### Example Static Library Directory Structure (Unix-like)

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/reference/api-abi-versioning

This example shows the expected shared and static library files for a bsoncxx library in a typical Unix-like installation directory.

```none
${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/
├── libbsoncxx.so.1.2.3
├── libbsoncxx.so.10 -> libbsoncxx.so.1.2.3
├── libbsoncxx.so -> libbsoncxx.so.10
├── libbsoncxx-static.a
├── cmake/bsoncxx-1.2.3/
│   ├── bsoncxx-config.cmake
│   └── ...
└── pkgconfig/
   ├── libbsoncxx.pc
   └── libbsoncxx-static.pc
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Install Driver

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/get-started

Commands to compile and install the driver binaries.

```bash
cmake --build .
sudo cmake --build . --target install
```

```bash
cmake --build . --config Release
cmake --build . --config Debug
cmake --install . --config Release
cmake --install . --config Debug
```

--------------------------------

### Example Program Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/include-link

Expected output when running the view_and_value example program.

```none
{ "team" : "platforms", "id" : { "$oid" : "66f4be6fef9eb8b9240619f0" }, "members" : [ "tyler", "jason", "drew", "sam", "ernie", "john", "mark", "crystal" ] }
Got key, key = team
Got String!
Got key, key = id
Got ObjectId!
Got key, key = members
Got Array!
array element: tyler
array element: jason
array element: drew
array element: sam
array element: ernie
array element: john
array element: mark
array element: crystal
as expected, we have a team
document has 3 keys.
document keys are:
team
id
members
```

--------------------------------

### Library Real Name Examples

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/reference/api-abi-versioning

Examples of expected shared library filenames.

```none
libbsoncxx.so.1.0.0
libbsoncxx.so.2.3.4
```

--------------------------------

### Install Conan

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Commands to install Conan and initialize the default profile.

```bash
$ pip install conan
$ conan profile detect --force
```

--------------------------------

### Library Directory Layout Example

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/reference/api-abi-versioning

Example of a library directory containing versioned files and symlinks for API version 1.2.3 and ABI version 10.

```none
${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/
├── libbsoncxx.so.1.2.3
├── libbsoncxx.so.10 -> libbsoncxx.so.1.2.3
├── libbsoncxx.so -> libbsoncxx.so.10
├── cmake/bsoncxx-1.2.3/
│   ├── bsoncxx-config.cmake
│   └── ...
└── pkgconfig/
   └── libbsoncxx.pc
```

--------------------------------

### Install Vcpkg

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Commands to clone and bootstrap the Vcpkg package manager.

```bash
$ git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
$ cd vcpkg
$ ./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Example Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/update/replace

The expected JSON output after a successful document replacement.

```cli
New document: { "_id" : { "$oid" : "..." }, "name" : "La Bernadin" }
```

--------------------------------

### Install to a non-standard directory

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Sets the installation prefix to a custom path.

```bash
cmake ..                                            \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release                      \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/mongo-cxx-driver
```

--------------------------------

### Vector Search Index Creation Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/indexes/vector-search-index

Example output after successfully creating a vector search index.

```cli
New vector search index name: vector_search
```

--------------------------------

### Example Query Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/indexes/compound-index

Sample JSON output representing a document retrieved from the collection.

```cli
{ "_id" :..., "plot" : "Peter Pan enters the nursery of the Darling children...",
..., "year" : 1924, "imdb" : ..., "type", "movie",...}
```

--------------------------------

### Example Execution Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/include-link

Expected output after running the view_and_value executable.

```text
{ "team" : "platforms", "id" : { "$oid" : "67207dcf532837a4470cc090" }, "members" : [ "tyler", "jason", "drew", "sam", "ernie", "john", "mark", "crystal" ] }
Got key, key = team
Got String!
Got key, key = id
Got ObjectId!
Got key, key = members
Got Array!
array element: tyler
array element: jason
array element: drew
array element: sam
array element: ernie
array element: john
array element: mark
array element: crystal
as expected, we have a team
document has 3 keys.
document keys are:
team
id
members
```

--------------------------------

### Example command line output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/get-started

Sample JSON output format returned by the application when querying a movie document.

```none
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "573a1399f29313caabceeb20" },
"plot" : "Two imprisoned men bond over a number of years, finding solace
and eventual redemption through acts of common decency.",
...
"title" : "The Shawshank Redemption",
...
```

--------------------------------

### Configure CMake for Driver Installation

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/include-link

Use this command to specify the C++ standard and installation prefix when the driver is in a non-standard location.

```none
cmake -Bbuild -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17 -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/mongodb/cxx-driver
```

--------------------------------

### Install MongoDB C++ Driver via Vcpkg

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Command to install the driver using the Vcpkg package manager.

```bash
$ ./vcpkg install mongo-cxx-driver
```

--------------------------------

### Insert Sample Data into a Collection

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/query/specify-a-query

Initializes the database and collection, then inserts multiple documents to be used for query examples.

```cpp
mongocxx::uri uri("<connection string>");
mongocxx::client client(uri);
auto db = client["db"];
auto collection = db["fruits"];

std::vector<bsoncxx::document::value> fruits;
fruits.push_back(make_document(kvp("_id", 1), kvp("name", "apples"), kvp("qty", 5), kvp("rating", 3), kvp("color", "red"), kvp("type", make_array("fuji", "honeycrisp"))));
fruits.push_back(make_document(kvp("_id", 2), kvp("name", "bananas"), kvp("qty", 7), kvp("rating", 4), kvp("color", "yellow"), kvp("type", make_array("cavendish"))));
fruits.push_back(make_document(kvp("_id", 3), kvp("name", "oranges"), kvp("qty", 6), kvp("rating", 2), kvp("type", make_array("naval", "mandarin"))));
fruits.push_back(make_document(kvp("_id", 4), kvp("name", "pineapples"), kvp("qty", 3), kvp("rating", 5), kvp("color", "yellow")));

auto result = collection.insert_many(fruits);
```

--------------------------------

### Configure and Build C++ Application with CMake

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Use these commands to configure the build environment with the driver path and install the resulting binary.

```bash
cmake \
    -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$HOME/mongo-cxx-driver \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/app \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH=TRUE \
    -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 \
    -Bcmake-build -S.

cmake --build cmake-build --target install
$HOME/app/bin/app.out
```

--------------------------------

### Query a collection in C++

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/get-started

A complete example demonstrating how to connect to a database and perform a find_one operation.

```cpp
#include <cstdint>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

#include <bsoncxx/builder/basic/document.hpp>
#include <bsoncxx/json.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/client.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/instance.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/uri.hpp>

using bsoncxx::builder::basic::kvp;
using bsoncxx::builder::basic::make_document;

int main() {
    mongocxx::instance instance;
    mongocxx::uri uri("<connection string>");
    mongocxx::client client(uri);
    auto db = client["sample_mflix"];
    auto collection = db["movies"];

    auto result = collection.find_one(make_document(kvp("title", "The Shawshank Redemption")));
    if (result) {
        std::cout << bsoncxx::to_json(*result) << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "No result found" << std::endl;
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Start MongoDB for Integration Tests

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/reference/testing

Command to launch a mongod instance with test commands enabled for integration testing.

```bash
mongod --setParameter enableTestCommands=1
```

```bash
./mongod --setParameter enableTestCommands=1
```

--------------------------------

### Configure project with CMake

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/reference/api-abi-versioning

Use the bsoncxx_ROOT variable to point CMake to the driver installation directory.

```bash
cmake -S example -B example-build -D bsoncxx_ROOT="$INSTALLDIR"
```

--------------------------------

### Example Explain Output Structure

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/aggregation

This is a partial representation of the JSON output from the explain command, showing the 'explainVersion', 'queryPlanner', and 'winningPlan' sections.

```json
{ "explainVersion" : "2", "queryPlanner" : { "namespace" : "sample_restaurants.restaurants",
"indexFilterSet" : false, "parsedQuery" : { "cuisine" : { "$eq" : "Bakery" } }, "queryHash":
"...", "planCacheKey" : "...", "optimizedPipeline" : true, "maxIndexedOrSolutionsReached":
false, "maxIndexedAndSolutionsReached" : false, "maxScansToExplodeReached" : false,
"winningPlan" : { ... }
... }
```

--------------------------------

### Compile with pkg-config

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/reference/api-abi-versioning

Set PKG_CONFIG_PATH to the installation directory and use pkg-config to retrieve compiler and linker flags.

```bash
bsoncxx_cflags="$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$INSTALLDIR" pkg-config --cflags "libbsoncxx >= 1.2.3")"
bsoncxx_ldflags="$(PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$INSTALLDIR" pkg-config --libs "libbsoncxx >= 1.2.3")"
g++ $bsoncxx_cflags -c example-a.cpp
g++ $bsoncxx_cflags -c example-b.cpp
g++ $bsoncxx_ldflags -o example example-a.o example-b.o
```

--------------------------------

### Sample Command Monitoring Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/logging-monitoring/monitoring

Example output generated when a find command is executed while monitoring is enabled.

```none
Command started: find (request_id: 3)
```

--------------------------------

### Configure mongocxx 3.0.x/3.1.x dependency paths

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Explicitly defines the installation directories for libmongoc and libbson.

```bash
cmake ..                                            \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release                      \
    -DLIBMONGOC_DIR=$HOME/mongo-c-driver            \
    -DLIBBSON_DIR=$HOME/mongo-c-driver              \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/mongo-cxx-driver
```

--------------------------------

### Specify Multiple Compression Algorithms

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/network-compression

Include the `compressors` option in your MongoDB URI to enable compression. This example specifies Snappy, Zstandard, and Zlib in that order.

```cpp
#include <mongocxx/instance.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/uri.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/client.hpp>

int main()
{
    mongocxx::instance instance;
    mongocxx::uri uri("mongodb://<hostname>:<port>/?compressors=snappy,zstd,zlib");
    mongocxx::client client(uri);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Starting and Running a Transaction

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/transactions

This snippet shows how to initiate a client session and then execute a transaction function using the retry logic. It includes a try-catch block to handle any unrecoverable exceptions during the transaction process.

```cpp
// Start a client session
auto session = client.start_session();

try {
    run_with_retry(txn_func, session);
} catch (const mongocxx::operation_exception& oe) {
    // Do something with error
    throw oe;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Build Project with Conan

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Commands to install dependencies and build the project using Conan and CMake.

```bash
$ conan install conanfile.txt --output-folder=build --build=missing
$ cmake \
  -B build \
  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=conan_toolchain.cmake \
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
$ cmake --build build
```

--------------------------------

### Monitor Command Started Events

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/logging-monitoring/monitoring

Configures a client with an APM object to track and print details when database commands are initiated.

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <mongocxx/client.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/instance.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/uri.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/options/apm.hpp>

int main() {
    mongocxx::instance instance{};

    int command_started_events = 0;

    mongocxx::options::apm apm_opts;
    apm_opts.on_command_started([&command_started_events](const mongocxx::events::command_started_event& event) {
        command_started_events++;
        std::cout << "Command started: " << event.command_name()
                  << " (request_id: " << event.request_id() << ")" << std::endl;
    });

    mongocxx::uri uri("<connection string URI>");
    mongocxx::options::client client_opts;
    client_opts.apm_opts(apm_opts);

    mongocxx::client client{uri, client_opts};

    // Perform database operations

    std::cout << "Observed " << command_started_events << " command started events" << std::endl;

    return 0;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize the C++ Driver Instance

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/instance

Construct a mongocxx::instance object at the start of the application. This object must persist for the entire duration that any other MongoDB objects are in scope.

```cpp
#include <mongocxx/instance.hpp>

int main()
{
    mongocxx::instance instance;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Explain Aggregation Operation in C++

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/aggregation

Use the `run_command()` method with a BSON document specifying the 'explain' command to get execution plans for an aggregation. This requires constructing a pipeline and then wrapping it within the explain command structure.

```cpp
mongocxx::pipeline stages;

stages.match(make_document(kvp("cuisine", "Bakery")))
      .group(make_document(kvp("_id", "$borough"), kvp("count", make_document(kvp("$sum", 1))))));

auto command = make_document(
    kvp("explain", make_document(
                        kvp("aggregate", "restaurants"),
                        kvp("pipeline", stages.view_array()),
                        kvp("cursor", make_document()))));

auto result = db.run_command(command.view());
std::cout << bsoncxx::to_json(result) << std::endl;
```

--------------------------------

### Integrate C++ Driver with pkg-config

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/include-link

Compile and run a project using pkg-config for dependency management. Requires a full installation of the driver.

```bash
$ c++ /<path-to-mongo-cxx-driver-sources>/examples/bsoncxx/view_and_value.cpp $(pkg-config --cflags libbsoncxx) -I/<path-to-mongo-cxx-driver-sources> $(pkg-config --libs libbsoncxx) -o view_and_value
$ ./view_and_value
{ "team" : "platforms", "id" : { "$oid" : "67207262672b96dc3b0fc150" }, "members" : [ "tyler", "jason", "drew", "sam", "ernie", "john", "mark", "crystal" ] }
Got key, key = team
Got String!
Got key, key = id
Got ObjectId!
Got key, key = members
Got Array!
array element: tyler
array element: jason
array element: drew
array element: sam
array element: ernie
array element: john
array element: mark
array element: crystal
as expected, we have a team
document has 3 keys.
document keys are:
team
id
members
```

--------------------------------

### Example Change Stream Event Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/logging-monitoring/change-streams

A sample JSON representation of a change stream event containing a fullDocument field.

```bash
{ "_id" : { "_data" : "..." }, "operationType" : "update", "clusterTime" :
{ "$timestamp" : { ... } }, "wallTime" : { "$date" : ... },
"fullDocument" : { "_id" : { "$oid" : "..." }, "address" : { "building" : "202-24",
"coord" : [ -73.925044200000002093, 40.559546199999999772 ], "street" :
"Rockaway Point Boulevard", "zipcode" : "11697" }, "borough" : "Queens", "cuisine" :
"Irish", "grades" : [ ... ], "name" : "Blarney Castle", "restaurant_id" : "40366356" },
"ns" : { "db" : "sample_restaurants", "coll" : "restaurants" }, "documentKey" :
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "..." } }, "updateDescription" : { "updatedFields" :
{ "cuisine" : "Irish" }, "removedFields" : [  ], "truncatedArrays" : [  ] } }
```

--------------------------------

### Acceptable Threading Example with Separate Clients

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/thread-safety

Shows a safe threading pattern where each thread uses its own distinct mongocxx::client. Individual synchronization of these separate clients is effective.

```cpp
mongocxx::instance instance{};
mongocxx::uri uri{};
mongocxx::client c1{uri};
mongocxx::client c2{uri};
std::mutex c1_mtx{};
std::mutex c2_mtx{};

auto threadfunc = [](std::string dbname, mongocxx::client& client, std::mutex& mtx) {
  mtx.lock();
  client[dbname]["col"].insert_one({});
  mtx.unlock();
};

// These two clients are individually synchronized, so it is safe to share them between
// threads.
std::thread t1([&]() { threadfunc("db1", c1, c1_mtx); threadfunc("db2", c2, c2_mtx); });
std::thread t2([&]() { threadfunc("db2", c2, c2_mtx); threadfunc("db1", c1, c1_mtx); });

t1.join();
t2.join();
```

--------------------------------

### Ideal Threading Example with mongocxx::pool

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/thread-safety

Illustrates the recommended approach using mongocxx::pool for managing clients across threads. This pattern synchronizes client access while sharing a single background monitoring thread for efficiency.

```cpp
mongocxx::instance instance{};
mongocxx::pool pool{mongocxx::uri{}};

auto threadfunc = [](mongocxx::client& client, std::string dbname) {
  auto col = client[dbname]["col"].insert_one({});
};

// Great! Using the pool allows the clients to be synchronized while sharing only one
// background monitoring thread.
std::thread t1 ([&]() {
  auto c = pool.acquire();
  threadfunc(*c, "db1");
  threadfunc(*c, "db2");
});

std::thread t2 ([&]() {
  auto c = pool.acquire();
  threadfunc(*c, "db2");
  threadfunc(*c, "db1");
});

t1.join();
t2.join();
```

--------------------------------

### Create and Use a Connection Pool

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/connection-pools

Instantiate a mongocxx::pool with a connection URI. Each thread acquires a client using acquire(), performs operations, and the client is automatically returned to the pool when it goes out of scope. This example demonstrates creating a pool, launching three threads that each acquire a client, and inserting a document in each thread.

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>

#include <bsoncxx/builder/basic/document.hpp>
#include <bsoncxx/builder/basic/kvp.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/instance.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/pool.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/uri.hpp>

using bsoncxx::builder::basic::kvp;
using bsoncxx::builder::basic::make_document;

int main() {
    mongocxx::instance instance{};

    mongocxx::uri uri{"mongodb://localhost:27017"};
    mongocxx::pool pool{uri};

    std::vector<std::thread> threads;

    // Creates multiple threads that each acquire a client from the pool
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        threads.emplace_back([&pool, i]() {
            auto client = pool.acquire();
            auto collection = (*client)["db"]["coll"];

            // Inserts a sample document
            collection.insert_one(make_document(kvp("thread_id", i)));

            std::cout << "Thread " << i << " inserted a document" << std::endl;
        });
    }

    // Waits for all threads to complete
    for (auto& thread : threads) {
        thread.join();
    }

    std::cout << "All threads completed" << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

```

--------------------------------

### Configure Explicit Encryption for Insert Operation

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/security/in-use-encryption

This example demonstrates configuring explicit encryption for an insert operation. It shows how to create a data key, set encryption options, encrypt a BSON value, and then insert the encrypted value into the database.

```cpp
// Configure your MongoDB client's encryption options here

class client_encryption client_encryption(std::move(client_encryption_opts));

auto data_key_id = client_encryption.create_data_key("local");
options::encrypt encrypt_opts{};
encrypt_opts.key_id(data_key_id.view());
encrypt_opts.algorithm(options::encrypt::encryption_algorithm::k_deterministic);

// Explicitly encrypts a BSON value
auto to_encrypt = bsoncxx::types::bson_value::make_value("secret message");
auto encrypted_message = client_encryption.encrypt(to_encrypt, encrypt_opts);

// Explicitly decrypts a BSON value
auto decrypted_message = client_encryption.decrypt(encrypted_message);

// Inserts the encrypted value into the database
coll.insert_one(make_document(kvp("encryptedField", encrypted_message)));
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize application file

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/get-started

Commands to navigate to the project directory and create the source file.

```bash
cd cpp-quickstart
touch quickstart.cpp
```

--------------------------------

### Transaction Function Example

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/transactions

This function defines the operations to be performed within a transaction. It starts a transaction, inserts documents into two collections, and then commits the transaction with retry logic.

```cpp
auto txn_func = [&](mongocxx::client_session& session) {
    auto& client = session.client();

    // Define database and collection variables
    auto db = client["sample_mflix"];
    auto movies_collection = db["movies"];
    auto comments_collection = db["comments"];

    // Define an options instance to explicitly set the write concern for the transaction operations
    mongocxx::options::transaction opts;
    mongocxx::write_concern wc;
    wc.acknowledge_level(mongocxx::write_concern::level::k_majority);
    opts.write_concern(wc);

    session.start_transaction(opts);

    // Attempt to insert documents into database collections
    try {
        movies_collection.insert_one(session, make_document(kvp("title", "Parasite")));
        comments_collection.insert_one(session, make_document(kvp("name", "Anjali Patel"),
                                                              kvp("text", "This is my new favorite movie!")));
    } catch (const mongocxx::operation_exception& oe) {
        std::cout << "Caught exception during transaction, aborting."
                  << std::endl;
        session.abort_transaction();
        throw oe;
    }

    commit_with_retry(session);
};
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate Database and Collection

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/query/count

Set up the database and collection references for the sample_training dataset.

```cpp
auto db = client["sample_training"];
auto collection = db["companies"];
```

--------------------------------

### Get Upserted ID from Replace One

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/update/replace

When using `upsert: true`, call `upserted_id()` on the result of `replace_one()` to retrieve the `_id` of the newly inserted document. This example replaces a document and, if an upsert occurs, prints the new document's ID.

```cpp
mongocxx::options::replace opts{};
opts.upsert(true);

auto query_filter = make_document(kvp("name", "In-N-Out Burger"));
auto replace_doc = make_document(kvp("name", "Shake Shack"));

auto result = collection.replace_one(query_filter.view(), replace_doc.view(), opts);
auto id = result->upserted_id()->get_value();

std::cout << "Upserted ID: " << id.get_oid().value.to_string() << std::endl;
```

```cli
// Your ID value may differ
Upserted ID: 67128c5ecc1f8c15ea26fcf8
```

--------------------------------

### Create project directory

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/get-started

Use this command to initialize the project folder.

```bash
mkdir cpp-quickstart
```

--------------------------------

### Get Matched Count from Replace One

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/update/replace

Call the `matched_count()` member function on the result of `replace_one()` to determine how many documents matched the query filter. This example replaces a document named "Shake Shack" and then reports the number of matches.

```cpp
auto query_filter = make_document(kvp("name", "Shake Shack"));
auto replace_doc = make_document(kvp("name", "In-N-Out Burger"));

auto result = collection.replace_one(query_filter.view(), replace_doc.view());
std::cout << "Matched documents: " << result->matched_count() << std::endl;
```

```cli
Matched documents: 11
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Run the Project

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/include-link

Commands to compile the project and execute the resulting binary.

```none
$ cd /home/user/project1
$ cmake -Bbuild
$ cmake --build build
```

```none
$ ./build/view_and_value
```

--------------------------------

### Run the 'hello' Command

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/run-command

Execute the 'hello' command on a database to retrieve information about the replica set member's role. This requires a `mongocxx::database` instance and a BSON document specifying the command.

```cpp
auto db = client["my_database"];

auto command = make_document(kvp("hello" , 1));
auto result = db.run_command(command.view());

std::cout << bsoncxx::to_json(result) << std::endl;
```

```json
{
  "topologyVersion" : {
                          "processId" : ...,
                          "counter" : ...
  },
  "hosts" : [ ... ],
  "setName" : ...,
  "setVersion" : ...,
  "isWritablePrimary" : ...,
  "secondary" :  ...,
  "primary" : ...,
  "tags" : {
              "region" : ...,
              "availabilityZone" : ...,
              "provider" : ...,
              "workloadType" : ...,
              "nodeType" : ...,
              "diskState" : ...
  },
  "me" : ...,
  "electionId" : ...,
  "lastWrite" : ...,
  "lastWriteDate" : ...,
  "majorityOpTime" : ...,
  "majorityWriteDate" : ...,
  "maxBsonObjectSize" : ...,
  "maxMessageSizeBytes" : ...,
  "maxWriteBatchSize" : ...,
  "localTime" : ...,
  "logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes" : ...,
  "connectionId" : ...,
  "minWireVersion" : ...,
  "maxWireVersion" : ...,
  "readOnly" : ...,
  "ok" : ...,
  "$clusterTime" : ...,
  "signature" : ...
 }
```

--------------------------------

### Inspect library install name

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Checks the install name of the library to verify if it includes @rpath.

```bash
otool -D $HOME/mongo-cxx-driver/lib/libmongocxx.dylib
# Prints:
# /Users/kevin.albertson/mongo-cxx-driver/lib/libmongocxx.dylib:
# @rpath/libmongocxx._noabi.dylib
```

--------------------------------

### Install MongoDB C++ Driver via Homebrew

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Command to install the driver on macOS using Homebrew.

```bash
brew install mongo-cxx-driver
```

--------------------------------

### Configure C driver path for non-standard installations

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Specifies the location of the C driver when it is installed in a non-standard directory.

```bash
cmake ..                                            \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release                      \
    -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$HOME/mongo-c-driver        \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/mongo-cxx-driver
```

--------------------------------

### Vector Search Score Output Example

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/mongodb-vector-search

Example JSON output showing document titles and their corresponding vector search scores.

```none
{ "title" : "About Time", "score" : 0.77101051807403564453 }
{ "title" : "Retroactive", "score" : 0.76004779338836669922 }
{ "title" : "A.P.E.X.", "score" : 0.7576859593391418457 }
{ "title" : "Timecop", "score" : 0.757656097412109375 }
{ "title" : "Back to the Future Part II", "score" : 0.75213932991027832031 }
{ "title" : "Thrill Seekers", "score" : 0.75099325180053710938 }
{ "title" : "Timerider: The Adventure of Lyle Swann", "score" : 0.75026416778564453125 }
{ "title" : "The Time Machine", "score" : 0.75025022029876708984 }
{ "title" : "The Time Traveler's Wife", "score" : 0.74949628114700317383 }
{ "title" : "The Final Countdown", "score" : 0.7469132542610168457 }
```

--------------------------------

### Build with CMake and RPATH

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Configure CMake to build and install applications using the C++ driver, noting potential RPATH clearing during installation.

```bash
# Build application ``app`` using the C++ driver from a non-standard install.
cmake \
    -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$HOME/mongo-cxx-driver \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/app \
    -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 \
    -Bcmake-build -S.
cmake --build cmake-build --target app.out
# Running app.out from build tree includes rpath to C++ driver.
./cmake-build ./cmake-build/app.out
# Prints: "successfully connected with C++ driver"

cmake --build cmake-build --target install
# Running app.out from install tree does not include rpath to C++ driver.
$HOME/app/bin/app.out
# Prints "Library not loaded" error.
```

--------------------------------

### Creating a Bulk Write Instance

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/bulk-write

Initialize a bulk write instance to store write instructions.

```cpp
auto bulk = collection.create_bulk_write();
```

--------------------------------

### Example Change Stream Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/logging-monitoring/change-streams

The JSON format of a change event captured by the stream.

```bash
{ "_id" : { "_data" : "..." }, "operationType" : "update", "clusterTime" :
{ "$timestamp" : { ... }, "wallTime" : { "$date" : ... }, "ns" :
{ "db" : "sample_restaurants", "coll" : "restaurants" }, "documentKey" :
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "..." } }, "updateDescription" : { "updatedFields" :
{ "cuisine" : "Irish" }, "removedFields" : [  ], "truncatedArrays" : [  ] } }
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Database and Collection Variables

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/indexes/compound-index

Instantiate the database and collection objects required to interact with the movies collection.

```cpp
auto db = client["sample_mflix"];
auto collection = db["movies"];
```

--------------------------------

### Sample Application Structure

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/indexes

This is a template for a C++ application using the MongoDB driver. Replace placeholders like '<connection string>' with your deployment details. It includes basic error handling for driver operations.

```cpp
#include <iostream>

#include <bsoncxx/builder/basic/document.hpp>
#include <bsoncxx/json.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/client.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/exception/exception.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/instance.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/uri.hpp>

using bsoncxx::builder::basic::kvp;
using bsoncxx::builder::basic::make_document;

int main() {
    try {
        mongocxx::instance instance;

        mongocxx::uri uri("<connection string>");
        mongocxx::client client(uri);

        auto database = client["<database name>"];
        auto collection = database["<collection name>"];

        // Start example code here

        // End example code here

    } catch (const mongocxx::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "An exception occurred: " << e.what() << "\n";
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure CMake with CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Ensure the RPATH is preserved in the installed executable by setting CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH to TRUE.

```bash
# Build application ``app`` using the C++ driver from a non-standard install.
# Use CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH=TRUE to keep rpath entry on installed app.
cmake \
    -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$HOME/mongo-cxx-driver \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/app \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH=TRUE \
    -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 \
    -Bcmake-build -S.

cmake --build cmake-build --target install
$HOME/app/bin/app.out
# Prints "successfully connected with C++ driver"
```

--------------------------------

### Construct a BSON document with the basic builder

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/data-formats/working-with-bson

Use make_document and kvp to create a BSON document in a single statement.

```cpp
using bsoncxx::builder::basic::make_document;
using bsoncxx::builder::basic::kvp;

bsoncxx::document::value course = make_document(
    kvp("title","Poetry"),
    kvp("department","English"));
```

--------------------------------

### Create mongocxx::client Instance

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/client

Construct a mongocxx::uri object with your connection string, then pass it to the mongocxx::client constructor to establish a connection. Most applications need only one client instance.

```cpp
#include <mongocxx/instance.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/uri.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/client.hpp>

int main()
{
    mongocxx::instance instance;
    mongocxx::uri uri("mongodb://localhost:27017");
    mongocxx::client client(uri);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure RPATH for non-standard installations

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Sets the RPATH to the library directory to help the linker locate dependencies.

```bash
cmake ..                                             \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release                       \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/mongo-cxx-driver    \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH=$HOME/mongo-cxx-driver/lib
```

--------------------------------

### Construct a BSON document with the basic builder across multiple statements

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/data-formats/working-with-bson

Initialize a document object and use the append method to add key-value pairs before extracting the final value.

```cpp
using bsoncxx::builder::basic::kvp;

auto course_builder = bsoncxx::builder::basic::document{};
course_builder.append(kvp("title", "Literature"),
                      kvp("department", "English"));

bsoncxx::document::value course{course_builder.extract()};
```

--------------------------------

### Exclude Specific Fields in Projection

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/query/project

General syntax and example for excluding specific fields from the query result.

```cpp
<options instance>.projection(make_document(kvp("<field name>", 0)));
```

```cpp
mongocxx::options::find opts{};
opts.projection(make_document(kvp("grades", 0), kvp("address", 0)));

auto cursor = collection.find(make_document(kvp("name", "Emerald Pub")), opts);
for(auto&& doc : cursor) {
    std::cout << bsoncxx::to_json(doc) << std::endl;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure replace_one with hint option

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/update/replace

Demonstrates creating an index and applying it to a replace_one operation using the hint option.

```cpp
auto index_specification = make_document(kvp("name", 1));
collection.create_index(index_specification.view());

mongocxx::options::replace opts{};
opts.hint(mongocxx::hint{"name_1"});

auto query_filter = make_document(kvp("name", "Nobu"));
auto replace_doc = make_document(kvp("name", "La Bernadin"));

auto result = collection.replace_one(query_filter.view(), replace_doc.view(), opts);
```

--------------------------------

### Exclude _id Field in Projection

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/query/project

Example of including specific fields while explicitly excluding the _id field.

```cpp
mongocxx::options::find opts{};
opts.projection(make_document(kvp("_id", 0), kvp("name", 1), kvp("cuisine", 1), kvp("borough", 1)));

auto cursor = collection.find(make_document(kvp("name", "Emerald Pub")), opts);
for(auto&& doc : cursor) {
    std::cout << bsoncxx::to_json(doc) << std::endl;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Monitor Server Opening Events with C++ Driver

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/logging-monitoring/monitoring

This snippet demonstrates how to monitor server opening events by configuring a callback function using `mongocxx::options::apm::on_server_opening()`. The callback prints the host and port of newly opened servers. Ensure you have the necessary includes and a valid connection string URI.

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <mongocxx/client.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/instance.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/uri.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/options/apm.hpp>

int main() {
    mongocxx::instance instance{};

    int server_opening_events = 0;

    mongocxx::options::apm apm_opts;
    apm_opts.on_server_opening([&server_opening_events](const mongocxx::events::server_opening_event& event) {
        server_opening_events++;
        std::cout << "Server opening: " << event.host() << ":" << event.port() << std::endl;
    });

    mongocxx::uri uri("<connection string URI>");
    mongocxx::options::client client_opts;
    client_opts.apm_opts(apm_opts);

    mongocxx::client client{uri, client_opts};

    // Perform database operations

    std::cout << "Observed " << server_opening_events << " server opening events" << std::endl;

    return 0;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Include Specific Fields in Projection

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/crud/query/project

Example of including name, cuisine, and borough fields in the query result.

```cpp
mongocxx::options::find opts{};
opts.projection(make_document(kvp("name", 1), kvp("cuisine", 1), kvp("borough", 1)));

auto cursor = collection.find(make_document(kvp("name", "Emerald Pub")), opts);
for(auto&& doc : cursor) {
    std::cout << bsoncxx::to_json(doc) << std::endl;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure X.509 Authentication in Connection URI

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/security/authentication/x509

Use this connection string format to enable X.509 authentication. Ensure you replace placeholders with your actual hostname, port, and the path to your client certificate/key file.

```cpp
auto uri = mongocxx::uri("mongodb://<hostname>:<port>/?"
                         "tls=true&tlsCertificateKeyFile=path/to/client.pem&authMechanism=MONGODB-X509");
auto client = mongocxx::client(uri);
```

--------------------------------

### Example Search Query Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/mongodb-search

Represents the expected JSON output format when executing the compound search query.

```none
{ "title" : "New York, New York", "score" : 6.7870168685913085938 }
{ "title" : "New York", "score" : 6.2591872215270996094 }
{ "title" : "New York Doll", "score" : 5.3819599151611328125 }
{ "title" : "Escape from New York", "score" : 4.7203946113586425781 }
{ "title" : "Autumn in New York", "score" : 4.7203946113586425781 }
{ "title" : "Gangs of New York", "score" : 4.7203946113586425781 }
{ "title" : "Sleepless in New York", "score" : 4.7203946113586425781 }
{ "title" : "Sherlock Holmes in New York", "score" : 4.2036685943603515625 }
{ "title" : "New York: A Documentary Film", "score" : 4.2036685943603515625 }
{ "title" : "An Englishman in New York", "score" : 4.2036685943603515625 }
```

--------------------------------

### Troubleshoot macOS library loading errors

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Example of a runtime error caused by missing RPATH configuration on macOS.

```bash
# Tell pkg-config where to find C++ driver installation.
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$HOME/mongo-cxx-driver/lib/pkgconfig
clang++ app.cpp -std=c++11 $(pkg-config --cflags --libs libmongocxx) -o ./app.out
./app.out
# Prints the following error:
# dyld[3217]: Library not loaded: '@rpath/libmongocxx._noabi.dylib'
#   Referenced from: '/Users/kevin.albertson/code/app.out'
#   Reason: tried: '/usr/local/lib/libmongocxx._noabi.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/lib/libmongocxx._noabi.dylib' (no such file)
# zsh: abort      ./app.out
```

--------------------------------

### Run 'connectionStatus' with 'showPrivileges'

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/run-command

Execute the 'connectionStatus' command with the 'showPrivileges' option set to true to retrieve detailed privilege information for authenticated users. This requires a `mongocxx::database` instance and a BSON document specifying the command and its options.

```cpp
auto db = client["my_database"];

auto command = make_document(kvp("connectionStatus" , 1), kvp("showPrivileges", true));
auto result = db.run_command(command.view());

std::cout << bsoncxx::to_json(result) << std::endl;
```

```json
{
  "authInfo" : { "authenticatedUsers" : [ { "user" : ..., "db" : ... } ],
  "authenticatedUserRoles" : [ { "role" : ..., "db" : ... } ],
  "authenticatedUserPrivileges" : [
                                    { "resource" : { "db" : "", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ ... ] },
                                    { "resource" : { "db" : "config", "collection" : "system.sessions" }, "actions" : [ ... ] },
                                    ...,
                                    { "resource" : { "db" : "", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ ... ] }
  ]
},
   "ok" : 1
}
```

--------------------------------

### Integrate Vcpkg with Visual Studio

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/advanced-installation

Command to enable Visual Studio integration for Vcpkg.

```bash
vcpkg integrate install
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Connection via URI

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/languages/cpp/cpp-driver/current/connect/connection-options

Pass connection options as key-value pairs directly within the connection URI string.

```cpp
#include <mongocxx/uri.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/client.hpp>
#include <mongocxx/instance.hpp>

int main()
{
    mongocxx::instance instance;
    mongocxx::uri uri("mongodb://<hostname>:<port>/?tls=true&tlsCertificateKeyFile=path/to/file.pem");
    mongocxx::client client(uri);
}
```