LilyPond

https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/
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LilyPond is a music engraving program that produces high-quality sheet music by interpreting a...
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### Build Contributors' Guide Section Example

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Example of building a specific section (doc-work) from the Contributors' Guide using the cg-section.sh script.

```bash
scripts/auxiliar/cg-section.sh doc-work
```

--------------------------------

### Relocation File Examples

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/usage-big-page.html

Illustrates specific examples of relocation file entries using 'set?' and 'prependdir' commands. These examples show how to set environment variables, potentially overriding existing ones or prepending to directory lists.

```plaintext
set? FONTCONFIG_FILE=$INSTALLER_PREFIX/etc/fonts/fonts.conf
prependdir GUILE_LOAD_PATH=$INSTALLER_PREFIX/share/guile/1.8

```

--------------------------------

### LilyPond Music Notation Example

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/54/lily-94e25ed2.ly

Demonstrates basic music notation with key and time signatures, and note durations. Ensure LilyPond is installed and configured to process .ly files.

```lilypond
%% Generated by lilypond-book
%% Options: [exampleindent=10.16\mm,fragment,indent=0\mm,line-width=160\mm,quote,relative=2]
\include "lilypond-book-preamble.ly"


% ****************************************************************
% Start cut-&-pastable-section
% ****************************************************************

#(ly:set-option 'eps-box-padding 3.000000)



\paper {
  indent = 0\mm
  line-width = 160\mm
  % offset the left padding, also add 1mm as lilypond creates cropped
  % images with a little space on the right
  line-width = #(- line-width (* mm  3.000000) (* mm 1))
  line-width = 160\mm - 2.0 * 10.16\mm
  % offset the left padding, also add 1mm as lilypond creates cropped
  % images with a little space on the right
  line-width = #(- line-width (* mm  3.000000) (* mm 1))
}

\layout {
  
}


\relative c''
{


% ****************************************************************
% ly snippet contents follows:
% ****************************************************************
\sourcefileline 1347
\key g \major
\time 4/4
g4 c b a | g1 \bar "||"
\time 3/8
g8 d' c |
b c a |
g4. \bar "||"



% ****************************************************************
% end ly snippet
% ****************************************************************
}

```

--------------------------------

### Handle Missing Optional Documentation Dependencies

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/running-configure

This is an example of a warning message when an optional program for building documentation is missing. Consider installing the listed programs if you intend to build documentation.

```text
WARNING: Please consider installing optional programs:  bar
```

--------------------------------

### Install LilyPond with User Permissions

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/installing-lilypond-from-a-local-build

Run this command when the installation directory is writable by the current user. This is the standard installation command after a local build.

```bash
make install
```

--------------------------------

### Install Documentation Levels

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/generating-documentation

Commands to install documentation at different levels of complexity.

```bash
make && make install
```

```bash
make && make info && make install-info
```

```bash
make && make doc && make install-doc
```

--------------------------------

### Install Make on OpenSUSE

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Installs the 'make' utility, a fundamental build tool required for compiling software on OpenSUSE.

```bash
sudo zypper install make
```

--------------------------------

### Install LilyPond Documentation

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Install HTML, PDF, and Info files to the standard documentation path. This command also installs Info documentation with images.

```bash
make install-doc
```

--------------------------------

### Install LilyPond with Superuser Privileges

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Use 'sudo make install' or 'su -c 'make install'' when the installation directory requires superuser permissions.

```bash
make install
```

```bash
sudo make install
```

```bash
su -c 'make install'
```

--------------------------------

### Install LilyPond Documentation

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/generating-documentation

Installs HTML, PDF, and Info files into the standard documentation path. The 'install-doc' target also installs Info documentation with images by creating symbolic links. Use 'install-info' to copy images separately.

```makefile
make install-doc
```

```makefile
make install-info
```

--------------------------------

### Example of calling display-ancestry

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/2d/lily-6724756c.ly

This example demonstrates how to call the \`display-ancestry\` macro with a \`NoteHead\` grob to visualize its lineage.

```scheme
{ \once \override NoteHead.before-line-breaking = #display-ancestry c }
```

--------------------------------

### Example .gdbinit Configuration

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

A sample .gdbinit file that sets breakpoints for errors and defines custom commands for inspecting Scheme objects, grobs, and music expressions.

```gdb
file $LILYPOND_GIT/build/out/bin/lilypond
b programming_error
b Grob::programming_error

define ps
   print ly_display_scm($arg0)
end
define pgrob
  print ly_display_scm($arg0->self_scm_)
  print ly_display_scm($arg0->mutable_property_alist_)
  print ly_display_scm($arg0->immutable_property_alist_)
  print ly_display_scm($arg0->object_alist_)
end
define pmusic
  print ly_display_scm($arg0->self_scm_)
  print ly_display_scm($arg0->mutable_property_alist_)
  print ly_display_scm($arg0->immutable_property_alist_)
end
```

--------------------------------

### Minimal LilyPond File Example

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/learning/command-line-setup.html

A basic LilyPond file to test your installation. This snippet compiles a single musical note.

```lilypond
\version "2.24.4"

{
c' 
}

```

--------------------------------

### Relocation File Examples

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/usage/command_002dline-usage.html

Example entries for setting environment variables within a relocation file, utilizing the $INSTALLER_PREFIX variable.

```text
set? FONTCONFIG_FILE=$INSTALLER_PREFIX/etc/fonts/fonts.conf
prependdir GUILE_LOAD_PATH=$INSTALLER_PREFIX/share/guile/1.8
```

--------------------------------

### Get Consecutive Pitches

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/snippets/chords

Extracts consecutive pitches from a list based on a starting number and a condition related to pitch numbers.

```Scheme
(define (get-consecutive nr pitches)
    (if (pair? pitches)
        (let* ((pitch-nr (step-nr (car pitches)))
               (next-nr (if (!= (modulo pitch-nr 2) 0) (+ pitch-nr 2) nr)))
          (if (<= pitch-nr nr)
              (cons (car pitches) (get-consecutive next-nr (cdr pitches)))
              '()))
        '()))
```

--------------------------------

### View All configure Options

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/running-configure

Run this command to see all available configuration options for the `configure` script. Ensure you are in the `build/` subdirectory.

```bash
../configure --help
```

--------------------------------

### Handle Missing Build Dependencies

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/running-configure

This is an example of an error message when a required program for compilation is missing. You will need to install the listed programs.

```text
ERROR: Please install required programs:  foo
```

--------------------------------

### Run Setup Script

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/lilydev

Execute the setup script to configure git and download necessary repositories for building LilyPond. This is an interactive script.

```bash
./setup.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Get Full List of Pitches

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/snippets/chords

Recursively generates a list of pitches starting from a given pitch, advancing by thirds until a condition is met.

```Scheme
(define (get-full-list pitch)
    (if (<= (step-nr pitch) (step-nr (last pitches)))
        (cons pitch (get-full-list (next-third pitch)))
        '()))
```

--------------------------------

### LilyPond Pitched Trills Example

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/bf/lily-3503013f.ly

Demonstrates how to create pitched trills in LilyPond. This snippet shows the syntax for starting and stopping trill spans with specific notes.

```lilypond
{
  \key d \major
  \pitchedTrill
  d'2\startTrillSpan cis d\stopTrillSpan
  \pitchedTrill
  d2\startTrillSpan c d\stopTrillSpan
  \pitchedTrill
  d2\startTrillSpan e d\stopTrillSpan
}
```

--------------------------------

### Build Online Documentation for Website

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Create a documentation tree in 'out-www/online-root/' for website use with content negotiation for automatic language selection.

```bash
make WEB_TARGETS=online doc
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Violin Clef and Note in LilyPond

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/bb/lily-2d240373.ly

Sets the violin clef and plays a C note for one measure. This is a fundamental example for starting musical notation.

```lilypond
\clef violin
c1
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Music Notation in LilyPond

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/99/lily-ddd9276f.ly

A simple example demonstrating basic note input and line breaks in LilyPond. Use this to start creating musical scores.

```lilypond
\relative c'' {
  c4 c c c | \break
  c4 c c c |
}
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare the build directory

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/compiling-with-lilydev

Initializes the build environment by running autogen and configure scripts.

```bash
cd $LILYPOND_GIT
sh autogen.sh --noconfigure
mkdir -p build/
cd build/
../configure
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Musical Notation in LilyPond

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/04/lily-25881d83.ly

Defines a tenor G clef and a single C note lasting a whole measure. This is a fundamental example for starting musical scores.

```lilypond
\clef tenorG
c1
```

--------------------------------

### Get Context Name Symbol in LilyPond

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/internals/scheme-functions

Returns the name of the context as a symbol. For example, for `\context Voice = "one" ...`, it returns the symbol `Voice`.

```lilypond
ly:context-name context
```

--------------------------------

### Build Specific Documentation Section (Manual)

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Use this script to build a single section of the manual. Specify the manual name and the section filename. Ensure the 'build/' subdirectory exists.

```bash
scripts/auxiliar/doc-section.sh MANUAL SECTION
```

--------------------------------

### Initial Regression Test Setup

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/verify-regression-tests

Run this command to establish the baseline for regression tests. Use 'make clean' if needed before running.

```bash
make clean                     _## when needed (see below)_
make [-jX CPU_COUNT=X] test-baseline
```

--------------------------------

### Get Help

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/usage/invoking-musicxml2ly.ca.html

Use the -h or --help option to display usage information and a summary of command-line options.

```bash
musicxml2ly -h
```

--------------------------------

### Install LilyPond Info Documentation Separately

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Install only the Info documentation. Note that 'install-doc' creates symbolic links for images to save disk space, while 'install-info' copies them.

```bash
make install-info
```

--------------------------------

### LilyPond Music Notation Snippet

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/16/lily-42e79084.ly

A basic example of music notation in LilyPond, demonstrating relative pitch and tied notes. Ensure LilyPond is installed and configured to render this snippet.

```lilypond
\relative { c''4(~ c8 d~ 4 e) }
```

--------------------------------

### Build Manual and Post-Process for Web

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/generating-documentation

Builds the manual without compiling extensive 'input/*' regression tests. After building documentation in 'out-www', run 'make out=www WWW-post' from the top directory to post-process for web browsing.

```makefile
make doc
```

```makefile
make out=www WWW-post
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Music Notation with F Clef in LilyPond

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/c6/lily-30534dba.ly

Defines a musical passage starting with an F clef and a single note 'c'. This is a fundamental example of LilyPond syntax for notation.

```lilypond
\relative c'
{
\clef F
c1
}
```

--------------------------------

### LilyPond Slur and Beam Nesting Example

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/learning/on-the-un_002dnestedness-of-brackets-and-ties.html

Demonstrates a phrasing slur starting before a manual beam and ending before the beam's end. This showcases that not all bracket-like constructs require strict nesting.

```lilypond
\relative {
  g'8\( a b\[ c b\) a]
  g4
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize build directory

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/running-autogen_002esh

Commands to navigate to the source directory and create a separate build directory.

```bash
cd lilypond/
mkdir build/
cd build/
```

--------------------------------

### Add Alto Clef and Note in LilyPond

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/c6/lily-5b036962.ly

Specifies the alto clef (C clef on the third line) and a single C note in the score. This is a fundamental example for starting musical phrases.

```lilypond
\relative c'
{
\clef altovarC
c1
}
```

--------------------------------

### Get Context ID String in LilyPond

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/internals/scheme-functions

Returns the ID string of a LilyPond context. For example, for `\context Voice = "one" ...`, it returns the string `"one"`.

```lilypond
ly:context-id context
```

--------------------------------

### Handle Missing Dependencies

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Example output messages displayed when required or optional build programs are missing.

```text
ERROR: Please install required programs:  foo
```

```text
WARNING: Please consider installing optional programs:  bar
```

--------------------------------

### TimeScaledMusic

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/internals-big-page

Used to multiply durations, typically for tuplets. The syntax is `\times fraction music`, for example, `\times 2/3 { … }` for triplets. It includes properties for iterator construction, length calculation, and start callbacks.

```APIDOC
## TimeScaledMusic

### Description
Multiply durations, as in tuplets.

### Syntax
`\times fraction music`, e.g., `\times 2/3 { … }` for triplets.

### Properties
- **iterator-ctor** (procedure) - `ly:tuplet-iterator::constructor` - Function to construct a `music-event-iterator` object for this music.
- **length-callback** (procedure) - `ly:music-wrapper::length-callback` - How to compute the duration of this music. This property can only be defined as initializer in ‘`scm/define-music-types.scm`’.
- **name** (symbol) - `'TimeScaledMusic` - Name of this music object.
- **start-callback** (procedure) - `ly:music-wrapper::start-callback` - Function to compute the negative length of starting grace notes. This property can only be defined as initializer in ‘`scm/define-music-types.scm`’.
- **types** (list) - `'(time-scaled-music)` - The types of this music object; determines by what engraver this music expression is processed.
```

--------------------------------

### Demonstrate Context Alignment

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/d3/lily-12eb0542.ly

Examples showing how different contexts align to their respective baselines.

```lilypond
<<
  \new ChordNames { \chords { \labelContext "ChordNames"  g1:m } }
  \new NoteNames { s1 |\labelContext "NoteNames"  g1 | }
  \new Lyrics { \lyrics { \skip 1*2 | \labelContext "Lyrics" ghijk1 | } }
  \new RhythmicStaff \with { instrumentName =
                               "ligne de base (baseline) " } s1*3
>>

<<
  \new Dynamics { \labelContext "Dynamics" s1\mp s\fp }
  \new RhythmicStaff \with { instrumentName = "mi-hauteur " } s1*3
>>

<<
  \new FiguredBass { \labelContext "FiguredBass" \figuremode { <6 5>1 } }
  \new RhythmicStaff \with { instrumentName = "point le plus haut " } s1
>>

\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
<<
  \new FretBoards { \labelContext "FretBoards" \chordmode { e1 } }
  \new RhythmicStaff \with { instrumentName = "ligne du haut " } s1
>>
```

--------------------------------

### Change Default Bar Lines in LilyPond

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/snippets/repeats.html

Customizes the default bar lines (normal, start repeat, end repeat, double repeat) by redefining them within the Score context. This snippet also includes an example of its usage with repeat structures.

```lilypond
% http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/Item?id=964
%%=> http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2014-03/msg00126.html
%%=> http://lilypond.1069038.n5.nabble.com/Changing-the-default-end-repeat-bracket-tc169357.html

\layout {
  \context {
    \Score
    %% Changing the defaults from engraver-init.ly
    measureBarType = #"!"
    startRepeatBarType = #"[|:"
    endRepeatBarType = #":|]"
    doubleRepeatBarType = #":|][|:"
  }
}

%% example:
{
  c'1
  \repeat volta 2 { \repeat unfold 2 c' }
  \repeat volta 2 { \repeat unfold 2 c' }
  \alternative {
    { c' }
    {
      %% v2.18 workaround
      \once\override Score.VoltaBracket.shorten-pair = #'(1 . -1)
      c'
    }
  }
  \bar "|."
}

```

--------------------------------

### Install Git on OpenSUSE

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Installs the 'git' version control system. Recommended if you plan to contribute to the LilyPond codebase or documentation.

```bash
sudo zypper install git
```

--------------------------------

### Makefile for GNU/Linux and MacOS X

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/usage-big-page.hu.html

A Makefile example for GNU/Linux and MacOS X systems. It defines variables for LilyPond commands and output directories, and sets up rules for generating PDF and MIDI files from LilyPond sources. Note that command lines must start with tabs, not spaces.

```makefile
# the name stem of the output files
piece := symphony
# The command to run lilypond
LILY_CMD := lilypond -ddelete-intermediate-files \
                    -dno-point-and-click

# The suffixes used in this Makefile.
.SUFFIXES: .ly .ily .pdf .midi

.DEFAULT_GOAL := score

PDFDIR := PDF
MIDIDIR := MIDI

# Input and output files are searched in the directories listed in
# the VPATH variable.  All of them are subdirectories of the current
# directory (given by the GNU make variable `CURDIR').
VPATH := \
  $(CURDIR)/Scores \
  $(CURDIR)/Parts \
  $(CURDIR)/Notes \
  $(CURDIR)/$(PDFDIR) \
  $(CURDIR)/$(MIDIDIR)

# The pattern rule to create PDF and MIDI files from a LY input file.
# The .pdf output files are put into the `PDF' subdirectory, and the
# .midi files go into the `MIDI' subdirectory.
%.pdf %.midi: %.ly | $(PDFDIR) $(MIDIDIR)
	$(LILY_CMD) $<          	# this line begins with a tab
	mv "$*.pdf" $(PDFDIR)/		# this line begins with a tab
	mv "$*.midi" $(MIDIDIR)/		# this line begins with a tab

$(PDFDIR):
	mkdir $(PDFDIR)

$(MIDIDIR):
	mkdir $(MIDIDIR)

common := symphonyDefs.ily

notes := \
  cello.ily \
  horn.ily \
  oboe.ily \
  viola.ily \
  violinOne.ily \
  violinTwo.ily

# The dependencies of the movements.
$(piece)I.pdf: $(piece)I.ly $(notes) $(common)
$(piece)II.pdf: $(piece)II.ly $(notes) $(common)
$(piece)III.pdf: $(piece)III.ly $(notes) $(common)
$(piece)IV.pdf: $(piece)IV.ly $(notes) $(common)

# The dependencies of the full score.
$(piece).pdf: $(piece).ly $(notes) $(common)

# The dependencies of the parts.
$(piece)-cello.pdf: $(piece)-cello.ly cello.ily $(common)
$(piece)-horn.pdf: $(piece)-horn.ly horn.ily $(common)
$(piece)-oboe.pdf: $(piece)-oboe.ly oboe.ily $(common)
$(piece)-viola.pdf: $(piece)-viola.ly viola.ily $(common)
$(piece)-violinOne.pdf: $(piece)-violinOne.ly violinOne.ily $(common)
$(piece)-violinTwo.pdf: $(piece)-violinTwo.ly violinTwo.ily $(common)

# Type `make score' to generate the full score of all four

```

--------------------------------

### Build Documentation Targets

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/generating-documentation

Standard commands for building full documentation or specific formats.

```bash
make doc
```

```bash
make -C Documentation out=www pdf
```

```bash
make LANGS='en' doc
```

```bash
make LANGS='de fr' doc
```

```bash
make info
```

--------------------------------

### LilyPond Chord Names and Fretboard Diagrams

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/d4/lily-3d7e68be.ly

This snippet demonstrates how to display chord names above a musical staff and render corresponding fretboard diagrams. It includes examples of basic chords, chords with capos, and custom fret markings with colors and labels. Ensure LilyPond is installed and configured to use these commands.

```lilypond
<<
    \new ChordNames {
      \chordmode {
        f1 g c c b
      }
    }
  \new Staff {
    \clef "treble_8"
    \override Voice.TextScript
      .fret-diagram-details.finger-code = #'below-string
    <f, c f a c' f'>1^\markup {
      \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
        (place-fret 6 1)
        (place-fret 5 3)
        (place-fret 4 3)
        (place-fret 3 2)
        (place-fret 2 1)
        (place-fret 1 1)
        (barre 6 1 1)
      )
    }
    <g, b, d g b g'>1^\markup {
      \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
        (place-fret 6 3 2)
        (place-fret 5 2 1)
        (open 4)
        (open 3)
        (open 2)
        (place-fret 1 3 3)
      )
    }
    <c g c' e' g'>1^\markup {
      \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
        (capo 3)
        (mute 6)
        (place-fret 4 5 1)
        (place-fret 3 5 2)
        (place-fret 2 5 3)
      )
    }
    \override Voice.TextScript.size = 1.4
    <c g c' e' g'>1^\markup {
      \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
        (place-fret 6 3 1 red parenthesized default-paren-color)
        (place-fret 5 3 1 inverted)
        (place-fret 4 5 2 blue parenthesized)
        (place-fret 3 5 3 blue)
        (place-fret 2 5 4 blue)
        (place-fret 1 3 1 inverted)
      )
    }
    \override Voice.TextScript.size = 1.5
    <b, fis b dis' fis'>1^\
      \override #'(fret-diagram-details . ((finger-code . in-dot)))
      \fret-diagram-verbose #`(
        (place-fret 5 2 1)
        (place-fret 4 4 "fis" red)
        (place-fret 3 4 "b" red)
        (place-fret
          2 4
          ,#{ \markup
                \concat {
                  \vcenter "d"
                  \fontsize #-5
                  \musicglyph "accidentals.sharp"} #}
          red)
        (place-fret 1 2 1)
      )
  }
>>
```

--------------------------------

### LilyPond Mensural Music Transcription Example

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/learning-big-page.cs.html

This snippet demonstrates a full LilyPond score for transcribing mensural music. It includes setup for global settings, incipits for different voices (Discantus, Altus, Tenor, Bassus), musical notes, lyrics, and score layout configurations. Note the use of `
ecursiveGroup` and `
ecursiveStaff` for nested staff groups, and `
ecursiveVoice` for nested voices.

```lilypond
%% With 2.23. this throws:
%% programming error: Loose column does not have right side to attach to.
%% Likely "Hidden BarLine during note yields programming error"
%% https://gitlab.com/lilypond/lilypond/-/issues/4084
%%  --Harm

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% A short excerpt from the Jubilate Deo by Orlande de Lassus
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

global = {
  \set Score.skipBars = ##t
  \key g \major
  \time 4/4

  % the actual music
  \skip 1*8

  % let finis bar go through all staves
  \override Staff.BarLine.transparent = ##f

  % finis bar
  \bar "|."
}

discantusIncipit = {
  \clef "neomensural-c1"
  \key f \major
  \time 2/2
  c''1.
}

discantusNotes = {
  \transpose c' c'' {
    \clef "treble"
    d'2. d'4 |
    b e' d'2 |
    c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
    a4) b a2 |
    b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
    \once \hide NoteHead
    c'1 |
    b\breve |
  }
}

discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
  Ju -- bi -- la -- te De -- o,
  om -- nis ter -- ra, __ om-
  "..."
  -us.
}

altusIncipit = {
  \clef "neomensural-c3"
  \key f \major
  \time 2/2
  r1 f'1.
}

altusNotes = {
  \transpose c' c'' {
    \clef "treble"
    r2 g2. e4 fis g |
    a2 g4 e |
    fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
    g1 |
    \once \hide NoteHead
    g1 |
    g\breve |
  }
}

altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
  Ju -- bi -- la -- te
  De -- o, om -- nis ter -- ra,
  "..."
  -us.
}

tenorIncipit = {
  \clef "neomensural-c4"
  \key f \major
  \time 2/2
  r\longa
  r\breve
  r1 c'1.
}

tenorNotes = {
  \transpose c' c' {
    \clef "treble_8"
    R1 |
    R1 |
    R1 |
    % two measures
    r2 d'2. d'4 b e' |
    \once \hide NoteHead
    e'1 |
    d'\breve |
  }
}

tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
  Ju -- bi -- la -- te
  "..."
  -us.
}

bassusIncipit = {
  \clef "mensural-f"
  \key f \major
  \time 2/2
  r\maxima
  f1.
}

bassusNotes = {
  \transpose c' c' {
    \clef "bass"
    R1 |
    R1 |
    R1 |
    R1 |
    g2. e4 |
    \once \hide NoteHead
    e1 |
    g\breve |
  }
}

bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
  Ju -- bi-
  "..."
  -us.
}

\score {
  <<
    \new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
      \new Voice = "discantusNotes" <<
        \set Staff.instrumentName = "Discantus"
        \incipit \discantusIncipit
        \global
        \discantusNotes
      >>
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
      \new Voice = "altusNotes" <<
        \set Staff.instrumentName = "Altus"
        \global
        \incipit \altusIncipit
        \altusNotes
      >>
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
      \new Voice = "tenorNotes" <<
        \set Staff.instrumentName = "Tenor"
        \global
        \incipit \tenorIncipit
        \tenorNotes
      >>
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
      \new Voice = "bassusNotes" <<
        \set Staff.instrumentName = "Bassus"
        \global
        \incipit \bassusIncipit
        \bassusNotes
      >>
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
    >>
  >>
  \layout {
    \context {
      \Score
      %% no bar lines in staves or lyrics
      \hide BarLine
    }
    %% the next two instructions keep the lyrics between the bar lines
    \context {
      \Lyrics
      \consists "Bar_engraver"
      \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
    }
    \context {
      \Voice
      %% no slurs
      \hide Slur
      %% Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
      %% breaking also at those bar lines where a note overlaps
      %% into the next measure.  The command is commented out in this
      %% short example score, but especially for large scores, you
      %% will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
      %% overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
      %%
emove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
    }
    indent = 6\cm
    incipit-width = 4\cm
  }
}

```

--------------------------------

### Demonstrate Context Reference Points

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/66/lily-daa65de0.ly

Examples showing how different contexts align relative to their reference points.

```lilypond
<<
  \new ChordNames { \chords { \labelContext "ChordNames"  g1:m } }
  \new NoteNames { s1 |\labelContext "NoteNames"  g1 | }
  \new Lyrics { \lyrics { \skip 1*2 | \labelContext "Lyrics" ghijk1 | } }
  \new RhythmicStaff \with { instrumentName = "baseline " } s1*3
>>

<<
  \new Dynamics { \labelContext "Dynamics" s1\mp s\fp }
  \new RhythmicStaff \with { instrumentName = "mid-height " } s1*3
>>

<<
  \new FiguredBass { \labelContext "FiguredBass" \figuremode { <6 5>1 } }
  \new RhythmicStaff \with { instrumentName = "highest point " } s1
>>

\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
<<
  \new FretBoards { \labelContext "FretBoards" \chordmode { e1 } }
  \new RhythmicStaff \with { instrumentName = "top line " } s1
>>
```

--------------------------------

### View the documentation

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/compiling-with-lilydev

Opens the generated documentation in the Firefox browser.

```bash
firefox $LILYPOND_GIT/build/out-www/offline-root/index.html
```

--------------------------------

### Non-Minimal LilyPond Example

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/web/tiny-examples.nl.html

This example is provided to illustrate what is NOT a minimal LilyPond example. It includes more musical context than necessary for demonstrating a specific issue.

```lilypond
\version "2.14.1"
\include "english.ly"

\score {
  \new Staff {
    \key d \major
    \numericTimeSignature
    \time 2/4
    <cs' d'' b''>16 <cs' d'' b''>8. 
    %% Here: the tie on the D's looks funny
    %% Too tall? Left-hand endpoint is not aligned with the B tie?
    ~
    <cs' d'' b''>8 [ <b d'' a''> ]
  }
}

```

--------------------------------

### Install Perl Module with cpanm

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/the-makelsr_002epl-script

Use this command to download, compile, and install Perl modules. The --sudo option installs modules system-wide.

```bash
cpanm --sudo Parallel::ForkManager
```

--------------------------------

### View Makefile Help

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/generating-documentation

Access an overview of available targets for documentation maintenance and build cleaning. Run from any directory in the build tree.

```makefile
make help
```

--------------------------------

### Install LilyPond with Superuser Permissions (sudo)

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/installing-lilypond-from-a-local-build

Use this command when the installation directory requires superuser privileges, such as '/usr/local/'. It temporarily elevates permissions for the installation process.

```bash
sudo make install
```

--------------------------------

### Build Online Docs and Website

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/debugging-website-and-docs-locally

Use these make commands to build all language variants of the website and online documentation. To save time, you can specify specific languages with WEB_LANGS.

```bash
make WEB_TARGETS="offline online" doc
make website
```

```bash
make WEB_LANGS='' website
```

```bash
make WEB_LANGS='fr' website
```

--------------------------------

### Build Specific Documentation Section (Contributors' Guide)

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor-big-page

Use this script to build a single section of the Contributors' Guide. Specify the section filename. This script has different usage than the general manual builder.

```bash
scripts/auxiliar/cg-section.sh SECTION
```

--------------------------------

### Install LilyPond with Superuser Permissions (su)

Source: https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.24/Documentation/contributor/installing-lilypond-from-a-local-build

An alternative to 'sudo make install' for executing the installation command with superuser privileges. This method is useful in environments where 'sudo' is not available or preferred.

```bash
su -c 'make install'
```
Tokens:
Raw