### Python MetaTrader5 copy_rates_from_pos Example

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5copyratesfrompos_py

Demonstrates how to initialize MetaTrader5, retrieve 10 daily bars for GBPUSD starting from the current position, and then process and display the data. It shows how to get raw rate data and convert it into a pandas DataFrame for easier analysis.

```python
from datetime import datetime
import MetaTrader5 as mt5

# display data on the MetaTrader 5 package
print("MetaTrader5 package author: ", mt5.__author__)
print("MetaTrader5 package version: ", mt5.__version__)

# import the 'pandas' module for displaying data obtained in the tabular form
import pandas as pd
pd.set_option('display.max_columns', 500) # number of columns to be displayed
pd.set_option('display.width', 1500) # max table width to display

# establish connection to MetaTrader 5 terminal
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =", mt5.last_error())
    quit()

# get 10 GBPUSD D1 bars from the current day
rates = mt5.copy_rates_from_pos("GBPUSD", mt5.TIMEFRAME_D1, 0, 10)

# shut down connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
mt5.shutdown()

# display each element of obtained data in a new line
print("Display obtained data 'as is'")
for rate in rates:
    print(rate)

# create DataFrame out of the obtained data
rates_frame = pd.DataFrame(rates)
# convert time in seconds into the datetime format
rates_frame['time']=pd.to_datetime(rates_frame['time'], unit='s')

# display data
print("\nDisplay dataframe with data")
print(rates_frame)
```

--------------------------------

### Get Terminal Build and 64-bit Status

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/check/terminalinfodouble

This example demonstrates how to retrieve the terminal's build number and whether it is a 64-bit version using TerminalInfoInteger. It then prints this information to the journal.

```mql5
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Script program start function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnStart()
{
//--- get the build number of the running terminal and its "64-bit terminal" property
int build = TerminalInfoInteger(TERMINAL_BUILD);
bool x64 = TerminalInfoInteger(TERMINAL_X64);

//--- print the obtained terminal data in the journal
PrintFormat("MetaTrader 5 %s build %d", (x64 ? "x64" : "x32"), build);
/*
result:
MetaTrader 5 x64 build 4330
*/
}
```

--------------------------------

### Simple Custom Indicator Example

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/customind

A basic custom indicator demonstrating indicator properties, buffer mapping with SetIndexBuffer, and the OnCalculate function structure. Use this as a starting point for creating your own indicators.

```mql5
#property indicator_chart_window 
#property indicator_buffers 1 
#property indicator_plots 1 
//---- plot Label1 
#property indicator_label1 "Label1" 
#property indicator_type1 DRAW_LINE 
#property indicator_color1 clrRed 
#property indicator_style1 STYLE_SOLID 
#property indicator_width1 1 
//--- indicator buffers 
double Label1Buffer[]; 
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+ 
//| Custom indicator initialization function | 
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+ 
void OnInit() 
{ 
//--- indicator buffers mapping 
SetIndexBuffer(0,Label1Buffer,INDICATOR_DATA); 
//--- 
} 
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+ 
//| Custom indicator iteration function | 
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+ 
int OnCalculate(const int rates_total, 
const int prev_calculated, 
const int begin, 
const double &price[]) 
  
{ 
//--- 
Print("begin = ",begin," prev_calculated = ",prev_calculated," rates_total = ",rates_total); 
//--- return value of prev_calculated for next call 
return(rates_total); 
}
```

--------------------------------

### Python MetaTrader5 terminal_info() Example

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5terminalinfo_py

This snippet demonstrates how to initialize a connection to MetaTrader 5, retrieve terminal information, and display it in different formats including a named tuple, a dictionary, and a Pandas DataFrame. It also shows how to display package version and author information. Ensure MetaTrader5 is installed and initialized before use.

```python
import MetaTrader5 as mt5
import pandas as pd

# display data on the MetaTrader 5 package
print("MetaTrader5 package author: ",mt5.__author__)
print("MetaTrader5 package version: ",mt5.__version__)

# establish connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =",mt5.last_error())
    quit()

# display data on MetaTrader 5 version
print(mt5.version())

# display info on the terminal settings and status
terminal_info=mt5.terminal_info()
if terminal_info!=None:
    # display the terminal data 'as is'
    print(terminal_info)
    # display data in the form of a list
    print("Show terminal_info()._asdict():")
    terminal_info_dict = mt5.terminal_info()._asdict()
    for prop in terminal_info_dict:
        print(" {}={}".format(prop, terminal_info_dict[prop]))
    print()
    # convert the dictionary into DataFrame and print
    df=pd.DataFrame(list(terminal_info_dict.items()),columns=['property','value'])
    print("terminal_info() as dataframe:")
    print(df)

# shut down connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
mt5.shutdown()
```

--------------------------------

### OnStart Function Signature

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/basis/function/events

The OnStart() function is the Start event handler for scripts. It must be of void type with no parameters.

```mql5
void OnStart();
```

--------------------------------

### Install Supporting Packages

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5

Install essential Python libraries like matplotlib for plotting and pandas for data manipulation. These are commonly used with MetaTrader5 data.

```bash
pip install matplotlib
```

```bash
pip install pandas
```

--------------------------------

### Install MetaTrader5 Package

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5

Install the MetaTrader5 package for Python using pip. This is the first step to enable integration.

```bash
pip install MetaTrader5
```

--------------------------------

### Object Creation and Initialization Examples

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/basis/types/classes

Demonstrates various ways to create and initialize objects of a class using different constructors, including default, parametric, and copy constructors. Also shows dynamic object creation and pointer handling.

```mql5
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Script program start function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnStart()
{
// CFoo foo; // This variant cannot be used - a default constructor is not set
//--- Possible options to create the CFoo object
CFoo foo1(TimeCurrent()); // An explicit call of a parametric constructor
CFoo foo2(); // An explicit call of a parametric constructor with a default parameter
CFoo foo3=D'2009.09.09'; // An implicit call of a parametric constructor
CFoo foo40(foo1); // An explicit call of a copy constructor
CFoo foo41=foo1; // An implicit call of a copy constructor
CFoo foo5; // An explicit call of a default constructor (if there is no default constructor,
// then a parametric constructor with a default value is called)
//--- Possible options to receive CFoo pointers
CFoo *pfoo6=new CFoo(); // Dynamic creation of an object and receiving of a pointer to it
CFoo *pfoo7=new CFoo(TimeCurrent());// Another option of dynamic object creation
CFoo *pfoo8=GetPointer(foo1); // Now pfoo8 points to object foo1
CFoo *pfoo9=pfoo7; // pfoo9 and pfoo7 point to one and the same object
// CFoo foo_array[3]; // This option cannot be used - a default constructor is not specified
//--- Show the value of m_call_time
Print("foo1.m_call_time=",foo1.ToString());
Print("foo2.m_call_time=",foo2.ToString());
Print("foo3.m_call_time=",foo3.ToString());
Print("foo4.m_call_time=",foo4.ToString());
Print("foo5.m_call_time=",foo5.ToString());
Print("pfoo6.m_call_time=",pfoo6.ToString());
Print("pfoo7.m_call_time=",pfoo7.ToString());
Print("pfoo8.m_call_time=",pfoo8.ToString());
Print("pfoo9.m_call_time=",pfoo9.ToString());
//--- Delete dynamically created arrays
delete pfoo6;
delete pfoo7;
//delete pfoo8; // You do not need to delete pfoo8 explicitly, since it points to the automatically created object foo1
//delete pfoo9; // You do not need to delete pfoo9 explicitly. since it points to the same object as pfoo7
}

```

--------------------------------

### Using Resources from Another EX5 Program (with path)

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/runtime/resources

Shows how to use a resource from a different EX5 file by specifying the path to the EX5 file and the resource name, separated by '::'.

```mql
ObjectSetString(0,my_bitmap_name,OBJPROP_BMPFILE,0,"\\\Scripts\\\Draw_Triangles_Script.ex5::Files\\\triangle.bmp");
```

--------------------------------

### Get Terminal Directory Path

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/runtime/resources

Retrieves the path to the directory where the MetaTrader 5 client terminal is started.

```mql5
//--- Folder, in which terminal data are stored
string terminal_path=TerminalInfoString(TERMINAL_PATH);
```

--------------------------------

### Get Trade Request Textual Description

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/constants/structures/mqltradetransaction

This function provides a textual description of a MqlTradeRequest object, starting with the action type and symbol.

```mql
string RequestDescription(const MqlTradeRequest &request)
{
//---   
string desc=EnumToString(request.action)+"\r\n";   
desc+="Symbol: "+request.symbol+"\r\n";   

```

--------------------------------

### Correct Resource Inclusion Examples

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/runtime/resources

Demonstrates correct ways to specify resource paths. Ensure paths adhere to length limits and character restrictions. Resources are compressed automatically.

```mql5
#resource "\\Images\\euro.bmp" // euro.bmp is located in terminal_data_directory\MQL5\Images\
```

```mql5
#resource "picture.bmp" // picture.bmp is located in the same directory as the source file
```

```mql5
#resource "Resource\\map.bmp" // the resource is located in source_file_directory\Resource\map.bmp
```

--------------------------------

### MQL5 Script for OpenCL Program Creation and Execution

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/opencl/clprogramcreate

Demonstrates the initialization of OpenCL objects, including context, program, kernel, and buffer creation, followed by execution.

```MQL5
//--- 
#define ARRAY_SIZE 100 // size of the array
#define TOTAL_ARRAYS 5 // total arrays
//--- OpenCL handles
int cl_ctx; // OpenCL context handle
int cl_prg; // OpenCL program handle
int cl_krn; // OpenCL kernel handle
int cl_mem; // OpenCL buffer handle
//--- 
double DataArray1[]; // data array for CPU calculation
double DataArray2[]; // data array for GPU calculation
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Script program start function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
int OnStart()
{
//--- initialize OpenCL objects
//--- create OpenCL context
if((cl_ctx=CLContextCreate())==INVALID_HANDLE)
{
Print("OpenCL not found. Error=",GetLastError());
return(1);
}
//--- create OpenCL program
if((cl_prg=CLProgramCreate(cl_ctx,cl_src))==INVALID_HANDLE)
{
CLContextFree(cl_ctx);
Print("OpenCL program create failed. Error=",GetLastError());
return(1);
}
//--- create OpenCL kernel
if((cl_krn=CLKernelCreate(cl_prg,"Test_GPU"))==INVALID_HANDLE)
{
CLProgramFree(cl_prg);
CLContextFree(cl_ctx);
Print("OpenCL kernel create failed. Error=",GetLastError());
return(1);
}
//--- create OpenCL buffer
if((cl_mem=CLBufferCreate(cl_ctx,ARRAY_SIZE*TOTAL_ARRAYS*sizeof(double),CL_MEM_READ_WRITE))==INVALID_HANDLE)
{
CLKernelFree(cl_krn);
CLProgramFree(cl_prg);
CLContextFree(cl_ctx);

```

--------------------------------

### Python MT5 copy_ticks_range Example

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5copyticksrange_py

Demonstrates how to retrieve tick data for a symbol within a specific date range using the copy_ticks_range function. It includes necessary imports and setup for MetaTrader 5.

```python
from datetime import datetime
import MetaTrader5 as mt5

# connect to MetaTrader 5
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =", mt5.last_error())
    quit()

# get the last tick on EURUSD H1
symbol = "EURUSD"
date_from = datetime(2023, 10, 26, 10, 0, 0)
date_to = datetime(2023, 10, 26, 11, 0, 0)

# get ticks for the specified range
ticks = mt5.copy_ticks_range(symbol, date_from, date_to, mt5.COPY_TICKS_ALL)

# deinitialize MetaTrader 5
mt5.shutdown()

if ticks is None:
    print("copy_ticks_range failed, error code =", mt5.last_error())
elif len(ticks) == 0:
    print("no ticks found for the specified range")
else:
    # create DataFrame from the obtained data
    ticks_frame = mt5.copy_ticks_range(symbol, date_from, date_to, mt5.COPY_TICKS_ALL)
    print(ticks_frame)
    # display only last 5 ticks from the array
    print("Last 5 ticks:")
    print(ticks_frame[-5:])
```

--------------------------------

### Using Resources from Another EX5 Program (without path)

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/runtime/resources

Demonstrates using a resource from another EX5 file without specifying the EX5 file's path. The system searches for the EX5 file in the same directory as the calling program.

```mql
ObjectSetString(0,my_bitmap_name,OBJPROP_BMPFILE,0,"Draw_Triangles_Script.ex5::Files\\\triangle.bmp");
```

--------------------------------

### Script Program Start Function with Resource Manipulation

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/runtime/resources

Demonstrates using resource variables to display and modify images, create new graphical resources, and apply them to objects. Includes error handling for unavailable resources.

```MQL5
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Script program start function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnStart()
{
//--- output the size of the image [width, height] stored in euro resource variable
Print(ArrayRange(euro,1),", ",ArrayRange(euro,0));
//--- change the image in euro - draw the red horizontal stripe in the middle
for(int x=0;x<ArrayRange(euro,1);x++)
euro[ArrayRange(euro,1)/2][x]=0xFFFF0000;
//--- create the graphical resource using the resource variable
ResourceCreate("euro_icon",euro,ArrayRange(euro,1),ArrayRange(euro,0),0,0,ArrayRange(euro,1),COLOR_FORMAT_ARGB_NORMALIZE);
//--- create the Euro graphical label object, to which the image from the euro_icon resource will be set
Image("Euro","::euro_icon",10,40);
//--- another method of applying the resource, we cannot draw do it
Image("USD","::Images\\[dollar.bmp",15+ArrayRange(euro,1),40);
//--- direct method of addressing the euro.bmp resource is unavailable since it has already been declared via the euro resource variable
Image("E2","::Images\\[euro.bmp",20+ArrayRange(euro,1)*2,40); // execution time error is to occur
}
```

--------------------------------

### Get Relative Program Path for Self-Referential Resources

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/runtime/resources

This example demonstrates how to correctly obtain the relative path to a program's own resource, essential when a custom indicator needs to reference itself or another resource within the same program.

```mq5
#property indicator_separate_window
#property indicator_plots 0
int handle;
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Custom indicator initialization function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
int OnInit()
{
//--- the wrong way to provide a link to itself
//--- string path="\\\Experts\\\SampleEA.ex5::Indicators\\\SampleIndicator.ex5";
//--- the right way to receive a link to itself
string path=GetRelativeProgramPath();
//--- indicator buffers mapping
handle=iCustom(_Symbol,_Period,path,0,0);
if(handle==INVALID_HANDLE)
{
Print("Indicator: iCustom call: Error code=",GetLastError());
return(INIT_FAILED);
}
else Print("Indicator handle=",handle);
//---
return(INIT_SUCCEEDED);
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Custom indicator iteration function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
int OnCalculate(const int rates_total,
const int prev_calculated,
const int begin,
const double& price[])
{
//--- return value of prev_calculated for next call
return(rates_total);
}

```

--------------------------------

### Python MetaTrader5 Login Example

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5login_py

Demonstrates initializing MetaTrader5, logging into trading accounts with and without explicit credentials, and retrieving account information. It also shows how to shut down the connection.

```python
import MetaTrader5 as mt5

# display data on the MetaTrader 5 package
print("MetaTrader5 package author: ", mt5.__author__)
print("MetaTrader5 package version: ", mt5.__version__)

# establish connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =", mt5.last_error())
    quit()

# display data on MetaTrader 5 version
print(mt5.version())

# connect to the trade account without specifying a password and a server
account = 17221085
authorized = mt5.login(account)  # the terminal database password is applied if connection data is set to be remembered
if authorized:
    print("connected to account #{}".format(account))
else:
    print("failed to connect at account #{}, error code: {}".format(account, mt5.last_error()))

# now connect to another trading account specifying the password
account = 25115284
authorized = mt5.login(account, password="gqrtz0lbdm")
if authorized:
    # display trading account data 'as is'
    print(mt5.account_info())
    # display trading account data in the form of a list
    print("Show account_info()._asdict():")
    account_info_dict = mt5.account_info()._asdict()
    for prop in account_info_dict:
        print(" {}={}".format(prop, account_info_dict[prop]))
else:
    print("failed to connect at account #{}, error code: {}".format(account, mt5.last_error()))

# shut down connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
mt5.shutdown()
```

--------------------------------

### Get Symbol Spread Using SymbolInfoInteger

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/marketinformation/symbolinfointeger

This example demonstrates how to retrieve both floating and fixed spread information for the current symbol using SymbolInfoInteger. It also calculates the spread manually using Ask and Bid prices for comparison.

```mql5
void OnTick()
{
//--- obtain spread from the symbol properties
bool spreadfloat=SymbolInfoInteger(Symbol(),SYMBOL_SPREAD_FLOAT);
string comm=StringFormat("Spread %s = %I64d points\r\n",
spreadfloat?"floating":"fixed",
SymbolInfoInteger(Symbol(),SYMBOL_SPREAD)));
//--- now let's calculate the spread by ourselves
double ask=SymbolInfoDouble(Symbol(),SYMBOL_ASK);
double bid=SymbolInfoDouble(Symbol(),SYMBOL_BID);
double spread=ask-bid;
int spread_points=(int)MathRound(spread/SymbolInfoDouble(Symbol(),SYMBOL_POINT));
comm=comm+"Calculated spread = "+(string)spread_points+" points";
Comment(comm);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Get Orders by Group and Display as DataFrame

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5ordersget_py

Fetches active orders matching a group pattern ('*GBP*'), then displays them as a pandas DataFrame. Specific columns are dropped and 'time_setup' is converted to datetime for better readability. Requires pandas to be installed.

```python
# get the list of orders on symbols whose names contain "*GBP*"
gbp_orders=mt5.orders_get(group="*GBP*")
if gbp_orders is None:
    print("No orders with group=\"*GBP*\", error code={}".format(mt5.last_error()))
else:
    print("orders_get(group=\"*GBP*\")={}".format(len(gbp_orders)))
    # display these orders as a table using pandas.DataFrame
    df=pd.DataFrame(list(gbp_orders),columns=gbp_orders[0]._asdict().keys())
    df.drop(['time_done', 'time_done_msc', 'position_id', 'position_by_id', 'reason', 'volume_initial', 'price_stoplimit'], axis=1, inplace=True)
    df['time_setup'] = pd.to_datetime(df['time_setup'], unit='s')
    print(df)
```

--------------------------------

### OpenCL Information Retrieval Example

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/opencl/clgetinfostring

This snippet demonstrates how to initialize an OpenCL context and retrieve various string properties for both the OpenCL platform and the selected device using CLGetInfoString. It also shows how to retrieve integer properties and finally frees the context.

```mql5
void OnStart() 
{
int cl_ctx;
string str;
//--- initialize OpenCL context 
if((cl_ctx=CLContextCreate(CL_USE_GPU_ONLY))==INVALID_HANDLE) 
{
Print("OpenCL not found");
return;
}
//--- Display information about the platform 
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_PLATFORM_NAME,str))
Print("OpenCL platform name: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_PLATFORM_VENDOR,str))
Print("OpenCL platform vendor: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_PLATFORM_VERSION,str))
Print("OpenCL platform ver: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_PLATFORM_PROFILE,str))
Print("OpenCL platform profile: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_PLATFORM_EXTENSIONS,str))
Print("OpenCL platform ext: ",str);
//--- Display information about the device 
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_NAME,str))
Print("OpenCL device name: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_PROFILE,str))
Print("OpenCL device profile: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_BUILT_IN_KERNELS,str))
Print("OpenCL device kernels: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_EXTENSIONS,str))
Print("OpenCL device ext: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_VENDOR,str))
Print("OpenCL device vendor: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_VERSION,str))
Print("OpenCL device ver: ",str);
if(CLGetInfoString(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_OPENCL_C_VERSION,str))
Print("OpenCL open c ver: ",str);
//--- Display general information about the OpenCL device 
Print("OpenCL type: ",EnumToString((ENUM_CL_DEVICE_TYPE)CLGetInfoInteger(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_TYPE))); 
Print("OpenCL vendor ID: ",CLGetInfoInteger(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_VENDOR_ID)); 
Print("OpenCL units: ",CLGetInfoInteger(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_MAX_COMPUTE_UNITS)); 
Print("OpenCL freq: ",CLGetInfoInteger(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_MAX_CLOCK_FREQUENCY)); 
Print("OpenCL global mem: ",CLGetInfoInteger(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_SIZE)); 
Print("OpenCL local mem: ",CLGetInfoInteger(cl_ctx,CL_DEVICE_LOCAL_MEM_SIZE)); 
//--- free OpenCL context 
CLContextFree(cl_ctx);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Get historical bars from a specific date

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5copyratesfrom_py

Retrieves historical bar data for a given financial instrument, timeframe, and starting date. Ensure datetime objects are in UTC for accurate results. Data is returned as a numpy array or None if an error occurs.

```python
from datetime import datetime
import MetaTrader5 as mt5

# connect to MetaTrader 5
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =", mt5.last_error())
    quit()

# get bars for EURUSD H1 starting from 01.01.2020 up to 100 bars
symbol = "EURUSD"
timeframe = mt5.TIMEFRAME_H1
date_from = datetime(2020, 1, 1)
count = 100

rates = mt5.copy_rates_from(symbol, timeframe, date_from, count)

# shut down connection to MetaTrader 5
mt5.shutdown()

if rates is None:
    print("copy_rates_from() failed, error code =", mt5.last_error())
elif len(rates) == 0:
    print("no rates to display")
else:
    # create DataFrame out of the obtained array
    rates_frame = pd.DataFrame(rates)
    # convert time in seconds into the datetime format
    rates_frame.time = pd.to_datetime(rates_frame.time, unit='s')
    # display rates
    print(rates_frame)
```

--------------------------------

### Python MT5 Get Account Info and Display

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5accountinfo_py

Connects to MetaTrader 5, retrieves account information using `account_info()`, and displays it in various formats: raw named tuple, dictionary, and Pandas DataFrame. Ensure MetaTrader 5 is installed and initialized.

```python
import MetaTrader5 as mt5
import pandas as pd

# display data on the MetaTrader 5 package
print("MetaTrader5 package author: ", mt5.__author__)
print("MetaTrader5 package version: ", mt5.__version__)

# establish connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =", mt5.last_error())
    quit()

# connect to the trade account specifying a password and a server
authorized = mt5.login(25115284, password="gqz0343lbdm")
if authorized:
    account_info = mt5.account_info()
    if account_info != None:
        # display trading account data 'as is'
        print(account_info)
        # display trading account data in the form of a dictionary
        print("Show account_info()._asdict():")
        account_info_dict = mt5.account_info()._asdict()
        for prop in account_info_dict:
            print(" {}={}".format(prop, account_info_dict[prop]))
        print()

        # convert the dictionary into DataFrame and print
        df = pd.DataFrame(list(account_info_dict.items()), columns=['property', 'value'])
        print("account_info() as dataframe:")
        print(df)
else:
    print("failed to connect to trade account 25115284 with password=gqz0343lbdm, error code =", mt5.last_error())

# shut down connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
mt5.shutdown()
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize MetaTrader 5 and Get Package Info

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5historyordersget_py

Initializes the MetaTrader 5 terminal connection and prints package author and version information. Ensure MetaTrader 5 is running before execution.

```python
import MetaTrader5 as mt5
from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd

# display data on the MetaTrader 5 package
print("MetaTrader5 package author: ",mt5.__author__)
print("MetaTrader5 package version: ",mt5.__version__)
print()

# establish connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =",mt5.last_error())
    quit()
```

--------------------------------

### Get Open Positions by Symbol Group

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5positionsget_py

Filter open positions using the `group` parameter, which accepts a string of comma-separated conditions, including wildcards and negations. Example: group="*, !EUR" excludes positions with 'EUR' in their symbol name.

```python
import MetaTrader5 as mt5
import pandas as pd

# Ensure you have logged in to MetaTrader 5
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =", mt5.last_error())
    quit()

# Get open positions for a specific group of symbols
# Example: all symbols except those containing 'EUR'
group_filter = "*, !EUR"
positions = mt5.positions_get(group=group_filter)

if positions is None:
    print(f"Error retrieving positions for group '{group_filter}', error code =", mt5.last_error())
elif len(positions) > 0:
    print(f"Total positions for group '{group_filter}':", len(positions))
    tbl = pd.DataFrame(list(positions), columns=positions[0]._fields)
    print(tbl)
else:
    print(f"No open positions found for group '{group_filter}'.")

# Deinitialize MetaTrader 5
mt5.shutdown()

```

--------------------------------

### Using Local Resources

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/runtime/resources

Demonstrates how to use declared resources within the same MQL5 program by prefixing the resource name with '::'.

```mql
ObjectSetString(0,bitmap_name,OBJPROP_BMPFILE,0,"::Images\\\euro.bmp");
ObjectSetString(0,my_bitmap,OBJPROP_BMPFILE,0,"::picture.bmp");
set=ObjectSetString(0,bitmap_label,OBJPROP_BMPFILE,1,"::Files\\\Pictures\\\good.bmp");
PlaySound("::Files\\\Demo.wav");
PlaySound("::Sounds\\\thrill.wav");
```

--------------------------------

### Get Active Orders for a Group of Symbols

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5ordersget_py

Use the 'group' parameter to filter active orders based on symbol name patterns. Wildcards like '*' and negation '!' can be used. For example, group="*, !EUR" retrieves all orders except those with 'EUR' in their symbol name.

```python
import MetaTrader5 as mt5
import pandas as pd

# ensure that MetaTrader5 is initialized and connected to a terminal
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =", mt5.last_error())
    quit()

# get all active orders for symbols starting with "USD"
orders = mt5.orders_get(group="USD*")

# if the list of orders is not empty, display its contents
if orders:
    print("Total orders for USD symbols=", len(orders))
    # create DataFrame out of the list of orders for easier viewing
    orders_frame = pd.DataFrame(list(orders))
    # convert time in seconds into the datetime objects
    orders_frame.time_setup = pd.to_datetime(orders_frame.time_setup, unit='s')
    orders_frame.time_setup_msc = pd.to_datetime(orders_frame.time_setup_msc, unit='ms')
    orders_frame.time_done = pd.to_datetime(orders_frame.time_done, unit='s')
    orders_frame.time_done_msc = pd.to_datetime(orders_frame.time_done_msc, unit='ms')
    orders_frame.time_expire = pd.to_datetime(orders_frame.time_expire, unit='s')
    orders_frame.time_expire_msc = pd.to_datetime(orders_frame.time_expire_msc, unit='ms')
    pd.set_option('display.max_columns', 500) # number of columns to be displayed
    pd.set_option('display.width', 1500) # max table width to display
    print(orders_frame)
else:
    print("No active orders found for USD symbols, error code =", mt5.last_error())

# disconnect from MetaTrader 5 terminal
mt5.shutdown()

```

--------------------------------

### Demonstrating AccountInfoInteger Usage

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/account/accountinfointeger

This example shows how to retrieve and display various integer account properties using AccountInfoInteger, including login, leverage, trade permissions, trade mode, and stop-out mode.

```c++
void OnStart()
{
//--- Show all the information available from the function AccountInfoInteger()
printf("ACCOUNT_LOGIN = %d",AccountInfoInteger(ACCOUNT_LOGIN));
printf("ACCOUNT_LEVERAGE = %d",AccountInfoInteger(ACCOUNT_LEVERAGE));
bool thisAccountTradeAllowed=AccountInfoInteger(ACCOUNT_TRADE_ALLOWED);
bool EATradeAllowed=AccountInfoInteger(ACCOUNT_TRADE_EXPERT);
ENUM_ACCOUNT_TRADE_MODE tradeMode=(ENUM_ACCOUNT_TRADE_MODE)AccountInfoInteger(ACCOUNT_TRADE_MODE);
ENUM_ACCOUNT_STOPOUT_MODE stopOutMode=(ENUM_ACCOUNT_STOPOUT_MODE)AccountInfoInteger(ACCOUNT_MARGIN_SO_MODE);

//--- Inform about the possibility to perform a trade operation
if(thisAccountTradeAllowed)
Print("Trade for this account is permitted");
else
Print("Trade for this account is prohibited!");

//--- Find out if it is possible to trade on this account by Expert Advisors
if(EATradeAllowed)
Print("Trade by Expert Advisors is permitted for this account");
else
Print("Trade by Expert Advisors is prohibited for this account!");

//--- Find out the account type
switch(tradeMode)
{
case(ACCOUNT_TRADE_MODE_DEMO):
Print("This is a demo account");
break;
case(ACCOUNT_TRADE_MODE_CONTEST):
Print("This is a competition account");
break;
default:Print("This is a real account!");
}

//--- Find out the StopOut level setting mode
switch(stopOutMode)
{
case(ACCOUNT_STOPOUT_MODE_PERCENT):
Print("The StopOut level is specified percentage");
break;
default:Print("The StopOut level is specified in monetary terms");
}
}
```

--------------------------------

### initialize()

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5initialize_py

Establishes a connection with the MetaTrader 5 terminal. It can be called with no parameters, with a path to the terminal, or with detailed account and server information.

```APIDOC
## initialize()

### Description
Establishes a connection with the MetaTrader 5 terminal. The terminal can be found automatically, or a specific path can be provided. Connection details like login, password, server, timeout, and portable mode can also be specified.

### Method
`initialize()`

### Parameters

#### Path to Terminal
- **path** (string) - Optional - Path to the MetaTrader 5 terminal EXE file. If not specified, the module attempts to find the executable file on its own.

#### Connection Details
- **login** (int) - Optional - Trading account number. If not specified, the last trading account is used.
- **password** (string) - Optional - Trading account password. If not set, the saved password for the specified trading account is applied automatically.
- **server** (string) - Optional - Trade server name. If not set, the saved server for the specified trading account is applied automatically.
- **timeout** (int) - Optional - Connection timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 60000 (60 seconds).
- **portable** (bool) - Optional - Flag for launching the terminal in portable mode. Defaults to False.

### Return Value
- **True** if the connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal is successful.
- **False** otherwise.

### Note
If necessary, the MetaTrader 5 terminal is launched to establish the connection when executing the `initialize()` call.

### Example
```python
import MetaTrader5 as mt5

# Establish MetaTrader 5 connection to a specified trading account
if not mt5.initialize(login=25115284, server="MetaQuotes-Demo", password="4zatlbqx"):
    print(f"initialize() failed, error code = {mt5.last_error()}")
    quit()

# Display data on connection status, server name and trading account
print(mt5.terminal_info())
# Display data on MetaTrader 5 version
print(mt5.version())

# Shut down connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
mt5.shutdown()
```
```

--------------------------------

### CopyRates - By Start Date and Count

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/series/copyrates

Retrieves a specified number of historical bars starting from a given date for a symbol and timeframe.

```APIDOC
## CopyRates (By Start Date and Count)

### Description
Gets history data of MqlRates structure of a specified symbol-period in specified quantity into the rates_array array, starting from a given date.

### Method
CopyRates

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **symbol_name** (string) - Required - Symbol name.
- **timeframe** (ENUM_TIMEFRAMES) - Required - Period.
- **start_time** (datetime) - Required - Bar time for the first element to copy.
- **count** (int) - Required - Data count to copy.

#### Request Body
- **rates_array[]** (MqlRates) - Required - Target array to copy.

### Return Value
Returns the number of copied elements or -1 in case of an error.
```

--------------------------------

### Placing Pending Orders with TRADE_ACTION_PENDING

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/constants/tradingconstants/enum_trade_request_actions

This example shows how to place pending orders (BUY_LIMIT, SELL_LIMIT, BUY_STOP, SELL_STOP) using the TRADE_ACTION_PENDING operation. It calculates the order price based on the current market price and a specified offset.

```MQL5
#property description "Example of placing pending orders"
#property script_show_inputs
#define EXPERT_MAGIC 123456 // MagicNumber of the expert
input ENUM_ORDER_TYPE orderType=ORDER_TYPE_BUY_LIMIT; // order type
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Placing pending orders |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnStart()
{
//--- declare and initialize the trade request and result of trade request
MqlTradeRequest request={};
MqlTradeResult result={};
//--- parameters to place a pending order
request.action =TRADE_ACTION_PENDING; // type of trade operation
request.symbol =Symbol(); // symbol
request.volume =0.1; // volume of 0.1 lot
request.deviation=2; // allowed deviation from the price
request.magic =EXPERT_MAGIC; // MagicNumber of the order
int offset = 50; // offset from the current price to place the order, in points
double price;  // order triggering price
double point=SymbolInfoDouble(_Symbol,SYMBOL_POINT);  // value of point
int digits=SymbolInfoInteger(_Symbol,SYMBOL_DIGITS);  // number of decimal places (precision)
//--- checking the type of operation
if(orderType==ORDER_TYPE_BUY_LIMIT)
{
request.type =ORDER_TYPE_BUY_LIMIT; // order type
price=SymbolInfoDouble(Symbol(),SYMBOL_ASK)-offset*point; // price for opening   
request.price =NormalizeDouble(price,digits); // normalized opening price   
}
else if(orderType==ORDER_TYPE_SELL_LIMIT)
{
request.type =ORDER_TYPE_SELL_LIMIT; // order type
price=SymbolInfoDouble(Symbol(),SYMBOL_ASK)+offset*point; // price for opening   
request.price =NormalizeDouble(price,digits); // normalized opening price   
}
else if(orderType==ORDER_TYPE_BUY_STOP)
{
request.type =ORDER_TYPE_BUY_STOP; // order type
price =SymbolInfoDouble(Symbol(),SYMBOL_ASK)+offset*point; // price for opening   
request.price=NormalizeDouble(price,digits); // normalized opening price   
}
else if(orderType==ORDER_TYPE_SELL_STOP)
{
request.type =ORDER_TYPE_SELL_STOP; // order type
price=SymbolInfoDouble(Symbol(),SYMBOL_ASK)-offset*point; // price for opening   
request.price =NormalizeDouble(price,digits); // normalized opening price   
}
else Alert("This example is only for placing pending orders"); // if not pending order is selected
//--- send the request
if(!OrderSend(request,result))
PrintFormat("OrderSend error %d",GetLastError()); // if unable to send the request, output the error code
//--- information about the operation
PrintFormat("retcode=%u deal=%I64u order=%I64u",result.retcode,result.deal,result.order);
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Get All Symbols

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/python_metatrader5/mt5symbolsget_py

Connects to MetaTrader 5, retrieves all available symbols, and prints their count and the names of the first five. Ensure MetaTrader 5 is running and accessible.

```python
import MetaTrader5 as mt5

# display data on the MetaTrader 5 package
print("MetaTrader5 package author: ",mt5.__author__)
print("MetaTrader5 package version: ",mt5.__version__)

# establish connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
if not mt5.initialize():
    print("initialize() failed, error code =",mt5.last_error())
    quit()

# get all symbols
symbols=mt5.symbols_get()
print('Symbols: ', len(symbols))
count=0
# display the first five ones
for s in symbols:
    count+=1
    print("{}. {}".format(count,s.name))
    if count==5: break
print()

# shut down connection to the MetaTrader 5 terminal
mt5.shutdown()
```

--------------------------------

### CLBufferRead (Array)

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/opencl/clbufferread

Reads data from an OpenCL buffer into a specified array. You can control the starting offset in the buffer, the starting index in the array, and the number of elements to read.

```APIDOC
## CLBufferRead (Array)

### Description
Reads data from an OpenCL buffer into a specified array. You can control the starting offset in the buffer, the starting index in the array, and the number of elements to read.

### Signature
```c++
uint CLBufferRead(
  int buffer, 
  const void& data[], 
  uint buffer_offset = 0,
  uint data_offset = 0,
  uint data_count = WHOLE_ARRAY
);
```

### Parameters
#### buffer
[in] A handle to the OpenCL buffer.
#### data[]
[in] An array for receiving values from the OpenCL buffer. Passed by reference.
#### buffer_offset
[in] An offset in the OpenCL buffer in bytes, from which reading begins. By default, reading starts with the very beginning of the buffer.
#### data_offset
[in] The index of the first array element for writing the values of the OpenCL buffer. By default, writing of the read values into an array starts from the zero index.
#### data_count
[in] The number of values that should be read. The whole OpenCL buffer is read by default.

### Return Value
The number of read elements. 0 is returned in case of an error. For information about the error, use the GetLastError() function.

### Note
An array of two or more dimensions is presented as one-dimensional. In this case, `data_offset` is the number of elements that should be skipped in the presentation, not the number of elements in the first dimension.
```

--------------------------------

### OpenCL Program Execution and Resource Management

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/opencl/clprogramcreate

Demonstrates the full lifecycle of an OpenCL program, from kernel argument setting and data preparation to execution, result comparison, and cleanup of OpenCL objects. This snippet is useful for understanding the complete workflow of GPU-accelerated computations.

```MQL5
Print("OpenCL buffer create failed. Error=",GetLastError());   
return(1);
}
//--- set OpenCL kernel constant parameters   
CLSetKernelArgMem(cl_krn,0,cl_mem);
CLSetKernelArg(cl_krn,1,ARRAY_SIZE);
CLSetKernelArg(cl_krn,2,TOTAL_ARRAYS);
//--- prepare data arrays   
ArrayResize(DataArray1,ARRAY_SIZE*TOTAL_ARRAYS);
ArrayResize(DataArray2,ARRAY_SIZE*TOTAL_ARRAYS);
//--- fill arrays with data   
for(int j=0; j<TOTAL_ARRAYS; j++)   
{
//--- calculate local start offset for jth array   
uint local_offset=j*ARRAY_SIZE;
//--- prepare array with index j   
for(int i=0; i<ARRAY_SIZE; i++)   
{
//--- fill arrays with function MathCos(i+j);   
DataArray1[i+local_offset]=MathCos(i+j);
DataArray2[i+local_offset]=MathCos(i+j);
}
};
//--- test CPU calculation   
for(int j=0; j<TOTAL_ARRAYS; j++)   
{
//--- calculation of the array with index j   
Test_CPU(DataArray1,ARRAY_SIZE,j,TOTAL_ARRAYS);
}
//--- prepare CLExecute params   
uint offset[]={0};
//--- global work size   
uint work[]={TOTAL_ARRAYS};
//--- write data to OpenCL buffer   
CLBufferWrite(cl_mem,DataArray2);
//--- execute OpenCL kernel   
CLExecute(cl_krn,1,offset,work);
//--- read data from OpenCL buffer   
CLBufferRead(cl_mem,DataArray2);
//--- total error   
double total_error=0;
//--- compare results and calculate error   
for(int j=0; j<TOTAL_ARRAYS; j++)   
{
//--- calculate local offset for jth array   
uint local_offset=j*ARRAY_SIZE;
//--- compare the results   
for(int i=0; i<ARRAY_SIZE; i++)   
{
double v1=DataArray1[i+local_offset];
double v2=DataArray2[i+local_offset];
double delta=MathAbs(v2-v1);
total_error+=delta;
//--- show first and last arrays   
if((j==0) || (j==TOTAL_ARRAYS-1))   
PrintFormat("array %d of %d, element [%d]: %f, %f, [error]=%f",j+1,TOTAL_ARRAYS,i,v1,v2,delta);
}
}
PrintFormat("Total error: %f",total_error);
//--- delete OpenCL objects   
//--- free OpenCL buffer   
CLBufferFree(cl_mem);
//--- free OpenCL kernel   
CLKernelFree(cl_krn);
//--- free OpenCL program   
CLProgramFree(cl_prg);
//--- free OpenCL context   
CLContextFree(cl_ctx);
//---   
return(0);
}
```

--------------------------------

### CopyRates by Start Time and Count

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/series/copyrates

Retrieves a specified number of historical MqlRates structures starting from a given time. Data copied will have a time less than or equal to `start_time`.

```cpp
int CopyRates(
string symbol_name, // symbol name
ENUM_TIMEFRAMES timeframe, // period
datetime start_time, // start date and time
int count, // data count to copy
MqlRates rates_array[] // target array to copy
);
```

--------------------------------

### Get OpenCL Error Description

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/opencl

Retrieve the text description of an OpenCL error. You can pass either a specific error code or CL_LAST_ERROR to get the description of the most recent error.

```mql5
//--- get the code of the last OpenCL error
int code= (int)CLGetInfoInteger(0,CL_LAST_ERROR);
stringdesc;// to get an error text description

//--- use the error code to get an error text description
if(!CLGetInfoString(code,CL_ERROR_DESCRIPTION,desc))
 desc="cannot get OpenCL error description," + (string)GetLastError();
Print(desc);

//--- in order to get the description of the last OpenCL error without getting the code first, pass CL_LAST_ERROR
if(!CLGetInfoString(CL_LAST_ERROR,CL_ERROR_DESCRIPTION,desc))
 desc="cannot get OpenCL error description," + (string)GetLastError();
Print(desc);
```

--------------------------------

### MQL5 OnInit and OnDeinit Implementation

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/migration

Use OnInit for code that must run during program initialization and OnDeinit for code that must run during deinitialization. These functions are analogous to MQL4's init and deinit.

```mql5
void OnInit()
{
//--- Call function upon initialization
init();
}
void OnDeinit(const int reason)
{
//--- Call function upon deinitialization
deinit();
//--- 
}
```

--------------------------------

### Protected Access Specifier Example

Source: https://www.mql5.com/en/docs/basis/types/classes

This example shows a protected member function operator= within class A. Protected members are accessible only within the class itself and its descendant classes.

```cpp
class A   
{
protected:
//--- the copy operator is available only inside class A and its descendants
void operator=(const A &)
{
}
};
class B   
{
//--- class A object declared
A a;
};

```