### Calculate Data Section Offset

Source: https://maxmind.github.io/MaxMind-DB

Use this formula to calculate the offset within the data section when a record value points to data. The value is relative to the start of the data section.

```plaintext
$data_section_offset = ( $record_value - $node_count ) - 16
```

--------------------------------

### Simplified File Offset Calculation

Source: https://maxmind.github.io/MaxMind-DB

A simplified formula to directly calculate the file offset from the record value, node count, and search tree size.

```plaintext
$offset_in_file = ( $record_value - $node_count )
                  + $search_tree_size_in_bytes
```

--------------------------------

### 24-bit Node Record Layout

Source: https://maxmind.github.io/MaxMind-DB

Layout for small databases where one node is 6 bytes total.

```text
| <------------- node --------------->|
| 23 .. 0          |          23 .. 0 |
```

--------------------------------

### 32-bit Node Record Layout

Source: https://maxmind.github.io/MaxMind-DB

Layout for large databases where one node is 8 bytes total.

```text
| <------------- node --------------->|
| 31 .. 0          |          31 .. 0 |
```

--------------------------------

### 28-bit Node Record Layout

Source: https://maxmind.github.io/MaxMind-DB

Layout for medium databases where one node is 7 bytes total. Four bits of each pointer are combined into the middle byte.

```text
| <------------- node --------------->|
| 23 .. 0 | 27..24 | 27..24 | 23 .. 0 |
```

--------------------------------

### Calculate File Offset from Data Section Offset

Source: https://maxmind.github.io/MaxMind-DB

This formula determines the actual offset in the file by adding the search tree size and data section separator to the data section offset.

```plaintext
$offset_in_file = $data_section_offset
                  + $search_tree_size_in_bytes
                  + 16
```

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