### Basic Expression Language Examples

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/basic-python-troubleshooting/scripting-vs-sql-vs-expressions

Examples of expression syntax used for calculations and conditional logic in Ignition.

```Expression
=SUM(C5:C10)
```

```Expression
if({Root Container.type}="Type C",True,False)
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate PrettyPrinter and Make HTTP GET Request

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/web-services-suds-and-rest/http-methods

Instantiates a PrettyPrinter for formatted output and makes a GET request to the OpenWeatherMap API. Requires an API key and includes parameters for latitude, longitude, and appid. The JSON response is then decoded into a Python dictionary.

```Python
pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)
url = "https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather"
myClient = system.net.httpClient()
response = myClient.get(url, {"lat":38.652330, "lon":-121.189773, "appid":"Your API key"})
decodedDict = response.getJson()
pp.pprint(decodedDict)
```

--------------------------------

### Use Basic Arithmetic Operators

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/numeric-types

Examples of common operators for addition and string concatenation.

```python
 5 + 1 = 6   
 "Hello " + " World"
```

--------------------------------

### Order of Operations Examples

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects

Demonstrates how operator precedence affects the evaluation of expressions.

```python
6+10*2   # produces 6+(10*2) = 26  
6*10+2   # produces (6*10)+2 = 62  
   
10*6%2   # produces (10*6)%2 = 0  
10%6*2   # produces (10%6)*2 = 8  
```

--------------------------------

### Exporting Data to CSV

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-examples/exporting-and-importing-a-csv

These examples demonstrate how to convert a component's dataset to a CSV string and write it to the local file system.

```python
# Create a variable that references our Power Table. You could modify this part  
# of the example to point to a different component in the window.  
component = event.source.parent.getComponent('Power Table')  
  
# Use system.dataset.toCSV to turn the dataset into a CSV string  
csv = system.dataset.toCSV(component.data)  
  
# Write to local file system. Note the "r" character right before the directory path.  
# This denotes a raw string literal, meaning we ignore escape sequences (like the "/")  
system.file.writeFile(r"C:\myExports\myExport.csv", csv)  
```

```python
# Create a variable that references our Power Table. You could modify this part  
# of the example to point to a different component in the window.  
component = event.source.parent.getComponent('Power Table')  
  
# Use system.dataset.toCSV to turn the dataset into a CSV string.  
csv = system.dataset.toCSV(component.data)  
  
# Use system.file.saveFile to have the user find a directory to write to.  
filePath = system.file.saveFile("myExport.csv", "csv", "Comma Separated Values")  
  
# We can check the value of filePath to make sure the user picked a path before  
# attempting to write.  
if filePath:  
    system.file.writeFile(filePath, csv)  
```

--------------------------------

### Infinite While Loop Example

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/conditions-and-loops

Demonstrates a common pitfall where a missing increment causes an infinite loop.

```python
x = 0  
while x < 10:  
    x += 1 # Forgetting to add a way to increment "x" will cause an infinite loop  
    print x  
```

--------------------------------

### Print 'Hello World' in Scripting Console

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/getting-started-with-scripting

Use the Scripting Console for immediate feedback when testing or writing new scripts. This is a good starting point for learning Python in Ignition without needing to create UI components first.

```Python
print 'Hello World'  

```

--------------------------------

### Example Tag Export with Alarms and OPC

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/json-format

This JSON export demonstrates Tag configurations including alarm definitions and OPC item paths for atomic Tags.

```json
{
  "tags": [
    {
      "valueSource": "memory",
      "dataType": "Boolean",
      "alarms": [
        {
          "setpointA": 1,
          "name": "Above Normal"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Boolean Tag",
      "value": false,
      "tagType": "AtomicTag"
    },
    {
      "valueSource": "memory",
      "dataType": "Boolean",
      "name": "One Shot Trigger",
      "tagGroup": "Driven One Shot",
      "value": true,
      "tagType": "AtomicTag",
      "enabled": true
    },
    {
      "valueSource": "opc",
      "opcItemPath": "ns\u003d1;s\u003d[Generic]_Meta:Random/RandomDouble1",
      "dataType": "Float8",
      "name": "Pressure3",
      "tagGroup": "Driven One Shot",
      "tagType": "AtomicTag",
      "enabled": true,
      "opcServer": "Ignition OPC UA Server"
    },
    {
      "valueSource": "opc",
      "opcItemPath": "ns\u003d1;s\u003d[Generic]_Meta:Random/RandomDouble2",
      "dataType": "Float8",
      "name": "Thickness3",
      "tagGroup": "Driven One Shot",
      "tagType": "AtomicTag",
      "opcServer": "Ignition OPC UA Server"
    }
  ]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate SUDS Client and Print Methods

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/web-services-suds-and-rest/suds-library-overview

Use this to get a reference to a SUDS client object and print all available methods, types, and information about the web service defined in the WSDL. This requires the suds.client module.

```python
from suds.client import Client
client = Client("http://www.w3schools.com/xml/tempconvert.asmx?WSDL")
print client
```

--------------------------------

### Iterate Tag Changes

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/gateway-event-scripts

Example of checking specific change types within the event.changes set.

```python
for i in event.changes:  
    if i.toString() == "ValueChange"  
        foo()
```

--------------------------------

### PyRow index() Method Example

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Demonstrates using the index() method on a PyRow to find the first occurrence of an element. Includes error handling for when the element is not found.

```python
for row in pyDataset:  
    try:  
        print row.index("Apple")  
    except:  
        print "No apples in this row"
```

--------------------------------

### Define a JSON name/value pair

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/json-format

A basic example of a single field name and its associated value.

```json
{
    "companyName":"Inductive Automation"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example Tag Export in JSON

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/json-format

This JSON structure represents an exported Tag configuration, including UDT instances and their properties.

```json
{
  "name": "Tank Instance",
  "typeId": "Tank UDT",
  "tagType": "UdtInstance",
  "tags": [
    {
      "value": "80",
      "name": "Tank Level",
      "tagType": "AtomicTag"
    },
    {
      "value": 80,
      "name": "sliderValue",
      "tagType": "AtomicTag"
    }
  ]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Execute SQL Query in Python Script

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/basic-python-troubleshooting/scripting-vs-sql-vs-expressions

This example demonstrates calling a SQL query from a Python script using system.db.runPrepUpdate. It's recommended to test SQL queries in the Database Query Browser first.

```Python
# Example of calling a SQL query in a script.
# Line 5 creates a variable called "query", and assigns it a string consisting of a prepared statement (using SQL).
# The query is then executed with the system.db.runPrepUpdate function.
query = """
INSERT INTO my_table (col1, col2) VALUES (?, ?)
"""

# Example parameters
params = ["value1", 123]

# Execute the query
system.db.runPrepUpdate(query, params)
```

--------------------------------

### Importing Data from CSV

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-examples/exporting-and-importing-a-csv

These examples show how to read CSV file contents into a string or iterate through rows using Python libraries.

```python
# Ask the user to find the CSV in the local file system.  
path = system.file.openFile("csv")  
   
# Use readFileAsString to read the contents of the file as a string.  
# This string will be the parameter we pass to fromCSV below  
stringData = system.file.readFileAsString(path)  
   
# Split stringData into a List of strings, delimited by the new line character  
stringData = stringData.split("\n")  
   
# Iterate through the list, and do something with each line  
for i in range(len(stringData)):  
       
    # We're printing the row here, but you could do something more useful with the data.  
    print stringData[i]  
```

```python
# Import Python's built-in csv library  
import csv  
   
# Ask the user to find the CSV in the local file system.  
path = system.file.openFile("csv")  
   
# Create a reader object that will iterate over the lines of a CSV.  
# We're using Python's built-in open() function to open the file.  
file = open(path)  
csvData = csv.reader(file)  
```

--------------------------------

### Make HTTP GET Request

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/web-services-suds-and-rest/http-methods

Use system.net.httpClient() to fetch data from a specified URL with query parameters. Ensure you replace 'Your API key' with your actual API key.

```Python
#Set the endpoint URL
url = "https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather"  
   
#Declare a variable for system function we are using  
myClient = system.net.httpClient()  
   
#Declare a variable and set the parameters for the endpoint URL  
#Instead of specifying the API call parameters for the endpoint URL in the beginning  
response = myClient.get(url, {"lat":38.652330, "lon":-121.189773, "appid":"Your API key"})  
   
#Print the output  
print response.getText()  
```

--------------------------------

### Handle Division Errors

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/error-handling

Examples of handling division by zero errors across different languages.

```python
# We start with a value, which could represent some user input.  
x = 2  
   
# We use that value in our try block, and have a simple print statement if there is an error.  
try:  
    value = 100/x  
    print value  
except:  
    print "An error occurred!"  
```

```java
// We start with a value, which could represent some user input.  
int x = 2;  
   
// We use that value in our try block, and have a simple print statement if there is an error.  
try {  
    int value = 100/x;  
    System.out.println(value);  
}  
catch (Exception e) {  
    System.out.println("An error occurred!");  
}  
```

```python
# Import the Exception class  
import java.lang.Exception  
   
```

--------------------------------

### PyRow count() Method Example

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Demonstrates using the count() method on a PyRow to calculate the total occurrences of a given element within that row.

```python
for row in pyDataset:  
    print row.count("Apple")
```

--------------------------------

### Use Keyword Arguments in Python Function Call

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/user-defined-functions

Demonstrates calling a Python function using keyword arguments for improved readability and flexibility. This example shows how to specify an argument by its name ('max') rather than its position.

```Python
print cap(150, max=200)  

```

--------------------------------

### Python If-Else Statement Example

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/conditions-and-loops

Shows how to use an if-else statement to execute one block of code if a condition is true, and another block if it is false.

```python
x = 15  
if x < 10:  
   print "x is less than 10"  
else:  
   print "x is not less than 10"

```

--------------------------------

### PyDataset Repeating Elements Example

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Shows how repeating elements in a PyDataset row can be manipulated, such as by multiplying the row to repeat its contents.

```python
for row in PyDataset  
    print row * 2
```

--------------------------------

### Python Simple If-Statement Example

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/conditions-and-loops

Demonstrates a simple if statement where a condition is checked and a print statement executes if the condition is true. Another condition is checked and does not execute.

```python
x = 5  
z = 15  
if x < 10:  
    # Since the condition "x < 10" is true,  
    # the following line will execute  
    print "'x' is less than 10"  
if z < 10:  
    # This condition "z < 10" is false,  
    # so the following line will not execute  
    print "this will never show"

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Power Table Component Reference (Python)

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/basic-python-troubleshooting/troubleshooting-workflow

This line of code attempts to get a reference to a component named 'Power Table' within the parent container. If the component does not exist or is named differently, this will result in a NoneType object, leading to subsequent errors when accessing its properties.

```Python
table = event.source.parent.getComponent('Power Table')  

```

--------------------------------

### Basic Python Exception Handling

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/error-handling

A fundamental example of using a try-except block to catch general exceptions in Python. This is useful for catching any unexpected errors during script execution.

```python
x = 2

try:
    value = 100/x
    print value
except java.lang.Exception, e:
    print "An error occurred!"
```

--------------------------------

### Python If-Elif-Else Statement Example

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/conditions-and-loops

Demonstrates the use of elif and else to check multiple conditions sequentially. The first condition that evaluates to true will have its corresponding block executed.

```python
x = 3  
if x == 1:  
   print "one"  
elif x == 2:  
   print "two"  
elif x == 3:  
   print "three"  
else:  
   print "not 1-3"

```

--------------------------------

### Generate Integer Ranges with Python's range()

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/built-in-functions

Use the `range()` function to create lists of integers for iteration. Specify start, stop, and step values to control the sequence.

```Python
print range(5)
print range(1, 5)
print range(1, 10, 3)
print range(15, 0, -3)
```

--------------------------------

### Get Power Table Cell Value and Write to Tag (Python)

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/basic-python-troubleshooting/troubleshooting-workflow

This script retrieves the selected cell's value from a Power Table and writes it to a specified tag. Ensure the Power Table component name matches the one in the script ('Power Table' in this example) and the tag path is correct.

```Python
# Create a variable that references the Power Table  
table = event.source.parent.getComponent('Power Table')  
   
# Find the cell the user currently has selected, and store the value in a variable  
userSelectedValue = table.data.getValueAt(table.selectedrow, table.selectedColumn)  
   
# Write the User Selected Value to a tag  
system.tag.write("Scripting/ButtonError/WriteTarget", userSelectedValue)  

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize SUDS Client and Print

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/web-services-suds-and-rest/suds-library-overview

Instantiate a SUDS client by providing the WSDL URL and print the client object to inspect available services and types.

```python
from suds.client import Client
url = 'http://localhost:7575/webservices/hypothetical_webservice?wsdl'
client = Client(url)
print client
```

--------------------------------

### Access Specific Data from JSON Response

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/web-services-suds-and-rest/http-methods

Demonstrates how to access a specific value from a decoded JSON dictionary by navigating through its keys and list indices. This example retrieves the 'description' from the 'weather' list.

```Python
print decodedDict.get("weather")[0].get("description")
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize a Dictionary in Python

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects

Shows the syntax for creating a dictionary using key-value pairs.

```python
newDictionary = {"itemName":5}  
```

--------------------------------

### Slice Strings in Python

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/strings

Extract parts of a string using slicing with start and end indices. The end index is not included in the slice. Default values can be used for start or end.

```Python
a = "Inductive Automation"
# Will print out 'ctive Auto'. Note how the space is counted as a character,
# and the 14th location is before the m, which is not included.
print a[4:14]
```

```Python
a = "Inductive Automation"
# From index 0 to index 12.
print a[:12] # Will print out: Inductive Au

# From index 12 to the end of the string.
print a[12:] # Will print out: tomation

# From the 4th character from the end to the 5th index. Note this prints nothing because the start character is after the end character.
print a[-4:5] # Will print out: 

# From the 8th character from the end to the 2nd character from the end.
print a[-8:-2] # Will print out: tomati

# From index 5 to the 5th character from the end.
print a[5:-5] # Will print out: tive Autom
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Python Dictionary

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/dictionaries

Demonstrates how to create a basic Python dictionary with string keys and associated values.

```python
# In this dictionary, I associated the name John Smith to the key "name",  
# and the id number 12345 to the key "id".  
myDictionary = {"name":"John Smith", "id":12345}
```

--------------------------------

### Example of HTTP 401 Unauthorized Error Response

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/web-services-suds-and-rest/http-methods

This is an example of the JSON response received when an HTTP request fails due to an invalid API key, resulting in a 401 Unauthorized status code.

```JSON
{"cod":401, "message": "Invalid API key. Please see http://openweathermap.org/faq#error401 for more info."}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Lists and Tuples in Python

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects

Shows the syntax for creating list and tuple sequence types.

```python
newList = [1,2]  
newTuple = (2,5,7)  
```

--------------------------------

### Call a Project Library Script

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/project-library

Invoke the hello function from the myFuncs module.

```python
myFuncs.hello()  
```

--------------------------------

### Define Colors in Python

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects

Illustrates setting colors using RGB tuples or the system.gui.color function.

```python
label = event.source  
label.foreground = (255,0,0) #(red,green,blue)  
```

```python
newColor = system.gui.color(255,0,0)  
```

--------------------------------

### Get Column Count

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Determine the total number of columns in a Dataset by calling `getColumnCount()`.

```Python
print cities.getColumnCount()

```

--------------------------------

### Open Windows Based on Client Location

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-examples/location-based-vision-startup-scripts

Navigates to a specific window upon startup based on the client's hostname. Ensure that conflicting 'Open on Startup' window settings are disabled to avoid unexpected behavior.

```python
# Open a window based on location  
  
# Grab the hostname that the user is logging in from  
hostname = system.tag.readBlocking(["[System]Client/Network/Hostname"])[0].value  
  
if hostname == "Machine A Computer":  
    # If the user logs in on a computer that is called Machine A Computer,  
    # then open the Machine A details window.  
    system.nav.openWindow("Machine A Details")  
else:  
    # Otherwise, open the overview  
    system.nav.openWindow("Overview")  
```

--------------------------------

### Get All Column Types

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Retrieve a list of the data types for all columns in a Dataset by calling `getColumnTypes()`.

```Python
print cities.getColumnTypes()

```

--------------------------------

### Get All Column Names

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Obtain a list containing the names of all columns in a Dataset by calling `getColumnNames()`.

```Python
print cities.getColumnNames()

```

--------------------------------

### Get Dictionary Keys

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/dictionaries

Retrieves a list of all keys present in a dictionary using the keys() method.

```python
myDictionary = {"name":"John Smith", "id":12345}
print myDictionary.keys()
```

--------------------------------

### Create and Modify Dates with system.date

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/dates

Use system.date.now or system.date.getDate to initialize dates, and system.date.setTime to adjust the time component.

```python
# Get the current datetime.  
print system.date.now()  
   
# Create a date. The time will be set to midnight.  
newDate = system.date.getDate(2018, 10, 28)  
print newDate  
   
# Change the time on the new date to 11:30 am.  
print system.date.setTime(newDate, 11, 30, 0)  
```

--------------------------------

### Get Dictionary Length

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/dictionaries

Uses the len() function to return the number of key-value pairs in a dictionary.

```python
myDictionary = {"name":"John Smith", "id":12345}
print len (myDictionary)
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Dataset

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects

Constructs a new dataset using a list of headers and a list of rows.

```python
header = ["The Only Column"]  
rows = [[1],[2],[3]]  
   
myDataset = system.dataset.toDataSet(header, rows)  
```

--------------------------------

### Define a JSON object

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/json-format

An example of a JSON object containing multiple properties within curly braces.

```json
{
    "firstName":"Sally",
    "lastName":"Smith"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Get Row Count

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Find out the total number of rows present in a Dataset by using the `getRowCount()` method.

```Python
print cities.getRowCount()

```

--------------------------------

### Get Column Name by Index

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Retrieve the name of a column from a Dataset using its numerical index with `getColumnName()`.

```Python
print cities.getColumnName(1)

```

--------------------------------

### Accessing System Functions via Autocomplete

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/getting-started-with-scripting

Demonstrates the initial syntax for accessing the system namespace in the script editor.

```python
system.  
```

--------------------------------

### Define and Call a Simple Python Function

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/user-defined-functions

Define a basic Python function that prints 'Hello World!' and then call it. This demonstrates the fundamental syntax for function definition and invocation.

```Python
# First we define our function.  
def printHW():  
   print "Hello World!"  
   
# We can then call our function.  
printHW()  

```

--------------------------------

### Get Dictionary Values

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/dictionaries

Retrieves a list of all values contained within a dictionary using the values() method.

```python
myDictionary = {"name":"John Smith", "id":12345}
print myDictionary.values()
```

--------------------------------

### General SUDS Workflow Pseudocode

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/web-services-suds-and-rest/suds-library-overview

This pseudocode outlines the general workflow for using the SUDS library: import the Client, instantiate it with a WSDL URL, and call desired methods via the service instance.

```pseudocode
#Import the SUDS Client object
from suds.client import Client

#Instantiate a new Client Object
client = Client("url_to_your_wsdl")

#Call the desired method using the service instance variable
client.service.MyMethod(myArgument)
```

--------------------------------

### Get Column Type by Index

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Determine the data type of a specific column in a Dataset using its index with `getColumnType()`.

```Python
print cities.getColumnType(3)

```

--------------------------------

### Get Column Index by Name

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Find the numerical index of a column within a Dataset by providing its name to `getColumnIndex()`.

```Python
print cities.getColumnIndex("Timezone")

```

--------------------------------

### Log to Gateway System Logs in Perspective Session (Gateway Scope)

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/script-logging-print-statement-output

Using `system.perspective.print` with a 'gateway' scope in a Perspective session directs the output to the Gateway system logs.

```python
system.perspective.print(scope='gateway', msg="This logs to the Gateway system logs.")
```

--------------------------------

### Get Current Datetime with Python datetime Library

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/dates

Retrieves the current date and time using the datetime class.

```python
import datetime  
   
# Returns the current datetime.  
print datetime.datetime.now()  
```

```python
# Imports the class named 'datetime' from the 'datetime' library, so we don't have to state it twice.  
from datetime import datetime  
   
# Returns the current datetime.  
print datetime.now()  
```

--------------------------------

### Import Python Libraries

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/libraries

Demonstrates importing entire libraries or specific functions to expand script functionality.

```python
# This pseudo code will import a library, and then call a function of that library.  
import myLibrary  
   
myLibrary.specialFunction()  

```

```python
# This pseudo code will import a function from a library, and then call that function.  
from myLibrary import specialFunction  
   
specialFunction()  

```

--------------------------------

### Define a JSON array of objects

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/json-format

An example of a JSON array containing multiple objects, useful for structured lists of data.

```json
{
   "companies":[
      {
         "companyName":"Inductive Automation",
         "cityName":"Folsom",
         "stateName":"CA"
      },
      {
         "companyName":"Hewlett Packard",
         "cityName":"Palo Alto",
         "stateName":"CA"
      },
      {
         "companyName":"Apple",
         "cityName":"Cupertino",
         "stateName":"CA"
      }
   ]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Creating and Manipulating Tuples

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/lists-and-tuples

Demonstrates tuple initialization, nesting, concatenation, and slicing operations.

```python
# Tuples are very simple to create.  
myTuple = (1, 2, 3)  
   
print myTuple # Will print out: (1, 2, 3)  
   
# Empty tuples can also be created, to have items added to them later.  
myTuple = ()  
   
# Like lists, tuples are not confined to hold values of a single data type either.  
myTuple = (1, "two", 3.3)  
   
# Tuples can even hold other tuples!  
myTuple = (1, ("two", 3.3), 4, 'five', (6, (7.7, 'eight'), 9))  
   
a = (1, 2, 3)  
b = (4, 5, 6)  
   
# Combine two tuples to make a new tuple  
print a + b # Will print out: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)  
   
myTuple = ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g')  
   
print myTuple[2:5] # Will print out: ('c', 'd', 'e')
```

--------------------------------

### Execute For Loops

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting

Demonstrates iterating over a collection using a for loop.

```python
for item in myList:  
    print item  
```

--------------------------------

### Create a Dataset in Python

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Use `system.dataset.toDataSet` to create a Dataset object from a list of headers and a list of data rows. Ensure each data row list matches the header list length.

```Python
# First create a list that contains the headers, in this case there are 4 headers.  
headers = ["City", "Population", "Timezone", "GMTOffset"]  
   
# Then create an empty list, this will house our data.  
data = []  
   
# Then add each row to the list. Note that each row is also a list object.  
data.append(["New York", 8363710, "EST", -5])  
data.append(["Los Angeles", 3833995, "PST", -8])  
data.append(["Chicago", 2853114, "CST", -6])  
data.append(["Houston", 2242193, "CST", -6])  
data.append(["Phoenix", 1567924, "MST", -7])  
   
# Finally, both the headers and data lists are used in the function to create a Dataset object  
cities = system.dataset.toDataSet(headers, data)  

```

--------------------------------

### Declare and Assign Variables in Python

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects

Demonstrates basic variable assignment and arithmetic operations. Spaces around the assignment operator are optional.

```python
x=5  
y=3  
print x*y  
```

```python
x = 5  
y = 3  
print x * y  
```

--------------------------------

### Python type() Function Example

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/built-in-functions

Use type() to determine the data type of a variable. This is useful for debugging or conditional logic based on type.

```python
var = 10  
print type(var)  
print type(str(var))
```

--------------------------------

### Get Column Data as List

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Retrieve all values from a specific column in a Dataset as a Python list using `getColumnAsList`. Specify the column index.

```Python
print cities.getColumnAsList(0)

```

--------------------------------

### Populate and Add Contact via Web Service

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/web-services-suds-and-rest/suds-library-overview

Create instances of complex types like 'Phone' and 'Name', populate their fields, assign them to a 'Contact' object, and then invoke the web service method 'addContact'.

```python
contact = client.factory.create('Contact')

phone= client.factory.create('Phone')
phone.areacode = '916'
phone.number = '5557777'

name = client.factory.create('Name')
name.first = 'John'
name.last = 'Doe'

contact.name = name
contact.phone = phone
contact.age = 30

client.service.addContact(contact)
```

--------------------------------

### Iterate Through Dictionary Keys

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/dictionaries

Illustrates how to use the keys() function to get a list of keys from a dictionary and iterate through them to access both keys and their corresponding values.

```python
# The keys() function provides us with a list of keys, which we can iterate through and print out in addition to using in the value lookup.  
for key in myDict.keys():  
   print key, myDict[key]
```

--------------------------------

### Implement If Statements

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting

Illustrates the basic syntax for conditional execution using an if statement.

```python
if condition == True:  
    print value1  
```

--------------------------------

### Python While-Loop Iterating Over a List

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/conditions-and-loops

An example of a while loop that iterates through a list using an index and the len() function to determine the loop's termination condition.

```python
listOfFruit = ['Apples', 'Oranges', 'Bananas']  
x = 0  
while x < len(listOfFruit):  
   print listOfFruit[x]  
   x = x + 1

```

--------------------------------

### Perform Arithmetic with Variables

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting

Demonstrates dynamic variable assignment and basic multiplication in Python.

```python
x=5  
y=3  
print x*y  
```

--------------------------------

### Python type() for String Validation

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/built-in-functions

This example demonstrates validating a variable's type against the string type using the type() function for conditional execution.

```python
# This example attempts to validate the type of a variable. As written, this will evaluate as True, and thus the print statement would execute.  
var = "My String"  
if type(var) == type(""):  
    print "Variable 'var' is a string"  
```

--------------------------------

### Log to Wrapper Log in Perspective Designer

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/script-logging-print-statement-output

In Perspective scripting within the Designer, a bare `print` statement will log to the `wrapper.log` files.

```python
print "This logs to the wrapper.log."
```

--------------------------------

### Log to Output Console in Perspective Designer

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/script-logging-print-statement-output

For Perspective scripting in the Designer, `system.perspective.print` is recommended to log to the Designer's Output Console.

```python
system.perspective.print("This logs to the Designer's Output Console.")
```

--------------------------------

### Truncate Numbers with math.floor()

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/built-in-functions

Use `math.floor()` to get the largest integer less than or equal to a given number. Remember to import the `math` module before use.

```Python
import math
var = 100.938  
print math.floor(var)
```

--------------------------------

### Log to Gateway and Wrapper Logs in Perspective Designer

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/script-logging-print-statement-output

When scripting in Perspective within the Designer, `system.util.getLogger` logs to both the Gateway system logs and the `wrapper.log` files.

```python
system.util.getLogger("MyLogger").info("This logs to Gateway system logs and wrapper.log.")
```

--------------------------------

### Python isinstance() for String Validation

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/built-in-functions

This example shows how to use the isinstance() function to check if a variable is of string type, offering a more direct approach than type() comparison.

```python
# The isinstance() function can offer the same functionality as above.  
var = "My String"  
if isinstance(var, str): # Note the lack of quotation marks around the classinfo parameter. We want to reference the class str, not the string "str".  
    print "Variable 'var' is a string"  
```

--------------------------------

### Python - Using print to Troubleshoot

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/basic-python-troubleshooting

Use print statements to verify code behavior during script execution. Remember to remove or comment out these statements once troubleshooting is complete to avoid cluttering the console.

```Python
myVar = system.tag.read("folder/tag")  
   
```

--------------------------------

### Read Tags with Scope Considerations

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-examples/reading-and-writing-to-tags

Demonstrates reading tags with and without explicit Tag Providers. Specifying the provider is required for Shared scope scripts.

```python
# Reading a Tag without the Tag Provider. You would not want to use this from the Shared scope.  
system.tag.readBlocking(["My/Tag/Path"])  
   
# Reading from the same Tag, but specifying the Tag Provider. This format may be used safely in either scope.  
system.tag.readBlocking(["[default]My/Tag/Path"])
```

--------------------------------

### Python isinstance() Function Example

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/built-in-functions

Use isinstance() to check if an object is an instance or subclass of a specified class. 'basestring' can be used to check for both string and unicode types.

```python
var = 10  
print isinstance(var,int)strVar = "string"  
print isinstance(strVar,basestring)
```

--------------------------------

### Perform Addition and Subtraction with Numeric Types

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/numeric-types

Demonstrates how Python handles type promotion when adding or subtracting integers and floats.

```python
 4 + 5 # int + int = int   
 4.0 + 5 # float + int = float   
 4.0 + 5.3 # float + float = float
```

--------------------------------

### Get Value by Row Index and Column Name

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Retrieve a specific value from a Dataset by providing the row index and the column name to `getValueAt(rowIndex, colName)`.

```Python
print cities.getValueAt(2, "Population")

```

--------------------------------

### Get Value by Row and Column Index

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/datasets

Access a specific value within a Dataset using both the row and column numerical indexes with `getValueAt(rowIndex, colIndex)`.

```Python
print cities.getValueAt(1, 2)

```

--------------------------------

### Define a Project Library Script

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/project-library

Create a function within a script module named myFuncs.

```python
def hello():  
    return "Hi there!"  
```

--------------------------------

### Define a Function with Google-style Docstrings

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition

Shows the required docstring format for enabling parameter completion and documentation hints in the Ignition script editor.

```python
def setMode(mode):  
    """Changes the mode of the running system  
    
    Args:  
        mode: An integer representing the mode to switch to.  
    
    Returns:  
        A boolean that indicates if the attempt at switching to the given mode was successful.  
    
    Raises:  
        Error: If communications are down, an exception will be thrown.  
    """  
    # Function code goes here  
```

--------------------------------

### Print Hello World in Python

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/getting-started-with-scripting

A simple print statement used for troubleshooting or testing scripts within the component scripting environment.

```python
print "Hello World!"  
```

--------------------------------

### Create Specific Datetime Instances

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/dates

Instantiates a datetime object by passing specific year, month, day, and time components.

```python
from datetime import datetime  
   
# Prints out the following datetime: 2018-01-02 03:04:05.000006  
print datetime(2018,1,2,3,4,5,6)  
```

--------------------------------

### Define a Gateway Scripting Project Function

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/project-library

Create a function in a library called myFuncs within the designated Gateway Scripting Project.

```python
def thankYou(user):  
system.gui.messageBox("Thanks for noticing me, " + user)
```

--------------------------------

### Python For-Loop Using Range()

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/conditions-and-loops

Demonstrates using the range() function within a for loop to repeat a task a specific number of times. The loop variable's value is not used in this example.

```python
# Even though this example isn't using the value of "x",  
# the print statement will still be executed once for each item  
# in the list returned by range().  
for x in range(4):  
   print "this will print 4 times"

```

--------------------------------

### Pseudocode Example: Missing Code

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/basic-python-troubleshooting/troubleshooting-nothing-happened

This pseudocode illustrates a scenario where a critical line for modifying a variable is missing or commented out, preventing a condition from ever being met. Test such logic in the Script Console.

```pseudocode
myVar = 0  
   
def doSomething():  
    print "Doing work!"  
   
# We're not modifying the value of myVar directly after it is initialized,  
# so the current implementation of this code means the expression in our if-statement will never return True.  
# Perhaps doSomething() returns a value that needs to be assigned to myVar.  
if myVar == 10:  
    doMoreStuff()  

```

--------------------------------

### Define and Pass Functions as Arguments

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/user-defined-functions

Demonstrates defining a filter function and passing it as an argument to another function to process a list.

```python
# We define a function that checks if the value passed in is even.  
def isEven(num):  
    return num % 2 == 0  
   
# We define a function that inserts our list into the appropriate function and returns valid values.  
def extract(filterFunction, list):  
    newList = []  
    for entry in list:  
        if filterFunction(entry):  
            newList.append(entry)  
    return newList  
   
# Prints out [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]  
# Notice that isEven as not invoked, but passed to the filter function.  
print extract(isEven, range(10))
```

--------------------------------

### Create Dates with Java Calendar

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects/dates

Uses the java.util.Calendar class to instantiate a specific date. Note that months are zero-indexed, where January is 0.

```python
from java.util import Calendar  
cal = Calendar.getInstance()  
   
# set year, month, day, hour, minute, second in one call  
# This sets it to Feb 25th, 1:05:00 PM, 2010  
cal.set(2010, 1, 25, 13, 5, 0)  
myDate = cal.getTime()  
```

--------------------------------

### Show the Current Datetime

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/variables-datatypes-and-objects

Retrieves the current system time and prints it using formatted output.

```python
currentTime = system.date.now()  
   
print "The current time is: %s" % currentTime  
```

--------------------------------

### Pseudocode Example: Skipped Code Due to Incorrect Condition

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/basic-python-troubleshooting/troubleshooting-nothing-happened

This pseudocode demonstrates how an incorrect operator in an if-statement (e.g., using '==' when '!=' was intended) can cause the code block to be skipped. Verify operators and indentation for correct script flow.

```pseudocode
myVar = 0  
   
if myVar == 10:  
    print "Hello, the value of myVar matches the condition in the if-statement"  

```

--------------------------------

### Log to Client Console in Client Session

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/script-logging-print-statement-output

From a Client session, `print` statements are displayed in the Console tab of the Help > Diagnostics popup window.

```python
print "This logs to the Client's Help > Diagnostics Console."
```

--------------------------------

### Extract Employee Details from XML String (Jython)

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-examples/parsing-xml-with-the-etree-library

Iterate through an XML structure containing employee data to extract specific details like ID, name, and department. This example demonstrates accessing elements and attributes from a parsed XML string.

```Jython
from javax.xml.parsers import DocumentBuilderFactory  
from java.io import ByteArrayInputStream  
  
# Define your XML string  
xmlString = """  
<employees>  
  <employee id="1">  
      <name>John Doe</name>  
      <department>Engineering</department>  
  </employee>  
  <employee id="2">  
      <name>Jane Smith</name>  
      <department>Marketing</department>  
  </employee>  
</employees>  
"""  # Replace with your actual XML string  
  
# Create a DOM document builder  
builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance()  
builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder()  
  
# Parse the XML string  
document = builder.parse(ByteArrayInputStream(xmlString.encode()))  
  
# Access the root element  
root = document.getDocumentElement()  
  
```

--------------------------------

### Parse XML Stream with StAX Parser in Python

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-examples/parsing-xml-with-the-etree-library

This Python script uses the StAX parser to read an XML string sequentially. It initializes an XMLInputFactory and XMLStreamReader, then iterates through the stream, processing START_ELEMENT, END_ELEMENT, and CHARACTERS events. Attributes are also extracted when elements start.

```Python
from javax.xml.stream import XMLInputFactory, XMLStreamReader
from java.io import ByteArrayInputStream

# Create an XML input factory
inputFactory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance()

# Create an XML stream reader
streamReader = inputFactory.createXMLStreamReader(ByteArrayInputStream(xmlString.encode()))

# Iterate through the XML stream
while streamReader.hasNext():
    event = streamReader.next()
    if event == XMLStreamReader.START_ELEMENT:
        print("Start Element:", streamReader.getLocalName())
        # Print attributes, if any
        for i in range(streamReader.getAttributeCount()):
            print("Attribute:", streamReader.getAttributeLocalName(i), "=", streamReader.getAttributeValue(i))
    elif event == XMLStreamReader.END_ELEMENT:
        print("End Element:", streamReader.getLocalName())
    elif event == XMLStreamReader.CHARACTERS:
        print("Character Data:", streamReader.getText())
```

--------------------------------

### Read XML from File using DOM Parser (Jython)

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-examples/parsing-xml-with-the-etree-library

Use this snippet to parse an XML file by its path. Ensure the XML file is located in the script's working directory. Requires `javax.xml.parsers` and `java.io` imports.

```Jython
from javax.xml.parsers import DocumentBuilderFactory  
from java.io import File  
  
# Define your XML file path  
xmlFilePath = "file.xml"  # Replace with your actual XML file path  
  
# Create a DOM document builder  
builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance()  
builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder()  
  
# Parse the XML file  
file = File(xmlFilePath)  
document = builder.parse(file)  
  
# Access the root element  
root = document.getDocumentElement()  

```

--------------------------------

### Python Pseudocode for For Loop

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/conditions-and-loops

Outlines the syntax for a Python for loop, highlighting the use of the 'in' keyword and indentation for the loop body.

```python
# In this example, "item" is a variable created specifically by the "for" loop to act as an iterator.  
# The name "item" is not a keyword, and a different variable name may be used.  
# Additionally, note that "for" and "in" are lowercase, and a colon is present at the end of the line.  
for item in sequence:  
    # All statements that should execute each iteration must be indented after the "for" statement  
    statement  

```

--------------------------------

### Define Python Function with Default Arguments

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/python-scripting/user-defined-functions

Define a Python function 'cap' that accepts an argument 'x' and optional 'min' and 'max' arguments with default values. This function caps 'x' within the specified bounds. Examples show calling the function with and without providing 'min' and 'max'.

```Python
# We first define our function. Notice that we have 3 different arguments.  
# x, min, and max. The min and the max are set to equal 0 and 100 respectively.  
def cap(x, min=0, max=100):  
   
    # Check if x is less than the min, return the min if true.  
    if x < min:  
        return min  
   
    # Check if x is greater than the max, return the max if true.  
    elif x > max:  
        return max  
   
    # Return the value if it is within the bounds.  
    else:  
        return x  
   
# We can then see the outcome by running our function with a few different parameters.  
# This will print out a 40, since it is within the bounds.  
print cap(40)  
   
# This will print out "0", since it is less than the min of 0.  
print cap(-1)  
   
# This will print out "100", since it is greater than the max of 100.  
print cap(150)  
   
# This will print out "150", because it uses a max of 200 instead of the default 100.  
print cap(150, 0, 200)  

```

--------------------------------

### Log to Browser Console in Perspective Session (Client Scope)

Source: https://www.docs.inductiveautomation.com/docs/8.1/platform/scripting/scripting-in-ignition/script-logging-print-statement-output

When `system.perspective.print` is used with a 'client' scope in a Perspective session, the output is logged in the browser's developer console.

```python
system.perspective.print(scope='client', msg="This logs to the browser console.")
```