Memento Protocol

https://mementoweb.org/guide
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Memento Protocol enables web archiving and time travel functionality for the web by providing a...
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### Example Paged TimeMap (JSON)

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/timemap-json

This example shows TimeMap #2, which covers Mementos between 2003-05-13T00:00:13Z and 2006-10-05T20:30:51Z. It includes mandatory and recommended information elements for paged TimeMaps.

```json
{
  "original_uri": "http://example.com/",
  "timegate_uri": "http://an.archive.org/timegate/http://example.com/",
  "timemap_uri": {
    "json_format": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/2/json/http://example.com/",
    "link_format": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/2/link/http://example.com/"
  },
  "mementos": {
    "first": {
      "datetime": "2000-06-21T04:41:56Z",
      "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20000621044156/http://example.com/"
    },
    "last": {
      "datetime": "2009-04-10T23:45:20Z",
      "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20090410234520/http://example.com/"
    },
    "list": [
      {
        "datetime": "2003-05-13T00:00:13Z",
        "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20030513000013/http://example.com/"
      },
      {
        "datetime": "2005-04-10T07:05:12Z",
        "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20050410070512/http://example.com/"
      },
      {
        "datetime": "2006-10-05T20:30:51Z",
        "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20061005203051/http://example.com/"
      }
    ]
  },
  "pages": {
    "prev": {
      "from": "2000-06-21T04:41:56Z",
      "until": "2003-05-12T22:25:15Z",
      "uri": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/1/json/http://example.com/"
    },
    "next": {
      "from": "2006-10-06T00:00:57Z",
      "until": "2009-04-10T23:45:20Z",
      "uri": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/3/json/http://example.com/"
    }
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Sample TimeMap in application/link-format

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/quick-intro

This example demonstrates a TimeMap serialized using the application/link-format, as specified by RFC 7089. It lists links to the original resource, its TimeGate, various Mementos with their archival datetimes, and the TimeMap itself.

```http
<http://a.example.org>;rel="original", <http://arxiv.example.net/timemap/http://a.example.org>; rel="self"; type="application/link-format" ; from="Tue, 20 Jun 2000 18:02:59 GMT" ; until="Wed, 21 Jun 2000 04:41:56 GMT", <http://arxiv.example.net/timegate/http://a.example.org>; rel="timegate", <http://arxiv.example.net/web/20000620180259/http://a.example.org>; rel="first memento";datetime="Tue, 20 Jun 2000 18:02:59 GMT", <http://arxiv.example.net/web/20091027204954/http://a.example.org>; rel="last memento";datetime="Tue, 27 Oct 2009 20:49:54 GMT", <http://arxiv.example.net/web/20000621011731/http://a.example.org>; rel="memento";datetime="Wed, 21 Jun 2000 01:17:31 GMT", <http://arxiv.example.net/web/20000621044156/http://a.example.org>; rel="memento";datetime="Wed, 21 Jun 2000 04:41:56 GMT"
```

--------------------------------

### Basic JSON TimeMap Example

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/timemap-json

A basic TimeMap serialization in JSON format. It includes the original resource URI, TimeGate URI, TimeMap URIs in both JSON and link formats, and details of the first, last, and all listed Mementos.

```json
{
  "original_uri": "http://example.com/",
  "timegate_uri": "http://an.archive.org/timegate/http://example.com/",
  "timemap_uri": {
    "json_format": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/json/http://example.com/",
    "link_format": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/link/http://example.com/"
  },
  "mementos": {
    "first": {
      "datetime": "2000-06-21T04:41:56Z",
      "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20000621044156/http://example.com/"
    },
    "last": {
      "datetime": "2012-08-31T12:22:34Z",
      "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20120831122234/http://example.com/"
    },
    "list": [
      {
        "datetime": "2000-06-21T04:41:56Z",
        "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20000621044156/http://example.com/"
      },
      {
        "datetime": "2008-04-10T20:30:51Z",
        "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20080410203051/http://example.com/"
      },
      {
        "datetime": "2012-08-31T12:22:34Z",
        "uri": "http://an.archive.org/20120831122234/http://example.com/"
      }
    ]
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP Request for Datetime Negotiation (Pattern 1.1)

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

Use this HEAD or GET request against a resource's generic URI with an Accept-Datetime header to retrieve a specific historical version. The server will redirect to the appropriate version URI.

```http
HEAD /TR/webarch/ HTTP/1.1
Host: www.w3.org
Accept-Datetime: Sat, 11 Sep 2004 00:00:00 GMT
Connection: close
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP GET Request to Version URI

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

Access the specific archived version of a resource by issuing a GET request to the `version URI` provided in the TimeGate's redirect response. The `Memento-Datetime` header confirms the archived date.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 2013 18:34:32 GMT
Last-Modified: Mon, 16 Aug 2004 05:48:58 GMT
Content-Length: 176246
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Memento-Datetime: Mon, 16 Aug 2004 05:48:58 GMT
Link: <http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/> ; rel="original", <http://www.w3.org/TR/timegate/webarch/> ; rel="timegate", <http://www.w3.org/TR/timemap/webarch/> ; rel="timemap", <http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/PR-webarch-20041105/> ; rel="memento next"; datetime="Mon, 05 Nov 2004 19:00:40 GMT", <http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-webarch-20040705/> ; rel="memento prev"; datetime="Mon, 05 Jul 2004 17:46:22", <http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-webarch-20041215/> ; rel="memento last"; datetime="Wed, 15 Dec 2004 20:19:19 GMT",
```

--------------------------------

### Support Version Navigation with Memento Links

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

Utilize the Link header with 'memento' relation types (e.g., 'prev memento', 'next memento') to enable navigation between resource versions. Include the 'datetime' attribute to specify when each version was current.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 2013 17:32:36 GMT
Last-Modified: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 19:00:40 GMT
Content-Length: 193907
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Memento-Datetime: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 19:00:40 GMT
Link: <http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/> ; rel="original", <http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-webarch-20040816/> ; rel="prev memento"; datetime="Mon, 16 Aug 2004 05:48:58 GMT", <http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-webarch-20041215/> ; rel="next last memento"; datetime="Wed, 15 Dec 2004 20:19:19 GMT"
```

--------------------------------

### Relate Version URI to Generic URI with Link Header

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

Employ the Link header with the 'original' relation type to connect a version URI to its corresponding generic URI. This is useful for understanding the lineage of a resource.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 2013 17:32:36 GMT
Last-Modified: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 19:00:40 GMT
Content-Length: 193907
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Memento-Datetime: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 19:00:40 GMT
Link: <http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/>; rel="original"
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP Redirect to Version URI

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

A successful datetime negotiation with a TimeGate results in a redirect (302 Found) to the specific `version URI` of the archived resource. The `Vary` header indicates datetime negotiation support.

```http
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 2013 19:04:20 GMT
Vary: accept-datetime
Location: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-webarch-20040816/
Link: <http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/>; rel="original", <http://www.w3.org/TR/timemap/webarch/>; rel="timemap"
Content-Length: 0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Connection: close
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP Response with Redirection (Pattern 1.1)

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

This response indicates a successful redirection to a specific version of the resource. The Location header provides the URI of the desired version, and the Vary header signals support for datetime negotiation.

```http
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 2013 18:34:22 GMT
Vary: accept-datetime
Location: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-webarch-20040816/
Link: <http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/>; rel="original timegate", <http://www.w3.org/TR/timemap/webarch/>; rel="timemap"
Content-Length: 0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Connection: close
```

--------------------------------

### Expressing Temporal Stability with Memento-Datetime

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

Use the `Memento-Datetime` header to indicate that a resource will no longer change. Its value represents the date and time the resource became stable, expressed in GMT.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 2013 13:47:46 GMT
Last-Modified: Sat, 14 Dec 2013 13:47:46 GMT
Memento-Datetime: Thu, 14 Nov 2013 23:49:00 GMT
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP HEAD Request to TimeGate URI

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

Engage in datetime negotiation with a TimeGate by sending a HEAD request with the `Accept-Datetime` header. This helps in finding the closest archived version.

```http
HEAD /TR/timegate/webarch/ HTTP/1.1
Host: www.w3.org
Accept-Datetime: Sat, 11 Sep 2004 00:00:00 GMT
Connection: close
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP Response with TimeGate Link

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

The response to a request against a generic URI may include a `Link` header pointing to the TimeGate, which facilitates datetime negotiation.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 2013 19:04:13 GMT
Link: <http://www.w3.org/TR/timegate/webarch/>; rel="timegate", Content-Length: 0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Connection: close
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP Response for a Resource that is Both Memento and Original

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/resourcetype

This HTTP response header indicates that a resource is both a Memento and an Original Resource. It includes Memento-Datetime and Link headers pointing to itself as 'original memento' and to another archived version.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 02 Mar 2011 20:30:01 GMT
Memento-Datetime: Tue, 1 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT
Link: <http://jcdl2008.org/>;rel="original memento", <http://jcdl.org/archived-conf-sites/jcdl2008/>;rel="memento"
Last-Modified: Tue, 24 Jun 2008 19:46:21 GMT
Etag: "7e3480-176a-4506ed07c767e"
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 5994
Connection: Keep-Alive
```

--------------------------------

### Express Version Datetime with Memento-Datetime

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

Use the Memento-Datetime header to indicate the publication date of a version resource. This header guarantees the resource's state at that time.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 2013 17:32:36 GMT
Last-Modified: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 19:00:40 GMT
Content-Length: 193907
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Memento-Datetime: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 19:00:40 GMT
```

--------------------------------

### Expressing Spatial Stability with Link Header

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/howto

Use the `Link` header with the `original` relation type to indicate that a resource is frozen at its original URI. This helps distinguish in-situ frozen resources from those archived at different URIs.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 2013 13:47:46 GMT
Last-Modified: Sat, 14 Dec 2013 13:47:46 GMT
Memento-Datetime: Thu, 14 Nov 2013 23:49:00 GMT
Link: <https://twitter.com/hvdsomp/status/401134723210416128>; rel="original"
```

--------------------------------

### Identify Memento Resource via HTTP Headers

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/resourcetype

A resource is identified as a Memento if it includes a 'Memento-Datetime' header and an HTTP Link header with the 'original' relation type. The 'Memento-Datetime' header specifies the archival time, and the 'original' Link points to the Original Resource.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Memento-Datetime: Wed, 17 Jul 2013 00:00:02 GMT
Link: <http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="original", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/timemap/link/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="timemap"; type="application/link-format", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/timegate/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="timegate", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/memento/20130717000002/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="memento"; datetime="Wed, 17 Jul 2013 00:00:02 GMT", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/memento/20130717180001/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="memento last"; datetime="Wed, 17 Jul 2013 18:00:01 GMT", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/memento/20120522174322/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="memento first"; datetime="Tue, 22 May 2012 17:43:22 GMT", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/memento/20130717180001/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="memento next"; datetime="Wed, 17 Jul 2013 18:00:01 GMT", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/memento/20130716180001/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="memento prev"; datetime="Tue, 16 Jul 2013 18:00:01 GMT"
Server: nginx/1.2.8
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2013 20:49:35 GMT
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP Response for Resource Excluded from Datetime Negotiation

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/resourcetype

This HTTP response header includes a Link header with rel="type" and a Target IRI of "/terms/donotnegotiate". This signals that clients should not perform datetime negotiation with this resource, often used for archival assets like images.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Tengine/1.4.6
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2013 22:01:34 GMT
Content-Type: image/png
Link: </terms/donotnegotiate>; rel="type"
Etag: W/"1385-1353381282000"
Last-Modified: Tue, 20 Nov 2012 03:14:42 GMT
X-Archive-Wayback-Perf: [, , , , , , , Total: 2, ]
X-Archive-Playback: 0
X-Page-Cache: HIT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 1385
Connection: Keep-Alive
Age: 0
```

--------------------------------

### TimeMap Index JSON Structure

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/timemap-json

This JSON structure represents a TimeMap Index, which provides pointers to individual TimeMaps. It includes the original resource URI, TimeGate URI, and a list of individual TimeMaps with their archival date intervals and URIs.

```json
{
  "original_uri": "http://example.com/",
  "timegate_uri": "http://an.archive.org/timegate/http://example.com/",
  "timemap_uri": {
    "json_format": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/json/http://example.com/",
    "link_format": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/link/http://example.com/"
  },
  "timemap_index": [
    {
      "from": "2000-06-21T04:41:56Z",
      "until": "2003-05-12T22:25:15Z",
      "uri": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/1/json/http://example.com/"
    },
    {
      "from": "2003-05-13T00:00:13Z",
      "until": "2006-10-05T20:30:51Z",
      "uri": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/2/json/http://example.com/"
    },
    {
      "from": "2006-10-06T00:00:57Z",
      "until": "2012-08-31T12:22:34Z",
      "uri": "http://an.archive.org/timemap/3/json/http://example.com/"
    }
  ]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Identifying a TimeGate with HTTP Headers

Source: https://mementoweb.org/guide/resourcetype

A TimeGate resource is identified by the 'Vary: accept-datetime' header. The response typically includes 'original', 'timemap', and 'memento' Link headers.

```HTTP
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/memento/20130717180001/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello
Vary: accept-datetime
Link: <http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="original", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/timemap/link/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="timemap"; type="application/link-format", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/memento/20130717180001/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="memento last"; datetime="Wed, 17 Jul 2013 18:00:01 GMT", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/memento/20120522174322/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="memento first"; datetime="Tue, 22 May 2012 17:43:22 GMT", <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/twa/memento/20130717000002/http://lanlsource.lanl.gov/hello> ; rel="memento prev"; datetime="Wed, 17 Jul 2013 00:00:02 GMT"
Server: nginx/1.2.8
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2013 20:48:05 GMT
Content-Length: 0
Connection: keep-alive
```
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