MongoDB with PHP

https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php
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MongoDB with PHP enables developers to build PHP applications using MongoDB and MongoDB Atlas...
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### Command Output Example

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/database-collection

Example output showing the list of collections retrieved from the database.

```console
sessions
movies
theaters
comments
embedded_movies
users
```

--------------------------------

### Install Laravel Breeze

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/application-tutorial

Install the Laravel Breeze authentication package.

```bash
composer require laravel/breeze --dev
```

--------------------------------

### Start Laravel Server

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

Starts the built-in PHP development server.

```bash
php artisan serve
```

--------------------------------

### Copy Environment File

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

Initialize the .env file by copying the example configuration.

```sh
cp .env.example .env
```

--------------------------------

### Install Laravel Installer

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

Installs the Laravel installer globally using Composer.

```bash
composer global require laravel/installer
```

--------------------------------

### Install dependencies

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/llphant

Install LLPhant, MongoDB PHP library, and Symfony dotenv via Composer.

```bash
composer require theodo-group/llphant symfony/dotenv mongodb/mongodb
```

--------------------------------

### Execute the Application

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/llphant

Command to start the PHP application from the project root directory.

```bash
php index.php
```

--------------------------------

### Install Laravel Sanctum

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/user-authentication

Commands to install and publish Laravel Sanctum configuration.

```bash
composer require laravel/sanctum
php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Laravel\Sanctum\SanctumServiceProvider"
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Authentication

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/application-tutorial

Run commands to generate keys, install Breeze, migrate, seed, and build assets.

```bash
php artisan key:generate

php artisan breeze:install
php artisan migrate

php artisan db:seed
npm install
npm run dev
```

--------------------------------

### Install Laravel Passport

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/user-authentication

Run this command from the project root to install Passport and run necessary database migrations.

```bash
php artisan install:api --passport
```

--------------------------------

### Install Laravel Scout

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/scout

Run this command in the application root directory to install the Scout package.

```bash
composer require laravel/scout
```

--------------------------------

### Install Twig Bundle

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/symfony

Install the Twig template engine bundle via Composer.

```text
composer require symfony/twig-bundle
```

--------------------------------

### Install GridFS Flysystem Package

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/filesystems

Install the required package via Composer before configuring the driver.

```bash
composer require league/flysystem-gridfs
```

--------------------------------

### Breeze Stack Selection Interface

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/application-tutorial

Visual representation of the Laravel Breeze installation prompt.

```text
┌ Which Breeze stack would you like to install? ───────────────┐
│ > ● Blade with Alpine                                        │
│   ○ Livewire (Volt Class API) with Alpine                    │
│   ○ Livewire (Volt Functional API) with Alpine               │
│   ○ React with Inertia                                       │
│   ○ Vue with Inertia                                         │
│   ○ API only                                                 │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```

--------------------------------

### Start PHP Development Server

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Launch the built-in PHP web server to host the Drupal application.

```bash
php -S localhost:8080 -t web
```

--------------------------------

### Install API and define route

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

Commands and configuration to enable API routes and map the store method.

```bash
php artisan install:api
```

```php
use App\Http\Controllers\MovieController;

// ...

Route::resource('movies', MovieController::class)->only([
    'store'
]);
```

--------------------------------

### Start Symfony Development Server

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/symfony

Launches the PHP built-in web server from the application root directory.

```bash
symfony server:start
```

--------------------------------

### Verify Composer Configuration

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

The required entry in the composer.json file after installation.

```json
"mongodb/laravel-mongodb": "^5.8"
```

--------------------------------

### Example Document Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/relationships

Shows the resulting document structure in MongoDB collections after establishing relationships.

```json
// Documents in the "planets" collection
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId('65e1043a5265269a03078ad0'),
    name: 'Earth',
    // ...
    space_explorer_ids: [
      '65e1043b5265269a03078ad3',
      '65e1043b5265269a03078ad4',
      '65e1043b5265269a03078ad5'
    ],
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('65e1043a5265269a03078ad1'),
    name: 'Mars',
    // ...
    space_explorer_ids: [ '65e1043b5265269a03078ad4', '65e1043b5265269a03078ad5' ]
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('65e1043b5265269a03078ad2'),
    name: 'Jupiter',
    // ...
    space_explorer_ids: [ '65e1043b5265269a03078ad3', '65e1043b5265269a03078ad5' ]
  }
]

// Documents in the "space_explorers" collection
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId('65e1043b5265269a03078ad3'),
    name: 'Tanya Kirbuk',
    // ...
    planet_ids: [ '65e1043a5265269a03078ad0', '65e1043b5265269a03078ad2' ]
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('65e1043b5265269a03078ad4'),
    name: 'Mark Watney',
    // ...
    planet_ids: [ '65e1043a5265269a03078ad0', '65e1043a5265269a03078ad1' ]
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('65e1043b5265269a03078ad5'),
    name: 'Jean-Luc Picard',
    // ...
    planet_ids: [
      '65e1043a5265269a03078ad0',
      '65e1043a5265269a03078ad1',
      '65e1043b5265269a03078ad2'
    ]
  }
]
```

--------------------------------

### Specify Multiple Hosts

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/connect/connect-to-mongodb

Example of defining multiple hosts in an array for the connection configuration.

```php
'host' => ['node1.example.com:27017', 'node2.example.com:27017', 'node3.example.com:27017'],
```

--------------------------------

### Insert Sample Document

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/modify

Initial document creation used as the basis for subsequent array modification examples.

```php
Concert::create([
    'performer' => 'Mitsuko Uchida',
    'genres' => ['classical', 'dance-pop'],
]);
```

--------------------------------

### Example Output Documents

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/relationships

Shows the resulting document structure in the MongoDB collections after saving the relationship.

```json
// Document in the "planets" collection
{
  _id: ObjectId('65de67fb2e59d63e6d07f8b8'),
  name: 'Earth',
  diameter_km: 12742,
  // ...
}

// Document in the "orbits" collection
{
  _id: ObjectId('65de67fb2e59d63e6d07f8b9'),
  period: 365.26,
  direction: 'counterclockwise',
  planet_id: '65de67fb2e59d63e6d07f8b8',
  // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Implement AuthController Logic

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/user-authentication

Example implementation of login and logout methods within an AuthController.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;

use function response;

class AuthController extends Controller
{
    public function login(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
            'email' => 'required|email',
            'password' => 'required',
        ]);

        if (Auth::attempt($request->only('email', 'password'))) {
            return response()->json([
                'user' => Auth::user(),
                'message' => 'Successfully logged in',
            ]);
        }

        throw ValidationException::withMessages([
            'email' => ['The provided credentials are incorrect.'],
        ]);
    }

    public function logout()
    {
        Auth::logout();

        return response()->json(['message' => 'Successfully logged out']);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Begin and Commit a Transaction

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/transactions

Use DB::beginTransaction() to start a transaction and DB::commit() to persist all changes made to the database.

```php
DB::beginTransaction();
$oldAccount = Account::where('number', 223344)->first();

$newAccount = Account::where('number', 776655)->first();
$newAccount->balance += $oldAccount->balance;
$newAccount->save();

$oldAccount->delete();
DB::commit();
```

--------------------------------

### Search Query Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/atlas-search

Example JSON output from a search query.

```json
[
   { "title": "Dreaming of Jakarta",
     "year": 1990
   },
   { "title": "See You in My Dreams",
     "year": 1996
   }
]
```

--------------------------------

### Specify Single Host

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/connect/connect-to-mongodb

Example of defining a single host and port in the connection configuration.

```php
'host' => 'myhost.example.com:27017',
```

--------------------------------

### Example Output Data Structure

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/relationships

Shows the resulting document structure in MongoDB after saving related models.

```json
// Parent document in the "planets" collection
{
  _id: ObjectId('65dfb0050e323bbef800f7b2'),
  name: 'Jupiter',
  diameter_km: 142984,
  // ...
}

// Child documents in the "moons" collection
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId('65dfb0050e323bbef800f7b3'),
    name: 'Ganymede',
    orbital_period: 7.15,
    planet_id: '65dfb0050e323bbef800f7b2',
    // ...
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('65dfb0050e323bbef800f7b4'),
    name: 'Europa',
    orbital_period: 3.55,
    planet_id: '65dfb0050e323bbef800f7b2',
    // ...
  }
]
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Migration Class for MongoDB

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/schema-builder

Example of a migration class using the MongoDB-specific Blueprint to create a collection and index.

```php
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use MongoDB\Laravel\Schema\Blueprint;

return new class extends Migration
{
    protected $connection = 'mongodb';

    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     */
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('astronauts', function (Blueprint $collection) {
            $collection->index('name');
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     */
    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::drop('astronauts');
    }
};
```

--------------------------------

### Custom Index Definition

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/scout

Example of adding custom index definitions to the config/scout.php file.

```php
'mongodb' => [
    'connection' => env('SCOUT_MONGODB_CONNECTION', 'mongodb'),
    'index-definitions' => [
        'scout_movies' => [
            'mappings' => [
                'dynamic' => false,
                'fields' => ['title' => ['type' => 'string']]
            ]
        ]
    ]
], ...
```

--------------------------------

### Verify Bundle Configuration

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/symfony

Example of the entry in config/bundles.php to confirm the Doctrine MongoDB bundle is enabled.

```php
return [
   // ...
   Doctrine\Bundle\MongoDBBundle\DoctrineMongoDBBundle::class => ['all' => true],
];
```

--------------------------------

### Configuring Additional MongoDB Connections

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/backend-service-tutorial

Example configuration for adding a new MongoDB database connection in database.php.

```php
'mongodb_mflix' => [
            'driver' => 'mongodb',
            'dsn' => env('DB_URI'),
            'database' => 'sample_mflix',
        ],
```

--------------------------------

### PHP Development Server Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Expected output when the PHP development server starts successfully.

```bash
[Date Time] PHP 8.3.0 Development Server (http://localhost:8080) started
```

--------------------------------

### Complete User Model Configuration

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/user-authentication

A full example of a User model configured to use the MongoDB connection and table.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use MongoDB\Laravel\Auth\User as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    protected $connection = 'mongodb';
    protected $table = 'users';

    protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'email',
        'password',
    ];

    protected $hidden = [
        'password',
        'remember_token',
    ];
}
```

--------------------------------

### Add PHP info route

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/backend-service-tutorial

Add a route to verify the MongoDB PHP extension installation.

```php
Route::get('/info', function () {
    phpinfo();
});
```

--------------------------------

### Configure MongoDB Connection Details

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/connect/connect-to-mongodb

Full example of defining a MongoDB connection within the connections array in config/database.php.

```php
'connections' => [
    'mongodb' => [
        'driver' => 'mongodb',
        'dsn' => 'mongodb+srv//myUser:myPass123@sample.host/',
        'database' => 'sample_mflix',
        'options' => [
            'w' => 'majority',
        ],
        'driver_options' => [
            'serverApi' => 1,
        ],
    ],
    // ...
],
```

--------------------------------

### Upsert Method Example

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/modify

Perform a batch upsert operation to update or insert multiple documents.

```php
Concert::upsert([
    ['performer' => 'Angel Olsen', 'venue' => 'Academy of Music', 'ticketsSold' => 275],
    ['performer' => 'Darondo', 'venue' => 'Cafe du Nord', 'ticketsSold' => 300],
], 'performer', ['ticketsSold']);
```

--------------------------------

### Example MongoDB Connection URI

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/connect/connect-to-mongodb

A standard connection string format including credentials, host, port, and query options.

```text
mongodb://myUser:myPass123@localhost:27017/?w=majority&retryWrites=true
```

--------------------------------

### Inserting and Retrieving Versioned Models

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/model-class

Example of inserting documents with and without explicit schema versions and retrieving them to trigger migrations.

```php
// Simulates a document in the collection with schema version 1
Planet::insert([
    [
        'name' => 'WASP-39 b',
        'type' => 'gas',
        'schema_version' => 1,
    ],
]);

// Saves a document with no specified schema version
$saturn = Planet::create([
    'name' => 'Saturn',
    'type' => 'gas',
]);

// Retrieves both models from the collection
$planets = Planet::where('type', 'gas')
    ->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Project Directory

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/llphant

Create the source directory and the DocumentSearchService file on macOS or Linux.

```bash
mkdir -p src
touch src/DocumentSearchService.php
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize index file

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/llphant

Create the initial index.php file on macOS or Linux.

```bash
touch index.php
```

--------------------------------

### Set up API routing

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/backend-service-tutorial

Initialize API routing for the project.

```bash
php artisan install:api
```

--------------------------------

### Enable and Retrieve MongoDB Query Logs

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/query/query-logging

Use the enableQueryLog method to start tracking queries and getQueryLog to retrieve the stored logs in memory.

```php
DB::connection('mongodb')->enableQueryLog();

Movie::where('title', 'Carrie')->get();
Movie::where('year', '<', 2005)->get();
Movie::where('imdb.rating', '>', 8.5)->get();

$logs = DB::connection('mongodb')->getQueryLog();
foreach ($logs as $log) {
    echo json_encode($log, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT) . PHP_EOL;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create project directory

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/llphant

Commands to initialize the project directory structure.

```bash
mkdir llphant-quickstart
cd llphant-quickstart
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Drupal Project

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Creates a new Drupal project directory using Composer.

```bash
composer create-project drupal/recommended-project:11.1.5 drupal-quickstart
cd drupal-quickstart
```

--------------------------------

### Create Laravel Project

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/application-tutorial

Initialize a new Laravel project and enter the directory.

```bash
composer create-project laravel/laravel LaravelMongodbProject
cd LaravelMongodbProject
```

--------------------------------

### Autocomplete Query Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/atlas-search

Example JSON output from an autocomplete query.

```json
[
   "Dreaming of Jakarta",
   "Jakob the Liar",
   "Emily Calling Jake"
]
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieve All Documents

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/query

Fetches all documents from a collection using the get() or all() methods.

```php
SampleModel::get();

// Or, use the all() method.
SampleModel::all();
```

--------------------------------

### Create Drupal Settings File

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Initialize the settings.php file and set appropriate write permissions.

```bash
cd web/sites/default
cp default.settings.php settings.php
chmod 777 settings.php
cd ../../..
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Symfony Project

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/symfony

Creates a new skeleton Symfony project named restaurants.

```bash
composer create-project symfony/skeleton restaurants
```

--------------------------------

### Install Laravel MongoDB Dependency

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

Adds the mongodb/laravel-mongodb package to the project dependencies.

```bash
composer require mongodb/laravel-mongodb:^5.8
```

--------------------------------

### Install MongoDB Module

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Adds the Drupal MongoDB module dependency to the project.

```bash
composer require drupal/mongodb:^3.1
```

--------------------------------

### Sample Application Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/llphant

Expected console output after successfully running the semantic search application.

```text
Adding sample documents...
Added: Le Bernardin
Added: Au Za'atar
Added: Bacaro
Added: Levant
Added: Hangawi

Performing semantic search...
Query: High-end restaurant with unique options and a romantic atmosphere

Search Results:
1. Au Za'atar
   Description: Polished eatery offering shawarma, mezze, and Lebanese dishes, plus outdoor dining. Features authent...

2. Bacaro
   Description: Candlelit basement eatery serving pastas & Venetian small plates alongside Italian wines. Intimate I...

3. Hangawi
   Description: Upscale menu of creative, gourmet Korean fare in a tranquil space where shoes come off at the door. ...
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Environment Variables

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

Define the database connection and URI in the .env file.

```bash
DB_CONNECTION=mongodb
DB_URI="<connection string>"
```

```bash
DB_URI="mongodb+srv://myUser:myPass123@mongo0.example.com/"
```

--------------------------------

### Navigate to Application Directory

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

Changes the current working directory to the newly created application folder.

```bash
cd my-app
```

--------------------------------

### Secure Drupal Settings Files

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Restrict write access to settings files after the installation is complete.

```bash
chmod 555 web/sites/default
chmod 444 web/sites/default/settings.php
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Connection Options in config/database.php

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/connect/connection-options

Use the 'options' array to define connection settings such as application name and compression parameters.

```php
'connections' => [
    'mongodb' => [
        'dsn' => 'mongodb+srv://mongodb0.example.com/',
        'driver' => 'mongodb',
        'database' => 'sample_mflix',
        'options' => [
            'appName' => 'myLaravelApp',
            'compressors' => 'zlib',
            'zlibCompressionLevel' => 7,
        ],
    ],
],
```

--------------------------------

### Deprecation Notice Example

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/upgrade

The notice emitted by the library when using the deprecated 'array' cast type.

```none
USER DEPRECATED  The "array" cast on attribute "<attribute>"
of model "<Model>" stores values as a JSON-encoded string in
MongoDB, which is not the native format. Remove the cast to
store native BSON arrays. If you must keep JSON string
storage, use the "json" cast explicitly.
```

--------------------------------

### List collections via Artisan command

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/database-collection

Execute this command from the project root to display database information and a list of collections.

```bash
php artisan db:show
```

--------------------------------

### Example MongoDB Document Structure

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/backend-service-tutorial

The resulting JSON structure after inserting nested data into MongoDB.

```json
{
  "_id": {...},
  "guid": "cust_2222",
  "first_name": "John",
  "family_name": "Doe",
  "email": [
    "j.doe@gmail.com",
    "j.doe@work.com"
  ],
  "address": {
    "street": "123 my street name",
    "city": "my city",
    "zip": "12345"
  },
  "updated_at": {
    "$date": "2025-05-27T17:38:28.793Z"
  },
  "created_at": {
    "$date": "2025-05-27T17:38:28.793Z"
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Run Database Migrations

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/user-authentication

Command to apply database schema changes.

```bash
php artisan migrate
```

--------------------------------

### Replica Set Connection String

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/connect/connect-to-mongodb

Configure this connection string in your .env file to connect to a replica set, providing multiple hosts for high availability.

```bash
DB_URI="mongodb://myUser:myPass123@host1:27017,host2:27017,host3:27017/?replicaSet=myRS"
```

--------------------------------

### Configure environment variables

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/llphant

Define API keys and connection strings in the .env file.

```bash
VOYAGE_AI_API_KEY=<Voyage AI key>
MONGODB_URI=<connection string>
```

--------------------------------

### Sample Concert Eloquent Model

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/delete

The base model class used for delete operations in this guide.

```php
<?php

namespace App
Models;

use MongoDB\Laravel\Eloquent\Model;

class Concert extends Model
{
    protected $connection = 'mongodb';
    protected $fillable = ['performer', 'venue', 'genres', 'ticketsSold', 'performanceDate'];
    protected $casts = ['performanceDate' => 'datetime'];
}
```

--------------------------------

### Install Doctrine MongoDB ODM Bundle

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/symfony

Adds the Doctrine MongoDB ODM bundle to the Symfony application.

```bash
composer require doctrine/mongodb-odm-bundle
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate and Save Related Models

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/relationships

Demonstrates creating model instances and persisting the relationship between them.

```php
$planet = new Planet();
$planet->name = 'Earth';
$planet->diameter_km = 12742;
$planet->save();

$orbit = new Orbit();
$orbit->period = 365.26;
$orbit->direction = 'counterclockwise';

$planet->orbit()->save($orbit);
```

--------------------------------

### Create Authentication Controller

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/user-authentication

Commands to generate an authentication controller using Artisan.

```php
php artisan make:controller <filename>
```

```php
php artisan make:controller AuthController
```

--------------------------------

### Vector Search Query Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/vector-search

Example JSON output returned from a successful vector search query.

```json
[
   { "title": "Sunrising",
     "plot": "A shy teenager discovers confidence and new friendships during a transformative summer camp experience."
   },
   { "title": "Last Semester",
     "plot": "High school friends navigate love, identity, and unexpected challenges before graduating together."
   }
]
```

--------------------------------

### Insert Sample Documents

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/aggregation-builder

Populates the User model collection with sample data using the insert method.

```php
User::insert([
    ['name' => 'Alda Gröndal', 'occupation' => 'engineer', 'birthday' => new UTCDateTime(new DateTimeImmutable('2002-01-01'))],
    ['name' => 'Francois Soma', 'occupation' => 'engineer', 'birthday' => new UTCDateTime(new DateTimeImmutable('1998-02-02'))],
    ['name' => 'Janet Doe', 'occupation' => 'designer', 'birthday' => new UTCDateTime(new DateTimeImmutable('1987-03-03'))],
    ['name' => 'Eliud Nkosana', 'occupation' => 'engineer', 'birthday' => new UTCDateTime(new DateTimeImmutable('1984-04-04'))],
    ['name' => 'Bran Steafan', 'occupation' => 'engineer', 'birthday' => new UTCDateTime(new DateTimeImmutable('1998-05-05'))],
    ['name' => 'Ellis Lee', 'occupation' => 'designer', 'birthday' => new UTCDateTime(new DateTimeImmutable('1996-06-06'))],
]);
```

--------------------------------

### Query Log Output Format

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/query/query-logging

Example of the JSON output structure returned by the query log methods.

```json
{
  "query": "{ \"find\" : \"movies\", \"filter\" : { \"title\" : \"Carrie\" } }",
  "bindings": [],
  "time": 29476
}
{
  "query": "{ \"find\" : \"movies\", \"filter\" : { \"year\" : { \"$lt\" : { \"$numberInt\" : \"2005\" } } } }",
  "bindings": [],
  "time": 29861
}
{
  "query": "{ \"find\" : \"movies\", \"filter\" : { \"imdb.rating\" : { \"$gt\" : { \"$numberDouble\" : \"8.5\" } } } }",
  "bindings": [],
  "time": 27251
}
```

--------------------------------

### Select Database and List Collections

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Commands to switch to the drupal database and list all available collections.

```javascript
use drupal
show collections
```

--------------------------------

### Node Collection Document Output

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Example JSON document structure returned when querying the node collection.

```text
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId('...'),
    nid: 1,
    vid: 1,
    type: 'article',
    uuid: '...',
    langcode: 'en',
    node_all_revisions: [
      {
        ...
      }
    ],
    node_current_revision: [
      {
        ...
      }
    ],
    node_latest_revision: [
      {
        ...
        title: 'Welcome to My Drupal Site',
        created: ...,
        changed: ...,
        promote: true,
        sticky: false,
        default_langcode: true,
        revision_default: true,
        revision_translation_affected: true,
        node_latest_revision__body: [
          {
            bundle: 'article',
            deleted: false,
            langcode: 'en',
            entity_id: 1,
            revision_id: 1,
            delta: 0,
            body_value: '<p>This is my first article on Drupal with MongoDB!<br>All content is stored as JSON documents in MongoDB.</p>',
            body_summary: '',
            body_format: 'basic_html'
          }
        ],
        node_latest_revision__comment: [
          {
            bundle: 'article',
            deleted: false,
            langcode: 'en',
            comment_status: 2,
            entity_id: 1,
            revision_id: 1,
            delta: 0
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
]
```

--------------------------------

### Enable TLS via Connection String

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/connect/tls

Configure TLS by appending the tls=true parameter to the DSN string in the database configuration.

```php
'connections' => [

    'mongodb' => [
        'driver' => 'mongodb',
        'dsn' => 'mongodb://<hostname>:<port>/?tls=true',
        'database' => 'myDB',
    ]
]
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieve Multiple Documents

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/query

Use the get() method to retrieve all documents that match the specified query filter.

```php
SampleModel::where('<field name>', '<value>')
    ->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Fix Deprecated Boolean Cast

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Replace the deprecated (boolean) cast with (bool) in DocParser.php to resolve installation errors.

```php
$this->ignoreNotImportedAnnotations = (boolean) $bool;
```

```php
$this->ignoreNotImportedAnnotations = (bool) $bool;
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Drupal File Permissions

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Create the public files directory and set permissions for Drupal to write content.

```bash
mkdir -p web/sites/default/files
chmod -R 777 web/sites/default/files
```

--------------------------------

### Error handling for update()

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/modify

Example of the error returned when the retrieval part of an update chain fails to match any documents.

```none
Error: Call to a member function update() on null
```

--------------------------------

### Updating Documents with updateOne

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/backend-service-tutorial

Demonstrates updating a document using the native updateOne method.

```php
Route::get('/update_native/', function (Request $request) {
    $mdb_collection = DB::connection('mongodb')->getCollection('laracoll');
    $match = ['guid' => 'cust_2222'];
    $update = ['$set' => ['first_name' => 'Henry', 'address.street' => '777 new street name'] ];
    $result = $mdb_collection->updateOne($match, $update );
    return ['msg' => 'executed', 'matched_docs' => $result->getMatchedCount(), 'modified_docs' => $result->getModifiedCount()];
});
```

--------------------------------

### Define Search Queries

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/llphant

Examples of search query variables to modify in index.php for testing different semantic results.

```bash
# Sample search queries
$searchQuery = "Casual place for Middle Eastern food";
$searchQuery = "Modern Italian restaurant";
$searchQuery = "Affordable restaurants serving Asian cuisine";
```

--------------------------------

### Set Environment Variables

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/symfony

Define MongoDB connection string and database name in the .env file.

```none
...

MONGODB_URL=<your Atlas connection string>
MONGODB_DB=sample_restaurants
```

--------------------------------

### Create Sparse and TTL Indexes

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/schema-builder

Use the sparse and expire methods on the Blueprint instance to define index properties.

```php
Schema::create('planets', function (Blueprint $collection) {
    $collection->sparse('rings');
    $collection->expire('last_visible_dt', 86400);
});
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieve All Documents

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/query/retrieve

Fetch all documents in a collection by calling get() on the Eloquent model. The all() method serves as an alias for this operation.

```php
$movies = Movie::get();
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate and Save Related Models

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/relationships

Demonstrates creating parent and child records and associating them using the relationship method.

```php
$planet = new Planet();
$planet->name = 'Jupiter';
$planet->diameter_km = 142984;
$planet->save();

$moon1 = new Moon();
$moon1->name = 'Ganymede';
$moon1->orbital_period = 7.15;

$moon2 = new Moon();
$moon2->name = 'Europa';
$moon2->orbital_period = 3.55;

$planet->moons()->save($moon1);
$planet->moons()->save($moon2);
```

--------------------------------

### Create Laravel Application

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

Generates a new Laravel project named my-app.

```bash
laravel new my-app
```

--------------------------------

### Increase ulimit for MongoDB

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Prevents system resource limitations by increasing the open file limit before starting the replica set.

```bash
ulimit -n 64000
```

--------------------------------

### Specify Index Options

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/schema-builder

Pass additional configuration like collation settings to index creation methods via the options parameter.

```php
Schema::create('passengers', function (Blueprint $collection) {
    $collection->index(
        'last_name',
        name: 'passengers_collation_idx',
        options: [
            'collation' => [ 'locale' => 'de@collation=phonebook', 'numericOrdering' => true ],
        ],
    );
});
```

```json
[
  { v: 2, key: { _id: 1 }, name: '_id_' },
  {
    v: 2,
    key: { last_name: 1 },
    name: 'passengers_collation_idx',
    collation: {
      locale: 'de@collation=phonebook',
      caseLevel: false,
      caseFirst: 'off',
      strength: 3,
      numericOrdering: true,
      alternate: 'non-ignorable',
      maxVariable: 'punct',
      normalization: false,
      backwards: false,
      version: '57.1'
    }
  }
]
```

--------------------------------

### Update Environment Variables

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/application-tutorial

Configure the connection string and default database driver in the .env file.

```json
MONGODB_URI=mongodb+srv://YOUR_MONGODB_CONNECTION_STRING
DB_CONNECTION=mongodb
// Other DB_ values here ...
SESSION_DRIVER=mongodb
```

--------------------------------

### Create MongoDB Search Index

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/scout

Run the artisan command to create the search collection and index.

```bash
php artisan scout:index 'App\Models\Movie'
```

--------------------------------

### Find Multiple Documents with Eloquent

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/query/retrieve

Retrieves a collection of documents matching a runtime threshold using where, orderBy, and get methods.

```php
$movies = Movie::where('runtime', '>', 900)
    ->orderBy('id')
    ->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Migrating Model Casts

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/upgrade

Examples showing how to update Eloquent model casts by removing the deprecated 'array' type or replacing it with 'json'.

```php
// Before (deprecated in v5.8)
protected $casts = [
    'options' => 'array',
];

// After: remove the cast to use native BSON storage
protected $casts = [
    // other casts...
];
```

```php
protected $casts = [
    'options' => 'json',
];
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieve Distinct Field Values with Eloquent

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/query/retrieve

Retrieves unique values for a specific field from documents matching a director filter using where, select, distinct, and get methods.

```php
$ratings = Movie::where('directors', 'Sofia Coppola')
    ->select('imdb.rating')
    ->distinct()
    ->get();

echo $ratings;
```

--------------------------------

### Group Aggregation Stage

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/aggregation-builder

Use the group method to modify data structure by grouping by common field values. This example uses the Expression builder to define the group key.

```php
$pipeline = User::aggregate()
    ->group(_id: Expression::fieldPath('occupation'));
$result = $pipeline->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Accessing Collections via Schema and DB Facades

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/upgrade

Illustrates the migration from collection-specific methods to table-based methods for Schema and DB operations.

```php
use Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\Schema;
use Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\DB;
use MongoDB\\Laravel\\Schema\\Blueprint;

// older versions
Schema::collection('app_user', function (Blueprint $collection) { ... });
DB::collection('app_user')->find($id);

// v5.0
Schema::table('app_user', function (Blueprint $table) { ... });
DB::table('app_user')->find($id);
```

--------------------------------

### Configure TLS with Certificates

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/connect/tls

Use the options array to specify TLS settings and paths to required certificate files for secure connections.

```php
'connections' => [

    'mongodb' => [
        'driver' => 'mongodb',
        'dsn' => '<connection string>',
        'database' => 'myDB',
        'options'  => [
            'tls' => true,
            'tlsCAFile' => '<path to CA certificate>',
            'tlsCertificateKeyFile' => '<path to private client certificate>',
            'tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword' => '<path to client key passphrase>',
        ]
    ]
]
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Connection Options via DSN Query String

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/connect/connection-options

Append connection options directly to the DSN string using standard query parameter syntax.

```php
'dsn' => 'mongodb+srv://mongodb0.example.com/?appName=myLaravelApp&compressors=zlib',
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate Models and Attach Relationships

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/relationships

Creates model instances and establishes the many to many relationship using the attach method.

```php
$planetEarth = new Planet();
$planetEarth->name = 'Earth';
$planetEarth->save();

$planetMars = new Planet();
$planetMars->name = 'Mars';
$planetMars->save();

$planetJupiter = new Planet();
$planetJupiter->name = 'Jupiter';
$planetJupiter->save();

$explorerTanya = new SpaceExplorer();
$explorerTanya->name = 'Tanya Kirbuk';
$explorerTanya->save();

$explorerMark = new SpaceExplorer();
$explorerMark->name = 'Mark Watney';
$explorerMark->save();

$explorerJeanluc = new SpaceExplorer();
$explorerJeanluc->name = 'Jean-Luc Picard';
$explorerJeanluc->save();

$explorerTanya->planetsVisited()->attach($planetEarth);
$explorerTanya->planetsVisited()->attach($planetJupiter);
$explorerMark->planetsVisited()->attach($planetEarth);
$explorerMark->planetsVisited()->attach($planetMars);
$explorerJeanluc->planetsVisited()->attach($planetEarth);
$explorerJeanluc->planetsVisited()->attach($planetMars);
$explorerJeanluc->planetsVisited()->attach($planetJupiter);
```

--------------------------------

### Create Sparse, TTL, and Unique Indexes via Options

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/schema-builder

Pass an options array to the index method to define multiple index properties simultaneously.

```php
Schema::create('planet_systems', function (Blueprint $collection) {
    $collection->index('last_visible_dt', options: ['sparse' => true, 'expireAfterSeconds' => 3600, 'unique' => true]);
});
```

--------------------------------

### Configure GridFS with Factory

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/filesystems

Use a factory or service name to provide a custom MongoDB\GridFS\Bucket instance.

```php
use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
use MongoDB\GridFS\Bucket;

'disks' => [
    'gridfs' => [
        'driver' => 'gridfs',
        'bucket' => static function (Application $app): Bucket {
            return $app['db']->connection('mongodb')
                ->getDatabase()
                ->selectGridFSBucket([
                    'bucketName' => 'avatars',
                    'chunkSizeBytes' => 261120,
                ]);
        },
    ],
],
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Task Model and Controller

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/application-tutorial

Artisan command to scaffold the Task model and resource controller.

```bash
php artisan make:model Task --resource --controller
```

--------------------------------

### Create Model and Controller

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/get-started

Generates a new Eloquent model and resource controller using Artisan.

```bash
php artisan make:model Movie -cr
```

--------------------------------

### Executing Aggregation Pipelines

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/backend-service-tutorial

Demonstrates defining and executing an aggregation pipeline to compute average ratings by genre.

```php
Route::get('/aggregate/', function (Request $request) {
    $mdb_collection = DB::connection('mongodb_mflix')->getCollection('movies');

    $stage0 = ['$unwind' => ['path' => '$genres']];
    $stage1 = ['$group' => ['_id' => '$genres', 'averageGenreRating' => ['$avg' => '$imdb.rating']]];
    $stage2 = ['$sort' => ['averageGenreRating' => -1]];
    $aggregation = [$stage0, $stage1, $stage2];

    $mdb_cursor = $mdb_collection->aggregate( $aggregation );

    return ['msg' => 'executed', 'data' => $mdb_cursor->toArray() ];
});
```

--------------------------------

### Use Cache Facade

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/integrations/cache

Access the cache store using the Illuminate facade.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

Cache::get('foo', 5);
```

--------------------------------

### Create and attach embedded models

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/model-data/relationships

Shows how to instantiate models and use the attach method to add them to an embedded relationship.

```php
$spaceship = new SpaceShip();
$spaceship->name = 'The Millenium Falcon';
$spaceship->save();

$cargoSpice = new Cargo();
$cargoSpice->name = 'spice';
$cargoSpice->weight = 50;

$cargoHyperdrive = new Cargo();
$cargoHyperdrive->name = 'hyperdrive';
$cargoHyperdrive->weight = 25;

$spaceship->cargo()->attach($cargoSpice);
$spaceship->cargo()->attach($cargoHyperdrive);
```

--------------------------------

### List Collection Fields via Shell

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/database-collection

Use the artisan command to display collection fields and their data types from the project root.

```bash
php artisan db:table <collection name>
```

--------------------------------

### Connect to MongoDB Replica Set

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php-frameworks/drupal

Establishes a connection to the local three-node replica set using the MongoDB Shell.

```javascript
mongosh "mongodb://localhost:27017,localhost:27018,localhost:27019/?replicaSet=rs0"
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Multiple Database Connections

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/database-collection

Define multiple database connections in config/database.php to access different databases.

```php
'connections' => [

    'mongodb' => [
        'driver' => 'mongodb',
        'dsn' => 'mongodb://localhost:27017/',
        'database' => 'animals',
    ],

    'mongodb_alt' => [
        'driver' => 'mongodb',
        'dsn' => 'mongodb://localhost:27017/',
        'database' => 'plants',
    ]

], ...
```

--------------------------------

### Insert a document using the save() method

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/insert

Instantiate a model, assign values to its properties, and persist it to the database using the save() method.

```php
$concert = new Concert();
$concert->performer = 'Mitsuko Uchida';
$concert->venue = 'Carnegie Hall';
$concert->genres = ['classical'];
$concert->ticketsSold = 2121;
$concert->performanceDate = Carbon::create(2024, 4, 1, 20, 0, 0, 'EST');
$concert->save();
```

--------------------------------

### Deleting Documents with deleteOne

Source: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/php/laravel-mongodb/current/interact-data/backend-service-tutorial

Demonstrates deleting a document using the native deleteOne method.

```php
Route::get('/delete_native/', function (Request $request) {
    $mdb_collection = DB::connection('mongodb')->getCollection('laracoll');
    $match = ['guid' => 'cust_2222'];
    $result = $mdb_collection->deleteOne($match );
    return ['msg' => 'executed', 'deleted_docs' =>
    $result->getDeletedCount() ];
});
```
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