Windows Forms

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms
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### Visual Basic example: DataGridView row manipulation setup and methods

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-manipulate-rows-in-the-windows-forms-datagridview-control

This Visual Basic example shows the form setup and DataGridView initialization, including adding buttons, setting column headers, and populating rows with sample data.

```vb
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Drawing

Public Class DataGridViewRowDemo
    Inherits Form

#Region "Form setup"
    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()
        InitializeComponent()

        AddButton(Button1, "Reset")
        AddButton(Button2, "Change Column 3 Header")
        AddButton(Button3, "Change Meatloaf Recipe")
        AddAdditionalButtons()
    End Sub

    Friend WithEvents dataGridView As DataGridView
    Friend WithEvents Button1 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button2 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button3 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button4 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button5 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button6 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button7 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button8 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button9 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button10 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents FlowLayoutPanel1 As FlowLayoutPanel _
        = New FlowLayoutPanel()

    Private Sub InitializeComponent()
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Location = New Point(454, 0)
        FlowLayoutPanel1.AutoSize = True
        FlowLayoutPanel1.FlowDirection = FlowDirection.TopDown
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Name = "flowlayoutpanel"
        ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(614, 360)
        Controls.Add(FlowLayoutPanel1)
        Text = Me.GetType.Name
        AutoSize = True
    End Sub
#End Region

#Region "setup DataGridView"
    Private thirdColumnHeader As String = "Main Ingredients"
    Private boringMeatloaf As String = "ground beef"
    Private boringMeatloafRanking As String = "*"
    Private boringRecipe As Boolean
    Private shortMode As Boolean

    Private Sub InitializeDataGridView(ByVal ignored As Object, _
    ByVal ignoredToo As EventArgs) Handles Me.Load

        dataGridView = New System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView
        Controls.Add(dataGridView)
        dataGridView.Size = New Size(300, 200)

        ' Create an unbound DataGridView by declaring a
        ' column count.
        dataGridView.ColumnCount = 4
        dataGridView.ColumnHeadersVisible = True
        AdjustDataGridViewSizing()

        ' Set the column header style.
        Dim columnHeaderStyle As New DataGridViewCellStyle
        columnHeaderStyle.BackColor = Color.Aqua
        columnHeaderStyle.Font = _
            New Font("Verdana", 10, FontStyle.Bold)
        dataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle = _
            columnHeaderStyle

        ' Set the column header names.
        dataGridView.Columns(0).Name = "Recipe"
        dataGridView.Columns(1).Name = "Category"
        dataGridView.Columns(2).Name = thirdColumnHeader
        dataGridView.Columns(3).Name = "Rating"

        ' Populate the rows.
        Dim row1 As String() = New String() _
            {"Meatloaf", "Main Dish", boringMeatloaf, _
            boringMeatloafRanking}
        Dim row2 As String() = New String() _
            {"Key Lime Pie", "Dessert", _
            "lime juice, evaporated milk", _
            "****"}
        Dim row3 As String() = New String() _
            {"Orange-Salsa Pork Chops", "Main Dish", _
            "pork chops, salsa, orange juice", "****"}
        Dim row4 As String() = New String() _
            {"Black Bean and Rice Salad", "Salad", _
            "black beans, brown rice", _
            "****"}
        Dim row5 As String() = New String() _
            {"Chocolate Cheesecake", "Dessert", "cream cheese", _
            "***"}
        Dim row6 As String() = New String() _
            {"Black Bean Dip", "Appetizer", _
            "black beans, sour cream", _
                "***"}
        Dim rows As Object() = New Object() {row1, row2, _
            row3, row4, row5, row6}

        Dim rowArray As String()
        For Each rowArray In rows
            dataGridView.Rows.Add(rowArray)
        Next

        shortMode = False
        boringRecipe = True
    End Sub
```

--------------------------------

### ProgrammaticSizing DataGridView setup with columns and rows

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/programmatically-resize-cells-to-fit-content-in-the-datagrid

C++/CLI example that creates a DataGridView with four columns and six rows of recipe data, setting column headers and cell styles. It initializes the grid on the form's Load event and prepares buttons for programmatic resizing demonstrations.

```cpp
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>
#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Drawing.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
public ref class ProgrammaticSizing: public System::Windows::Forms::Form
{
private:
   FlowLayoutPanel^ flowLayoutPanel1;
   Button^ button1;
   Button^ button2;
   Button^ button3;
   Button^ button4;
   Button^ button5;
   Button^ button6;
   Button^ button7;
   Button^ button8;
   Button^ button9;
   Button^ button10;
   Button^ button11;

public:
   ProgrammaticSizing()
   {
      button1 = gcnew Button;
      button2 = gcnew Button;
      button3 = gcnew Button;
      button4 = gcnew Button;
      button5 = gcnew Button;
      button6 = gcnew Button;
      button7 = gcnew Button;
      button8 = gcnew Button;
      button9 = gcnew Button;
      button10 = gcnew Button;
      button11 = gcnew Button;
      thirdColumnHeader = "Main Ingredients";
      boringMeatloaf = "ground beef";
      boringMeatloafRanking = "*";
      otherResturant = "Gomes's Saharan Sushi";
      InitializeComponent();
      AddDirections();
      this->Load += gcnew EventHandler( this, &ProgrammaticSizing::InitializeDataGridView );
      AddButton( button1, "Reset", gcnew EventHandler( this, &ProgrammaticSizing::ResetToDisorder ) );
      AddButton( button2, "Change Column 3 Header", gcnew EventHandler( this, &ProgrammaticSizing::ChangeColumn3Header ) );
      AddButton( button3, "Change Meatloaf Recipe", gcnew EventHandler( this, &ProgrammaticSizing::ChangeMeatloafRecipe ) );
      AddButton( button10, "Change Resturant 2", gcnew EventHandler( this, &ProgrammaticSizing::ChangeResturant ) );
      AddButtonsForProgrammaticResizing();
   }


private:
   void InitializeComponent()
   {
      this->flowLayoutPanel1 = gcnew FlowLayoutPanel;
      this->flowLayoutPanel1->FlowDirection = FlowDirection::TopDown;
      this->flowLayoutPanel1->Location = Point(492,0);
      this->flowLayoutPanel1->AutoSize = true;
      this->AutoSize = true;
      this->Controls->Add( this->flowLayoutPanel1 );
      this->Text = this->GetType()->Name;
   }

   void AddDirections()
   {
      Label^ directions = gcnew Label;
      directions->AutoSize = true;
      String^ newLine = Environment::NewLine;
      directions->Text = String::Format( "Press the buttons that start {0}with 'Change' to see how different sizing {1}modes deal with content changes.", newLine, newLine );
      flowLayoutPanel1->Controls->Add( directions );
   }

   System::Drawing::Size startingSize;
   String^ thirdColumnHeader;
   String^ boringMeatloaf;
   String^ boringMeatloafRanking;
   bool boringRecipe;
   bool shortMode;
   DataGridView^ dataGridView1;
   String^ otherResturant;
   void InitializeDataGridView( Object^ /*sender*/, EventArgs^ /*ignoredToo*/ )
   {
      this->dataGridView1 = gcnew DataGridView;
      this->dataGridView1->Location = Point(0,0);
      this->dataGridView1->Size = System::Drawing::Size( 292, 266 );
      this->Controls->Add( this->dataGridView1 );
      startingSize = System::Drawing::Size( 450, 400 );
      dataGridView1->Size = startingSize;
      AddColumns();
      PopulateRows();
      shortMode = false;
      boringRecipe = true;
   }

   void AddColumns()
   {
      dataGridView1->ColumnCount = 4;
      dataGridView1->ColumnHeadersVisible = true;
      DataGridViewCellStyle ^ columnHeaderStyle = gcnew DataGridViewCellStyle;
      columnHeaderStyle->BackColor = Color::Aqua;
      columnHeaderStyle->Font = gcnew System::Drawing::Font( "Verdana",10,FontStyle::Bold );
      dataGridView1->ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle = columnHeaderStyle;
      dataGridView1->Columns[ 0 ]->Name = "Recipe";
      dataGridView1->Columns[ 1 ]->Name = "Category";
      dataGridView1->Columns[ 2 ]->Name = thirdColumnHeader;
      dataGridView1->Columns[ 3 ]->Name = "Rating";
   }

   void PopulateRows()
   {
      array<String^>^row1 = {"Meatloaf","Main Dish",boringMeatloaf,boringMeatloafRanking};
      array<String^>^row2 = {"Key Lime Pie","Dessert","lime juice, evaporated milk","****"};
      array<String^>^row3 = {"Orange-Salsa Pork Chops","Main Dish","pork chops, salsa, orange juice","****"};
      array<String^>^row4 = {"Black Bean and Rice Salad","Salad","black beans, brown rice","****"};
      array<String^>^row5 = {"Chocolate Cheesecake","Dessert","cream cheese","***"};
      array<String^>^row6 = {"Black Bean Dip","Appetizer","black beans, sour cream","***"};
      array<Object^>^rows = {row1,row2,row3,row4,row5,row6};
      IEnumerator^ myEnum = rows->GetEnumerator();
      while ( myEnum->MoveNext() )
      {
         array<String^>^row = safe_cast<array<String^>^>(myEnum->Current);
         dataGridView1->Rows->Add( row );
      }

```

--------------------------------

### Configure remaining menu items and form layout

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-provide-standard-menu-items-to-a-form

Continues the example by configuring the remaining menu items (Print, PrintPreview, Exit, Edit, Tools, Help) and the StatusStrip, then sets the form properties and resumes layout. This completes the standard menu setup.

```VB
Me.PrintToolStripMenuItem.ShortcutKeys = CType((System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Control Or System.Windows.Forms.Keys.P), System.Windows.Forms.Keys)
        Me.PrintToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(152, 22)
        Me.PrintToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Print"
        '
        'PrintPreviewToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.PrintPreviewToolStripMenuItem.Image = CType(resources.GetObject("PrintPreviewToolStripMenuItem.Image"), System.Drawing.Image)
        Me.PrintPreviewToolStripMenuItem.ImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Magenta
        Me.PrintPreviewToolStripMenuItem.Name = "PrintPreviewToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.PrintPreviewToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(152, 22)
        Me.PrintPreviewToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Print Pre&view"
        '
        'toolStripSeparator2
        '
        Me.toolStripSeparator2.Name = "toolStripSeparator2"
        Me.toolStripSeparator2.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(149, 6)
        '
        'ExitToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.ExitToolStripMenuItem.Name = "ExitToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.ExitToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(152, 22)
        Me.ExitToolStripMenuItem.Text = "E&xit"
        '
        'EditToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.EditToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(New System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem() {Me.UndoToolStripMenuItem, Me.RedoToolStripMenuItem, Me.toolStripSeparator3, Me.CutToolStripMenuItem, Me.CopyToolStripMenuItem, Me.PasteToolStripMenuItem, Me.toolStripSeparator4, Me.SelectAllToolStripMenuItem})
        Me.EditToolStripMenuItem.Name = "EditToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.EditToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(37, 20)
        Me.EditToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Edit"
        '
        'UndoToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.UndoToolStripMenuItem.Image = CType(resources.GetObject("UndoToolStripMenuItem.Image"), System.Drawing.Image)
        Me.UndoToolStripMenuItem.ImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Magenta
        Me.UndoToolStripMenuItem.Name = "UndoToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.UndoToolStripMenuItem.ShortcutKeys = CType((System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Control Or System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Z), System.Windows.Forms.Keys)
        Me.UndoToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(152, 22)
        Me.UndoToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Undo"
        '
        'RedoToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.RedoToolStripMenuItem.Image = CType(resources.GetObject("RedoToolStripMenuItem.Image"), System.Drawing.Image)
        Me.RedoToolStripMenuItem.ImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Magenta
        Me.RedoToolStripMenuItem.Name = "RedoToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.RedoToolStripMenuItem.ShortcutKeys = CType((System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Control Or System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Y), System.Windows.Forms.Keys)
        Me.RedoToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(152, 22)
        Me.RedoToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Redo"
        '
        'toolStripSeparator3
        '
        Me.toolStripSeparator3.Name = "toolStripSeparator3"
        Me.toolStripSeparator3.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(149, 6)
        '
        'CutToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.CutToolStripMenuItem.Image = CType(resources.GetObject("CutToolStripMenuItem.Image"), System.Drawing.Image)
        Me.CutToolStripMenuItem.ImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Magenta
        Me.CutToolStripMenuItem.Name = "CutToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.CutToolStripMenuItem.ShortcutKeys = CType((System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Control Or System.Windows.Forms.Keys.X), System.Windows.Forms.Keys)
        Me.CutToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(152, 22)
        Me.CutToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Cu&t"
        '
        'CopyToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.CopyToolStripMenuItem.Image = CType(resources.GetObject("CopyToolStripMenuItem.Image"), System.Drawing.Image)
        Me.CopyToolStripMenuItem.ImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Magenta
        Me.CopyToolStripMenuItem.Name = "CopyToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.CopyToolStripMenuItem.ShortcutKeys = CType((System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Control Or System.Windows.Forms.Keys.C), System.Windows.Forms.Keys)
        Me.CopyToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(152, 22)
        Me.CopyToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Copy"
        '
        'PasteToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.PasteToolStripMenuItem.Image = CType(resources.GetObject("PasteToolStripMenuItem.Image"), System.Drawing.Image)
        Me.PasteToolStripMenuItem.ImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Magenta
        Me.PasteToolStripMenuItem.Name = "PasteToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.PasteToolStripMenuItem.ShortcutKeys = CType((System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Control Or System.Windows.Forms.Keys.V), System.Windows.Forms.Keys)
        Me.PasteToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(152, 22)
        Me.PasteToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Paste"
        '
        'SelectAllToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.SelectAllToolStripMenuItem.Name = "SelectAllToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.SelectAllToolStripMenuItem.ShortcutKeys = CType((System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Control Or System.Windows.Forms.Keys.A), System.Windows.Forms.Keys)
        Me.SelectAllToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(152, 22)
        Me.SelectAllToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Select &All"
        '
        'ToolsToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.ToolsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(New System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem() {Me.CustomizeToolStripMenuItem, Me.OptionsToolStripMenuItem})
        Me.ToolsToolStripMenuItem.Name = "ToolsToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.ToolsToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(44, 20)
        Me.ToolsToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Tools"
        '
        'CustomizeToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.CustomizeToolStripMenuItem.Name = "CustomizeToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.CustomizeToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(130, 22)
        Me.CustomizeToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Customize"
        '
        'OptionsToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.OptionsToolStripMenuItem.Name = "OptionsToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.OptionsToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(130, 22)
        Me.OptionsToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Options"
        '
        'HelpToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.HelpToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(New System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem() {Me.ContentsToolStripMenuItem, Me.IndexToolStripMenuItem, Me.SearchToolStripMenuItem, Me.toolStripSeparator5, Me.AboutToolStripMenuItem})
        Me.HelpToolStripMenuItem.Name = "HelpToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.HelpToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(44, 20)
        Me.HelpToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Help"
        '
        'ContentsToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.ContentsToolStripMenuItem.Name = "ContentsToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.ContentsToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(122, 22)
        Me.ContentsToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Contents"
        '
        'IndexToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.IndexToolStripMenuItem.Name = "IndexToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.IndexToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(122, 22)
        Me.IndexToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Index"
        '
        'SearchToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.SearchToolStripMenuItem.Name = "SearchToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.SearchToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(122, 22)
        Me.SearchToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&Search"
        '
        'AboutToolStripMenuItem
        '
        Me.AboutToolStripMenuItem.Name = "AboutToolStripMenuItem"
        Me.AboutToolStripMenuItem.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(122, 22)
        Me.AboutToolStripMenuItem.Text = "&About..."
        '
        'StatusStrip1
        '
        Me.StatusStrip1.Items.AddRange(New System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem() {Me.ToolStripStatusLabel1})
        Me.StatusStrip1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(0, 270)
        Me.StatusStrip1.Name = "StatusStrip1"
        Me.StatusStrip1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(292, 22)
        Me.StatusStrip1.TabIndex = 1
        Me.StatusStrip1.Text = "StatusStrip1"
        '
        'ToolStripStatusLabel1
        '
        Me.ToolStripStatusLabel1.Name = "ToolStripStatusLabel1"
        Me.ToolStripStatusLabel1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(118, 17)
        Me.ToolStripStatusLabel1.Text = "ToolStripStatusLabel1"
        '
        'Form1
        '
        Me.AutoScaleDimensions = New System.Drawing.SizeF(6.0!, 13.0!)
        Me.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font
        Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(292, 292)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.StatusStrip1)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.MenuStrip1)
        Me.MainMenuStrip = Me.MenuStrip1
        Me.Name = "Form1"
        Me.Text = "Form1"
        Me.MenuStrip1.ResumeLayout(False)
        Me.MenuStrip1.PerformLayout()
        Me.StatusStrip1.ResumeLayout(False)
        Me.StatusStrip1.PerformLayout()
        Me.ResumeLayout(False)
        Me.PerformLayout()
```

--------------------------------

### VB example: timer start/stop handlers and InitializeComponent

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-apply-attributes-in-windows-forms-controls

This is the complete Visual Basic code for the example form, including event handlers, the Main entry point, Dispose override, and the InitializeComponent method that sets up all controls and the timer. The timer is configured with an interval of 1000 ms and SynchronizingObject set to the form, and the performance counter monitors the .NET CLR Memory 'Gen 0 heap size' counter. The startButton_Click handler (not shown) starts the timer, while stopButton_Click stops it and reports a status message.

```VB
Me.timer1.Start()
```

```VB
Private Sub stopButton_Click( _
    ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) _
    Handles stopButton.Click

        Me.ReportStatus((DateTime.Now.ToString() + ": Stopping"))

        Me.timer1.Stop()
    End Sub
```

```VB
Private Sub ReportStatus(msg As String)
      If (msg IsNot Nothing) Then
         Me.statusStripPanel1.Text = msg
      End If
    End Sub
```

```VB
<STAThread()>  _
   Shared Sub Main()
      Application.EnableVisualStyles()
      Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub
```

```VB
Protected Overrides Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
      If disposing AndAlso (components IsNot Nothing) Then
         components.Dispose()
      End If
      MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
    End Sub
```

```VB
Private Sub InitializeComponent()
      Me.components = New System.ComponentModel.Container()
      Me.bindingSource1 = New System.Windows.Forms.BindingSource(Me.components)
      Me.performanceCounter1 = New System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounter()
      Me.startButton = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
      Me.stopButton = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
      Me.timer1 = New System.Timers.Timer()
        Me.statusStripPanel1 = New System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripStatusLabel()
      Me.numericUpDown1 = New System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown()
      Me.groupBox1 = New System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox()
      Me.groupBox2 = New System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox()
      Me.tableLayoutPanel1 = New System.Windows.Forms.TableLayoutPanel()
      Me.attributesDemoControl1 = New AttributesDemoControlLibrary.AttributesDemoControl()
      CType(Me.bindingSource1, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit()
      CType(Me.performanceCounter1, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit()
      CType(Me.timer1, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit()
      CType(Me.numericUpDown1, System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize).BeginInit()
      Me.groupBox1.SuspendLayout()
      Me.groupBox2.SuspendLayout()
      Me.tableLayoutPanel1.SuspendLayout()
      Me.SuspendLayout()
      ' 
      ' performanceCounter1
      ' 
      Me.performanceCounter1.CategoryName = ".NET CLR Memory"
      Me.performanceCounter1.CounterName = "Gen 0 heap size"
      Me.performanceCounter1.InstanceName = "_Global_"
      ' 
      ' startButton
      ' 
      Me.startButton.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(31, 25)
      Me.startButton.Name = "startButton"
      Me.startButton.TabIndex = 1
      Me.startButton.Text = "Start"
      ' 
      ' stopButton
      ' 
      Me.stopButton.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(112, 25)
      Me.stopButton.Name = "stopButton"
      Me.stopButton.TabIndex = 2
      Me.stopButton.Text = "Stop"
      ' 
      ' timer1
      ' 
      Me.timer1.Interval = 1000
      Me.timer1.SynchronizingObject = Me
      ' 
      ' statusStripPanel1
      ' 
      Me.statusStripPanel1.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.Border3DStyle.SunkenOuter
      Me.statusStripPanel1.DisplayStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItemDisplayStyle.Text
      Me.statusStripPanel1.Name = "statusStripPanel1"
      Me.statusStripPanel1.Text = "Ready"
      ' 
      ' numericUpDown1
      ' 
      Me.numericUpDown1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(37, 29)
      Me.numericUpDown1.Maximum = New Decimal(New Integer() {1410065408, 2, 0, 0})
      Me.numericUpDown1.Name = "numericUpDown1"
      Me.numericUpDown1.TabIndex = 7
      ' 
      ' groupBox1
      ' 
      Me.groupBox1.Anchor = System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.None
      Me.groupBox1.Controls.Add(Me.numericUpDown1)
      Me.groupBox1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(280, 326)
      Me.groupBox1.Name = "groupBox1"
      Me.groupBox1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(200, 70)
      Me.groupBox1.TabIndex = 13
      Me.groupBox1.TabStop = False
      Me.groupBox1.Text = "Threshold Value"
      ' 
      ' groupBox2
      ' 
      Me.groupBox2.Anchor = System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.None
      Me.groupBox2.Controls.Add(Me.startButton)
      Me.groupBox2.Controls.Add(Me.stopButton)
      Me.groupBox2.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(26, 327)
      Me.groupBox2.Name = "groupBox2"
      Me.groupBox2.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(214, 68)
      Me.groupBox2.TabIndex = 14
      Me.groupBox2.TabStop = False
      Me.groupBox2.Text = "Logging"
      ' 
      ' tableLayoutPanel1
      ' 
      Me.tableLayoutPanel1.ColumnCount = 2
      Me.tableLayoutPanel1.ColumnStyles.Add(New System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 50F))
      Me.tableLayoutPanel1.ColumnStyles.Add(New System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 50F))
      Me.tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(Me.groupBox2, 0, 1)
      Me.tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(Me.groupBox1, 1, 1)
      Me.tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(Me.attributesDemoControl1, 0, 0)
      Me.tableLayoutPanel1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill
```

--------------------------------

### C# FibonacciForm BackgroundWorker setup and event handlers

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-implement-a-form-that-uses-a-background-operation

C# code for the FibonacciForm example. It sets up the BackgroundWorker event handlers, starts the asynchronous operation with RunWorkerAsync, and cancels it with CancelAsync. The Start button is disabled and the Cancel button enabled while the operation runs.

```csharp
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace BackgroundWorkerExample
{	
    public class FibonacciForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {	
        private int numberToCompute = 0;
        private int highestPercentageReached = 0;

        private System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown numericUpDown1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button startAsyncButton;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button cancelAsyncButton;
        private System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar progressBar1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label resultLabel;
        private System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1;

        public FibonacciForm()
        {	
            InitializeComponent();

            InitializeBackgroundWorker();
        }

        // Set up the BackgroundWorker object by
        // attaching event handlers.
        private void InitializeBackgroundWorker()
        {
            backgroundWorker1.DoWork +=
                new DoWorkEventHandler(backgroundWorker1_DoWork);
            backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted +=
                new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(
            backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted);
            backgroundWorker1.ProgressChanged +=
                new ProgressChangedEventHandler(
            backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged);
        }
    
        private void startAsyncButton_Click(System.Object sender,
            System.EventArgs e)
        {
            // Reset the text in the result label.
            resultLabel.Text = String.Empty;

            // Disable the UpDown control until
            // the asynchronous operation is done.
            this.numericUpDown1.Enabled = false;

            // Disable the Start button until
            // the asynchronous operation is done.
            this.startAsyncButton.Enabled = false;

            // Enable the Cancel button while
            // the asynchronous operation runs.
            this.cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = true;

            // Get the value from the UpDown control.
            numberToCompute = (int)numericUpDown1.Value;

            // Reset the variable for percentage tracking.
            highestPercentageReached = 0;

            // Start the asynchronous operation.
            backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync(numberToCompute);
        }

        private void cancelAsyncButton_Click(System.Object sender,
            System.EventArgs e)
        {
            // Cancel the asynchronous operation.
            this.backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync();

            // Disable the Cancel button.
            cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = false;
        }
```

--------------------------------

### Complete ListView Tile View Example (C++/CLI)

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-enable-tile-view-in-a-windows-forms-listview-control

Complete C++/CLI example that creates a ListView with Tile view, sets TileSize to 400x45 to prevent line-wrapping, adds an ImageList with a book.ico icon, and populates items with three subitems each. Requires System.dll, System.Windows.Forms.dll, and System.Drawing.dll references.

```C++
#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>
#using <System.Drawing.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

public ref class ListViewTilingExample: public Form
{
private:
   ImageList^ myImageList;

public:
   ListViewTilingExample()
   {
      // Initialize myListView.
      ListView^ myListView = gcnew ListView;
      myListView->Dock = DockStyle::Fill;
      myListView->View = View::Tile;
      
      // Initialize the tile size.
      myListView->TileSize = System::Drawing::Size( 400, 45 );
      
      // Initialize the item icons.
      myImageList = gcnew ImageList;
      System::Drawing::Icon^ myIcon = gcnew System::Drawing::Icon( "book.ico" );
      try
      {
         myImageList->Images->Add( myIcon );
      }
      finally
      {
         if ( myIcon )
                  delete safe_cast<IDisposable^>(myIcon);
      }

      myImageList->ImageSize = System::Drawing::Size( 32, 32 );
      myListView->LargeImageList = myImageList;
      
      // Add column headers so the subitems will appear.
      array<ColumnHeader^>^temp0 = {gcnew ColumnHeader,gcnew ColumnHeader,gcnew ColumnHeader};
      myListView->Columns->AddRange( temp0 );
      
      // Create items and add them to myListView.
      array<String^>^temp1 = {"Programming Windows","Petzold, Charles","1998"};
      ListViewItem^ item0 = gcnew ListViewItem( temp1,0 );
      array<String^>^temp2 = {"Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software","Petzold, Charles","2000"};
      ListViewItem^ item1 = gcnew ListViewItem( temp2,0 );
      array<String^>^temp3 = {"Programming Windows with C#","Petzold, Charles","2001"};
      ListViewItem^ item2 = gcnew ListViewItem( temp3,0 );
      array<String^>^temp4 = {"Coding Techniques for Microsoft Visual Basic .NET","Connell, John","2001"};
      ListViewItem^ item3 = gcnew ListViewItem( temp4,0 );
      array<String^>^temp5 = {"C# for Java Developers","Jones, Allen & Freeman, Adam","2002"};
      ListViewItem^ item4 = gcnew ListViewItem( temp5,0 );
      array<String^>^temp6 = {"Microsoft .NET XML Web Services Step by Step","Jones, Allen & Freeman, Adam","2002"};
      ListViewItem^ item5 = gcnew ListViewItem( temp6,0 );
      array<ListViewItem^>^temp7 = {item0,item1,item2,item3,item4,item5};
      myListView->Items->AddRange( temp7 );
      
      // Initialize the form.
      this->Controls->Add( myListView );
      this->Size = System::Drawing::Size( 430, 330 );
      this->Text = "ListView Tiling Example";
   }

protected:

   // Clean up any resources being used.
   ~ListViewTilingExample()
   {
      if ( myImageList != nullptr )
      {
         delete myImageList;
      }
   }
};

[STAThread]
int main()
{
   Application::EnableVisualStyles();
   Application::Run( gcnew ListViewTilingExample );
}

```

--------------------------------

### SetupLayout method (C#)

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/walkthrough-creating-an-unbound-windows-forms-datagridview-control

Sets up the form layout: size, button properties, and panel docking. Called from the form constructor.

```csharp
private void SetupLayout()
{
    this.Size = new Size(600, 500);

    addNewRowButton.Text = "Add Row";
    addNewRowButton.Location = new Point(10, 10);
    addNewRowButton.Click += new EventHandler(addNewRowButton_Click);

    deleteRowButton.Text = "Delete Row";
    deleteRowButton.Location = new Point(100, 10);
    deleteRowButton.Click += new EventHandler(deleteRowButton_Click);

    buttonPanel.Controls.Add(addNewRowButton);
    buttonPanel.Controls.Add(deleteRowButton);
    buttonPanel.Height = 50;
    buttonPanel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom;

    this.Controls.Add(this.buttonPanel);
}

```

--------------------------------

### VB DataGridViewBandDemo form setup

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-manipulate-bands-in-the-windows-forms-datagridview-control

Visual Basic form setup for the DataGridViewBandDemo, including button declarations, InitializeComponent, and fields for the DataGridView setup region. This is the beginning of the VB version of the band manipulation example.

```vb
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Drawing

Public Class DataGridViewBandDemo
    Inherits Form

#Region "Form setup"
    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()
        InitializeComponent()

        AddButton(Button1, "Reset")
        AddButton(Button2, "Change Column 3 Header")
        AddButton(Button3, "Change Meatloaf Recipe")
        AddAdditionalButtons()
    End Sub

    Friend WithEvents dataGridView As DataGridView
    Friend WithEvents Button1 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button2 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button3 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button4 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button5 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button6 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button7 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button8 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button9 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents Button10 As Button = New Button()
    Friend WithEvents FlowLayoutPanel1 As FlowLayoutPanel _
        = New FlowLayoutPanel()

    Private Sub InitializeComponent()
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Location = New Point(454, 0)
        FlowLayoutPanel1.AutoSize = True
        FlowLayoutPanel1.FlowDirection = FlowDirection.TopDown
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Name = "flowlayoutpanel"
        ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(614, 360)
        Controls.Add(FlowLayoutPanel1)
        Text = Me.GetType.Name
        AutoSize = True
    End Sub
#End Region

#Region "setup DataGridView"
    Private thirdColumnHeader As String = "Main Ingredients"
    Private boringMeatloaf As String = "ground beef"
    Private boringMeatloafRanking As String = "*"
    Private boringRecipe As Boolean
    Private shortMode As Boolean
```

--------------------------------

### Project file Application* settings

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/wfdev-diagnostics/wfac010

Example project file settings that generate the ApplicationConfiguration.Initialize method. These settings include ApplicationVisualStyles, ApplicationUseCompatibleTextRendering, ApplicationHighDpiMode, and ApplicationDefaultFont.

```xml
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net8.0-windows</TargetFramework>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <UseWindowsForms>true</UseWindowsForms>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>

    <ApplicationVisualStyles>true</ApplicationVisualStyles>
    <ApplicationUseCompatibleTextRendering>false</ApplicationUseCompatibleTextRendering>
    <ApplicationHighDpiMode>SystemAware</ApplicationHighDpiMode>
    <ApplicationDefaultFont>Microsoft Sans Serif, 8.25pt</ApplicationDefaultFont>

  </PropertyGroup>

</Project>

```

--------------------------------

### C++/CLI: Manipulate DataGridView bands

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-manipulate-bands-in-the-windows-forms-datagridview-control

This code example demonstrates various ways to manipulate DataGridView rows and columns using properties of the DataGridViewBand class. It includes form setup, button creation, and data grid initialization. The example is written in C++/CLI and uses the System::Windows::Forms namespace.

```cpp
#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.dll>
#using <system.windows.forms.dll>
#using <system.drawing.dll>

using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;
public ref class DataGridViewBandDemo: public Form
{
private:

#pragma region S " form setup " 

public:
   DataGridViewBandDemo()
   {
      Button1 = gcnew Button;
      Button2 = gcnew Button;
      Button3 = gcnew Button;
      Button4 = gcnew Button;
      Button5 = gcnew Button;
      Button6 = gcnew Button;
      Button7 = gcnew Button;
      Button8 = gcnew Button;
      Button9 = gcnew Button;
      Button10 = gcnew Button;
      FlowLayoutPanel1 = gcnew FlowLayoutPanel;
      InitializeComponent();
      thirdColumnHeader = L"Main Ingredients";
      boringMeatloaf = L"ground beef";
      boringMeatloafRanking = L"*";
      AddButton( Button1, L"Reset", gcnew EventHandler( this, &DataGridViewBandDemo::Button1_Click ) );
      AddButton( Button2, L"Change Column 3 Header", gcnew EventHandler( this, &DataGridViewBandDemo::Button2_Click ) );
      AddButton( Button3, L"Change Meatloaf Recipe", gcnew EventHandler( this, &DataGridViewBandDemo::Button3_Click ) );
      AddAdditionalButtons();
      InitializeDataGridView();
   }

   DataGridView^ dataGridView;
   Button^ Button1;
   Button^ Button2;
   Button^ Button3;
   Button^ Button4;
   Button^ Button5;
   Button^ Button6;
   Button^ Button7;
   Button^ Button8;
   Button^ Button9;
   Button^ Button10;
   FlowLayoutPanel^ FlowLayoutPanel1;

private:
   void InitializeComponent()
   {
      FlowLayoutPanel1->Location = Point(454,0);
      FlowLayoutPanel1->AutoSize = true;
      FlowLayoutPanel1->FlowDirection = FlowDirection::TopDown;
      AutoSize = true;
      ClientSize = System::Drawing::Size( 614, 360 );
      FlowLayoutPanel1->Name = L"flowlayoutpanel";
      Controls->Add( this->FlowLayoutPanel1 );
      Text = this->GetType()->Name;
   }
```

--------------------------------

### Add Buttons for Column Manipulation Actions

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-manipulate-columns-in-the-windows-forms-datagridview-control

Adds buttons to the form for various column manipulation actions, each with a descriptive label and an event handler. This is part of the example setup.

```csharp
private void AddAdditionalButtons()
    {
        AddButton(Button4, "Set Minimum Width of Column Two",
            new EventHandler(Button4_Click));
        AddButton(Button5, "Set Width of Column One",
            new EventHandler(Button5_Click));
        AddButton(Button6, "Autosize Third Column",
            new EventHandler(Button6_Click));
        AddButton(Button7, "Add Thick Vertical Edge",
            new EventHandler(Button7_Click));
        AddButton(Button8, "Style and Number Columns",
            new EventHandler(Button8_Click));
        AddButton(Button9, "Change Column Header Text",
            new EventHandler(Button9_Click));
        AddButton(Button10, "Swap First and Last Columns",
            new EventHandler(Button10_Click));
    }
```

--------------------------------

### AttributesDemoControl Library Imports and Delegate

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-apply-attributes-in-windows-forms-controls

Starts the AttributesDemoControl library with necessary using directives and declares the ThresholdExceededEventHandler delegate for the ThresholdExceeded event. This is the beginning of the control's code example.

```C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.Design;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Data;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

// This sample demonstrates the use of various attributes for
// authoring a control.
namespace AttributesDemoControlLibrary
{
    // This is the event handler delegate for the ThresholdExceeded event.
    public delegate void ThresholdExceededEventHandler(ThresholdExceededEventArgs e);

```

--------------------------------

### C#: Set up form and DataGridView for column manipulation

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/how-to-manipulate-columns-in-the-windows-forms-datagridview-control

This C# example shows the form constructor and initialization methods for a DataGridView column demo. It sets up buttons, a FlowLayoutPanel, and initializes the DataGridView with column headers and styles.

```csharp
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System;
using System.Drawing;

public class DataGridViewColumnDemo : Form
{
    #region "set up form"
    public DataGridViewColumnDemo()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        AddButton(Button1, "Reset",
            new EventHandler(ResetToDisorder));
        AddButton(Button2, "Change Column 3 Header",
            new EventHandler(ChangeColumn3Header));
        AddButton(Button3, "Change Meatloaf Recipe",
            new EventHandler(ChangeMeatloafRecipe));
        AddAdditionalButtons();

        InitializeDataGridView();
    }

    DataGridView dataGridView;
    Button Button1 = new Button();
    Button Button2 = new Button();
    Button Button3 = new Button();
    Button Button4 = new Button();
    Button Button5 = new Button();
    Button Button6 = new Button();
    Button Button7 = new Button();
    Button Button8 = new Button();
    Button Button9 = new Button();
    Button Button10 = new Button();
    FlowLayoutPanel FlowLayoutPanel1 = new FlowLayoutPanel();

    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Location = new Point(454, 0);
        FlowLayoutPanel1.AutoSize = true;
        FlowLayoutPanel1.FlowDirection = FlowDirection.TopDown;
        FlowLayoutPanel1.Name = "flowlayoutpanel";
        ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(614, 360);
        Controls.Add(this.FlowLayoutPanel1);
        Text = this.GetType().Name;
        AutoSize = true;
    }
    #endregion

    #region "set up DataGridView"

    private string thirdColumnHeader = "Main Ingredients";
    private string boringMeatloaf = "ground beef";
    private string boringMeatloafRanking = "*";
    private bool boringRecipe;
    private bool shortMode;

    private void InitializeDataGridView()
    {
        dataGridView = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView();
        Controls.Add(dataGridView);
        dataGridView.Size = new Size(300, 200);

        // Create an unbound DataGridView by declaring a
        // column count.
        dataGridView.ColumnCount = 4;
        AdjustDataGridViewSizing();

        // Set the column header style.
        DataGridViewCellStyle columnHeaderStyle =
            new DataGridViewCellStyle();
        columnHeaderStyle.BackColor = Color.Aqua;
        columnHeaderStyle.Font =
            new Font("Verdana", 10, FontStyle.Bold);
        dataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle =
            columnHeaderStyle;

        // Set the column header names.
        dataGridView.Columns[0].Name = "Recipe";
        dataGridView.Columns[1].Name = "Category";
        dataGridView.Columns[2].Name = thirdColumnHeader;
        dataGridView.Columns[3].Name = "Rating";

        PostColumnCreation();

```

--------------------------------

### Get selected columns in DataGridView (SelectedColumns property)

Source: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/desktop/winforms/controls/selected-cells-rows-and-columns-datagridview

Use the SelectedColumns property to get the selected columns in a DataGridView control. To enable users to select columns, set the SelectionMode property to FullColumnSelect or ColumnHeaderSelect. The example counts selected columns with GetColumnCount, builds a message with each column index, and shows the total in a MessageBox.

```csharp
private void selectedColumnsButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    Int32 selectedColumnCount = dataGridView1.Columns
        .GetColumnCount(DataGridViewElementStates.Selected);
    if (selectedColumnCount > 0)
    {
        System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

        for (int i = 0; i < selectedColumnCount; i++)
        {
            sb.Append("Column: ");
            sb.Append(dataGridView1.SelectedColumns[i].Index
                .ToString());
            sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);
        }

        sb.Append("Total: " + selectedColumnCount.ToString());
        MessageBox.Show(sb.ToString(), "Selected Columns");
    }
}

```

```vb
Private Sub selectedColumnsButton_Click( _
    ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles selectedColumnsButton.Click

    Dim selectedColumnCount As Integer = dataGridView1.Columns _
        .GetColumnCount(DataGridViewElementStates.Selected)

    If selectedColumnCount > 0 Then

        Dim sb As New System.Text.StringBuilder()

        Dim i As Integer
        For i = 0 To selectedColumnCount - 1

            sb.Append("Column: ")
            sb.Append(dataGridView1.SelectedColumns(i).Index.ToString())
            sb.Append(Environment.NewLine)

        Next i

        sb.Append("Total: " + selectedColumnCount.ToString())
        MessageBox.Show(sb.ToString(), "Selected Columns")

    End If

End Sub

```
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