Loopmaster Tutorials

https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials
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Comprehensive tutorials for Loopmaster, a music programming language for creating synthesis, drums,...
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### Named Arguments Example

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Pass arguments to a function by specifying the parameter name followed by the value. This allows arguments to be in any order and improves readability.

```js
sd() |> velvet($, decay: 0.6) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### TB-303 with Drums and Automation

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Combines the full TB-303 sound with drums and further filter automation, including fractal noise. This example demonstrates a complete track setup.

```js
drums() |> out($)

envelope=ad(attack:.001,decay:1,exponent:12.5,trig:every(1/8))

pos=t*2
note=[g1,g2,g0,b2][pos]
accent=[.7k,21.8k,.8k,.4k, .7k,12.8k,2.8k,.4k][pos]*.5 // <-- tweak this!
slide=[1.8,.03,.8,.01, 1.8,.8,1.8,.03][pos]

ramp(note |> slew($,slide,.1,exp:2)) // <-- try changing to sqr!

|> diodeladder($,
  cutoff:200+(accent |> slew($,.08,.06,3))*envelope

    +fractal(123,.006)**4*5k, // <-- and this!
  q:.98,
  k:0.0025,
  sat:.9
)
|> tanh($*25)

|> out($*.15)
```

--------------------------------

### Chain Operations with Pipe Operator

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Demonstrates chaining multiple operations using the pipe operator (`|>`). This example applies a low-pass filter before outputting the sound.

```javascript
saw(440) |> lp($) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Positional Arguments Example

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Pass arguments to a function based on their order. Ensure the arguments match the parameter order defined in the function signature.

```js
sd() |> velvet($, 0.8, 0.4, 0.6) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate a Sine Wave Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Creates a 440Hz sine wave and outputs it to the speakers. This is the most basic sound generation example.

```javascript
sine(hz:440) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Loop Master XYZ Music Generation Example

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

This snippet demonstrates a complete music generation sequence using Loop Master XYZ. It defines a scale, a chord progression, and then uses these to generate FM synth sounds, Rhodes piano chords, a bassline, and drums. It also includes audio mixing with compression and limiting.

```loopmaster
scale = 'mixolydian'

progr = [#i,#i,#vi,#v]

chord = progr[t/2]

fm = (in,trig) -> in |> sine($+sine($/2)*$)*ad(trig) |> lp($,cutoff:300+10000*ad(e:40,trig),q:1)

fm(chord[t*2]*o4, euclid(3, 8, bar:1/2)) |> out($*.5)

;(chord*o4).map(hz->rhodes(hz,trig:euclid(3, 8, bar:1/2))).avg()*.8 |> out($*.5)

saw(chord[0]*o2) |> lp($,chord[0]*o2,1.5)*.2 |> out($)

drums() |> out($)


mix => compressor($,threshold:-10) |> limiter($)
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Sine Wave Kick Drum Foundation

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Establishes a basic sine wave as the foundation for a kick drum sound. This is a starting point and will sound like a constant tone.

```loop
sine(hz:e1) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Define Comments

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Illustrates the two types of comments: single-line comments starting with `//` and block comments enclosed in `/* */`.

```javascript
// this is a single-line comment

/* this
   is a block
   comment */
```

--------------------------------

### Define Various Data Types

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Shows examples of different data types available in Loopmaster, including undefined, numbers, strings, booleans, arrays, audio, and functions.

```javascript
none = undefined // the absence of a value
number = 1.00
string = 'Hello, world!' // or "string" with double quotes
boolean = true // or false
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
audio = sine(440)
function = (x, y) -> x + y
```

--------------------------------

### Define Arrays with Mixed Types

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Provides examples of creating arrays containing various data types, including numbers, strings, booleans, other arrays, and functions.

```javascript
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
strings = ['Hello', 'world']
booleans = [true, false]
functions = [x -> x * 2, x -> x * 3]
arrays = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
mixed = [1, 'Hello', true, [1, 2, 3], x -> x * 2]
```

--------------------------------

### Add Delay Effect to Signal

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Apply a delay effect to a signal, creating echoes. This example adds a delayed version of the signal to itself, resulting in two distinct sounds.

```js
saw(e4)*ad(trig:every(1/2)) |> $+delay($, seconds:0.25) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Recursive Function Example

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Define a function that calls itself to solve a problem by breaking it down into smaller, self-similar subproblems. Ensure a base case to prevent infinite recursion.

```js
factorial = n -> {
  if (n == 0) return 1
  else return n * factorial(n-1)
}

print(factorial(5))
```

--------------------------------

### Closure Example

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Functions can capture variables from their outer scope, forming a closure. This allows functions to retain state and access variables even after the outer function has finished executing.

```js
makeVoice = (osc, lfoSpeed, lfoAmount) -> {
  hz -> osc(hz+lfosine(lfoSpeed)*lfoAmount) |> lp($)/2
}

v0 = makeVoice(sine, 1/8, 444)
v1 = makeVoice(tri, 1/2, 111)

v0(c3) |> out($)

v1(g3) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Envelope: Shaping Sine Wave Volume

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/sound-synthesis-101

Applies an attack-decay envelope to the volume of a sine wave, creating a sound that starts sharply and fades out. Adjust attack and decay times for different fades.

```javascript
sine(a3) * ad(attack:0.001, decay:0.5, trig:every(1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Small Track with Various Synthesis Techniques

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/sound-synthesis-101

Combines different synthesis methods like FM, noise-based hi-hats, basslines, and lead sounds with envelopes and filters to construct a musical piece. Requires understanding of scales, chords, envelopes, and basic signal processing.

```javascript
scale = 'saba'

chord = [#i, #ii, #iv, #v][t/4]

env = ad(attack:0.001, decay:0.5, exponent:10, trig:every(1/4))

sine(c1 + 200*env) * env |> out($)

trig = every(1/16)

gauss(trig) * ad(.006,.04,exponent:5,trig)*[.3,.1,.9,.2][t*4] |> hp($,8k,1) |> out($)

trig = euclid(5,8,2,bar:1/2)

env = ad(attack:0.0001, decay:0.5, exponent:5, trig)

hz=chord.markov(trig) sqr(hz*o1) * env |> lp($, cutoff:400 + 500*env) |> out($*.25)

trig = euclid(3,8,0,bar:1/2)

env = ad(attack:0.0001, decay:0.25, exponent:5, trig)

sine(hz*o5+sine(hz*o4)*hz*o3) * env |> lp($, cutoff:500 + 4000 * env)|> out($*.35)

chord.map(hz->tri(hz*o4+4*lfosine(1))) |> bp($,1800) |> out($*.3)
```

--------------------------------

### Advance Melody with Array walk Method

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

A concise way to step through a melody array using the 'walk' method. It simplifies the triggering mechanism compared to 'step'.

```javascript
melody=[c4, e4, a4, g4]

saw(melody.walk(1/4)) * ad(trig:euclid(5, 8, bar:1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Create Chords from Scale Degrees

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Constructs chords by selecting specific scale degrees and playing them together using 'map' and 'avg'.

```javascript
scale = 'minor'

chord = [#1, #3, #5, #7]*o4

chord.map(saw).avg() * ad(trig:euclid(5, 8, bar:1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Multi-Note Chord with Saw Waves

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Creates a chord sound by generating saw waves for multiple notes (E3, A3, C4), averaging them, and applying an attack-decay envelope. The output is attenuated to 0.2.

```loop
trig=tram('-x',1/4)
;[e3,a3,c4].map(hz->saw(hz)).avg()*ad(attack:.05,decay:.4,trig) |> out($*.2)
```

--------------------------------

### Lowpass Filter with Cutoff and Resonance

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Configure a lowpass filter with specific cutoff frequency and resonance (q) parameters. The cutoff determines the attenuation point, while q controls resonance at that point.

```js
saw(e4) |> lp($, cutoff:200, q:1) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Advance Melody with Array step Method

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Uses the 'step' array method to advance through a melody sequence triggered by an impulse. Requires an impulse source like 'every(1/4)'.

```javascript
melody=[c4, e4, a4, g4]

saw(melody.step(every(1/4))) * ad(trig:euclid(5, 8, bar:1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Play Complex Patterns with Mini Notation

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Utilizes mini notation for defining complex musical patterns, including note sequences and effects. Requires the 'play' function and a suitable callback.

```javascript
play(mini('c4 f4 a4/2 e4'),({hz,trig})->saw(hz)*ad(trig)|>lp($,100+10k*ad(e:8,trig),1)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Saw Wave for Chords

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Generates a basic saw wave with an attack-decay envelope, serving as a building block for chord sounds. The output is attenuated to 0.2.

```loop
trig=tram('-x',1/4)
saw(hz:e3)*ad(attack:.05,decay:.4,trig) |> out($*.2)
```

--------------------------------

### Gliding Bass Notes

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Implements gliding between bass notes using the `.glide(1/2)` method, creating smoother transitions between notes in the bassline.

```loop
;[e1,a1].glide(1/2) |> tri($) |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### Add Swing to Melody with walk Method

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Introduces rhythmic variation to a melody played with the 'walk' method by applying a 'swing' parameter. Adjust swing value for desired effect.

```javascript
melody = [c4, e4, a4, g4]

saw(melody.walk(1/4, swing:0.5)) * ad(trig:euclid(5, 8, bar:1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Once Then Conditionally Iterate with do...while Loop

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Execute a block of code at least once, then repeat as long as a specified condition is true. Useful when an action must always occur initially.

```js
i = 0
do {

  saw(#scale[i*2]*o4)/3 |> out($)
  i += 1
} while (i < 3)
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Triangle Wave Bass Foundation

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Creates a basic triangle wave for the bass sound. Triangle waves provide a warm, rounded tone suitable for house music basslines.

```loop
;[e1,a1][t] |> tri($) |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### Attack-Decay Envelope with Custom Parameters

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Customize the Attack-Decay envelope with specific attack and decay times. Adjusting these parameters shapes the sound's volume contour.

```js
sine(a4) * ad(attack:0.1, decay:0.9, trig:every(1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Chain Multiple Audio Effects

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Shows how to chain several audio processing steps, including a low-pass filter and tube saturation, using the pipe operator.

```javascript
saw(440) |> lp($) |> tube($) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Conditional Output with if/else

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Use `if` and `else` statements to execute different code blocks based on a boolean condition. This allows for dynamic behavior based on input or state.

```js
(if (t % 4 < 2) saw(c4) else tri(e4)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Create Melodies from Array using Time Index

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Plays notes from a predefined melody array using the 't' (time) index. The index wraps around based on the array length.

```javascript
melody=[c4, e4, a4, g4]

saw(melody[t]) * ad(trig:euclid(5, 8, bar:1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Define Function with Multiple Parameters

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Define functions that accept multiple parameters by enclosing them in parentheses and separating them with commas. This allows for more complex operations.

```js
add = (x, y) -> x + y

print(add(3, 7))

print(add(30, 12))
```

--------------------------------

### Output Sound Directly

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

An alternative syntax for outputting a sine wave directly to the speakers. It is functionally identical to the piped version but less readable.

```javascript
out(sine(hz:440))
```

--------------------------------

### Send Signal to Output with 'out'

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Directs an audio signal to the main output. Multiple 'out' calls can be used to combine different signals.

```javascript
saw(e4)*ad(trig:every(1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Apply Post-Processing Effects with 'mix'

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Applies a chain of effects to the overall signal after all individual tracks have been processed. Use '=>' to define the effect chain.

```javascript
drums() |> out($)

mix => hp($,cutoff:1000)
```

--------------------------------

### TB-303 with Accents and Slides

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Implements TB-303 accents and slides using the `slew` function to shape note transitions and dynamics. Experiment with accent and slide values to alter the character.

```js
envelope=ad(attack:.001,decay:1,exponent:4.5,trig:every(1/8))
pos=t*2
note=[g1,g2,g0,b2][pos]
accent=[.7k,21.8k,.8k,.4k, .7k,12.8k,2.8k,.4k][pos]*.5
slide=[1.8,.03,.8,.01, 1.8,.8,1.8,.03][pos]
ramp(note |> slew($,slide,.1,exp:2)) |> diodeladder($, cutoff:400+(accent |> slew($,.08,.06,3))*envelope, q:.93, k:0.0025, sat:.9) |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### Iterate Over Range with for...in Loop

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Use a 'for...in' loop to iterate over a range of numbers. The range is inclusive of the end value.

```js
for (i in 0..3) saw(#scale[i*2]*o4)/3 |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Simple Attack-Decay Envelope

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Shape the volume of a sound over time using an Attack-Decay envelope. Triggered by an impulse, it controls amplitude changes from initial attack to decay.

```js
sine(a4) * ad(trig:every(1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Gaussian Noise for Hihats

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Generates basic gaussian noise, serving as the raw material for hihat sounds. This is very loud and needs to be attenuated.

```loop
gauss() |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### All Drum Sounds Together

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/drum-one-liners

Combines all previously defined drum sounds into a single sequence. Includes BPM and transpose settings.

```loopmaster
bpm=144 transpose=-3

trig=tram('x-x-x-x-') sine(#1*o2+100k*ad(.0009,.012,500,trig),trig)*ad(.0014,.5,8,trig) |> out($)

trig=tram('-x',1/4) gauss(98,trig)*ad(.006,.32,4,trig) |> hps($,12k,.75) |> out($)

trig=tram('xx-X',1/4) gauss(5,trig)*ad(.001,.09,4,trig) |> hps($,12k,.75)*.1 |> out($)

trig=tram('-x--',1/2) ;(white(11,trig)+tri(#3*o2)*1)*ad(.001,.24,28,trig)*.9 |> bps($,1.8k,.5) |> out($)

trig=tram('---x',1/2) ;(white(17,trig)+tri(#3*o2,trig)*1)*ad(.001,.5,28,trig) |> bps($,.6k,.9) |> bps($,1.4k,.75) |> bps($,7k,.7) |> clamp($*100,-1,.1)*.2 |> out($)

trig=tram('-x-x-x-[xxx]') sine([180,300,500].random(every(1/16)))*ad(.001,.02,trig)*.3 |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Attack-Decay Envelope with Exponent Curve

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Apply an exponential curve to the Attack-Decay envelope using the 'exponent' parameter. This allows for non-linear shaping of the sound's amplitude.

```js
sine(a4) * ad(attack:0.001, decay:0.9, exponent:10, trig:every(1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Create Rhythmic Patterns with tram

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Generates a rhythmic pattern using the 'tram' function for triggering events. Adjust the pattern string and timing as needed.

```javascript
sine(e4) * ad(0.001, 0.9,10, trig:tram('x-xx-',1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Play Chords using Roman Numerals

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Defines and plays chords using Roman numeral notation (#i to #vii) for scale degrees, offering a music-theory-aligned approach.

```javascript
scale = 'minor'

chord = [#i, #iii, #v, #vii][t]*o4

chord.map(saw).avg() * ad(trig:euclid(5, 8, bar:1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Melody Notes from Scale Degrees

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Creates a melody by selecting notes from a specified scale using degree numbers (#1 to #9) and octave multiplier (o4).

```javascript
scale = 'minor'
melody = [#1, #3, #5, #7, #9]*o4

saw(melody[t]) * ad(trig:euclid(5, 8, bar:1/2)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Bongo Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/drum-one-liners

This snippet generates a bongo sound using a sine wave with randomized frequencies and an amplitude envelope.

```loopmaster
trig=tram('-x-x-x-[xxx]') sine([180,300,500].random(every(1/16)))*ad(.001,.02,trig)*.3 |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Ramp Oscillator

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Outputs the raw sound of the ramp oscillator without any filtering. This serves as a baseline for understanding subsequent sound shaping.

```js
ramp(a1) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Use Variables for Frequency and Volume

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Assigns values to variables `hz` and `vol` and uses them to control the frequency and amplitude of a sine wave.

```javascript
hz = 330
vol = 0.5

sine(hz) * vol |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Function with Default Parameter

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Assign default values to parameters using `= value`. If an argument for such a parameter is not provided during function call, the default value is used.

```js
add = (x, y = 10) -> x + y

print(add(5))

print(add(5, 7))
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Rhythms with euclid Pattern Generator

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Utilizes the 'euclid' function to create complex rhythmic patterns. The parameters control the number of pulses and the total steps.

```javascript
tri(e4) * ad(0.01, 0.9,15, trig:euclid(3, 8, bar:1/2)) |> out($/2)
```

```javascript
tri(c4) * ad(0.01, 0.9,15, trig:euclid(3, 8, 1, bar:1/2)) |> out($/2)
```

```javascript
drums() |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Open Hi-Hat Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/drum-one-liners

This snippet creates an open hi-hat sound using a Gaussian noise generator and an amplitude envelope, with high-pass filtering.

```loopmaster
trig=tram('-x',1/4) gauss(98,trig)*ad(.006,.32,4,trig) |> hps($,12k,.75) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Layering Sawtooth Waves for Richer Chords

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

This snippet creates a richer chord sound by layering two sawtooth waves with a frequency ratio of 1.5 (a perfect fifth). It averages the results and normalizes amplitude.

```loopmaster
trig=tram('-x',1/4) ;[e3,a3,c4].map(hz->saw(hz)+saw(hz*1.5)).avg()/2*ad(attack:.05,decay:.4,trig) |> out($*.2)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Kick Drum Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/drum-one-liners

Use this snippet to create a basic kick drum sound. It utilizes a sine wave modulated by an amplitude envelope.

```loopmaster
trig=tram('x-x-x-x-') sine(52+100k*ad(.0009,.012,500,trig),trig)*ad(.0014,.5,8,trig) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Square Oscillator

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Outputs the raw sound of the square oscillator without any filtering. This provides a comparison to the ramp oscillator's harmonic content.

```js
sqr(a1) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Triangle Wave Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Generates a 330Hz triangle wave and outputs it to the speakers. Triangle waves have a soft, flute-like quality.

```javascript
tri(330) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Chained Conditions with else if

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Handle multiple conditions sequentially using `else if`. The first condition that evaluates to true will have its corresponding code block executed.

```js
(if (t % 4 < 1) saw(c4) else if (t % 4 < 2) tri(e4) else sqr(a4)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Sync Sine Wave Phase to Beat

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Synchronizes the phase of the sine wave oscillator to the beat using the `trig` parameter. This ensures a consistent sound on each beat.

```loop
trig=every(1/4)

sine(hz:e1,trig)*ad(attack:.001,decay:.4,trig) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Define a Simple Function

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Use the `->` operator to define a function that takes a single parameter and returns an expression. This is useful for creating concise, reusable logic.

```js
double = x -> x * 2

print(double(5))

print(double(21))
```

--------------------------------

### Complete House Loop Mix with Post-Processing

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

This is the complete house loop combining multiple sound layers, filters, and effects. It includes a sine wave bass, a percussive element, a synth lead, and a low-frequency bassline, all processed with filters and a compressor/limiter.

```loopmaster
bpm=128

trig=every(1/4) envelope=ad(attack:.006,decay:8,exponent:100,trig)

sine(hz:e1+100*envelope,trig)*envelope |> hp($,cutoff:80,q:1) |> peak($,cutoff:400,q:.5,gain:-10) |> out($*.5)

trig=tram('xxXx',1/4) gauss(seed:4343,trig)*ad(attack:.002,decay:.03,trig) |> hp($,cutoff:11k) |> out($*.08)

trig=tram('-x',1/2); (gauss(seed:2,trig)+tri(hz:a2))*ad(attack:.0004,decay:.075,e:2.4,trig) |> bp($,cutoff:2000) |> out($)

;[e1,a1].glide(1/2) |> tri($) |> lp($,cutoff:70,q:.9) |> out($*.3)

trig=tram('-x',1/4) ;[e3,a3,c4].map(hz->saw(hz)+saw(hz*1.5)).avg()/7*ad(attack:.05,decay:.4,trig)

|> lps($,cutoff:200+700*ad(attack:.01,decay:.5,trig),q:.5) |> $+dattorro($)*1.75 |> out($)


mix=>compressor($) |> limiter($)
```

--------------------------------

### ADSR Envelope with Sustain and Release

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Utilize an ADSR (Attack-Decay-Sustain-Release) envelope for more complex volume shaping. It includes sustain level and release time parameters.

```js
sine(a3) * adsr(
  attack:0.01,
  decay:0.1,
  sustain:.4,
  release:0.4,
  trig:sustain(.4,every(1/2))

) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Additive Synthesis: Creating a Sawtooth Wave

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/sound-synthesis-101

Generates a sawtooth wave by adding multiple sine wave harmonics with varying amplitudes. Adjusting harmonic volumes changes the timbre.

```javascript
f = 110 // fundamental frequency

sine(f)*0.99 // 1st harmonic
+ sine(f*2)*0.50 // 2nd harmonic (octave)
+ sine(f*3)*0.33 // 3rd harmonic
+ sine(f*4)*0.25 // ...
+ sine(f*5)*0.20
+ sine(f*6)*0.16
+ sine(f*7)*0.14
+ sine(f*8)*0.12
+ sine(f*9)*0.11
+ sine(f*10)*0.09

|> out($*.1)
```

--------------------------------

### Consistent Hihat Sound with Seeded Noise

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Ensures the hihat sound is consistent across plays by using a fixed seed for the gaussian noise generator. Without a seed, each trigger would produce different noise.

```loop
trig=tram('xxXx',1/4)
gauss(seed:4343,trig)*ad(attack:.002,decay:.03,trig) |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### Shorthand and Named Arguments Mix

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Combine shorthand (variable names directly) and named arguments. They can be mixed and do not need to follow the defined parameter order.

```js
damping = 0.4
decay = 0.6

sd() |> velvet($, decay, damping, room: 0.8) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Explicit Return in Function

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Use the `return` keyword to exit a function early and specify a return value, especially useful in conditional logic within function blocks.

```js
sawOrSine = hz -> {
  if (hz < 500) return saw(hz)
  else return sine(hz)
}

sawOrSine(300) |> out($) // move the knob above 500 to hear the sine
```

--------------------------------

### Conditional Iteration with while Loop

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a specified condition is true. Ensure the condition eventually becomes false to avoid infinite loops.

```js
i = 0
while (i < 3) {

  saw(#scale[i*2]*o4)/3 |> out($)
  i += 1
}
```

--------------------------------

### Define Function with Multiple Statements

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

For more complex logic, use curly braces `{}` to enclose multiple statements and expressions within a function. The last expression is implicitly returned.

```js
multiplyAdd = (x, y, z) -> {
  result = x * y
  result + z
}

print(multiplyAdd(3, 4, 30))
```

--------------------------------

### Ramp Oscillator with Filter Tweaks

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Fine-tunes the diode ladder filter's parameters, including cutoff, resonance (q), and saturation (sat), to add character to the ramp oscillator's sound.

```js
ramp(a1) |> diodeladder($, cutoff:500, q:1, k:0, sat:1) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Square Wave Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Generates a 220Hz square wave and outputs it to the speakers. Square waves produce a hollow and metallic sound.

```javascript
sqr(220) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Dattorro Reverb Effect

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Apply the Dattorro reverb algorithm for a spacious and rich sound. This effect simulates the acoustics of a room using multiple delays with high feedback.

```js
saw(e4)*ad(trig:every(1/2)) |> $+dattorro($) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Flanger Effect Application

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Apply a flanger effect, similar to chorus but with a single delay line and high feedback, creating a sweeping, resonant sound. Parameters control modulation rate, depth, and feedback.

```js
saw(e4)*ad(trig:every(1/2))

|> $+flanger($, rate:0.25, depth:0.006, base:0.02, feedback:0.7) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Trigger Drum Sounds with tram Patterns

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Uses the 'tram' function to create specific rhythmic patterns for drum sounds. Each pattern string defines the timing of hits.

```javascript
bd(trig:tram('x-x-x-x-')) |> out($)
```

```javascript
ch(trig:tram('xxxxxx[xx]x',1/2)) |> out($)
```

```javascript
oh(trig:tram('-x-x-x-x')) |> out($)
```

```javascript
sd(trig:tram('--x---x-')) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Chorus Effect Application

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Apply a chorus effect, which uses multiple short, modulated delays to create a thicker, richer sound. Parameters control the number of voices, modulation rate, and depth.

```js
saw(e4)*ad(trig:every(1/2))

|> $+chorus($, voices:3, base:0.02, depth:0.006, rate:0.25, spread:0.5) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Snare Drum with Noise, Tone, and Bandpass Filter

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Constructs a snare drum sound by combining gaussian noise and a pitched triangle wave, shaped by an envelope and filtered with a bandpass filter to emphasize mid frequencies.

```loop
trig=tram('-x',1/2); (gauss(seed:2,trig)+tri(hz:a2))*ad(attack:.0004,decay:.075,e:2.4,trig) |> bp($,cutoff:2000) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Adding Reverb to the Chord

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

This snippet adds a Dattorro reverb effect to the existing layered sawtooth waves, providing space and depth to the sound. The reverb is scaled by 1.75.

```loopmaster
trig=tram('-x',1/4) ;[e3,a3,c4].map(hz->saw(hz)+saw(hz*1.5)).avg()/7*ad(attack:.05,decay:.4,trig)

|> lps($,200+700*ad(attack:.01,decay:.5,trig),.5) |> $+dattorro($)*1.75 |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Snare Drum Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/drum-one-liners

Create a snare drum sound using a combination of white noise and a triangle wave, with multiple band-pass filters and a final clamp and volume adjustment.

```loopmaster
trig=tram('---x',1/2) ;(white(17,trig)+tri(#3*o2,trig)*1)*ad(.001,.5,28,trig) |> bps($,.6k,.9) |> bps($,1.4k,.75) |> bps($,7k,.7) |> clamp($*100,-1,.1)*.2 |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Punchy Kick Drum with FM and Exponential Envelope

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Introduces frequency modulation using an exponential amplitude envelope to create a punchier and more realistic kick drum sound. The output is also attenuated by 0.5.

```loop
trig=every(1/4)
envelope=ad(attack:.006,decay:8,exponent:100,trig)

sine(hz:e1+100*envelope,trig)*envelope |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### Iterate Over Array with for...of Loop

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Use a 'for...of' loop to iterate through elements of an array. This is suitable for processing each item in a collection.

```js
for (note of [c4, e4, g4, a4]) saw(note)/4 |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Sawtooth Wave Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Generates a 440Hz sawtooth wave and outputs it to the speakers. Sawtooth waves have a bright and buzzy character.

```javascript
saw(440) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Conditional Execution with switch Statement

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Execute different blocks of code based on the value of an expression. The 'default' case handles values that do not match any specific 'case'.

```js
switch (floor(t % 4)) {
  case 0: sine(c4)
  case 1: tri(e4)
  case 2: saw(a4)
  default: sqr(e4)

} |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Hihat with Attack-Decay Envelope

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Shapes the gaussian noise with an attack-decay envelope to create a percussive hihat sound. The `tram('xxXx',1/4)` function provides a rhythmic trigger pattern.

```loop
trig=tram('xxXx',1/4)
gauss()*ad(attack:.002,decay:.03,trig) |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### Fat Arrow Shorthand for Piped Functions

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Use the `=>` operator as a shorthand for functions that take a single argument and immediately pipe it to another function. This simplifies common piping patterns.

```js
synth => sine($/2+sine($/8)*$) |> lp($)

synth(440) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Lowpass Filter Application

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Apply a lowpass filter to attenuate high frequencies, allowing lower frequencies to pass through. This is a fundamental technique in subtractive synthesis.

```js
saw(e4) |> lp($) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Applying a Lowpass Filter Sweep

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

This code applies a lowpass filter with a sweeping cutoff frequency controlled by an AD envelope, creating a classic house filter sweep effect. Resonance is set to 0.5.

```loopmaster
trig=tram('-x',1/4) ;[e3,a3,c4].map(hz->saw(hz)+saw(hz*1.5)).avg()/7*ad(attack:.05,decay:.4,trig)

|> lps($,cutoff:200+700*ad(attack:.01,decay:.5,trig),q:.5) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### TB-303 Bassline Melody

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Generates a bassline melody by sequencing notes and applying the diode ladder filter modulated by an envelope. Adjust decay and cutoff for different melodic characteristics.

```js
envelope=ad(attack:.001,decay:1,exponent:4.5,trig:every(1/8))
ramp([g1,g2,g0,b2][t*2]) |> diodeladder($, cutoff:100+1k*envelope, q:.9, k:0, sat:.9) |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### Ramp Oscillator with Diode Ladder Filter

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Applies the diode ladder filter to the ramp oscillator. This demonstrates the initial effect of filtering on the harmonic spectrum, resulting in a slightly muddier sound.

```js
ramp(a1) |> diodeladder($) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Rimshot Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/drum-one-liners

This snippet produces a rimshot sound by combining white noise and a triangle wave, processed with an amplitude envelope and band-pass filtering.

```loopmaster
trig=tram('---x',1/2) ;(white(11,trig)+tri(#3*o2)*1)*ad(.001,.24,28,trig)*.9 |> bps($,1.8k,.5) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Apply LFO to Filter Cutoff

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Modulates the filter cutoff frequency using a triangle LFO. Ensure the LFO function is available in your environment.

```javascript
saw(c1) |> lp($, cutoff:100+2000*lfotri(2), q:3) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Closed Hi-Hat Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/drum-one-liners

Use this for a closed hi-hat sound. It employs a Gaussian noise generator, amplitude envelope, and high-pass filtering, with a slight volume reduction.

```loopmaster
trig=tram('xx-X',1/4) gauss(5,trig)*ad(.001,.09,4,trig) |> hps($,12k,.75)*.1 |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Kick Drum with Amplitude Envelope

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Adds an attack-decay envelope to shape the amplitude of the sine wave, creating a fading sound. The `trig:every(1/4)` parameter ensures the envelope triggers rhythmically.

```loop
sine(hz:e1)*ad(attack:.001,decay:.4,trig:every(1/4)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Shadow Outer Scope Variable with Local Assignment

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Illustrates using the `:=` operator to create a local variable within a function that shadows an outer scope variable, leaving the outer variable unchanged.

```javascript
x = 10

dontChangeIt = () -> {
  x := 42  // local x, outer x remains untouched
}

print(x)

dontChangeIt()

print(x) // still 10
```

--------------------------------

### Mute Other Signals with 'solo'

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Mutes all other signals currently sent to 'out', allowing selective listening to specific parts of the mix. Can be used multiple times.

```javascript
saw(e4)*ad(trig:every(1/2)) |> solo($)
```

--------------------------------

### Deep Sub-Bass with Lowpass Filter

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Applies a lowpass filter to the bass sound to create a deep sub-bass tone by removing all frequencies above 70 Hz.

```loop
;[e1,a1].glide(1/2) |> tri($) |> lp($,cutoff:70,q:.9) |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### Delay Effect with Feedback

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Enhance the delay effect by using feedback, which re-applies the delay to the echo itself. This creates repeating, decaying echoes.

```js
saw(e4)*ad(trig:every(1/2)) |> $+delay($, seconds:0.25, feedback:0.5) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Ternary Operator for Concise Conditionals

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Use the ternary operator `? :` as a shorthand for simple `if-else` statements. It's useful for assigning values or choosing between two expressions based on a condition.

```js
(t % 4 < 1 ? saw(c4) : t % 4 < 2 ? tri(e4) : sqr(a4)) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Full TB-303 Sound with Distortion

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Adds a `tanh` distortion effect to the TB-303 sound, completing the classic acid bassline. The distortion is applied after the filter and envelope stages.

```js
envelope=ad(attack:.001,decay:1,exponent:12.5,trig:every(1/8))
pos=t*2
note=[g1,g2,g0,b2][pos]
accent=[.7k,21.8k,.8k,.4k, .7k,12.8k,2.8k,.4k][pos]*.5
slide=[1.8,.03,.8,.01, 1.8,.8,1.8,.03][pos]
ramp(note |> slew($,slide,.1,exp:2))
|> diodeladder($,
  cutoff:400+(accent |> slew($,.08,.06,3))*envelope,
  q:.93,
  k:0.0025,
  sat:.9
)
|> tanh($*25)
|> out($*.15)
```

--------------------------------

### Envelope: Modulating Sine Wave Frequency

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/sound-synthesis-101

Uses an attack-decay envelope to modulate the frequency of a sine wave, creating a pitch drop effect. This is used to simulate a kick drum sound.

```javascript
env = ad(attack:0.001, decay:0.5, exponent:10, trig:every(1/2))

sine(c1 + 200*env) * env |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Bright Hihat with Highpass Filter

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Applies a highpass filter to the hihat sound to remove low frequencies, resulting in a crisp and bright tone characteristic of hihats.

```loop
trig=tram('xxXx',1/4)
gauss(seed:4343,trig)*ad(attack:.002,decay:.03,trig) |> hp($,cutoff:11k) |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### Subtractive Synthesis: Filtering a Sawtooth Wave

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/sound-synthesis-101

Applies a low-pass filter to a sawtooth wave to create a simpler sound. Tweak the cutoff frequency to alter the brightness.

```javascript
saw(a1) |> lp($, cutoff:500) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Update Outer Scope Variable

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Demonstrates how assigning a value to a variable within a function updates an existing variable in the outer scope.

```javascript
x = 10

changeOuterX = () -> {
  x = 42 // finds outer x and updates it
}

print(x)

changeOuterX()

print(x) // updated outer x
```

--------------------------------

### Filtered Kick Drum for Professional Sound

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/making-a-house-loop

Applies highpass and peak filters to the kick drum sound for a cleaner, more professional tone. The highpass filter removes low frequencies, and the peak filter reduces boxiness.

```loop
trig=every(1/4)
envelope=ad(attack:.006,decay:8,exponent:100,trig)

sine(hz:e1+100*envelope,trig)*envelope |> hp($,cutoff:80,q:1) |> peak($,cutoff:400,q:.5,gain:-10) |> out($*.5)
```

--------------------------------

### FM Synthesis: Modulating a Sine Wave

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/sound-synthesis-101

Creates a complex sound by modulating the frequency of a carrier sine wave with a modulator sine wave. Adjust frequency and modulation index for different timbres.

```javascript
f = 60 |> ntof($)
mi = 1.0

sine(f + sine(f)*f*mi) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Abbreviated Named Arguments

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/zero-to-hero

Named arguments can be abbreviated as long as they are unique and unambiguous among the function's parameters. This offers a concise way to specify arguments.

```js
sd() |> velvet($, dec: 0.6, damp: 0.4, r: 0.8) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Envelope: Modulating Filter Cutoff

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/sound-synthesis-101

Applies an attack-decay envelope to the cutoff frequency of a low-pass filter applied to a sawtooth wave. This dynamically changes the brightness of the sound over time.

```javascript
env = ad(attack:0.0001, decay:0.5, exponent:5, trig:every(1/2))

saw(a1) * env |> lp($, cutoff:200 + 5000*env) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Ramp Oscillator with LFO Filter Modulation

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Modulates the filter's cutoff frequency over time using a low-frequency oscillator (LFO) to introduce movement and the characteristic 'acid' sound.

```js
ramp(a1) |> diodeladder($, cutoff:100+10k*lfotri(1)**3, q:.8, k:0, sat:1) |> out($)
```

--------------------------------

### Ramp Oscillator with Envelope Filter Modulation

Source: https://loopmaster.xyz/tutorials/tb303-from-scratch

Shapes the filter's cutoff frequency using an ADSR envelope, creating a more dynamic and TB-303-like sound compared to LFO modulation.

```js
envelope=ad(attack:.001,decay:1,exponent:10,trig:every(1/4))
ramp(a1) |> diodeladder($, cutoff:100+10k*envelope, q:.8, k:0, sat:1) |> out($)
```
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