------------------

### Verify buildlink path output

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/fixes.html

Example output showing the location of a header within the buildlink directory.

```text
work/.buildlink/include/pango-1.0/pango/pango.h
```

--------------------------------

### Bootstrap pkgsrc as non-root

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/faq.html

Run this command from the pkgsrc directory to install the binary components to a user-writable directory.

```shell
./bootstrap/bootstrap --unprivileged
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize a new package directory

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Initial steps to create a package directory and use url2pkg to bootstrap the Makefile.

```shell
$ mkdir www/nvu
$ cd www/nvu
```

```shell
$ url2pkg http://cvs.nvu.com/download/nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2
```

--------------------------------

### Build a package

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/using.html

Navigate to the package directory and execute the build process.

```shell
% **cd misc/figlet**
% **make**
```

--------------------------------

### Run bob build

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/bulk.html

Initiates the build process for selected packages.

```shell
# **bob build**
```

--------------------------------

### Configure INSTALL script variable substitution

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/components.html

Use FILES_SUBST in the package Makefile to replace placeholders in the INSTALL script.

```Makefile
FILES_SUBST+=  SOMEVAR="somevalue"
```

--------------------------------

### Deploy and configure pbulk tools

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/bulk.html

Commands to initialize the pbulk environment using the helper script.

```shell
# sh pbulk.sh -n # use native make, no bootstrap kit needed (for use on NetBSD)
# sh pbulk.sh -n -c mk.conf.frag # native, apply settings from given mk.conf fragment
# sh pbulk.sh -nlc mk.conf.frag # native, apply settings, configure for limited build
```

--------------------------------

### Initial Build Attempt

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/creating.html

Running bmake to identify missing build dependencies.

```shell
$ bmake
=> Required installed package digest>=20010302: digest-20060826 found
=> Checksum SHA1 OK for nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2
=> Checksum RMD160 OK for nvu-1.0-sources.tar.bz2
===> Patching for nvu-1.0
===> Creating toolchain wrappers for nvu-1.0
===> Configuring for nvu-1.0
[...]
configure: error: Perl 5.004 or higher is required.
[...]
WARNING: Please add USE_TOOLS+=perl to the package Makefile.
[...]
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize package directory structure

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/examples.html

Create the base package directory and auxiliary folders like patches before adding package components.

```shell
# **cd /usr/pkgsrc/lang**
# **mkdir bison**
# **cd bison**
# **mkdir patches**
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize package with url2pkg

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/creating.html

Automatically generate package files from a distribution source URL.

```shell
$ **url2pkg _https://www.example.org/packages/package-1.0.tar.gz_**
```

--------------------------------

### Define a pkgsrc PLIST file

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

The PLIST file lists all files installed by the package.

```text
@comment $NetBSD: pkgsrc.txt,v 1.278 2026/08/03 13:14:57 wiz Exp $
bin/bison
man/man1/bison.1.gz
share/bison.simple
share/bison.hairy
```

--------------------------------

### Build a binary package

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/binary.html

Navigate to the package directory and execute the make package command to generate a compressed tar file.

```shell
$ **cd misc/figlet**
$ **make package**
```

--------------------------------

### Clean package build files

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/using.html

Remove temporary compiled files or dependencies after installation.

```shell
% **make clean**
```

```shell
% **make clean-depends**
```

--------------------------------

### Clean up build files

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/examples.html

Removes source and object files after installation or packaging is complete.

```shell
# **make clean**
===>  Cleaning for bison-1.25
```

--------------------------------

### Checking for Stale Packages

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/using.html

Example output when running lintpkgsrc to identify version mismatches.

```bash
% **lintpkgsrc -i**
...
Version mismatch: 'tcsh' 6.09.00 vs 6.10.00
```

--------------------------------

### Displaying Vulnerability Audit Results

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/using.html

Example output format when a package is identified as vulnerable.

```text
Package samba-2.0.9 has a local-root-shell vulnerability, see
    https://www.samba.org/samba/whatsnew/macroexploit.html
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Game Permissions and Ownership

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/fixes.html

Example configuration for games requiring setgid binaries and persistent score files using pkgsrc variables.

```makefile
USE_GAMESGROUP=         yes

BUILD_DEFS+=            VARBASE

OWN_DIRS_PERMS+=        ${VARBASE}/games/moon-buggy ${GAMEDIR_PERMS}
REQD_FILES_PERMS+=      /dev/null ${VARBASE}/games/moon-buggy/mbscore ${GAMEDATA_PERMS}
SPECIAL_PERMS+=         ${PREFIX}/bin/moon-buggy ${SETGID_GAMES_PERMS}
```

--------------------------------

### Display package build options

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/configuring.html

Run this command to view supported, mutually exclusive, and currently enabled build options for a package.

```text
    The following options are supported by this package:
        ssl      Enable SSL support.
    Exactly one of the following gecko options is required:
        firefox  Use firefox as gecko rendering engine.
        mozilla  Use mozilla as gecko rendering engine.
    At most one of the following database options may be selected:
        mysql    Enable support for MySQL database.
        pgsql    Enable support for PostgreSQL database.

    These options are enabled by default: firefox
    These options are currently enabled: mozilla ssl
```

--------------------------------

### Install missing compiler set

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/faq.html

Commands to extract the comp.tgz compiler set into the root directory.

```shell
# **cd /**
# **tar --unlink -zxvpf .../comp.tgz**
```

--------------------------------

### Template for builtin.mk files

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/buildlink.html

Recommended structure for a builtin.mk file, including logic for detecting system software and determining if it satisfies package dependencies.

```make
.if !defined(IS_BUILTIN.foo)
#
# IS_BUILTIN.foo is set to "yes" or "no" depending on whether "foo"
# genuinely exists in the system or not.
#
IS_BUILTIN.foo?=        no

# BUILTIN_PKG.foo should be set here if "foo" is built-in and its package
# version can be determined.
#
.  if !empty(IS_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
BUILTIN_PKG.foo?=       foo-1.0
.  endif
.endif  # IS_BUILTIN.foo

.if !defined(USE_BUILTIN.foo)
USE_BUILTIN.foo?=       ${IS_BUILTIN.foo}
.  if defined(BUILTIN_PKG.foo)
.    for _depend_ in ${BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.foo}
.      if !empty(USE_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
USE_BUILTIN.foo!=                                                       \
        ${PKG_ADMIN} pmatch '${_depend_}' ${BUILTIN_PKG.foo}            \
        && ${ECHO} "yes" || ${ECHO} "no"
.      endif
.    endfor
.  endif
.endif  # USE_BUILTIN.foo

CHECK_BUILTIN.foo?=     no
.if !empty(CHECK_BUILTIN.foo:M[nN][oO])
#
# Here we place code that depends on whether USE_BUILTIN.foo is set to
# "yes" or "no".
#
.endif  # CHECK_BUILTIN.foo
```

--------------------------------

### Reset PKGREVISION for a new release

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/fixes.html

Example of removing PKGREVISION when updating to a new upstream release.

```makefile
DISTNAME=       foo-17.43
```

--------------------------------

### Define PKGREVISION for a package

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/fixes.html

Example of setting PKGREVISION to append an 'nb' suffix to the package name.

```makefile
DISTNAME=       foo-17.42
PKGREVISION=    9
```

--------------------------------

### Build Error for Unacceptable License

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/fixes.html

Example output when a package license is not included in the ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES variable.

```text
% **make**
===> xv-3.10anb9 has an unacceptable license: xv-license.
===>     To view the license, enter "/usr/bin/make show-license".
===>     To indicate acceptance, add this line to your /etc/mk.conf:
===>     ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=xv-license
*** Error code 1
```

--------------------------------

### Register a shell interpreter

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkginstall.html

Example of setting the PKG_SHELL variable to register a shell, as seen in shells/zsh.

```makefile
PKG_SHELL=      ${PREFIX}/bin/zsh

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Package Directory

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/creating.html

Create the directory structure for a new package within the pkgsrc tree.

```shell
$ mkdir www/nvu
$ cd www/nvu
```

--------------------------------

### Conditionalize C source code

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/components.html

Example of an OS-specific preprocessor check in C source code.

```c
#if defined(__NetBSD__)
```

--------------------------------

### Clean bob build metadata

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/bulk.html

Removes existing build metadata before starting a new build.

```shell
# **bob clean**
```

--------------------------------

### Check for stale packages

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.txt

Use lintpkgsrc to identify installed packages that have newer versions available in pkgsrc.

```shell
% lintpkgsrc -i
```

--------------------------------

### Define Package Conflicts

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/fixes.html

Use the CONFLICTS variable in a Makefile to prevent installation of packages that share the same files.

```makefile
CONFLICTS=      Xaw-Xpm-[0-9]*
```

```makefile
CONFLICTS=      libXaw3d-[0-9]*
```

--------------------------------

### Define directory creation with MAKE_DIRS

Source: https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/pkginstall.html

Use this variable to specify directories that should be created during installation and removed during deinstallation.

```makefile
MAKE_DIRS+=             ${VARBASE}/foo/private
```
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