### Install Platform Tools

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Install and add platform-tools to the system PATH.

```bash
sdkmanager platform-tools
```

```bash
export PATH="$HOME/android/sdk/platform-tools:$PATH"
```

--------------------------------

### Install NDK

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Install and add NDK to the system PATH.

```bash
sdkmanager 'ndk;29.0.14206865'
```

```bash
export PATH="$HOME/android/sdk/ndk/27.2.12479018:$PATH"
```

--------------------------------

### Install Minimal SDK

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Commands to bootstrap a minimal Android SDK installation at ~/android/sdk.

```bash
mkdir -p ~/android/sdk/bootstrap
cd ~/android/sdk/bootstrap
curl -O https://dl.google.com/android/repository/commandlinetools-linux-11076708_latest.zip
echo '2d2d50857e4eb553af5a6dc3ad507a17adf43d115264b1afc116f95c92e5e258  commandlinetools-linux-11076708_latest.zip' | sha256sum -c
unzip commandlinetools-linux-11076708_latest.zip
cmdline-tools/bin/sdkmanager 'cmdline-tools;latest' --sdk_root=$HOME/android/sdk
cd ..
rm -r bootstrap
```

--------------------------------

### Install Build Tools

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Install and add build-tools to the system PATH.

```bash
sdkmanager 'build-tools;36.0.0'
```

```bash
export PATH="$HOME/android/sdk/build-tools/36.0.0:$PATH"
```

--------------------------------

### Install Android Studio

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Installs Android Studio and ensures it's detected via the ANDROID_HOME environment variable. This method avoids installing a separate copy of the SDK.

```shell
cd ~/
android
curl -O https://dl.google.com/dl/android/studio/ide-zips/2025.3.2.6/android-studio-panda2-linux.tar.gz
echo '32942d8cd7688192cf3cd07bf282fb120035b9bd9b56e6f13c5540e6d39807e9 android-studio-panda2-linux.tar.gz' | sha256sum -c
tar xvf android-studio-panda2-linux.tar.gz
rm android-studio-panda2-linux.tar.gz
mv android-studio studio
```

--------------------------------

### Check Fastboot Version Output Example

Source: https://grapheneos.org/install/cli

Example output of 'fastboot --version' after successfully setting up standalone platform-tools. Verifies the tool is accessible and reports its version.

```text
fastboot version 35.0.2-12147458
Installed as /home/username/platform-tools/fastboot
```

--------------------------------

### Download and Verify Platform-Tools on Debian/Ubuntu

Source: https://grapheneos.org/install/cli

Installs necessary tools, downloads the standalone platform-tools, verifies its integrity using SHA256, and extracts it. Ensure you have libarchive-tools installed.

```bash
sudo apt install libarchive-tools
curl -O https://dl.google.com/android/repository/platform-tools_r35.0.2-linux.zip
echo 'acfdcccb123a8718c46c46c059b2f621140194e5ec1ac9d81715be3d6ab6cd0a  platform-tools_r35.0.2-linux.zip' | sha256sum -c
bsdtar xvf platform-tools_r35.0.2-linux.zip
```

--------------------------------

### Install OpenSSH

Source: https://grapheneos.org/install/cli

Commands to install the OpenSSH client on various Linux distributions.

```bash
sudo pacman -S openssh
```

```bash
sudo apt install openssh-client
```

--------------------------------

### Flash Factory Images

Source: https://grapheneos.org/install/cli

Execute the flashing script to install the OS and firmware.

```linux/macos
bash flash-all.sh
```

```windows
./flash-all.bat
```

--------------------------------

### Install Android Tools on Arch Linux

Source: https://grapheneos.org/install/cli

On Arch Linux, install the 'android-tools' package which includes fastboot. This is an alternative to using the standalone platform-tools.

```bash
sudo pacman -S android-tools
```

--------------------------------

### Set Up Build Environment

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Initializes the build environment variables. Must be run in bash or zsh.

```bash
source build/envsetup.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Install Build Dependencies on Debian

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Installs essential packages required for building GrapheneOS on Debian systems.

```bash
apt install repo yarnpkg zip rsync
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize GrapheneOS Source Tree

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Creates a directory for the source and initializes the repository with a specific tag.

```bash
mkdir grapheneos-TAG_NAME
cd grapheneos-TAG_NAME
repo init -u https://github.com/GrapheneOS/platform_manifest.git -b refs/tags/TAG_NAME
```

--------------------------------

### Install Adevtool Dependencies

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Installs required dependencies for the vendor extraction tool. Use yarnpkg on Debian systems.

```bash
yarn --cwd vendor/adevtool/ install
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize GrapheneOS Repository

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Initializes the GrapheneOS build environment by cloning the platform manifest for the `16-qpr2` development branch.

```bash
mkdir grapheneos-16-qpr2
cd grapheneos-16-qpr2
repo init -u https://github.com/GrapheneOS/platform_manifest.git -b 16-qpr2
```

--------------------------------

### Build Components

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Compiles the WebView, browser, and configuration APKs using autoninja.

```bash
chrt -b 0 autoninja -C out/Default/ trichrome_webview_64_32_apk trichrome_chrome_64_32_apk trichrome_library_64_32_apk vanadium_config_apk
```

--------------------------------

### Install udev Rules on Arch Linux

Source: https://grapheneos.org/install/cli

Installs the 'android-udev' package on Arch Linux to allow non-root access to USB devices, which is necessary for fastboot operations.

```bash
sudo pacman -S android-udev
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Build Arguments

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Opens the GN configuration editor to set build parameters.

```bash
gn args out/Default
```

--------------------------------

### Sync kernel sources

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Initialize and sync the kernel source repository for the emulator.

```bash
mkdir -p android/kernel/6.12
cd android/kernel/6.12
repo init -u https://github.com/GrapheneOS/kernel_manifest-6.12.git -b 16-qpr2
repo sync -j8
```

--------------------------------

### Install udev Rules on Debian/Ubuntu

Source: https://grapheneos.org/install/cli

Installs the 'android-sdk-platform-tools-common' package on Debian and Ubuntu. Although the udev rules may be outdated, they contain the necessary configurations for Pixel devices.

```bash
sudo apt install android-sdk-platform-tools-common
```

--------------------------------

### Update SDK

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Command to update the installed SDK components.

```bash
sdkmanager --update
```

--------------------------------

### Sync Submodules and Dependencies

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Downloads necessary build dependencies and submodules.

```bash
gclient sync -D --with_branch_heads --with_tags --jobs 32
```

--------------------------------

### Build target files package

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Initiates the build process for a target files package.

```bash
m target-files-package
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Temporary Directory for Flashing

Source: https://grapheneos.org/install/cli

Use a custom temporary directory if the default /tmp partition lacks sufficient space.

```shell
mkdir tmp && TMPDIR="$PWD/tmp" ./flash-all.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Run CTS Tradefed Harness

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Launch the CTS tradefed tool to begin the test harness environment.

```bash
./android-cts/tools/cts-tradefed
```

--------------------------------

### Configure SDK Environment Variables

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Set ANDROID_HOME and update PATH for the SDK tools.

```bash
export ANDROID_HOME="$HOME/android/sdk"
export PATH="$HOME/android/sdk/cmdline-tools/latest/bin:$PATH"
```

--------------------------------

### Navigate to Directory

Source: https://grapheneos.org/install/cli

Change the current working directory to the extracted factory image folder.

```shell
cd DEVICE_NAME-install-VERSION
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Signing Key

Source: https://grapheneos.org/build

Creates a PKCS12 keystore for signing Vanadium releases.

```bash
keytool -genkey -v -keystore vanadium.keystore -storetype pkcs12 -alias vanadium -keyalg RSA -keysize 4096 -sigalg SHA512withRSA -validity 10000 -dname "cn=GrapheneOS"
```