### Telegrinder demo bot: /start handler and run loop

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website

The README example. Creates a Telegrinder bot that answers /start with a greeting built from the sender's and bot's full names. Requires a valid bot token in place of "123:token" and calls bot.run_forever() to start polling.

```python
from telegrinder import API, Message, Telegrinder, Token
from telegrinder.modules import setup_logger
from telegrinder.rules import Text

setup_logger(level="INFO")
api = API(token=Token("123:token"))
bot = Telegrinder(api)


@bot.on.message(Text("/start"))
async def start(message: Message) -> None:
    me = (await api.get_me()).unwrap()
    await message.answer(f"Hello, {message.from_user.full_name}! I'm {me.full_name}.")


bot.run_forever()

```

--------------------------------

### Checkbox waiter example

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/states

Use bot.dispatch.checkbox for multi-select flows. The example shows adding options with normal and selected text, and editing the message with the picked keys.

```python
@bot.on.message(Text("/checkbox"))
async def action(message: Message) -> None:
    picked, message_id = await (
        bot.dispatch.checkbox(
            message.chat_id,
            message="Check your checkbox",
            cancel_text="Cancel",
            max_in_row=2,
        )
        .add_option("apple", "Apple", "Apple 🍏")
        .add_option("banana", "Banana", "Banana 🍌", is_picked=True)
        .add_option("pear", "Pear", "Pear 🍐")
        .wait(message.api)
    )

    await message.edit(
        text="You picked: {}".format(", ".join(key for key, value in picked.items() if value)),
        chat_id=message.chat.id,
        message_id=message_id,
    )
```

--------------------------------

### Choice waiter example

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/states

Use bot.dispatch.choice to let the user pick exactly one option. The example shows adding options with normal and selected text, and editing the message with the chosen value.

```python
@bot.on.message(Text("/choice"))
async def action(message: Message) -> None:
    chosen, message_id = await (
        bot.dispatch.choice(message.chat.id, message="Choose something", max_in_row=1)
        # First text is the normal option, second text is the selected version.
        .add_option("apple", "Apple 🔴", "Apple 🟢")
        .add_option("banana", "Banana 🔴", "Banana 🟢", is_picked=True)
        .add_option("pear", "Pear 🔴", "Pear 🟢")
        .wait(message.api)
    )

    await message.edit(
        text=f"You chose: {chosen}",
        message_id=message_id,
    )
```

--------------------------------

### Create a regular keyboard with buttons

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/keyboard

Builds a keyboard with buttons '1', '2', and '3', using .add() to add buttons to the current row and .row() to start a new row.

```python
from telegrinder.tools import Button, Keyboard

keyboard = (
    Keyboard()
    .add(Button("1"))
    .add(Button("2"))
    .row()
    .add(Button("3"))
)
```

--------------------------------

### Run the bot with bot.run_forever()

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/setting-up

Add this line at the end of the file to start polling and receive updates asynchronously in a loop.

```python
bot.run_forever()
```

--------------------------------

### MemoryStateStorage with StateEnum

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/states

Creates a memory-backed state storage and a StrEnum of state keys. Use this as the starting point for long-lived user state in Telegrinder.

```python
import enum

from telegrinder import MemoryStateStorage, Message, StateData
from telegrinder.rules import StateMeta, Text

states = MemoryStateStorage()


class StateEnum(enum.StrEnum):
    CURSED = "cursed"
    BLESSED = "blessed"

```

--------------------------------

### Set, get, and delete state with states API

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/states

Shows the three most common state operations: set, get, and delete. MemoryStateStorage does not survive process restarts, so use external storage like Redis when state must persist.

```python
await states.set(user_id, StateEnum.BLESSED, {"source": "admin"})
state = await states.get(user_id)
await states.delete(user_id)
```

--------------------------------

### Create named and unnamed global contexts

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/global-context

Shows how to instantiate GlobalContext with or without a name. An unnamed context is created with no arguments, and a named context is created by passing a string; the example asserts that an unnamed context is not equal to a named one.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext

ctx = GlobalContext()  # unnamed
assert ctx != GlobalContext("context")
```

--------------------------------

### Use unwrap to get value or raise exception

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/functional-bits

Demonstrates the unwrap method: returns the value on success, raises UnwrapError on error. The second line will raise an exception.

```python
divide(6, 3).unwrap() == 2
divide(3, 0).unwrap()  # Exception UnwrapError("Cannot divide by zero")
```

--------------------------------

### Format code block with pre_code

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/text

Use pre_code from telegrinder.tools.formatting to render a code block with a specified language. Pass the code string and the lang parameter to get a properly formatted block instead of a plain string with indentation.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.formatting import pre_code


snippet = pre_code(
    "print('Hello from telegrinder')",
    lang="python",
)
```

--------------------------------

### Payload as a model with msgspec.Struct

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/keyboard

Use a model for more serious menus where callback_data may be a str, dict, dataclass, or msgspec.Struct. The example defines an ItemModel(msgspec.Struct) and builds an InlineKeyboard with an InlineButton whose callback_data is that model.

```python
import msgspec

from telegrinder.tools.keyboard import InlineButton, InlineKeyboard


class ItemModel(msgspec.Struct):
    item: str
    amount: int
    action: str


keyboard = (
    InlineKeyboard()
    .add(
        InlineButton(
            "Buy doughnut",
            callback_data=ItemModel(item="doughnut", amount=100, action="buy"),
        )
    )
)
```

--------------------------------

### Format a message with HTML helper and formatting functions

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/text

Builds a formatted Telegram message using the HTML helper and formatting functions. The example shows how to combine links, spoilers, inline code, and bold text with the << operator. The rendered output is shown in the documentation: 'Documentation: Python docs', 'Token: `123:secret-token`', and '**Do not share this with anyone.**'.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.formatting import HTML, bold, code_inline, link, spoiler


text = (
    HTML
    << "Documentation: "
    << link("https://docs.python.org/3/", text="Python docs")
    << "\n"
    << "Token: "
    << spoiler(code_inline("123:secret-token"))
    << "\n"
    << bold("Do not share this with anyone.")
)
```

--------------------------------

### Import HTML formatting helpers

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/formatting

Imports the HTML entrypoint and formatting helpers from telegrinder.tools.formatting.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.formatting import HTML, bold, italic, mention
```

--------------------------------

### Send a local file with InputFile

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/media

Builds an InputFile from bytes read from a local path and sends it as a photo with a caption. Use when the file already exists on disk or in memory.

```python
import pathlib

from telegrinder import Message
from telegrinder.types import InputFile

cool_bytes = pathlib.Path("examples/assets/satie.jpeg").read_bytes()


@bot.on.message(Text("/photo"))
async def start(message: Message) -> None:
    await message.answer_photo(
        InputFile("satie.jpeg", cool_bytes),
        caption="Erik",
    )

```

--------------------------------

### GlobalContext

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/global-context

The GlobalContext class stores values for the entire program by name. It inherits from dict and supports named contexts, setting and getting values, deletion, clearing, renaming, and type-hinting.

```APIDOC
## GlobalContext

### Description
The global context stores values for the entire program that can be set by name. The base global context inherits from the `dict` class, so it works like a `dict` object.

### Import
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext
```

### Abstract Interface
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import ABCGlobalContext
```

### Constructor
```python
GlobalContext(*args, **kwargs)
```
- `*args` - Optional positional arguments for dict initialization.
- `**kwargs` - Optional keyword arguments to set context variables. Values can be `CtxVar` instances.

### Methods

#### `get_value(name, type=None)`
- **name** (str) - Required - The name of the context variable.
- **type** (type) - Optional - The expected type of the value.
- Returns a `Result` that unwraps to the value if found, or an error if not found.

#### `get(name, type)`
- **name** (str) - Required - The name of the context variable.
- **type** (type) - Required - The expected type of the value.
- Returns a `GlobalCtxVar` if the type matches, otherwise raises `AssertionError`.

#### `delete_ctx()`
- Deletes the context. Returns a `Result` that unwraps to `None` on success, or an error if the context is unnamed.

#### `rename(old_name, new_name)`
- **old_name** (str) - Required - The current name of the variable.
- **new_name** (str) - Required - The new name for the variable.
- Returns a `Result` that unwraps to `None` on success, or an error if the variable is const.

#### `clear(include_consts=False)`
- **include_consts** (bool) - Optional - If `True`, also removes constant variables. Defaults to `False`.

### Magic Methods
- `__iter__` - Iterates over context variables.
- `__contains__` - Checks if a variable name exists.
- `__eq__` - Compares two contexts for equality.
- `__bool__` - Returns `True` if the context is not empty.

### Examples

#### Setting and Getting Values
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext, CtxVar

ctx = GlobalContext(name="Alex", url=CtxVar("https://google.com", const=True))
ctx.arseny  # 'cool programmer' (unknown type)
ctx["arseny"]  # 'cool programmer' (unknown type)
ctx.get_value("arseny", str).unwrap()  # 'cool programmer' (type 'str')
ctx.lul  # NameError: Name 'lul' is not defined in '<Unnamed global context at 0x7f8d07eb1f80>'.
ctx.get_value("wupi woop").unwrap()  # UnwrapError: Name 'wupi woop' is not defined in '<Unnamed global context at 0x7f8d07eb1f80>'.
```

#### Setting Values
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext

ctx = GlobalContext()
ctx.kitten = Kitten()  # cool!
ctx["items"] = ["Oopa", "Loopa", "Woopa"]  # very nice!
```

#### Deleting Values
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext, CtxVar

ctx = GlobalContext(first="woop", second=CtxVar("wop", const=True))
del ctx.woop  # cool!
del ctx["wop"]  # cannot delete const context variable!
```

#### Getting with Type
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext, CtxVar

ctx = GlobalContext(name="Alex", URL=CtxVar("https://google.com", const=True))
URL = ctx.get("URL", int)  # AssertionError: "Context variable value type of 'str' does not correspond to the expected type 'int'."
URL = ctx.get("URL", str).unwrap()  # <GlobalCtxVar(URL=ConstCtxVar(value='https://google.com'))>
```

#### Clearing
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext, CtxVar

ctx = GlobalContext(name="Alex", URL=CtxVar("https://google.com", const=True))
ctx.clear()  # exclude constants
ctx.clear(include_consts=True)
```

#### Deleting Context
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext

ctx = GlobalContext("context")
ctx.delete_ctx().unwrap()  # ok!

ctx = GlobalContext()
ctx.delete_ctx().unwrap()  # error: cannot delete unnamed context!
```

#### Renaming
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext, CtxVar

ctx = GlobalContext(georgy="cool", telegrinder=CtxVar("cool", const=True))
ctx.rename("georgy", "arseny").unwrap()
ctx.arseny  # 'cool'
ctx.georgy  # is not defined
ctx.rename("telegrinder", "other framework").unwrap()  # error: cannot rename const context variable!
```

#### Type-Hinting
```python
import typing

from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext, ctx_var


class MyGlobalContext(GlobalContext):
    __ctx_name__ = "context"

    supplier: str
    COOKIES: typing.Final[set[str]] = ctx_var(default={"chocolate", "chip", "cracker"}, const=True, init=False)

ctx = MyGlobalContext(supplier="Brooklyn Born Chocolate")  # <MyGlobalContext@context contains variables: <GlobalCtxVar(supplier=<CtxVar(value='Brooklyn Born Chocolate')>)>, <GlobalCtxVar(COOKIES=<ConstCtxVar(value={'chocolate', 'chip', 'cracker'})>)>>
```

#### Magic Methods
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext

global_ctx = GlobalContext(db_session=DatabaseSession(...), waiter_machine=WaiterMachine())
ctx_vars = list(ctx1)
assert "db_session" in global_ctx and "http_client" not in global_ctx  # ok
assert global_ctx  # ok, is not empty
other_ctx = GlobalContext()
assert global_ctx == other_ctx  # ok, same
```

### Built-in Type-Hinted Context
```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import TelegrinderContext
```
```

--------------------------------

### Import GlobalContext

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/global-context

Import the GlobalContext class from the telegrinder.tools.global_context module.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext
```

--------------------------------

### Create an inline keyboard with InlineKeyboard and InlineButton

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/keyboard

Builds a two-row inline keyboard: buttons 1 and 2 on the first row, then a new row with button 3. Each button carries a `callback_data` payload. Use this when you need buttons attached to a message that send callback data instead of text.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.keyboard import InlineButton, InlineKeyboard

inline_keyboard = (
    InlineKeyboard()
    .add(InlineButton("1", callback_data="button/1"))
    .add(InlineButton("2", callback_data="button/2"))
    .row()
    .add(InlineButton("3", callback_data="button/3"))
)
```

--------------------------------

### Blueprint-style handler module and bot entry point

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/dispatch

The handlers/start.py module defines a global Dispatch instance named dp. The bot entry point loads all handlers from the directory recursively. This pairs the module definition with the loader call for a blueprint-style layout.

```python
# handlers/start.py
from telegrinder import Dispatch

dp = Dispatch(name="start")
```

```python
bot.on.load_from_dir("handlers", recursive=True)
```

--------------------------------

### Send formatted message with parse_mode

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/formatting

Uses the HTML string object with parse_mode=HTML.PARSE_MODE to send a formatted message. The example shows a handler that mentions the sender by their first name and user ID.

```python
parse_mode=HTML.PARSE_MODE
```

```python
@bot.on.message(Text("/formatting"))
async def formatting(message: Message) -> None:
    await message.answer(
        HTML << "Hello, " << mention(message.from_user.first_name, user_id=message.from_user.id),
        parse_mode=HTML.PARSE_MODE,
    )
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Telegrinder bot with API and Token

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/setting-up

Creates the core bot instance. Requires a token from BotFather. The Token class is used for strong typing and security, and API is the instance for accessing the Telegram API.

```python
from telegrinder import Telegrinder, API, Token

api = API(Token("your-token-here"))
bot = Telegrinder(api)
```

--------------------------------

### Create admin router and dispatch

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/dispatch

Creates a separate router for an admin zone, registers a handler for the /ban command, and creates a Dispatch that uses this router. This helps organize code by logical domains.

```python
from telegrinder import Dispatch, Message, Router
from telegrinder.rules import Text

admin_router = Router(name="admin")


@admin_router.message(Text("/ban"))
async def ban_handler(message: Message) -> None:
    # All admin-related logic can stay inside this router.
    await message.answer("Admin action")


admin = Dispatch(router=admin_router, name="admin-dispatch")
```

--------------------------------

### Basic error handling with event_error

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/handling-errors

Registers two message handlers that raise different exceptions and an event_error handler that catches them. The error handler receives an Error[RuntimeError, ValueError] node and can access the exception via err.exception. The example shows the expected chat output for both the 

```python
from telegrinder import Message
from telegrinder.node import Error
from telegrinder.rules import IsUser, Text


@bot.on.message(Text("oops"))
async def oops_handler(message: Message) -> None:
    await message.answer("Oh no")
    raise RuntimeError("Wow")


@bot.on.message(Text("woops"))
def woops_handler() -> None:
    raise ValueError("Wow oopsii!")


@bot.on.event_error(IsUser())
async def error_handler(err: Error[RuntimeError, ValueError], message: Message) -> None:
    await message.answer(f"Something went wrong: {err.exception}")

```

--------------------------------

### Basic LoopWrapper usage

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/loop-wrapper

Creates a LoopWrapper, schedules a background task with add_task, and runs the wrapper. Use this when you need a standalone event-loop orchestration outside of a bot instance.

```python
from telegrinder.tools import LoopWrapper

loop_wrapper = LoopWrapper()


async def main() -> None:
    await open_db_connection()
    await close_db_connection()


loop_wrapper.add_task(main())
loop_wrapper.run()
```

--------------------------------

### Send static keyboard with FruitsKeyboard.get_markup()

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/keyboard

Sends the keyboard by passing FruitsKeyboard.get_markup() to reply_markup in a message answer. Use this when a handler should present the static keyboard to the user.

```python
@bot.on.message(Text("/eat"))
async def eat(message: Message) -> None:
    await message.answer(
        "What do you want to eat?",
        reply_markup=FruitsKeyboard.get_markup(),
    )

```

--------------------------------

### Escape user input with escape() before formatting

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/text

Escapes user-controlled text before formatting it as bold in a Telegram message. The example uses the escape() helper to prevent markup injection from user names. The documentation shows that a first_name like '<i>George</i>' is rendered as '**< i>George</i>**'.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.formatting import HTML, bold, escape


@bot.on.message()
async def echo_name(message: Message) -> None:
    unsafe_name = message.from_user.first_name

    await message.answer(
        HTML << "Your nickname: " << bold(escape(unsafe_name))
    )
```

--------------------------------

### Import JSONSerializer and MsgPackSerializer

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/keyboard

Import the two main payload serializers provided by Telegrinder: JSONSerializer and MsgPackSerializer.

```python
from telegrinder.tools import JSONSerializer, MsgPackSerializer
```

--------------------------------

### Get context variable values with type checking

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/global-context

Retrieves a context variable value. `ctx.arseny` and `ctx["arseny"]` return the value with an unknown type, while `ctx.get_value("arseny", str).unwrap()` returns it typed as `str`. Accessing a missing name raises `NameError: Name 'lul' is not defined`.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext, CtxVar

ctx = GlobalContext(arseny="cool programmer")
ctx.arseny  # 'cool programmer' (unknown type)
ctx["arseny"]  # 'cool programmer' (unknown type)
ctx.get_value("arseny", str).unwrap()  # 'cool programmer' (type 'str')
ctx.lul  # NameError: Name 'lul' not defined
```

--------------------------------

### Using bot.loop_wrapper for tasks, lifespan hooks, and timers

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/loop-wrapper

In actual bot code you usually do not create and run a separate wrapper manually. Instead, use the shared wrapper that Telegrinder already creates internally.

```python
bot.loop_wrapper.add_task(...)
bot.loop_wrapper.lifespan.on_startup(...)
bot.loop_wrapper.timer(...)
```

--------------------------------

### Auto-load dispatches from a directory with load_from_dir

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/dispatch

Walks over Python files in the given directory, imports them, looks for global Dispatch instances, and loads them into the main dispatch. Useful for blueprint-style project layouts.

```python
bot.on.load_from_dir("handlers", recursive=True)
```

--------------------------------

### Send a regular keyboard with a message

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/keyboard

Handles the /keyboard command and sends a message with the keyboard markup using keyboard.get_markup().

```python
@bot.on.message(Text("/keyboard"))
async def handle_keyboard_command(message: Message) -> None:
    await message.answer(
        "Here is your keyboard",
        reply_markup=keyboard.get_markup(),
    )
```

--------------------------------

### Mini player state machine with Telegrinder State and mutation

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/states

Defines three state classes (Stopped, Playing, Paused) with mutation methods that transition between states, and a handler that uses pattern matching to process the play command. The handler expects a state of type Stopped | Paused | Playing and an optional song name; it returns a string message based on the current state.

```python
import datetime
from dataclasses import dataclass

from telegrinder.tools.state_mutator import State, mutation


@dataclass
class Stopped(State):
    @mutation
    def play(self, song: str, offset: datetime.timedelta = datetime.timedelta(0)) -> "Playing":
        return Playing(song, offset, datetime.datetime.now())


@dataclass
class Playing(State):
    song: str
    offset: datetime.timedelta
    started_at: datetime.datetime

    @mutation
    def stop(self) -> "Stopped":
        return Stopped()

    @mutation
    def pause(self) -> "Paused":
        offset = datetime.datetime.now() - self.started_at
        return Paused(song=self.song, offset=offset + self.offset, stopped_at=datetime.datetime.now())


@dataclass
class Paused(State):
    song: str
    offset: datetime.timedelta
    stopped_at: datetime.datetime

    @mutation
    def stop(self) -> "Stopped":
        return Stopped()

    @mutation
    def play(self) -> "Playing":
        return Playing(self.song, self.offset, datetime.datetime.now())
```

```python
@bot.on.message(Command("play", Argument("song_name", optional=True)))
async def play_song_handler(state: Stopped | Paused | Playing, song_name: str | None = None) -> str:
    match state:
        case Stopped():
            if song_name is None:
                return "You need to provide a song name"

            await state.play(song_name)
            return f"Started {song_name}"

        case Paused():
            await state.play()
            return f"Continuing {state.song}"

        case Playing():
            return "Already playing"
```

--------------------------------

### Set context variables with CtxVar in GlobalContext __init__

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/global-context

Creates a GlobalContext and sets context variables by keyword arguments in `__init__()`. The `CtxVar` wrapper can mark a value as constant with `const=True`.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import GlobalContext, CtxVar

ctx = GlobalContext(name="Alex", url=CtxVar("https://google.com", const=True))
```

--------------------------------

### Using StateMutator in handlers with state type hints

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/states

Shows how to use StateMutator with state classes in bot handlers. Handlers accept the current state object and call transition methods on it; the handler only runs when the state matches the type hint. The third handler accepts a union of states.

```python
@bot.on.message(Text("/die"))
async def die_handler(alive: AliveState) -> str:
    # If this handler ran, the current state is already AliveState.
    new_state = await alive.die("sadness")
    return f"You are now {new_state.__description__}"


@bot.on.message(Text("/resurrect"))
async def resurrect_handler(dead: DeadState) -> str:
    await dead.resurrect()
    return "You resurrected"


@bot.on.message()
async def in_state_handler(state: AliveState | DeadState) -> str:
    # You can accept a union if several states are valid here.
    return f"You are currently {state.__description__}"
```

--------------------------------

### Loading the dispatch into the main bot

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/dispatch

Shows how to load an external dispatch into the main bot using bot.on.load(). The dispatch is imported from a handlers module and loaded before running the bot.

```python
from handlers import chat_utilities
from telegrinder import API, Telegrinder, Token

api = API(Token("your-token-here"))
bot = Telegrinder(api)

# Load routers and error handlers from the external dispatch.
bot.on.load(chat_utilities.dp)

bot.run_forever()

```

--------------------------------

### Create global nodes for configuration and secrets

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/nodes

Shows two global nodes: a DataNode for configuration and a scalar node for a secret value. They are built once for the whole application, avoiding rebuilds on every update.

```python
from telegrinder.node import DataNode, global_node, scalar_node


@global_node
class Settings(DataNode):
    api_url: str
    secret: str

    @classmethod
    def __compose__(cls) -> "Settings":
        # No need to rebuild this on every update.
        return cls(
            api_url=env["API_URL"],
            secret=env["APP_SECRET"],
        )


@global_node
@scalar_node
class Secret:
    @classmethod
    def __compose__(cls) -> str:
        return generate_secret(16)
```

--------------------------------

### Import ABCGlobalContext abstract interface

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/global-context

Import the ABCGlobalContext abstract interface from the telegrinder.tools.global_context module.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.global_context import ABCGlobalContext
```

--------------------------------

### Minimal dispatch with bot message and repeat command handlers

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/dispatch

Defines a local dispatch with two handlers: one for bot messages and one for the /repeat command. The repeat command parses text and an optional times argument, defaulting to 5. The dispatch can be stored in its own file and plugged into the main bot later.

```python
from telegrinder import Dispatch, Message
from telegrinder.rules import Argument, Command, IsBot

dp = Dispatch(name="chat-utilities")


@dp.message(IsBot())
async def bot_message_handler(message: Message) -> None:
    # A normal handler, just registered in a local dispatch instead of bot.on.
    await message.answer("Hey bot!")


@dp.message(
    Command(
        "repeat",
        Argument("text"),
        Argument("times", validators=[lambda s: int(s) if s.isdigit() else None], optional=True),
    )
)
async def command_handler(message: Message, text: str, times: int = 5) -> None:
    # times will contain the parsed number or the default value.
    await message.answer(", ".join([text] * times))

```

--------------------------------

### Formatting message with HTML helpers

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/text

Shows how to compose formatted messages using HTML helpers like bold, italic, mention, and date_time. The handler responds to /formatting and sends three messages: bold+italic text, a greeting with a user mention, and a date/time entity. Requires a bot instance and a Message object.

```python
import datetime

from telegrinder import Message
from telegrinder.tools.formatting.html import HTML, bold, date_time, italic, mention


@bot.on.message(Text("/formatting"))
async def formatting(message: Message) -> None:
    # Compose helpers like building blocks.
    await message.answer(bold(italic("Bold and italic text")))

    await message.answer(
        HTML
        << "Hello, "
        << mention(message.from_user.first_name, user_id=message.from_user.id)
        << "!"
    )

    await message.answer(
        # Telegram will render this as a proper date/time entity.
        date_time("Tomorrow", datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=1))
    )
```

--------------------------------

### Define a static keyboard class with FruitsKeyboard

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/keyboard

Defines a keyboard as a class with max_in_row=2 and one_time_keyboard=True. Class attributes declare buttons that can also be reused as rules.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.keyboard import Button, Keyboard


class FruitsKeyboard(Keyboard, max_in_row=2, one_time_keyboard=True):
    APPLE = Button("Apple")
    BANANA = Button("Banana")
    KIWI = Button("Kiwi")

```

--------------------------------

### Pattern match on Result with match statement

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/functional-bits

Shows how to process a Result using Python's match statement, handling Ok and Err cases separately.

```python
match result:
    case Ok(value):
        print("Value is", value)
    case Err(err):
        print("Something is wrong:", err)
```

--------------------------------

### Load multiple dispatches with bot.on.load_many

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/dispatch

Combines several already-imported dispatcher modules into the main bot dispatch in one place. Useful when modules are imported manually and need to be registered together.

```python
bot.on.load_many(users.dp, payments.dp, admin.dp)
```

--------------------------------

### Handle a regular button press

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/keyboard

Handles a button press by matching the button text '1' with a Text rule and replying with a confirmation message.

```python
@bot.on.message(Text("1"))
async def handle_press_button(message: Message) -> None:
    await message.answer("You pressed button 1")
```

--------------------------------

### Using external mutations in handlers with StateMutator

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/states

Shows how to use external mutations in handlers. Handlers receive a StateMutator instance and pass it to the mutation functions. The first triggers be_born, the second triggers login_as_ghost with silently=True.

```python
@bot.on.message(Text("/be_born"))
async def be_born_handler(mutator: StateMutator) -> str:
    await be_born(mutator)
    return "You were born"


@bot.on.message(Text("Gh0$T_рa$$w0rd"))
async def ghost_handler(mutator: StateMutator) -> str:
    await login_as_ghost(mutator, silently=True)
    return "You are now a ghost"
```

--------------------------------

### Localization with BaseTranslator and I18NConfig

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/text

Configures telegrinder localization with a translation directory and nested-key separator. Uses the BaseTranslator node to translate by key or with parameters in message handlers.

```python
from telegrinder import API, Telegrinder, Token
from telegrinder.node import BaseTranslator, I18NConfig, KeySeparator, UserSource
from telegrinder.rules import Text

bot = Telegrinder(API(Token.from_env()))

# Point telegrinder at your translation directory.
BaseTranslator.configure(I18NConfig(domain="messages", folder="examples/assets/i18n"))

# Separator for nested keys.
KeySeparator.set(" ")


@bot.on.message(Text("hi"))
async def hi(_: BaseTranslator) -> str:
    # Translate by key.
    return _.hi()


@bot.on.message(Text("hello"))
async def hello(_: BaseTranslator, user: UserSource) -> str:
    # Or translate with parameters.
    return _("Hello, {name}!", name=user.full_name)

```

--------------------------------

### Define a function returning Result with kungfu

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tutorial/functional-bits

Shows how to create a safe division function using kungfu's Result, Ok, and Error. Returns Error for division by zero, otherwise Ok with the result.

```python
from kungfu import Result, Ok, Error

def divide(a: int, b: int) -> Result[float, str]:
    if b == 0:
        return Error("Cannot divide by zero")
    return Ok(a / b)
```

--------------------------------

### Build formatted text with HTML, mention, bold, italic

Source: https://luwqz1.github.io/telegrinder-docs-website/tools/formatting

Composes an HTML string object by chaining text and formatting helpers. The result is passed to `parse_mode=HTML.PARSE_MODE` when sending.

```python
from telegrinder.tools.formatting import HTML, bold, italic, mention

text = HTML << "Hello, " << mention("Arseny", user_id=549019276) << "! " << bold(italic("Welcome"))
```