pyODK

https://getodk.github.io/pyodk
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An API client for the ODK Central API, designed to simplify common data analysis and workflow...
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### Mail Merge Script Overview and Setup

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/mail_merge/mail_merge

Provides a high-level description of the mail merge script, its purpose, dependencies, and execution instructions. It guides users on setting up requirements and running the script.

```python
"""
Mail Merge

This script will use mail merge to create personalized Word documents with
data from Central. In this example, only data from approved submissions
are included.

For a tutorial on how to populate Word templates with Python, see:
https://pbpython.com/python-word-template.html

For more examples, see:
https://github.com/iulica/docx-mailmerge/tree/master/tests

Install requirements for this script in `requirements.txt`. The specified
versions are those that were current when the script was last updated,
though it should work with more recent versions.
Install with `pip install -r requirements.txt`.

To run the script, use `python mail_merge.py`.
"""
```

--------------------------------

### Install pyodk from source

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

Installs pyodk from its source repository. This involves cloning the repository, setting up a virtual environment, and installing the package in editable mode.

```shell
# Get a copy of the repository.
mkdir -P ~/repos/pyodk
cd ~/repos/pyodk
git clone https://github.com/getodk/pyodk.git repo

# Create and activate a virtual environment for the install.
python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate

# Install pyodk and its production dependencies.
cd ~/repos/pyodk/repo
pip install -e .

# Leave the virtualenv.
deactivate
```

--------------------------------

### PyODK Configuration File Example

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

An example of the `.pyodk_config.toml` file used for configuring pyodk, particularly for end-to-end testing. It stores user credentials and project IDs.

```toml
# Example .pyodk_config.toml
# [default]
# username = "your_username"
# password = "your_password"
# url = "https://your_central_instance.com"
# project_id = "your_project_id"
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and List Projects

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/projects

Demonstrates how to initialize the pyODK client and fetch a list of all projects. This is a common starting point for interacting with project data.

```python
from pyodk.client import Client

client = Client()
projects = client.projects.list()

```

--------------------------------

### Install pyodk via pip

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

Installs the pyODK library and its dependencies using pip. This is the recommended method for most users.

```shell
pip install pyodk
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Python Hello World Example

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/2022-10-pyodk-webinar

A fundamental Python example demonstrating the 'print' function. This snippet is often used as a first step in learning a new programming language or environment like Jupyter Lab.

```Python
print("Hello, world!")

```

--------------------------------

### pyODK Client Examples

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

Provides a collection of common pyODK operations, including listing projects and forms, retrieving submissions, downloading form data, and updating forms with attachments.

```python
from pyodk.client import Client

client = Client()
projects = client.projects.list()
forms = client.forms.list()
submissions = client.submissions.list(form_id=next(forms).xmlFormId)
form_data = client.submissions.get_table(form_id="birds", project_id=8)
comments = client.submissions.list_comments(form_id=next(forms).xmlFormId, instance_id="uuid:...")
client.forms.update(
  form_id="my_xlsform",
  definition="my_xlsform.xlsx",
  attachments=["fruits.csv", "vegetables.png"],
)
client.close()
```

--------------------------------

### App User Provisioner Script Overview

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

This section provides a high-level description of the App User Provisioner script. It explains the script's purpose: to create ODK Central App Users from a list of usernames in a CSV file. It also outlines the expected input file (`users.csv`), the generated outputs (PNGs for each user, a `users.pdf` compilation), and installation instructions using `pip install -r requirements.txt`.

```python
"""
App User Provisioner

Put a series of user names (one on each line) in a file named `users.csv` in the same
directory as this script. The script will create App Users for each user, using the
project, forms, and other configurations set below. The outputs are one PNG for each
provisioned App User, and a `users.pdf` file with all the App User PNGs in the folder.

Install requirements for this script in `requirements.txt`. The specified versions are
those that were current when the script was last updated, though it should work with
more recent versions. Install these with `pip install -r requirements.txt`.

To run the script, use `python app_user_provisioner.py`.
"""

```

--------------------------------

### Install Development Dependencies

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

Installs the pyodk library in editable mode, including development-specific dependencies required for testing and building.

```shell
pip install -e .[dev]
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Client and List Forms (Python)

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/forms

Demonstrates how to initialize the pyODK client and use the forms service to list all available forms. This is a common starting point for interacting with form data.

```python
from pyodk.client import Client

client = Client()
forms = client.forms.list()

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize pyODK Client and List Entities

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/entities

Demonstrates how to initialize the pyODK client and retrieve a list of entities. This is a common starting point for interacting with the Entities API.

```python
from pyodk.client import Client

client = Client()
data = client.entities.list()
```

--------------------------------

### Python GET Request for Form Version XLSForm

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/beyond-library-methods

Shows a Python example of making a GET request using the pyodk client to fetch an XLSForm for a specific form version. It includes filling in actual project and form IDs and accessing the response content.

```Python
response = client.get("/projects/7/forms/favorite_color/versions/2012060405.xlsx")
response.content[:150]
```

--------------------------------

### Get Project Information using Raw HTTP Request

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/beyond-library-methods

Illustrates fetching project details via a raw HTTP GET request using the pyODK client's `get` method. This approach returns a standard `requests.Response` object, allowing access to the JSON payload.

```python
response = client.get("projects/7")
response.json()
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and List Entity Lists - pyODK

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/entity_lists

Demonstrates how to initialize the pyODK client and retrieve a list of all Entity Lists within a project. This is a common starting point for interacting with Entity List data.

```Python
from pyodk.client import Client

client = Client()
data = client.entity_lists.list()
```

--------------------------------

### Python Imports and Configuration for Mail Merge

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/mail_merge/mail_merge

Imports necessary libraries like `os`, `datetime`, `MailMerge`, and `pyodk.client`. Defines configuration variables for project ID, form ID, template document, and output folder.

```python
import os
from datetime import datetime

from mailmerge import MailMerge
from pyodk.client import Client

# customize these settings to your environment
PROJECT_ID = 1
FORM_ID = "my_form"
TEMPLATE_DOCUMENT = "template.docx"
OUTPUT_FOLDER = "merged"
```

--------------------------------

### Get Project Information using Library Method

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/beyond-library-methods

Shows how to retrieve project details using pyODK's high-level library methods. The result is a typed Project object with fields like 'id', 'name', and 'updatedAt'.

```python
client.projects.get()
```

--------------------------------

### Configure pyODK Connection

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/basic-analysis-pandas

Example TOML configuration file for pyODK. This file, typically named `.pyodk_config.toml` and placed in the home directory, stores connection details for ODK Central, such as the base URL, username, password, and default project ID, to avoid hardcoding credentials in scripts.

```toml
[central]
base_url = "https://www.example.com"
username = "my_user"
password = "my_password"
default_project_id = 123

```

--------------------------------

### Retrieve Form Version XLSForm via API

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/beyond-library-methods

Demonstrates how to construct a GET request URL based on API documentation to retrieve a specific form version's XLSForm. It highlights the use of placeholder parameters like projectId, xmlFormId, and version.

```APIDOC
GET /projects/{projectId}/forms/{xmlFormId}/versions/{version}.xlsx
```

--------------------------------

### PyODK Mail Merge Document Generation Logic

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/mail_merge/mail_merge

Connects to the pyODK client, fetches submissions for a specified form, filters for approved ones, and uses mailmerge to create personalized Word documents based on a template. It extracts location data and submission details to populate the document.

```python
with Client(project_id=PROJECT_ID) as client:
    submissions = client.submissions.get_table(form_id=FORM_ID)
    for submission in submissions["value"]:
        # only include approved submissions
        if submission["__system"]["reviewState"] == "approved":
            with MailMerge(TEMPLATE_DOCUMENT) as document:
                coordinates = submission["age_location"]["location"]["coordinates"]
                location = f"{coordinates[1]}, {coordinates[0]}"
                generation_date = datetime.now().strftime("%m-%d-%Y %H:%M:%S.%f")
                document.merge(
                    first_name=submission["first_name"],
                    age=submission["age_location"]["age"],
                    location=location,
                    instance_id=submission["meta"]["instanceID"],
                    submission_date=submission["__system"]["submissionDate"],
                    generation_date=generation_date,
                )
                # warning: choose variables with unique values to prevent overwritten files
                output_path = os.path.join(
                    OUTPUT_FOLDER, f"{submission['first_name']}.docx"
                )
                document.write(output_path)
```

--------------------------------

### pyodk Submissions API: Create, Edit, Get

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/submissions

Provides methods to interact with ODK Central submissions. Supports creating new submissions with optional attachments, editing existing submissions with comments, and retrieving submission metadata. Parameters like `form_id`, `project_id`, and `device_id` help contextualize submissions within a project and device.

```APIDOC
SubmissionService:
  create(xml, form_id=None, project_id=None, device_id=None, encoding='utf-8', attachments=None)
    Description: Creates a new submission.
    Parameters:
      xml (str): The submission XML content.
      form_id (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced.
      project_id (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to.
      device_id (str | None): An optional deviceID associated with the submission.
      encoding (str): The encoding of the submission XML (default: 'utf-8').
      attachments (Iterable[PathLike | str] | None): File paths of attachments to upload. File names in XML must match attachment file names.
    Example XML Structure:
      <data id="my_form" version="v1">
        <meta>
          <instanceID>uuid:85cb9aff-005e-4edd-9739-dc9c1a829c44</instanceID>
        </meta>
        <name>Alice</name>
        <age>36</age>
        <selfie>profile.jpg</selfie>
      </data>

  edit(instance_id, xml, form_id=None, project_id=None, comment=None, encoding='utf-8')
    Description: Edits an existing submission and optionally adds a comment.
    Parameters:
      instance_id (str): The instanceId of the Submission being referenced. This ID represents the submission as a whole, not necessarily the instanceID within the XML.
      xml (str): The updated submission XML content.
      form_id (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced.
      project_id (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to.
      comment (str | None): Text for the comment to be added to the submission.
      encoding (str): The encoding of the submission XML (default: 'utf-8').
    Example Edited XML Structure:
      <data id="my_form" version="v1">
        <meta>
          <deprecatedID>uuid:85cb9aff-005e-4edd-9739-dc9c1a829c44</deprecatedID>
          <instanceID>uuid:315c2f74-c8fc-4606-ae3f-22f8983e441e</instanceID>
        </meta>
        <name>Alice</name>
        <age>36</age>
      </data>

  get(instance_id, form_id=None, project_id=None)
    Description: Retrieves metadata for a specific submission.
    Parameters:
      instance_id (str): The instanceId of the Submission being referenced.
      form_id (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced.
      project_id (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to.
    Returns:
      Submission: An object representation of the Submission's metadata.
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize pyODK Client

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

Demonstrates the basic initialization of the pyODK Client. Authentication is handled automatically on the first API call or explicitly via Client.open().

```python
from pyodk.client import Client

client = Client()
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize pyODK Client

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/beyond-library-methods

Demonstrates how to initialize the pyODK client by opening a connection to a configured ODK Central server. It relies on a `.pyodk_config.toml` file for credentials.

```python
from pyodk.client import Client

client = Client().open()
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize pyodk Client with Config and List Projects

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/2022-10-pyodk-webinar

Initializes the pyodk client with specified configuration and cache file paths. This allows for managing multiple client configurations or using specific credentials. It then lists projects accessible via this specific client configuration.

```Python
viewer_client = Client(config_path="config.toml", cache_path="cache.toml")
viewer_client.open()
viewer_client.projects.list()
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize pyodk Client and List Projects

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/2022-10-pyodk-webinar

Initializes the pyodk client using default configuration and opens a connection to the ODK Central backend. It then lists all accessible projects. This method relies on a pre-configured `.pyodk_config.toml` file in the user's home directory.

```Python
from pyodk.client import Client

client = Client()
client.open()
client.projects.list()
```

--------------------------------

### pyODK Submissions API

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/submissions

API reference for the pyODK SubmissionService, enabling operations like getting, creating, updating, and reviewing submissions.

```APIDOC
pyODK SubmissionService API

**Overview**:
The `SubmissionService` within `pyODK` allows interaction with ODK Central submissions. It provides methods to retrieve, create, update, and manage the review state of submissions.

**Example Usage**:
```python
from pyodk.client import Client

client = Client()
data = client.submissions.get_table(form_id="my-form")["value"]
```

**Methods**:

1.  **`get_table(form_id, project_id=None)`**
    *   **Description**: Retrieves submissions for a specific form, potentially filtered by project.
    *   **Parameters**:
        *   `form_id` (str): The xmlFormId of the Form. *required*.
        *   `project_id` (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to. Defaults to `None`.
    *   **Returns**: A dictionary containing submission data, typically under a "value" key.

2.  **`get(instance_id, form_id=None, project_id=None)`**
    *   **Description**: Retrieves a single submission by its instance ID.
    *   **Parameters**:
        *   `instance_id` (str): The instanceId of the Submission being referenced. *required*.
        *   `form_id` (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `project_id` (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to. Defaults to `None`.
    *   **Returns**: A dictionary representing the submission.

3.  **`create(xml, form_id=None, project_id=None, encoding='utf-8')`**
    *   **Description**: Creates a new submission with the provided XML data.
    *   **Parameters**:
        *   `xml` (str): The submission XML. *required*.
        *   `form_id` (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `project_id` (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `encoding` (str): The encoding of the submission XML. Defaults to `'utf-8'`.
    *   **Returns**: A dictionary representing the newly created submission.

4.  **`edit(instance_id, xml, form_id=None, project_id=None, encoding='utf-8')`**
    *   **Description**: Updates an existing submission with new XML data.
    *   **Parameters**:
        *   `instance_id` (str): The instanceId of the Submission being referenced. *required*.
        *   `xml` (str): The submission XML. *required*.
        *   `form_id` (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `project_id` (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `encoding` (str): The encoding of the submission XML. Defaults to `'utf-8'`.
    *   **Returns**: A dictionary representing the updated submission.

5.  **`_patch(instance_id, review_state, form_id=None, project_id=None)`**
    *   **Description**: Updates the review state metadata of a submission.
    *   **Parameters**:
        *   `instance_id` (str): The instanceId of the Submission being referenced. *required*.
        *   `review_state` (str): The current review state of the submission (e.g., 'approved', 'rejected'). *required*.
        *   `form_id` (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `project_id` (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to. Defaults to `None`.
    *   **Returns**: A dictionary representing the updated submission's metadata.

6.  **`_put(instance_id, xml, form_id=None, project_id=None, encoding='utf-8')`**
    *   **Description**: Updates submission data using the provided XML. This is an alias for `edit`.
    *   **Parameters**:
        *   `instance_id` (str): The instanceId of the Submission being referenced. *required*.
        *   `xml` (str): The submission XML. *required*.
        *   `form_id` (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `project_id` (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `encoding` (str): The encoding of the submission XML. Defaults to `'utf-8'`.
    *   **Returns**: A dictionary representing the updated submission.

7.  **`add_comment(instance_id, comment, project_id=None, form_id=None)`**
    *   **Description**: Creates a new comment for a specific submission.
    *   **Parameters**:
        *   `instance_id` (str): The instanceId of the Submission being referenced. *required*.
        *   `comment` (str): The text of the comment. *required*.
        *   `project_id` (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `form_id` (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced. Defaults to `None`.
    *   **Returns**: A `Comment` object representation of the newly-created Comment.

8.  **`list_comments(instance_id, project_id=None, form_id=None)`**
    *   **Description**: Retrieves all comments associated with a specific submission.
    *   **Parameters**:
        *   `instance_id` (str): The instanceId of the Submission being referenced. *required*.
        *   `project_id` (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `form_id` (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced. Defaults to `None`.
    *   **Returns**: A list of comment objects.

9.  **`review(instance_id, review_state, form_id=None, project_id=None)`**
    *   **Description**: Sets the review state for a submission. This is an alias for `_patch`.
    *   **Parameters**:
        *   `instance_id` (str): The instanceId of the Submission being referenced. *required*.
        *   `review_state` (str): The current review state of the submission. *required*.
        *   `form_id` (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced. Defaults to `None`.
        *   `project_id` (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to. Defaults to `None`.
    *   **Returns**: A dictionary representing the updated submission's metadata.

**Related Methods**:
*   `client.forms`: For managing forms.
*   `client.entity_lists`: For managing entity lists.
*   `client.projects`: For managing projects.
```

--------------------------------

### Read and Prepare User List

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

Reads a list of desired users from a CSV file, cleans up whitespace, and prepares it for provisioning. It opens the 'users.csv' file and processes each line.

```python
# Provision the App Users.
with open("users.csv", newline="") as f:
    desired_users = f.readlines()
    desired_users = [user.rstrip() for user in desired_users]
```

--------------------------------

### Python POST Request to Create App User

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/beyond-library-methods

Demonstrates how to create a new App User using a POST request with the pyodk client. It shows how to specify the request path and include a JSON payload with the required 'displayName' attribute.

```Python
r = client.post("/projects/7/app-users", json={"displayName": "Lab Tech"})
r.json()
```

--------------------------------

### External Library Imports for QR and Image Generation

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

This section imports libraries crucial for generating QR codes and manipulating images. `segno` is used for creating QR codes, while `PIL` (Pillow) is used for image processing tasks like drawing text, creating images, and applying image operations. `pyodk.client.Client` is imported for interacting with the ODK Central API.

```python
import segno
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageOps
from pyodk.client import Client

```

--------------------------------

### QR Code Settings Generation Function

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

The `get_settings` function constructs a dictionary containing configuration parameters for ODK Collect, which will be encoded into a QR image. It takes server URL, project name, and username as input. The returned dictionary includes sections for general settings (like server URL, username, form update mode), admin settings (like admin password), and project details (name, color, icon).

```python
def get_settings(server_url: str, project_name: str, username: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Template for the settings to encode in the QR image. Customise as needed."""
    return {
        "general": {
            "form_update_mode": "match_exactly",
            "autosend": "wifi_and_cellular",
            "delete_send": True,
            "server_url": server_url,
            "username": username,
        },
        "admin": {
            "admin_pw": ADMIN_PASSWORD,
            "change_server": False,
            "automatic_update": False,
            "change_autosend": False,
        },
        "project": {"name": project_name, "color": "#ffeb3b", "icon": "💥"},
    }

```

--------------------------------

### Font Availability Check

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

This code block checks if the 'Roboto-Regular.ttf' font file is accessible. This font is required for rendering text within the generated QR code images. If the font is not found, it prints an informative message guiding the user on how to obtain it, including a link to Google Fonts.

```python
# Check that the Roboto font used for the QR images is available (e.g. on Linux / Win).
try:
    ImageFont.truetype("Roboto-Regular.ttf", 24)
except OSError:
    print(
        "Font file 'Roboto-Regular.ttf' not found. This can be downloaded "
        "from Google, or copied from the Examples directory. "
        "Source: https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Roboto/about"
    )

```

--------------------------------

### Core Python Imports

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

This snippet lists essential Python modules imported for the script's functionality. It includes `base64` for encoding data, `glob` for finding files, `json` for handling data structures, `zlib` for compression, and `typing` for type hinting, which improves code readability and maintainability.

```python
import base64
import glob
import json
import zlib
from typing import Any

```

--------------------------------

### Direct HTTP Requests with pyODK Client

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/http-methods

Demonstrates making direct GET and POST requests to the ODK Central API using the pyODK client. These methods are useful for interacting with API endpoints not yet implemented in the pyODK library. They utilize the client's session object, which is a customized requests.Session.

```Python
client.get("projects/8")
client.post("projects/7/app-users", json={"displayName": "Lab Tech"})
```

--------------------------------

### Generate QR Codes for User Settings

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

Iterates through provisioned users, generates unique settings for each, compresses and encodes them, creates QR codes using the 'segno' library, and saves them as PNG files. It also embeds the user's display name below the QR code.

```python
# Generate the QR codes.
for user in provisioned_users:
    collect_settings = get_settings(
        server_url=f"{client.session.base_url}key/{user.token}/projects/{PROJECT_ID}",
        project_name=f"{PROJECT_NAME}: {user.displayName}",
        username=user.displayName,
    )
    qr_data = base64.b64encode(
        zlib.compress(json.dumps(collect_settings).encode("utf-8"))
    )

    code = segno.make(qr_data, micro=False)
    code.save("settings.png", scale=4)

    png = Image.open("settings.png")
    png = png.convert("RGB")
    text_anchor = png.height
    png = ImageOps.expand(png, border=(0, 0, 0, 30), fill=(255, 255, 255))
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(png)
    font = ImageFont.truetype("Roboto-Regular.ttf", 24)
    draw.text((20, text_anchor - 10), user.displayName, font=font, fill=(0, 0, 0))
    png.save(f"settings-{user.displayName}.png", format="PNG")
```

--------------------------------

### Create App User via API

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/beyond-library-methods

Illustrates the API endpoint and method for creating a new App User. It specifies the POST method and the base path, indicating that parameters like projectId are required.

```APIDOC
POST /projects/{projectId}/app-users
```

--------------------------------

### Client Context Manager Usage

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

Shows how to use the pyODK Client as a context manager, which automatically handles authentication and cleanup for session management.

```python
from pyodk.client import Client

with Client() as client:
    print(client.projects.list())
```

--------------------------------

### Concatenate QR Code Images into PDF

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

Collects all generated QR code PNG images (prefixed with 'settings-') from the current directory, sorts them, and then concatenates them into a single multi-page PDF document named 'users.pdf'. Handles cases where no images are found.

```python
# Concatenate the user images into a PDF.
images = [Image.open(f) for f in sorted(glob.glob("./settings-*.png"))]
if 0 < len(images):
    img = iter(images)
    next(img).save(
        "users.pdf", format="PDF", resolution=100, save_all=True, append_images=img
    )
```

--------------------------------

### pyODK Projects API Documentation

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/projects

Comprehensive API documentation for pyODK's project endpoints, covering methods for creating app users, retrieving specific project details, and listing all projects.

```APIDOC
pyodk.client.projects:
  Access project-related functionality via `client.projects`.

  create_app_users(display_names, forms=None, project_id=None)
    - Creates new project app users and optionally assigns forms to them.
    - Parameters:
      - display_names: Iterable[str] - The friendly nicknames of the app users to be created. (required)
      - forms: Iterable[str] | None - The xmlFormIds of the forms to assign the app users to. (default: None)
      - project_id: int | None - The id of the project this form belongs to. (default: None)
    - Returns: Status or confirmation of user creation.

  get(project_id=None)
    - Reads all Project details.
    - Parameters:
      - project_id: int | None - The id of the project to read. (default: None)
    - Returns:
      - Project: An object representation of the Project's metadata.

  list()
    - Reads Project details.
    - Parameters: None
    - Returns:
      - [Project]: A list of object representations of the Projects' metadata.
```

--------------------------------

### Python: Execution Block

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/create_entities_from_submissions/create_entities_from_submissions

This Python code block demonstrates how to execute the entity creation functions. It includes a standard `if __name__ == "__main__":` guard and shows how to call either the `create_one_at_a_time` or `create_with_merge` function.

```python
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # create_one_at_a_time()
    create_with_merge()
```

--------------------------------

### pyODK Client Class

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/client

The pyODK Client class manages connections to ODK Central servers. It handles authentication and provides methods organized by related Central resources. Initialization requires configuration paths, project ID, an optional session object, and the API version.

```APIDOC
class Client:
    """A connection to a specific ODK Central server. Manages authentication and provides
    access to Central functionality through methods organized by the Central resource
    they are most related to."""

    __init__(config_path: str | None = None, cache_path: str | None = None, project_id: int | None = None, session: Session | None = None, api_version: str = 'v1')
        """Initialize the pyODK Client."""
        # Parameters:
        # config_path: Where to read the pyodk_config.toml. Defaults to the path in PYODK_CONFIG_FILE, then the user home directory.
        # cache_path: Where to read/write pyodk_cache.toml. Defaults to the path in PYODK_CACHE_FILE, then the user home directory.
        # project_id: The project ID to use for all client calls. Defaults to the "default_project_id" in pyodk_config.toml, or can be specified per call.
        # session: A prepared pyodk.session.Session class instance, or an instance of a customised subclass.
        # api_version: The ODK Central API version, which is used in the URL path e.g. 'v1' in 'https://www.example.com/v1/projects'. Defaults to 'v1'.

    close(*args)
        """Close the session."""

    open()
        """Enter the session, and authenticate."""

```

--------------------------------

### Customizing pyODK Configuration and Cache Paths

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

Demonstrates how to specify custom file paths for pyODK configuration and session cache. This can be done via environment variables or during client initialization.

```python
# Using environment variables:
# export PYODK_CONFIG_FILE="my_config.toml"
# export PYODK_CACHE_FILE="my_cache.toml"

# Using init arguments:
# from pyodk import Client
# client = Client(config_path="my_config.toml", cache_path="my_cache.toml")
```

--------------------------------

### Fetch ODK Submissions into Pandas DataFrame

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/2022-10-pyodk-webinar

Retrieves submission data from ODK Central using the `get_table` method and processes it into a pandas DataFrame using `json_normalize`. This enables data analysis with pandas. Requires the `pyodk` library and a configured client object.

```Python
import pandas as pd

# Assuming 'client' is an initialized pyodk client object
json_data = client.submissions.get_table(form_id="participants")["value"]
df = pd.json_normalize(json_data, sep="-")
print(df.head(3))
```

--------------------------------

### Project Configuration Constants

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

These constants define the project-specific settings required by the script. Users should customize `PROJECT_ID`, `PROJECT_NAME`, `FORMS_TO_ACCESS`, and `ADMIN_PASSWORD` to match their ODK Central environment and desired configurations. The `ADMIN_PASSWORD` is marked with `# noqa: S105` to suppress a security warning for hardcoded passwords, as this is a common practice in configuration scripts.

```python
# Customise these settings to your environment.
PROJECT_ID = 149
PROJECT_NAME = "My Cool Project"
FORMS_TO_ACCESS = ["all-widgets", "afp-knowledge"]
ADMIN_PASSWORD = "s00p3rs3cr3t"  # noqa: S105

```

--------------------------------

### ODK Central API - Projects Endpoint

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/beyond-library-methods

This section outlines how to interact with the ODK Central API for project-related operations. It covers retrieving project details, which can be done via library methods or direct HTTP requests.

```APIDOC
GET /projects/{id}
  Retrieves details for a specific project.
  Parameters:
    id: The unique identifier of the project.
  Returns:
    A JSON object containing project details, including id, name, description, createdAt, and updatedAt.

GET /projects
  Retrieves a list of all projects accessible to the authenticated user.
  Returns:
    A JSON array of project objects.

Note: pyODK's `client.projects.get()` maps to GET /projects/{id} (using default project ID if none specified), and `client.get("projects/{id}")` allows direct access to this endpoint.
```

--------------------------------

### Script Overview: Create or Update Form

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/create_or_update_form/create_or_update_form

Provides a high-level description of the Python script for creating or updating forms. It outlines the script's purpose, its dual use as a CLI tool or importable module, and its capability to upload attachments.

```python
"""
A script to create or update a form, optionally with attachments.

Either use as a CLI script, or import create_or_update into another module.

If provided, all files in the [attachments_dir] path will be uploaded with the form.
"""
```

--------------------------------

### FormService API Documentation

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/forms

Comprehensive API documentation for the pyODK FormService, detailing methods for managing forms. Includes parameters, return types, and descriptions for each operation.

```APIDOC
FormService:
  # Access forms via client.forms

  create(definition, attachments=None, ignore_warnings=True, form_id=None, project_id=None)
    # Creates a new form.
    # Parameters:
    #   definition (PathLike | str | bytes): Path to the file to upload, or form definition in memory (XML string or XLS/XLSX bytes).
    #   attachments (Iterable[PathLike | str] | None): Paths of form attachment files to upload.
    #   ignore_warnings (bool | None): If True, create the form even if there are XLSForm warnings. Defaults to True.
    #   form_id (str | None): The xmlFormId of the Form being referenced.
    #   project_id (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to.
    # Returns:
    #   Form: An object representation of the Form's metadata.

  get(form_id, project_id=None)
    # Reads details of a specific form.
    # Parameters:
    #   form_id (str): The id of this form as given in its XForms XML definition.
    #   project_id (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to.
    # Returns:
    #   Form: An object representation of the Form's metadata.

  list(project_id=None)
    # Reads details of all forms within a project.
    # Parameters:
    #   project_id (int | None): The id of the project the forms belong to.
    # Returns:
    #   [list[Form]]: A list of object representations of all Forms' metadata.

  update(form_id, definition, attachments=None, ignore_warnings=True, project_id=None)
    # Updates an existing form.
    # Parameters:
    #   form_id (str): The id of the form to update.
    #   definition (PathLike | str | bytes): Path to the file to upload, or form definition in memory (XML string or XLS/XLSX bytes).
    #   attachments (Iterable[PathLike | str] | None): Paths of form attachment files to upload.
    #   ignore_warnings (bool | None): If True, update the form even if there are XLSForm warnings. Defaults to True.
    #   project_id (int | None): The id of the project this form belongs to.
    # Returns:
    #   Form: An object representation of the updated Form's metadata.

```

--------------------------------

### Provision App Users with pyodk

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/app_user_provisioner/app_user_provisioner

Uses the pyodk Client to provision app users. It takes a list of display names, specifies forms to access, and targets a specific project ID. This function returns a list of provisioned user objects.

```python
client = Client()
provisioned_users = client.projects.create_app_users(
    display_names=desired_users, forms=FORMS_TO_ACCESS, project_id=PROJECT_ID
)
```

--------------------------------

### List pyodk Forms

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/2022-10-pyodk-webinar

Lists all available forms associated with the currently configured project. This method retrieves metadata for each form, including its ID, name, and version. It assumes a client has already been initialized and opened.

```Python
client.forms.list()
```

--------------------------------

### Custom Session Configuration

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

Explains how to customize pyODK's session behavior, such as setting alternative timeouts or retry strategies, by subclassing the `pyodk.session.Session` class and passing an instance to the Client constructor.

```python
from pyodk.client import Client
from pyodk.session import Session

class MySession(Session):
    # Custom session logic here
    pass

my_session = MySession()
client = Client(session=my_session)
```

--------------------------------

### Visualize Aggregated ODK Data with Bar Chart

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/working-with-repeats

Visualizes the aggregated ODK data using a bar chart. The data is unstacked to facilitate plotting, and axis labels and legend titles are set for clarity.

```Python
ax = grouped.unstack(level=0).plot(kind="bar")
ax.set_xlabel("Sighting")
ax.set_ylabel("Total count")
ax.legend().set_title("Data collector")
```

--------------------------------

### pyODK Logging Configuration

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/index

Demonstrates how to configure and manage logging for pyODK using Python's standard `logging` library. This includes setting log levels and controlling propagation for the 'pyodk' logger.

```python
import logging

# Initialise an example basic logging config (writes to stdout/stderr).
logging.basicConfig()
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# Get a reference to the pyodk logger.
pyodk_log = logging.getLogger("pyodk")

# Receive everything DEBUG level and higher.
pyodk_log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
pyodk_log.propagate = True

# Ignore everything below FATAL level.
pyodk_log.setLevel(logging.FATAL)
pyodk_log.propagate = False
```

--------------------------------

### Create or Update Form with Attachments

Source: https://getodk.github.io/pyodk/examples/create_or_update_form/create_or_update_form

Implements the main logic to create or update a form. It initializes a `Client` instance, calls `create_ignore_duplicate_error` for initial creation, and then updates the form, optionally uploading attachments from a specified directory.

```python
def create_or_update(form_id: str, definition: str, attachments: str | None):
    """Create (and publish) the form, optionally with attachments."""
    with Client() as client:
        create_ignore_duplicate_error(client=client, definition=definition)
        attach = None
        if attachments is not None:
            attach = Path(attachments).iterdir()
        client.forms.update(
            definition=definition,
            form_id=form_id,
            attachments=attach,
        )
```
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