### Example Database URL

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

An example of a database URL string, typically provided by managed database providers like AWS or Heroku.

```html
mysql://root:password@127.0.0.1/forge?charset=UTF-8
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Pest Test Example

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

An example of a basic test using the Pest testing framework.

```php
<?php

test('basic', function () {
    expect(true)->toBeTrue();
});
```

--------------------------------

### Basic PHPUnit Test Example

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

An example of a basic test using the PHPUnit testing framework.

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Unit;

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * A basic test example.
     */
    public function test_basic_test(): void
    {
        $this->assertTrue(true);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Using firstOrCreate and firstOrNew

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Examples of retrieving a model or creating/instantiating it if it doesn't exist, with and without additional attributes.

```php
use App\Models\Flight;

// Retrieve flight by name or create it if it doesn't exist...
$flight = Flight::firstOrCreate([
    'name' => 'London to Paris'
]);

// Retrieve flight by name or create it with the name, delayed, and arrival_time attributes...
$flight = Flight::firstOrCreate(
    ['name' => 'London to Paris'],
    ['delayed' => 1, 'arrival_time' => '11:30']
);

// Retrieve flight by name or instantiate a new Flight instance...
$flight = Flight::firstOrNew([
    'name' => 'London to Paris'
]);

// Retrieve flight by name or instantiate with the name, delayed, and arrival_time attributes...
$flight = Flight::firstOrNew(
    ['name' => 'Tokyo to Sydney'],
    ['delayed' => 1, 'arrival_time' => '11:30']
);
```

--------------------------------

### Install Paratest and Run Tests in Parallel

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

Install the `brianium/paratest` Composer package and run tests simultaneously across multiple processes using the `--parallel` option.

```shell
composer require brianium/paratest --dev

php artisan test --parallel
```

--------------------------------

### Running an Insert Statement

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of executing an `INSERT` statement using the `DB::insert` method with parameter bindings.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

DB::insert('insert into users (id, name) values (?, ?)', [1, 'Marc']);
```

--------------------------------

### Using Named Bindings

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of executing a query using named parameter bindings instead of positional `?` placeholders.

```php
$results = DB::select('select * from users where id = :id', ['id' => 1]);
```

--------------------------------

### Using Aggregate Methods

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Examples of using count and max aggregate methods with Eloquent models.

```php
$count = Flight::where('active', 1)->count();

$max = Flight::where('active', 1)->max('price');
```

--------------------------------

### Running a Select Query

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of a basic SELECT query using the `DB::select` method with parameter binding to retrieve active users.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\View\View;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Show a list of all of the application's users.
     */
    public function index(): View
    {
        $users = DB::select('select * from users where active = ?', [1]);

        return view('user.index', ['users' => $users]);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Install frontend dependencies and start development server

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

After creating your Laravel application, navigate into the directory, install its frontend dependencies via NPM, and start the Laravel development server.

```shell
cd my-app
npm install && npm run build
composer run dev
```

--------------------------------

### Configuring Read and Write Database Connections

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example configuration for a MySQL connection demonstrating how to specify separate hosts for read and write operations, including the 'sticky' option.

```php
'mysql' => [
    'driver' => 'mysql',
    
    'read' => [
        'host' => [
            '192.168.1.1',
            '196.168.1.2',
        ],
    ],
    'write' => [
        'host' => [
            '192.168.1.3',
        ],
    ],
    'sticky' => true,
    
    'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
    'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'laravel'),
    'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'root'),
    'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
    'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
    'charset' => env('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8mb4'),
    'collation' => env('DB_COLLATION', 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci'),
    'prefix' => '',
    'prefix_indexes' => true,
    'strict' => true,
    'engine' => null,
    'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
        (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 80500 ? \Pdo\Mysql::ATTR_SSL_CA : \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA) => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
    ]) : [],
],
```

--------------------------------

### Connect to Database CLI

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Connects to the default database CLI or a specified connection.

```shell
php artisan db
```

```shell
php artisan db mysql
```

--------------------------------

### Utilizing Dynamic Scopes

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of calling a dynamic scope with a parameter.

```php
$users = User::ofType('admin')->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Running an Unprepared Statement

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of executing an SQL statement without binding any values using the `DB::unprepared` method.

```php
DB::unprepared('update users set votes = 100 where name = "Dries"');
```

--------------------------------

### SQLite Database Connection

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Configuring environment variables to point to an SQLite database.

```ini
DB_CONNECTION=sqlite
DB_DATABASE=/absolute/path/to/database.sqlite
```

--------------------------------

### Running a General Statement

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of executing a general database statement that does not return any value using the `DB::statement` method.

```php
DB::statement('drop table users');
```

--------------------------------

### Listen for DatabaseBusy Event

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of listening for the `DatabaseBusy` event in `AppServiceProvider` to send a notification when the database approaches max connections.

```php
use App\Notifications\DatabaseApproachingMaxConnections;
use Illuminate\Database\Events\DatabaseBusy;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    Event::listen(function (DatabaseBusy $event) {
        Notification::route('mail', 'dev@example.com')
            ->notify(new DatabaseApproachingMaxConnections(
                $event->connectionName,
                $event->connections
            ));
    });
}
```

--------------------------------

### Building Queries with Constraints

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of adding additional constraints to an Eloquent query using query builder methods before retrieving results with `get`.

```php
$flights = Flight::where('active', 1)
    ->orderBy('name')
    ->limit(10)
    ->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Comparing Two Models

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Examples of using the `is` and `isNot` methods to compare two Eloquent models.

```php
if ($post->is($anotherPost)) {
    // ...
}

if ($post->isNot($anotherPost)) {
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Start Laravel local development server

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x

Navigate into the application directory, install frontend dependencies, build assets, and then start Laravel's local development server, queue worker, and Vite development server.

```bash
1cd example-app
2npm install && npm run build
3composer run dev
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Unit Test

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

Command to generate a new test case in the 'tests/Unit' directory.

```shell
php artisan make:test UserTest --unit
```

--------------------------------

### Start Laravel Development Server

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/installation

Commands to navigate into the application directory, install npm dependencies, build frontend assets, and start Laravel's local development server, queue worker, and Vite development server.

```shell
cd example-app
npm install && npm run build
composer run dev
```

--------------------------------

### MySQL Database Configuration

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/installation

Example of updating the .env file to use MySQL as the database driver.

```ini
DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laravel
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=
```

--------------------------------

### Iterating with `cursor`

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of using the `cursor` method to iterate over Eloquent models, reducing memory consumption.

```php
use App\Models\Flight;

foreach (Flight::where('destination', 'Zurich')->cursor() as $flight) {
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving Single Models

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Examples of using `find`, `first`, and `firstWhere` to retrieve single Eloquent model instances.

```php
use App\Models\Flight;

// Retrieve a model by its primary key...
$flight = Flight::find(1);

// Retrieve the first model matching the query constraints...
$flight = Flight::where('active', 1)->first();

// Alternative to retrieving the first model matching the query constraints...
$flight = Flight::firstWhere('active', 1);
```

--------------------------------

### Parallel Testing Hooks

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

Define code to be executed on `setUp` and `tearDown` of a process or test case, including `setUpTestDatabase`.

```php
<?php

namespace App\
```

```php
Providers;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\ParallelTesting;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    /**
     * Bootstrap any application services.
     */
    public function boot(): void
    {
        ParallelTesting::setUpProcess(function (int $token) {
            // ...
        });

        ParallelTesting::setUpTestCase(function (int $token, TestCase $testCase) {
            // ...
        });

        // Executed when a test database is created...
        ParallelTesting::setUpTestDatabase(function (string $database, int $token) {
            Artisan::call('db:seed');
        });

        ParallelTesting::tearDownTestCase(function (int $token, TestCase $testCase) {
            // ...
        });

        ParallelTesting::tearDownProcess(function (int $token) {
            // ...
        });
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Run Tests with PHPUnit

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

Command to execute tests using the PHPUnit runner.

```shell
./vendor/bin/phpunit
```

--------------------------------

### Running a Delete Statement

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of executing a `DELETE` statement using the `DB::delete` method, which returns the number of affected rows.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

$deleted = DB::delete('delete from users');
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving a policy instance

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/helpers

Example of using `policy()` to get a policy instance for a specific class.

```php
$policy = policy(App\Models\User::class);
```

--------------------------------

### Disabling `withAttributes` as Conditions

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of instructing `withAttributes` not to add `where` conditions to the query.

```php
$query->withAttributes([
    'hidden' => true,
], asConditions: false);
```

--------------------------------

### Manually beginning a database transaction

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Start a database transaction manually, providing complete control over commit and rollback.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

DB::beginTransaction();
```

--------------------------------

### Manually Registering an Observer in AppServiceProvider

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of registering an observer in the `boot` method of `AppServiceProvider`.

```php
use App\Models\User;
use App\Observers\UserObserver;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    User::observe(UserObserver::class);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Running an Update Statement

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of executing an `UPDATE` statement using the `DB::update` method, which returns the number of affected rows.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

$affected = DB::update(
    'update users set votes = 100 where name = ?',
    ['Anita']
);
```

--------------------------------

### Inspect a model

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Use the `model:show` Artisan command to get an overview of a model's attributes and relations.

```shell
php artisan model:show Flight
```

--------------------------------

### Defining Dynamic Scopes

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of defining a dynamic scope `ofType` that accepts a parameter.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Scope;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class User extends Model
{
    /**
     * Scope a query to only include users of a given type.
     */
    #[Scope]
    protected function ofType(Builder $query, string $type): void
    {
        $query->where('type', $type);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create New Application with Community Starter Kit

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Use the Laravel installer with the `--using` flag to create a new application with a community-maintained starter kit.

```shell
laravel new my-app --using=example/starter-kit
```

--------------------------------

### Utilizing Local Scopes

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of chaining multiple local scopes and an `orderBy` clause.

```php
use App\Models\User;

$users = User::popular()->active()->orderBy('created_at')->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Run Tests with Pest

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

Command to execute tests using the Pest runner.

```shell
./vendor/bin/pest
```

--------------------------------

### Creating Models with Pending Attributes

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of creating a model using a scope defined with `withAttributes`.

```php
$draft = Post::draft()->create(['title' => 'In Progress']);

$draft->hidden; // true
```

--------------------------------

### Writing Global Scopes

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of a class implementing the Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Scope interface to define a global scope.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models\Scopes;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Scope;

class AncientScope implements Scope
{
    /**
     * Apply the scope to a given Eloquent query builder.
     */
    public function apply(Builder $builder, Model $model): void
    {
        $builder->where('created_at', '<', now()->minus(years: 2000));
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Generate model with migration

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Generate a new model and its corresponding database migration file.

```shell
php artisan make:model Flight --migration
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Feature Test

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

Command to generate a new test case in the 'tests/Feature' directory.

```shell
php artisan make:test UserTest
```

--------------------------------

### Example Production Log Stack Configuration

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/logging

An example configuration demonstrating how to build a log stack combining 'syslog' and 'slack' channels, including their individual configurations.

```php
'channels' => [
    'stack' => [
        'driver' => 'stack',
        'channels' => ['syslog', 'slack'], // [tl! add]
        'ignore_exceptions' => false,
    ],

    'syslog' => [
        'driver' => 'syslog',
        'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
        'facility' => env('LOG_SYSLOG_FACILITY', LOG_USER),
        'replace_placeholders' => true,
    ],

    'slack' => [
        'driver' => 'slack',
        'url' => env('LOG_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL'),
        'username' => env('LOG_SLACK_USERNAME', 'Laravel Log'),
        'emoji' => env('LOG_SLACK_EMOJI', ':boom:'),
        'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'critical'),
        'replace_placeholders' => true,
    ],
],
```

--------------------------------

### Performing Other Operations Quietly

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Examples of deleting, force deleting, and restoring models without dispatching events.

```php
$user->deleteQuietly();
$user->forceDeleteQuietly();
$user->restoreQuietly();
```

--------------------------------

### Install Dusk Package

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/dusk

Artisan command to set up Dusk, create the browser test directory, an example test, and install the ChromeDriver binary.

```shell
php artisan dusk:install
```

--------------------------------

### Comparing Related Models

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of using the `is` method to compare a related model without issuing a query.

```php
if ($post->author()->is($user)) {
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### `get()` method example

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/collections

Returns the item at a given key, or `null` if the key does not exist.

```php
$collection = collect(['name' => 'Taylor', 'framework' => 'Laravel']);

$value = $collection->get('name');

// Taylor
```

--------------------------------

### Removing Multiple Global Scopes

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Examples of removing all, specific, or all except specific global scopes from a query.

```php
// Remove all of the global scopes...
User::withoutGlobalScopes()->get();

// Remove some of the global scopes...
User::withoutGlobalScopes([
    FirstScope::class, SecondScope::class
])->get();

// Remove all global scopes except the given ones...
User::withoutGlobalScopesExcept([
    SecondScope::class,
])->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Subquery Selects

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of using `addSelect` with a subquery to retrieve the name of the most recently arrived flight for each destination.

```php
use App\Models\Destination;
use App\Models\Flight;

return Destination::addSelect(['last_flight' => Flight::select('name')
    ->whereColumn('destination_id', 'destinations.id')
    ->orderByDesc('arrived_at')
    ->limit(1)
])->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Listening for all executed queries

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Register a closure in a service provider's `boot` method to be invoked for every SQL query executed, useful for logging or debugging.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Providers;

use Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;

class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    /**
     * Register any application services.
     */
    public function register(): void
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Bootstrap any application services.
     */
    public function boot(): void
    {
        DB::listen(function (QueryExecuted $query) {
            // $query->sql;
            // $query->bindings;
            // $query->time;
            // $query->toRawSql();
        });
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Creating a Carbon instance with `Illuminate\Support\Carbon`

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/helpers

Example of creating a new `Carbon` instance using the `Illuminate\Support\Carbon` class.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;

$now = Carbon::now();
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving All Records

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of retrieving all records from a model's associated database table using the `all` method.

```php
use App\Models\Flight;

foreach (Flight::all() as $flight) {
    echo $flight->name;
}
```

--------------------------------

### prepend Method Example

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/strings

Example demonstrating how to use the `prepend` method to add values to the beginning of a string.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$string = Str::of('Framework')->prepend('Laravel ');

// Laravel Framework
```

--------------------------------

### Vue Frontend Directory Structure

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Overview of the `resources/js` directory structure in the Vue starter kit.

```text
resources/js/
├── components/    # Reusable Vue components
├── composables/   # Vue composables / hooks
├── layouts/       # Application layouts
├── lib/           # Utility functions and configuration
├── pages/         # Page components
└── types/         # TypeScript definitions
```

--------------------------------

### Generated User Observer Class

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of a newly generated observer class with methods for common Eloquent events.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Observers;

use App\Models\User;

class UserObserver
{
    /**
     * Handle the User "created" event.
     */
    public function created(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Handle the User "updated" event.
     */
    public function updated(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Handle the User "deleted" event.
     */
    public function deleted(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Handle the User "restored" event.
     */
    public function restored(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Handle the User "forceDeleted" event.
     */
    public function forceDeleted(User $user): void
    {
        // ...
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create a new Laravel application

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Use the Laravel installer CLI to create a new application, which will prompt you to select your preferred starter kit.

```shell
laravel new my-app
```

--------------------------------

### Applying Global Scopes with ScopedBy Attribute

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of applying a global scope to a model using the #[ScopedBy] attribute.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use App\Models\Scopes\AncientScope;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\ScopedBy;

#[ScopedBy([AncientScope::class])]
class User extends Model
{
    //
}
```

--------------------------------

### Defining the Pruning Method

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of a pruning method that is called before a model is deleted, useful for cleaning up associated resources.

```php
/**
 * Prepare the model for pruning.
 */
protected function pruning(): void
{
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Allowing All Mass Assignment

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of defining the $guarded property as an empty array to allow all attributes to be mass assignable.

```php
/**
 * The attributes that aren't mass assignable.
 *
 * @var array<string>
 */
protected $guarded = [];
```

--------------------------------

### Mass Assigning JSON Columns

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of specifying a JSON column key in the $fillable array for mass assignment.

```php
/**
 * The attributes that are mass assignable.
 *
 * @var array<int, string>
 */
protected $fillable = [
    'options->enabled',
];
```

--------------------------------

### Inspect Database Overview

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Shows an overview of the database, including size, type, connections, and table summary. Options for specifying connection, row counts, and view details are available.

```shell
php artisan db:show
```

```shell
php artisan db:show --database=pgsql
```

```shell
php artisan db:show --counts --views
```

--------------------------------

### Using a Published shadcn-vue Component

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Example of importing and using the `Switch` component in a Vue page after publishing.

```vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import { Switch } from '@/components/ui/switch'
</script>

<template>
    <div>
        <Switch />
    </div>
</template>
```

--------------------------------

### Subquery Ordering

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of using `orderByDesc` with a subquery to sort destinations based on the arrival time of their last flight.

```php
return Destination::orderByDesc(
    Flight::select('arrived_at')
        ->whereColumn('destination_id', 'destinations.id')
        ->orderByDesc('arrived_at')
        ->limit(1)
)->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Defining Default Attribute Values

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of defining default values for model attributes using the `$attributes` property.

```php
<?php

namespace App

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Flight extends Model
{
    /**
     * The model's default values for attributes.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $attributes = [
        'options' => '[]',
        'delayed' => false,
    ];
}
```

--------------------------------

### Inserting a New Model Instance

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Demonstrates how to create a new Eloquent model instance, set its attributes, and save it to the database.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\Flight;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class FlightController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Store a new flight in the database.
     */
    public function store(Request $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        // Validate the request...

        $flight = new Flight;

        $flight->name = $request->name;

        $flight->save();

        return redirect('/flights');
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### padBoth Method Examples

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/strings

Examples demonstrating how to use the `padBoth` method to pad both sides of a string.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

$padded = Str::of('James')->padBoth(10, '_');

// '__James___'

$padded = Str::of('James')->padBoth(10);

// '  James   '
```

--------------------------------

### Publishing shadcn/ui Components for React

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Command to publish a shadcn/ui component, such as 'switch', into the React starter kit's frontend.

```shell
npx shadcn@latest add switch
```

--------------------------------

### Using WithCachedConfig Trait with PHPUnit

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

Example demonstrating how to apply the WithCachedConfig trait in a PHPUnit test class to cache configuration.

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithCachedConfig;
use Tests\TestCase;

class ConfigTest extends TestCase
{
    use WithCachedConfig;

    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Creating a Carbon instance with `now()`

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/helpers

Demonstrates creating a new `Carbon` instance representing the current time.

```php
$now = now();
```

--------------------------------

### Using WithCachedConfig Trait with Pest

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/testing

Example demonstrating how to apply the WithCachedConfig trait in a Pest test file to cache configuration.

```php
<?php

use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithCachedConfig;

pest()->use(WithCachedConfig::class);

// ...
```

--------------------------------

### Switching to Header Layout

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Example of modifying `resources/views/layouts/app.blade.php` to use the header layout with Flux UI.

```blade
<x-layouts::app.header>
    <flux:main container>
        {{ $slot }}
    </flux:main>
</x-layouts::app.header>
```

--------------------------------

### Defining Scope with Pending Attributes

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of defining a `draft` scope that uses `withAttributes` to add attributes to created models.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Scope;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Post extends Model
{
    /**
     * Scope the query to only include drafts.
     */
    #[Scope]
    protected function draft(Builder $query): void
    {
        $query->withAttributes([
            'hidden' => true,
        ]);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Defining Local Scopes

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of defining 'popular' and 'active' local scopes on a User model using the `#[Scope]` attribute.

```php
<?php

namespace App

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Scope;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class User extends Model
{
    /**
     * Scope a query to only include popular users.
     */
    #[Scope]
    protected function popular(Builder $query): void
    {
        $query->where('votes', '>', 100);
    }

    /**
     * Scope a query to only include active users.
     */
    #[Scope]
    protected function active(Builder $query): void
    {
        $query->where('active', 1);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Run Boost Installer

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/ai

Execute the interactive installer after Boost has been installed.

```shell
php artisan boost:install
```

--------------------------------

### Creating URI Instances

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/helpers

Demonstrates various ways to create a Uri instance, including from a string, paths, named routes, signed routes, temporary signed routes, controller actions, and the current request URL.

```php
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
use App\Http\Controllers\InvokableController;
use Illuminate\Support\Uri;

// Generate a URI instance from the given string...
$uri = Uri::of('https://example.com/path');

// Generate URI instances to paths, named routes, or controller actions...
$uri = Uri::to('/dashboard');
$uri = Uri::route('users.show', ['user' => 1]);
$uri = Uri::signedRoute('users.show', ['user' => 1]);
$uri = Uri::temporarySignedRoute('user.index', now()->plus(minutes: 5));
$uri = Uri::action([UserController::class, 'index']);
$uri = Uri::action(InvokableController::class);

// Generate a URI instance from the current request URL...
$uri = $request->uri();
```

--------------------------------

### Anonymous Global Scopes

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of defining a global scope using a closure within the model's booted method.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class User extends Model
{
    /**
     * The "booted" method of the model.
     */
    protected static function booted(): void
    {
        static::addGlobalScope('ancient', function (Builder $builder) {
            $builder->where('created_at', '<', now()->minus(years: 2000));
        });
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Using ULID Keys

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of using the HasUlids trait to automatically generate ULIDs for a model's primary key.

```php
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Concerns\HasUlids;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Article extends Model
{
    use HasUlids;

    // ...
}

$article = Article::create(['title' => 'Traveling to Asia']);

$article->id; // "01gd4d3tgrrfqeda94gdbtdk5c"
```

--------------------------------

### Registering Package Views

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/packages

Example of using `loadViewsFrom` in a service provider's `boot` method to register package views.

```php
/**
 * Bootstrap any package services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    $this->loadViewsFrom(__DIR__.'/../resources/views', 'courier');
}
```

--------------------------------

### Inspect Individual Table Overview

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Provides a general overview of a database table, including its columns, types, attributes, keys, and indexes.

```shell
php artisan db:table users
```

--------------------------------

### Using UUID Keys

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of using the HasUuids trait to automatically generate UUIDs for a model's primary key.

```php
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Concerns\HasUuids;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Article extends Model
{
    use HasUuids;

    // ...
}

$article = Article::create(['title' => 'Traveling to Europe']);

$article->id; // "018f2b5c-6a7f-7b12-9d6f-2f8a4e0c9c11"
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Browser Test Example (PHPUnit)

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/dusk

Demonstrates how to create a browser instance and perform basic login actions using PHPUnit.

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Browser;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseMigrations;
use Laravel\Dusk\Browser;
use Tests\DuskTestCase;

class ExampleTest extends DuskTestCase
{
    use DatabaseMigrations;

    /**
     * A basic browser test example.
     */
    public function test_basic_example(): void
    {
        $user = User::factory()->create([
            'email' => 'taylor@laravel.com',
        ]);

        $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) use ($user) {
            $browser->visit('/login')
                ->type('email', $user->email)
                ->type('password', 'password')
                ->press('Login')
                ->assertPathIs('/home');
        });
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Eloquent Model Class

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

An example of a basic Eloquent model class, typically located in `app/Models` and extending `Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model`.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Flight extends Model
{
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example Command Structure

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/artisan

A full example of a class-based Artisan command, demonstrating signature, description, and dependency injection in the handle method.

```php
<?php

namespace App\
```

--------------------------------

### Customizing `search` with Placeholder and Hint

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/prompts

Example showing how to include placeholder text and an informational hint with the `search` function.

```php
$id = search(
    label: 'Search for the user that should receive the mail',
    placeholder: 'E.g. Taylor Otwell',
    options: fn (string $value) => strlen($value) > 0
        ? User::whereLike('name', "%{$value}%")->pluck('name', 'id')->all()
        : [],
    hint: 'The user will receive an email immediately.'
);
```

--------------------------------

### Example Third-Party Package AI Guidelines File

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/boost

An example of the `resources/boost/guidelines/core.blade.php` file content, demonstrating the structure for AI guidelines, including how to embed a code snippet within the guidelines using `@verbatim` and `<code-snippet>`.

```php
## Package Name

This package provides [brief description of functionality].

### Features

- Feature 1: [clear & short description].
- Feature 2: [clear & short description]. Example usage:

@verbatim
<code-snippet name="How to use Feature 2" lang="php">
$result = PackageName::featureTwo($param1, $param2);
</code-snippet>
@endverbatim
```

--------------------------------

### Autocomplete with Placeholder, Default, and Hint

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/prompts

Example of using `autocomplete` with `placeholder`, `default`, and `hint` arguments.

```php
$name = autocomplete(
    label: 'What is your name?',
    options: ['Taylor', 'Dayle', 'Jess', 'Nuno', 'Tim'],
    placeholder: 'E.g. Taylor',
    default: $user?->name,
    hint: 'Use tab to accept, up/down to cycle.'
);
```

--------------------------------

### Combining Scopes with Higher-Order `orWhere`

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of fluently chaining scopes together using Laravel's higher-order `orWhere` method.

```php
$users = User::popular()->orWhere->active()->get();
```

--------------------------------

### Create a new Laravel application

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x

Use the Laravel installer to create a new application. The installer will prompt you to select your preferred testing framework, database, and starter kit.

```bash
1laravel new example-app

laravel new example-app
```

--------------------------------

### Applying Global Scopes in booted method

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of manually registering a global scope by overriding the model's booted method.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use App\Models\Scopes\AncientScope;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class User extends Model
{
    /**
     * The "booted" method of the model.
     */
    protected static function booted(): void
    {
        static::addGlobalScope(new AncientScope);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Implementing the MassPrunable Trait

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of a Flight model using the MassPrunable trait for efficient mass-deletion, bypassing individual model events.

```php
<?php

namespace App

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MassPrunable;

class Flight extends Model
{
    use MassPrunable;

    /**
     * Get the prunable model query.
     */
    public function prunable(): Builder
    {
        return static::where('created_at', '<=', now()->minus(months: 1));
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmarking with multiple iterations

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/helpers

Demonstrates how to specify the number of iterations for a benchmark to get an average execution time.

```php
Benchmark::dd(fn () => User::count(), iterations: 10); // 0.5 ms
```

--------------------------------

### Implementing the Prunable Trait

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of a Flight model using the Prunable trait and defining the prunable method to specify which models should be deleted.

```php
<?php

namespace App

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Prunable;

class Flight extends Model
{
    use Prunable;

    /**
     * Get the prunable model query.
     */
    public function prunable(): Builder
    {
        return static::where('created_at', '<=', now()->minus(months: 1));
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Accessing the underlying PDO instance

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Retrieve the raw PDO instance from a database connection for direct interaction.

```php
$pdo = DB::connection()->getPdo();
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving Single Models with Fallback

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Examples of using `findOr` and `firstOr` to retrieve a single model or execute a closure if no results are found.

```php
$flight = Flight::findOr(1, function () {
    // ...
});

$flight = Flight::where('legs', '>', 3)->firstOr(function () {
    // ...
});
```

--------------------------------

### Start Laravel and Inertia SSR Servers

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Command to start the Laravel development server and Inertia SSR server after building an SSR compatible bundle.

```shell
composer dev:ssr
```

--------------------------------

### Refreshing a Model Instance (refresh)

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of re-hydrating an existing model instance with fresh data from the database using the `refresh` method.

```php
$flight = Flight::where('number', 'FR 900')->first();

$flight->number = 'FR 456';

$flight->refresh();

$flight->number; // "FR 900"
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Pipeline Usage with Closures

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/helpers

Demonstrates how to use the Pipeline facade to send an input through a series of closures, where each closure can inspect or modify the input.

```php
use Closure;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Pipeline;

$user = Pipeline::send($user)
    ->through([
        function (User $user, Closure $next) {
            // ...

            return $next($user);
        },
        function (User $user, Closure $next) {
            // ...

            return $next($user);
        },
    ])
    ->then(fn (User $user) => $user);
```

--------------------------------

### Refreshing a Model Instance (fresh)

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of re-retrieving a model from the database without affecting the existing instance using the `fresh` method.

```php
$flight = Flight::where('number', 'FR 900')->first();

$freshFlight = $flight->fresh();
```

--------------------------------

### Using a Published shadcn/ui Switch Component in React

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Example of importing and using the 'Switch' component from shadcn/ui within a React page component after it has been published.

```jsx
import { Switch } from "@/components/ui/switch"

const MyPage = () => {
  return (
    <div>
      <Switch />
    </div>
  );
};

export default MyPage;
```

--------------------------------

### Displaying Secondary Information with `suggest`

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/prompts

Example demonstrating how to use the `info` argument with the `suggest` function to display additional information based on the currently highlighted option.

```php
$name = suggest(
    label: 'What is your name?',
    options: ['Taylor', 'Dayle'],
    info: fn (string $value) => match ($value) {
        'Taylor' => 'Administrator',
        'Dayle' => 'Contributor',
        default => null,
    }
);
```

--------------------------------

### Selecting Multiple Result Sets

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of retrieving multiple result sets from a stored procedure using the `DB::selectResultSets` method.

```php
[$options, $notifications] = DB::selectResultSets(
    "CALL get_user_options_and_notifications(?)", $request->user()->id
);
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Browser Test Example (Pest)

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/dusk

Demonstrates how to create a browser instance and perform basic login actions using Pest.

```php
<?php

use App
\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseMigrations;
use Laravel\Dusk\Browser;

pest()->use(DatabaseMigrations::class);

test('basic example', function () {
    $user = User::factory()->create([
        'email' => 'taylor@laravel.com',
    ]);

    $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) use ($user) {
        $browser->visit('/login')
            ->type('email', $user->email)
            ->type('password', 'password')
            ->press('Login')
            ->assertPathIs('/home');
    });
});
```

--------------------------------

### Selecting Scalar Values

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example of retrieving a single scalar value directly from a database query using the `DB::scalar` method.

```php
$burgers = DB::scalar(
    "select count(case when food = 'burger' then 1 end) as burgers from menu"
);
```

--------------------------------

### Building and Starting SSR Server

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/vite

Commands to build the assets and start the SSR server.

```shell
npm run build
node bootstrap/ssr/ssr.js
```

--------------------------------

### Restrict Routes with Verified Middleware

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Add the `verified` middleware to routes to restrict access until the user's email address is verified.

```php
Route::middleware(['auth', 'verified'])->group(function () {
    Route::get('dashboard', function () {
        return Inertia::render('dashboard');
    })->name('dashboard');
});
```

--------------------------------

### Iterating Select Query Results

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/database

Example demonstrating how to iterate over the results returned by `DB::select`, where each result is a PHP `stdClass` object.

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

$users = DB::select('select * from users');

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo $user->name;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Chunking using Lazy Collections

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/eloquent

Example of using the `lazy` method to process records in chunks, returning a flattened `LazyCollection` for stream-like interaction.

```php
use App\Models\Flight;

foreach (Flight::lazy() as $flight) {
    // ...
}
```

--------------------------------

### Installation

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/prompts

Install Laravel Prompts using Composer.

```shell
composer require laravel/prompts
```

--------------------------------

### Suggest with Placeholder, Default, and Hint

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/prompts

Illustrates how to include placeholder text, a default value, and an informational hint with the `suggest` function.

```php
$name = suggest(
    label: 'What is your name?',
    options: ['Taylor', 'Dayle'],
    placeholder: 'E.g. Taylor',
    default: $user?->name,
    hint: 'This will be displayed on your profile.'
);
```

--------------------------------

### Enabling and Disabling Features

Source: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/starter-kits

Configuration for enabling or disabling Fortify features in `config/fortify.php`.

```php
use Laravel\Fortify\Features;

'features' => [
    Features::registration(),
    Features::resetPasswords(),
    Features::emailVerification(),
    Features::twoFactorAuthentication([
        'confirm' => true,
        'confirmPassword' => true,
    ]),
],
```