### HTTP GET Request Example

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Demonstrates a basic HTTP GET request to fetch a resource. The request includes a Host header and a User-agent.

```http
GET / HTTP/1.1
User-agent: curl/2000
Host: example.com

```

--------------------------------

### Install libcurl development package with apt

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Install the development package for libcurl to get include headers and documentation for building applications. Choose the TLS backend you prefer.

```bash
apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev
```

```bash
apt install libcurl4-gnutls-dev
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Install Curl

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Commands to build and install Curl after configuration.

```bash
make
make install
```

--------------------------------

### Install libcurl using vcpkg

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/windows/win-vcpkg.html

Use this command to install the libcurl package for the x64 Windows architecture via vcpkg. Ensure vcpkg is installed and in your PATH.

```bash
vcpkg.exe install curl:x64-windows
```

--------------------------------

### Start FTP Download from Byte Offset

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/usingcurl/downloads/resume.html

Use this to initiate an FTP download starting from a specific byte offset. This is useful for resuming or controlling the download start point.

```bash
curl --continue-at 100 ftp://example.com/bigfile
```

--------------------------------

### Request First 200 Bytes

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/http/modify/ranges.html

Use the -r option with a start and end offset to get a specific range. This example requests bytes from 0 to 199.

```bash
curl -r 0-199 http://example.com
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP GET Response Example

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Shows a typical HTTP response to a GET request, including status code, headers, and body. The response indicates success with a 200 OK status.

```http
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: example-server/1.1
Content-Length: 5
Content-Type: plain/text

hello
```

--------------------------------

### Example: Repeat 'hello' 100 Times

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

This example demonstrates how to insert the string 'hello' repeated 100 times using the %repeat directive.

```bash
%repeat[100 x hello]%
```

--------------------------------

### Example libcurl C code generation

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

This C code is generated by the curl --libcurl option. It demonstrates basic libcurl setup, including initializing a handle, setting URL and other options, performing the transfer, and cleaning up.

```c
/********* Sample code generated by the curl command-line tool **********
 * All curl_easy_setopt() options are documented at:
 * https://curl.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt.html
 ************************************************************************/
#include <curl/curl.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  CURLcode ret;
  CURL *hnd;

  hnd = curl_easy_init();
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_URL, "http://example.com");
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 1L);
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "curl/7.45.0");
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, 50L);
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_SSH_KNOWNHOSTS,
                   "/home/daniel/.ssh/known_hosts");
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPALIVE, 1L);

  /* Here is a list of options the curl code used that cannot get
     generated as source easily. You may select to either not use them or
     implement them yourself.

  CURLOPT_WRITEDATA set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION set to a functionpointer
  CURLOPT_READDATA set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_READFUNCTION set to a functionpointer
  CURLOPT_SEEKDATA set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_SEEKFUNCTION set to a functionpointer
  CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_STDERR set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION set to a functionpointer
  CURLOPT_HEADERDATA set to a objectpointer

  */

  ret = curl_easy_perform(hnd);

  curl_easy_cleanup(hnd);
  hnd = NULL;

  return (int)ret;
}
/**** End of sample code ****/

```

--------------------------------

### Install curl on Void Linux

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Use xbps-install to install the curl command-line utility on Void Linux.

```bash
xbps-install curl
```

--------------------------------

### Install libcurl development package on Void Linux

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Install the libcurl development package on Void Linux using xbps-install.

```bash
xbps-install libcurl-devel
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl on NixOS/Linux

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Install the curl command-line tool using nix-env on NixOS or other Linux distributions where Nix is installed.

```bash
nix-env -i curl
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl on Debian/Ubuntu

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Use apt to install the curl command-line tool. This also installs necessary dependencies, including libcurl.

```bash
apt install curl
```

--------------------------------

### Example libcurl C Code Generation

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/libcurl/--libcurl.html

This C code is generated by the --libcurl option and demonstrates how to perform a simple HTTP GET request using libcurl. It includes common options like setting the URL, user agent, and handling redirects. Note that some options, like CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, require custom function pointers and are listed as comments.

```c
/********* Sample code generated by the curl command-line tool **********
 * All curl_easy_setopt() options are documented at:
 * https://curl.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt.html
 ************************************************************************/
#include <curl/curl.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  CURLcode ret;
  CURL *hnd;

  hnd = curl_easy_init();
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_URL, "http://example.com");
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 1L);
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "curl/7.45.0");
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, 50L);
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_SSH_KNOWNHOSTS,
                   "/home/daniel/.ssh/known_hosts");
  curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPALIVE, 1L);

  /* Here is a list of options the curl code used that cannot get
     generated as source easily. You may select to either not use them or
     implement them yourself.

  CURLOPT_WRITEDATA set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION set to a functionpointer
  CURLOPT_READDATA set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_READFUNCTION set to a functionpointer
  CURLOPT_SEEKDATA set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_SEEKFUNCTION set to a functionpointer
  CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_STDERR set to a objectpointer
  CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION set to a functionpointer
  CURLOPT_HEADERDATA set to a objectpointer

  */

  ret = curl_easy_perform(hnd);

  curl_easy_cleanup(hnd);
  hnd = NULL;

  return (int)ret;
}
/**** End of sample code ****/

```

--------------------------------

### Install libcurl development package on Silverblue/Kinoite/etc.

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Use rpm-ostree to install the libcurl development package on immutable Linux distributions. A system restart is required after installation.

```bash
rpm-ostree install libcurl-devel
```

--------------------------------

### Install libcurl development package on SUSE/openSUSE

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Install the libcurl development package on SUSE Linux and openSUSE Linux using zypper.

```bash
zypper install libcurl-devel
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl on SUSE/openSUSE

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Use zypper to install the curl command-line utility on SUSE Linux and openSUSE Linux.

```bash
zypper install curl
```

--------------------------------

### Install libcurl development package on Fedora

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Install the libcurl development package on Fedora-based distributions using dnf.

```bash
dnf install libcurl-devel
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl on Gentoo

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Use emerge to install the curl package, which includes the tool, libcurl, headers, and pkg-config files.

```bash
emerge net-misc/curl
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl with emerge

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

This command installs the curl tool, libcurl, headers, and pkg-config files on systems using the emerge package manager, such as Gentoo.

```bash
emerge net-misc/curl
```

--------------------------------

### HTTP POST Request Example

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Illustrates an HTTP POST request with a small request body. This example includes Content-Length to specify the body size.

```http
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
User-agent: curl/2000
Content-Length: 5

hello
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl on Silverblue/Kinoite/etc.

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Use rpm-ostree to install the curl command-line tool on immutable Linux distributions like Silverblue, Kinoite, Sericea, and Onyx. A system restart is required after installation.

```bash
rpm-ostree install curl
```

--------------------------------

### Install libcurl development package on Debian/Ubuntu (OpenSSL)

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Install the libcurl development package with OpenSSL backend for building applications against libcurl.

```bash
apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl on Fedora

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Use dnf to install the curl command-line tool on Fedora Workstation and other Fedora-based distributions.

```bash
dnf install curl
```

--------------------------------

### Example URL Breakdown

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

An example URL showing how different parts are used in an HTTP request. It details the scheme, hostname, and path.

```url
https://www.example.com/path/to/file
```

--------------------------------

### Enable SSL False Start

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/transfers/options/tls.html

Enable SSL False Start with `CURLOPT_SSL_FALSESTART`. This option, along with others like `CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST`, allows for fine-tuning TLS connection behavior.

```c
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_FALSESTART, 1);
```

--------------------------------

### Install Local Curl Package File

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Installs a locally built curl package file using the pacman -U command. This is used after compiling a custom version of curl.

```bash
pacman -U mingw-w64-x86_64-curl-winssl-7.80.0-1-any.pkg.tar.zst
```

--------------------------------

### Setup Connection with Protocol Handler

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/internals/handler.html

Calls the protocol-specific setup_connection function if it is defined in the handler.

```c
if(conn->handler->setup_connection)
  result = conn->handler->setup_connection(data, conn);
```

--------------------------------

### Setting and Redirecting URLs

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Demonstrates how to set an initial URL and then update it with a relative URL, causing the handle to adapt to the new path.

```c
CURLU *h = curl_url();
rc = curl_url_set(h, CURLUPART_URL,
                  "https://example.com/foo/bar?name=moo", 0);

rc = curl_url_set(h, CURLUPART_URL, "../test?another", 0);

```

--------------------------------

### Extracting Local Port Number

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

This example shows how to get the local port number used for the connection of a completed transfer using `CURLINFO_LOCAL_PORT`.

```APIDOC
## Get Local Port Number

### Description
Retrieves the local port number used for the connection of the previous transfer.

### Method
`curl_easy_getinfo()`

### Parameters
#### Input
- **curl**: An initialized libcurl easy handle.
- **info_type**: `CURLINFO_LOCAL_PORT` to request the local port number.
- **return_pointer**: A pointer to a `long` variable to store the port number.

### Return Value
- **CURLcode**: Indicates success or failure of the operation.

### Example
```c
CURLcode res;
long port_number;
res = curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_LOCAL_PORT, &port_number);
```
```

--------------------------------

### Example URL Structure

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Illustrates the components of a sample URL and how they map to CURLUPART constants.

```text
http://joe:7Hbz@example.com:8080/images?id=5445#footer
```

--------------------------------

### Get libcurl Easy Option by ID

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Use `curl_easy_option_by_id()` to find a `struct curl_easyoption` pointer given the option's ID. This example retrieves the name for `CURLOPT_VERBOSE`.

```c
const struct curl_easyoption *opt =
  curl_easy_option_by_id(CURLOPT_VERBOSE);
if(opt) {
  printf("This option has the name: %s\n", opt->name);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Function Invocation with Open Parenthesis

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

When a function invocation starts a block, ensure proper indentation for subsequent lines within the block. This example shows a function call within an if statement.

```c
if(option) {
  result = parse_login_details(option, strlen(option),
                               (userp ? &user : NULL),
                               (passwdp ? &passwd : NULL),
                               NULL);
}

```

--------------------------------

### Create URL by Setting Components

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/cmdline/urls/trurl.html

Construct a URL by specifying components like host and scheme using the --set option.

```bash
$ trurl --set host=example.com --set scheme=ftp
ftp://example.com/
```

--------------------------------

### Get Byte Range from File Content

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/cmdline/variables/assign.html

Starting from curl 8.12.0, specify a byte range [N-M] to extract a portion of the file content. The end offset M can be omitted to read until the end of the file.

```bash
curl --variable "varName[100-199]@filename"
```

--------------------------------

### Get libcurl Easy Option by Name

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Use `curl_easy_option_by_name()` to find a `struct curl_easyoption` pointer given the option's name (without the `CURLOPT_` prefix). This example retrieves the ID for `CURLOPT_VERBOSE`.

```c
const struct curl_easyoption *opt = curl_easy_option_by_name("VERBOSE");
if(opt) {
  printf("This option wants CURLoption %x\n", (int)opt->id);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Valid file:// URL formats

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/cmdline/urls/scheme.html

Demonstrates the correct syntax for file:// URLs, including localhost, IP address, and a blank hostname.

```bash
file://localhost/path/to/file
file://127.0.0.1/path/to/file
file:///path/to/file
```

--------------------------------

### Multi-line Conditional Statement Formatting

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Align continuation lines of conditional statements to improve readability. Operators should not start continuation lines. This example shows a complex condition spanning multiple lines.

```c
if(Curl_pipeline_wanted(handle->multi, CURLPIPE_HTTP1) &&
   (handle->set.httpversion != CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0) &&
   (handle->set.httpreq == HTTPREQ_GET ||
    handle->set.httpreq == HTTPREQ_HEAD))
  /* did not ask for HTTP/1.0 and a GET or HEAD */
  return TRUE;

```

--------------------------------

### Standard .netrc Entry for Example.com

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/usingcurl/netrc.html

This is a standard entry in a .netrc file for 'example.com', specifying the username 'daniel' and password 'qwerty'. Ensure this file has restricted read permissions.

```shell
machine example.com
login daniel
password qwerty
```

--------------------------------

### Set curl Keepalive Probe Count

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/usingcurl/connections/keepalive.html

Starting from curl 8.9.0, you can control the number of unanswered keepalive probes before giving up using the --keepalive-cnt option. This example sets the count to 3.

```bash
curl --keepalive-cnt 3 https://example.com
```

--------------------------------

### Extract Byte Range from Variable Content (File)

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Starting in curl 8.12.0, extract a byte range from a variable's content by appending `[N-M]` to the variable name. This example shows extracting from a file.

```bash
curl --variable "varName[100-199]@filename"
```

--------------------------------

### Initializing URL and Setting Full URL

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/helpers/url/set-part.html

Shows how to initialize a CURLU handle and set an initial full URL. This is the first step before modifying individual components.

```c
const char *url="http://joe:7Hbz@example.com:8080/images?id=5445#footer";
CURLU *h = curl_url();
rc = curl_url_set(h, CURLUPART_URL, url, 0);
```

--------------------------------

### Set up Build Environment with pacman

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/windows/win-msys2.html

Installs essential build tools and the MinGW-w64 toolchain required for compiling software on MSYS2. This includes syncing repositories, installing git and base development packages, and the GCC compiler for x86_64.

```bash
# Sync the repositories
pacman -Syu

# Install git, autoconf, patch, etc
pacman -S git base-devel

# Install GCC for x86_64
pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
```

--------------------------------

### Limit to 8 Transfers Every 5 Seconds

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Starting from curl 8.10.0, this example shows how to specify a number of time units. It limits curl to no more than eight transfers within any five-second interval. The `-O` option saves files with their original names.

```bash
curl --rate 8/5s -O https://example.com/[1-100].jpg
```

--------------------------------

### WebSocket Communication Example in C

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

This C code sets up a WebSocket stream using libcurl, then performs communication using curl_ws_recv() and curl_ws_send(). It includes functions for sending PING frames, receiving PONG frames, and closing the connection. Ensure libcurl is properly installed and linked.

```c
#include <string.h>
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <windows.h>
#define sleep(s) Sleep((DWORD)(s * 1000))
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#include <curl/curl.h>

static CURLcode ping(CURL *curl, const char *send_payload)
{
  CURLcode result = CURLE_OK;
  const char *buf = send_payload;
  size_t sent, blen = strlen(send_payload);

  while(blen) {
    result = curl_ws_send(curl, buf, blen, &sent, 0, CURLWS_PING);
    if(result == CURLE_OK) {
      buf += sent; /* deduct what was sent */
      blen -= sent;
    }
    else if(result == CURLE_AGAIN) { /* blocked on sending */
      fprintf(stderr, "ws: sent PING blocked, waiting a second\n");
      sleep(1); /* either select() on socket or max timeout would
                   be good here. */
    }
    else /* real error sending */
      break;
  }
  if(result == CURLE_OK)
    fprintf(stderr, "ws: sent PING with payload\n");
  return result;
}

static CURLcode recv_pong(CURL *curl, const char *expected_payload)
{
  size_t rlen = 0;
  const struct curl_ws_frame *meta;
  char buffer[256];
  CURLcode result;

retry:
  result = curl_ws_recv(curl, buffer, sizeof(buffer), &rlen, &meta);
  if(result == CURLE_OK) {
    /* on small PING content, this example assumes the complete
     * PONG content arrives in one go. Larger frames arrive
     * in chunks, however. */
    if(meta->flags & CURLWS_PONG) {
      int same = 0;
      if(rlen == strlen(expected_payload)) {
        if(!memcmp(expected_payload, buffer, rlen))
          same = 1;
      }
      fprintf(stderr, "ws: received PONG with %s payload back\n",
              same ? "same" : "different");
    }
    else if(meta->flags & CURLWS_TEXT) {
      fprintf(stderr, "ws: received TEXT frame '%.*s'\n",
              (int)rlen, buffer);
    }
    else if(meta->flags & CURLWS_BINARY) {
      fprintf(stderr, "ws: received BINARY frame of %u bytes\n",
              (unsigned int)rlen);
    }
    else {
      /* some other frame arrived. */
      fprintf(stderr, "ws: received frame of %u bytes rflags %x\n",
              (unsigned int)rlen, meta->flags);
      goto retry;
    }
  }
  else if(result == CURLE_AGAIN) { /* blocked on receiving */
    fprintf(stderr, "ws: PONG not there yet, waiting a second\n");
    sleep(1); /* either select() on socket or max timeout would
                 be good here. */
    goto retry;
  }
  if(result != CURLE_OK)
    fprintf(stderr, "ws: curl_ws_recv returned %u, received %u\n",
            (unsigned int)result, (unsigned int)rlen);
  return result;
}

/* close the connection */
static void websocket_close(CURL *curl)
{
  size_t sent;
  (void)curl_ws_send(curl, "", 0, &sent, 0, CURLWS_CLOSE);
}

static CURLcode websocket(CURL *curl)
{
  CURLcode result;
  int i = 0;
  do {
    result = ping(curl, "foobar");
    if(result != CURLE_OK)
      break;
    result = recv_pong(curl, "foobar");
    if(result != CURLE_OK)
      break;
    sleep(1);
  } while(i++ < 10);
  websocket_close(curl);
  return result;
}

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
  CURL *curl;

  CURLcode result = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
  if(result != CURLE_OK)
    return (int)result;

  curl = curl_easy_init();
  if(curl) {
    if(argc == 2)
      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, argv[1]);
    else
      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "wss://example.com");

    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY, 2L);

    /* Perform the request, result gets the return code */
    result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
    /* Check for errors */
    if(result != CURLE_OK)
      fprintf(stderr, "curl_easy_perform() failed: %s\n",
              curl_easy_strerror(result));
    else {
      /* connected and ready */
      result = websocket(curl);
    }

    /* always cleanup */
    curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
  }
  curl_global_cleanup();
  return (int)result;
}

```

--------------------------------

### Example: Read, Trim, and URL-Encode File Content

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Demonstrates reading a file's content into a variable, trimming whitespace, URL-encoding it, and sending it as POST data. Assumes a default HOME path.

```bash
__
curl \
    --variable %HOME=/home/default \
    --expand-variable fix@{{HOME}}/.secret \
    --expand-data "{{fix:trim:url}}" \
    --url https://example.com/
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl with Homebrew

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/macos.html

Use Homebrew to install the latest curl package. This command installs curl and its dependencies.

```bash
brew install curl
```

--------------------------------

### Create BoringsSL Lib and Include Directories

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Instructions to create a 'lib' directory and symlink the built BoringSSL libraries into it, ensuring the 'include' directory is present.

```bash
$ mkdir lib
$ cd lib
$ ln -s ../build/ssl/libssl.a
$ ln -s ../build/crypto/libcrypto.a
```

--------------------------------

### Example Curl Version Output (Windows 10)

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/cmdline/curlver.html

This is an example of the output from `curl --version` on a Windows 10 machine. Note the differences in build components and release date compared to Linux builds.

```text
curl 7.55.1 (Windows) libcurl/7.55.1 WinSSL
Release-Date: [unreleased]
Protocols: dict file ftp ftps http https imap imaps pop3 pop3s smtp smtps
telnet tftp
Features: AsynchDNS IPv6 Largefile SSPI Kerberos SPNEGO NTLM SSL

```

--------------------------------

### Basic GET Request with Curl

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

This is a standard GET request to a specified URL. Curl automatically sets the method to GET.

```bash
curl http://example.com/file
```

--------------------------------

### Connect using explicit TLS (STARTTLS)

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/usingcurl/pop3.html

This command initiates a connection and then upgrades it to TLS using STARTTLS, requiring the upgrade to succeed.

```bash
curl pop3://mail.example.com/ --ssl-reqd
```

--------------------------------

### Install curl on Arch Linux

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/linux.html

Use pacman to install the curl command-line tool on Arch Linux. It is typically installed by default.

```bash
pacman -S curl
```

--------------------------------

### Basic HTTP GET Request

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/protocols/http.html

Demonstrates a simple GET request to fetch a resource. GET requests typically do not include a request body.

```http
GET / HTTP/1.1
User-agent: curl/2000
Host: example.com


```

--------------------------------

### Multipart Form-Post with Multi Interface

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

This example demonstrates how to make a multipart form-post using the curl multi interface. It includes setting up form fields, headers, and handling the multi-perform loop.

```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include <curl/curl.h>

int main(void)
{
  CURL *curl;

  CURLM *multi_handle;
  int still_running = 0;

  curl_mime *form = NULL;
  curl_mimepart *field = NULL;
  struct curl_slist *headerlist = NULL;
  static const char buf[] = "Expect:";

  curl = curl_easy_init();
  multi_handle = curl_multi_init();

  if(curl && multi_handle) {
    /* Create the form */
    form = curl_mime_init(curl);

    /* Fill in the file upload field */
    field = curl_mime_addpart(form);
    curl_mime_name(field, "sendfile");
    curl_mime_filedata(field, "multi-post.c");

    /* Fill in the filename field */
    field = curl_mime_addpart(form);
    curl_mime_name(field, "filename");
    curl_mime_data(field, "multi-post.c", CURL_ZERO_TERMINATED);

    /* Fill in the submit field too, even if this is rarely needed */
    field = curl_mime_addpart(form);
    curl_mime_name(field, "submit");
    curl_mime_data(field, "send", CURL_ZERO_TERMINATED);

    /* initialize custom header list (stating that Expect: 100-continue is
       not wanted */
    headerlist = curl_slist_append(headerlist, buf);

    /* what URL that receives this POST */
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://example.com/upload.cgi");
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);

    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headerlist);
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MIMEPOST, form);

    curl_multi_add_handle(multi_handle, curl);

    do {
      CURLMcode mc = curl_multi_perform(multi_handle, &still_running);

      if(still_running)
        /* wait for activity, timeout or "nothing" */
        mc = curl_multi_poll(multi_handle, NULL, 0, 1000, NULL);

      if(mc)
        break;
    } while(still_running);

    curl_multi_cleanup(multi_handle);

    /* always cleanup */
    curl_easy_cleanup(curl);

    /* then cleanup the form */
    curl_mime_free(form);

    /* free slist */
    curl_slist_free_all(headerlist);
  }
  return 0;
}

```

--------------------------------

### Example URL with Fragment

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/cmdline/urls/fragment.html

A standard URL demonstrating the fragment part, indicated by a hash symbol.

```text
https://www.example.com/info.html#the-plot
```

--------------------------------

### Set Up MSYS2 Build Environment

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Installs essential build tools and the GCC toolchain for x86_64 architecture within MSYS2. This prepares the environment for compiling packages.

```bash
# Sync the repositories
pacman -Syu

# Install git, autoconf, patch, etc
pacman -S git base-devel

# Install GCC for x86_64
pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
```

--------------------------------

### Single-Line .netrc Entry for Example.com

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/usingcurl/netrc.html

This demonstrates an alternative single-line format for the .netrc file, achieving the same result as the multi-line entry for 'example.com' with user 'daniel' and password 'qwerty'.

```shell
machine example.com login daniel password qwerty
```

--------------------------------

### Append Data to URL as Query Parameters with GET

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

Use the -G option to append URL-encoded data to the specified URL and perform a GET request. This is useful for switching between POST and GET methods.

```bash
curl -G --data-urlencode "name=daniel stenberg" https://example.com/
```

--------------------------------

### Fetch HTML from URL with libcurl

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/examples/get.html

This is a fundamental libcurl program. It initializes libcurl, sets the target URL, performs the request, and checks for errors. The output is sent to stdout by default. For most applications, you'll want to install a write callback to handle the received data.

```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>

int main(void)
{
  CURL *curl;
  CURLcode res;

  curl = curl_easy_init();
  if(curl) {
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "http://example.com/");

    /* Perform the request, 'res' holds the return code */
    res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
    /* Check for errors */
    if(res != CURLE_OK)
      fprintf(stderr, "curl_easy_perform() failed: %s\n",
              curl_easy_strerror(res));

    /* always cleanup */
    curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
  }
  return 0;
}
```

--------------------------------

### HTML Form Example

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/http/post/multipart.html

An example of an HTML form that uses multipart/form-data encoding for submission.

```html
<form action="submit.cgi" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  Name: <input type="text" name="person"><br>
  File: <input type="file" name="secret"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

```

--------------------------------

### Install Local Package File with pacman

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/install/windows/win-msys2.html

Installs a locally built cURL package file using pacman. This command is used after compiling a custom version of cURL, allowing you to install the generated .pkg.tar.zst file.

```bash
pacman -U mingw-w64-x86_64-curl-winssl-7.80.0-1-any.pkg.tar.zst
```

--------------------------------

### Default GET Request Line

Source: https://everything.curl.dev/print.html

The initial request line for a basic GET request as generated by curl.

```http
GET /file HTTP/1.1
```