EMQX Neuron

https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/
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### Start EMQX Broker

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/configuration/north-apps/sparkplugb/cogent

This command starts a local instance of the EMQX broker. Ensure EMQX is installed and accessible in your environment.

```bash
./bin/emqx start
```

--------------------------------

### Install Plugin using install.sh (Bash)

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/api/api-docs

Example of an install.sh script for installing a plugin's dependencies. It checks for existing directories, creates them if necessary, installs packages like unzip, and handles configuration files. This script is part of a plugin's zip archive.

```bash
dir=/usr/local/mysdk
cur=$(dirname "$0")
echo "Base path $cur"
if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
    echo "SDK path $dir exists."
else
    echo "Creating SDK path $dir"
    mkdir -p $dir
    echo "Created SDK path $dir"
fi

apt install --no-upgrade unzip
if [ -d "$dir/lib" ]; then
    echo "SDK lib path $dir/lib exists."
else
    echo "Unzip SDK lib to path $dir"
    unzip $cur/mysdk.zip -d $dir
    echo "Unzipped SDK lib to path $dir"
fi

if [ -f "/etc/ld.so.conf.d/myconfig.conf" ]; then
    echo "/etc/ld.so.conf.d/myconfig.conf exists"
else
    echo "Copy conf file"
    cp $cur/myconfig.conf /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
    echo "Copied conf file"
fi
ldconfig
echo "Done"

```

--------------------------------

### Install and Start NeuronEX (Debian/Ubuntu)

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/best-practise/master-backup

Installs the NeuronEX service from a .deb package, starts the service, and configures it to launch automatically on system boot. This is a prerequisite for setting up the master-backup mode.

```shell
# Download NeuronEX installation package
wget https://www.emqx.com/zh/downloads/neuronex/3.4.3/neuronex-3.4.3-linux-amd64.deb

# Install NeuronEX
sudo dpkg -i neuronex-3.4.3-linux-amd64.deb

# Start NeuronEX
sudo systemctl start neuronex

# Set to start automatically on boot
sudo systemctl enable neuronex
```

--------------------------------

### Python Plugin Initialization Example

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/extension

Example of initializing and starting a portable plugin in NeuronEX using Python. It demonstrates how to configure plugin components like JSON parsing, print sinks, and revert instances.

```python
if __name__ == '__main__':
     c = PluginConfig("pysam", {"pyjson": lambda: PyJson()}, {"print": lambda: PrintSink()},
                      {"revert": lambda: revertIns})
     plugin.start(c)
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Plugin Installation Script

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/portable_python

This shell script is executed automatically during plugin installation. It determines the plugin's base path and installs any Python dependencies listed in 'requirements.txt'.

```shell
cur=$(dirname "$0")
echo "Base path $cur"
pip install -r $cur/requirements.txt
echo "Done"
```

--------------------------------

### Test AI Feature Startup with uv

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/admin/sys-configuration

This command tests if the AI features can start normally after installing dependencies using 'uv'. It synchronizes packages and then runs the main AI application entry point. Successful execution indicates that AI-related dependency libraries are correctly installed.

```bash
uv sync && cd src/apps_entry && uv run main.py
```

--------------------------------

### Install Python Dependencies for NeuronEX

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/portable_python

Installs the necessary Python libraries, `ekuiper` and `pynng`, required for running Python portable plugins in EMQX Neuron. This is typically done in a Python 3 environment.

```shell
pip install ekuiper pynng
```

--------------------------------

### Install EMQX Neuron from .tar.gz package

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/installation/targz

Extracts the downloaded EMQX Neuron .tar.gz package and navigates into the extracted directory. This is a common installation step on Linux systems.

```bash
tar -zxvf neuronex-3.7.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd neuronex-3.7.0-linux-amd64
```

--------------------------------

### Download EMQX Neuron using wget

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/installation/ubuntu

This command downloads the EMQX Neuron installation package (.deb file) from the EMQ website. Ensure you have wget installed and replace the version and architecture with your specific requirements.

```bash
wget https://www.emqx.com/en/downloads/neuronex/3.7.0/neuronex-3.7.0-linux-amd64.deb
```

--------------------------------

### Get Available Portable Plugins

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/api/api-docs

Retrieves a list of pre-built portable plugins available for installation based on the `pluginHosts` configuration. By default, it fetches from `https://packages.emqx.net`.

```HTTP
GET /api/ekuiper/plugins/portables/prebuild HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
```

--------------------------------

### MQTT Plugin Start Function (C)

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/dev-guide/sdk-tutorial/sdk-example/mqtt-example

The `mqtt_plugin_start` function is invoked when a user initiates the MQTT plugin from the Neuron node page. It calls `plguin_start_running` to begin the plugin's operation and device connection process. If the configuration is invalid, it returns `NEU_ERR_NODE_SETTING_INVALID`.

```c
static int mqtt_plugin_start(neu_plugin_t *plugin)
{
    assert(NULL != plugin);

    int rc = plguin_start_running(plugin);
    if (0 != rc) {
        return NEU_ERR_NODE_SETTING_INVALID;
    }

    return NEU_ERR_SUCCESS;
}

```

--------------------------------

### Download EMQX Neuron using wget

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/installation/targz

Downloads the EMQX Neuron installation package (.tar.gz) from the EMQ website. This command is typically used in a Linux environment.

```bash
wget https://www.emqx.com/en/downloads/neuronex/3.7.0/neuronex-3.7.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```

--------------------------------

### Start EMQX Neuron Service

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/installation/centos

Starts the EMQX Neuron service using `systemctl`. This command requires root privileges (`sudo`) and assumes the service unit file is correctly configured.

```bash
$ sudo systemctl start neuronex
```

--------------------------------

### Get Available Source Plugins

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/api/api-docs

Retrieves a list of pre-built source plugins available for installation based on the `pluginHosts` configuration. By default, it fetches from `https://packages.emqx.net`.

```HTTP
GET /api/ekuiper/plugins/sources/prebuild HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
```

--------------------------------

### Get available plugins

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/api/api-docs

Returns a list of plugins that can be installed locally, based on the `pluginHosts` configuration. By default, it fetches the list from `https://packages.emqx.net`.

```APIDOC
## Get the available plugins

### Description
Returns a list of plugins that can be installed locally, based on the `pluginHosts` configuration. By default, it fetches the list from `https://packages.emqx.net`.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/api/ekuiper/plugins/{type}/prebuild

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **type** (string) - Required - Type of plugins to retrieve (e.g., "sources", "sinks", "functions", "portables").

### Request Body
*This endpoint does not typically require a request body for the GET method. The provided schema might be for a different context or an older version.*

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **{key}** (string) - A URL pointing to a plugin zip file. The keys represent different plugin variants or targets.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "file": "http://127.0.0.1:63767/kuiper-plugins/0.9.1/sinks/alpine/file_arm64.zip",
  "influx": "http://127.0.0.1:63767/kuiper-plugins/0.9.1/sinks/alpine/influx_arm64.zip",
  "zmq": "http://127.0.0.1:63768/kuiper-plugins/0.9.1/sinks/alpine/zmq_arm64.zip"
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Run NeuronEX AI Docker Image

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/best-practise/llm-portable-plugin

These commands demonstrate how to download and run NeuronEX Docker images with AI functionality. It includes separate instructions for x86 and arm64 architectures, ensuring the container is set up for AI model interaction.

```shell
# Download x86 image and run container
docker pull emqx/neuronex:3.5.1-ai
docker run -d --name neuronex -p 8085:8085 --log-opt max-size=100m --privileged=true emqx/neuronex:3.5.1-ai

# Download arm64 image and run container
docker pull emqx/neuronex:3.5.1-ai-amd64
docker run -d --name neuronex -p 8085:8085 --log-opt max-size=100m --privileged=true emqx/neuronex:3.5.1-ai-amd64
```

--------------------------------

### Get Available Sink Plugins

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/api/api-docs

Retrieves a list of pre-built sink plugins available for installation based on the `pluginHosts` configuration. By default, it fetches from `https://packages.emqx.net`.

```HTTP
GET /api/ekuiper/plugins/sinks/prebuild HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
```

--------------------------------

### Start eKuiper Process API

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/api/api-docs

Starts the eKuiper process.

```APIDOC
## GET /api/process/ekuiper/start

### Description
Starts the eKuiper process.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/api/process/ekuiper/start

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **(empty object)**

#### Error Response (500)
- **(empty object)**

#### Response Example
```json
{ }
```
```

--------------------------------

### Python Portable Plugin Main Program (pysam.py)

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/portable_python

The main executable file for the Python portable plugin. It initializes the plugin configuration, registers Source, Sink, and Function plugins, and starts the plugin service using the `ekuiper` library.

```python
from ekuiper import plugin, PluginConfig
from print import PrintSink
from pyjson import PyJson
from revert import revertIns

if __name__ == '__main__':
     c = PluginConfig("pysam", {"pyjson": lambda: PyJson()}, {"print": lambda: PrintSink()},
                      {"revert": lambda: revertIns})
     plugin.start(c)
```

--------------------------------

### Get Available Function Plugins

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/api/api-docs

Retrieves a list of pre-built function plugins available for installation based on the `pluginHosts` configuration. By default, it fetches from `https://packages.emqx.net`.

```HTTP
GET /api/ekuiper/plugins/functions/prebuild HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
```

--------------------------------

### Plugin Python Dependencies

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/portable_python

This file lists the Python packages and their specific versions required by the plugin. It is used by the 'install.sh' script to install dependencies.

```shell
numpy==1.22.3
scipy==1.8.0
```

--------------------------------

### Start Local HTTP Service with Python Flask

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/ex_func

This Python script uses Flask to create a local HTTP server that listens on port 9876. It exposes an API endpoint '/api/test1' which accepts POST requests with JSON data containing 'a' and 'b' fields. The service returns the sum of 'a' and 'b' or an error message.

```python
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/api/test1', methods=['POST'])
def test1():
    try:
        data = request.get_json()  
        a = data['a']
        b = data['b']
        result = a + b
        return jsonify({'result': result}), 200  
    except Exception as e:
        return jsonify({'error': str(e)}), 400  

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=9876)
```

--------------------------------

### Package Plugin into ZIP Archive

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/portable_python

This command packages the plugin's files into a zip archive named 'pysam.zip'. It is executed in the directory containing 'pysam.json'. The resulting zip file is used for plugin installation in NeuronEx.

```shell
zip -r pysam.zip ./*
```

--------------------------------

### Start EMQX Neuron service

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/installation/ubuntu

This command starts the EMQX Neuron system service. It requires superuser privileges (sudo) and assumes the service is named 'neuronex'.

```bash
sudo systemctl start neuronex
```

--------------------------------

### Start NeuronEX as a Daemon (Shell)

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/admin/conf-management

The `start` command initiates NeuronEX in daemon mode, allowing it to run in the background. This command does not manage the lifecycle of Neuron or eKuiper and does not enable privilege authentication.

```shell
./bin/neuronex start
```

--------------------------------

### Run All Functional Tests (Shell)

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/dev-guide/dev-guide

This script executes all functional tests for the Neuron project. It involves installing Mosquitto, starting the Mosquitto broker, updating pip, installing test requirements, and then running Robot Framework tests.

```shell
sudo apt-get install -y mosquitto
mosquitto -v &
python3 -m pip install -U pip
python3 -m pip install -r ft/requirements.txt
python3 -m robot --maxerroelines=600 -P ft/ -d ft/reports ft
```

--------------------------------

### Pull EMQX Neuron Docker Image

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/quick-start/quick-start

This command pulls the latest EMQX Neuron Docker image from Docker Hub. Ensure Docker is installed and running on your system.

```bash
docker pull emqx/neuronex:latest
```

--------------------------------

### Define SQL Stream with Protobuf Schema

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/stream

This example demonstrates defining a SQL stream named 'demo' that subscribes to the MQTT topic 'test/' using the Protobuf format. It specifies a schema ID 'proto1.Book' for decoding the incoming data. The data is decoded according to the 'Book' definition in the specified Protobuf schema file.

```sql
demo () WITH (DATASOURCE="test/", FORMAT="protobuf", SCHEMAID="proto1.Book");
```

--------------------------------

### Install EMQX Neuron using dpkg

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/installation/ubuntu

This command installs the downloaded EMQX Neuron deb package. It requires superuser privileges (sudo) and the correct filename for your downloaded package.

```bash
sudo dpkg -i neuronex-3.7.0-linux-amd64.deb
```

--------------------------------

### POST /api/ekuiper/rules/{id}/start

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/api/api-docs

Starts the execution of a rule.

```APIDOC
## POST /api/ekuiper/rules/{id}/start

### Description
Starts the execution of a rule.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/api/ekuiper/rules/{id}/start

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **id** (string) - Required - The ID of the rule to start.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- An empty JSON object indicates the rule has started successfully.

### Response Example
```json
{}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Get Rule Start Timestamp with RULE_START

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/sqls/functions/other_functions

The RULE_START function returns the timestamp when the current rule started execution, in int64 format. This can be useful for measuring rule execution duration or for time-based analysis.

```text
rule_start()
```

--------------------------------

### Run NeuronEX with Configuration (Shell)

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/admin/conf-management

The `run` command starts NeuronEX on the console, displaying output in the terminal. It accepts a configuration file path and an option to disable eKuiper. The priority order for configuration is command line > environment variable > configuration file.

```shell
# Command line options for the run command
-c, --config string   config file path (default "etc/neuronex.yaml")
-k, --disable_kuiper    select whether to disable ekuiper

# Example usage
./bin/neuronex run -c etc/neuronex.yaml -k true
```

--------------------------------

### OpenSSL Default Configuration File Example

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/configuration/south-devices/opc-ua/policy

A sample OpenSSL configuration file that sets up basic environment variables and defines sections for Object Identifiers (OIDs). This file can be used as a base for more specific configurations, such as those required for certificate generation.

```ini
#
# OpenSSL example configuration file.
# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
#

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME			= .
RANDFILE		= $ENV::HOME/.rnd

# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file		= $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section		= new_oids

# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions		= 
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)

[ new_oids ]

# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6

```

--------------------------------

### Golang Simple Template Examples for Single Record

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/sink/data_template

Demonstrates how to use Golang templates to format a single record in sendSingle=true mode. It shows how to print the entire record or specific fields, including adding quotes for string fields.

```text
"dataTemplate": "{\"content\":{{json .}}}",
```

```text
"dataTemplate": "{\"content\":{{.ab}}}",
```

```text
"dataTemplate": "{\"content\":\"{{.ab}}\"}",
```

--------------------------------

### Run EMQX Neuron Docker Container

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/quick-start/quick-start

This command starts a new Docker container for EMQX Neuron in detached mode. It maps port 8085 for access and sets a log rotation policy.

```bash
docker run -d --name neuronex -p 8085:8085 --log-opt max-size=100m emqx/neuronex:latest
```

--------------------------------

### NeuronEX Login Credentials Example

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/http_pull

Example of the JSON request body for logging into NeuronEX, specifying the username and password. This is a common payload for authentication endpoints in many systems. Ensure the credentials are correct for successful login.

```json
{"name":"admin","password":"0000"}
```

--------------------------------

### Golang Simple Template Examples for Array of Records

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/sink/data_template

Illustrates Golang template usage for arrays of records in sendSingle=false mode. Examples include printing the entire array, the first record, a specific field of the first record, and iterating through the array to format a field for each record into HTML.

```text
"dataTemplate": "{\"content\":{{json .}}}",
```

```text
"dataTemplate": "{\"content\":{{json (index . 0)}}",
```

```text
"dataTemplate": "{\"content\":{{index . 0 \"ab\"}}}",
```

```text
"dataTemplate": "<div>results</div><ul>{{range .}}<li>{{.ab}}</li>{{end}}</ul>",
```

--------------------------------

### Get Plugin API

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/api/api-docs

Retrieves a list of all installed plugins in the Neuron system. Optionally filters by plugin name.

```APIDOC
## GET /api/neuron/plugin

### Description
Retrieves a list of all installed plugins in the Neuron system. Optionally filters by plugin name.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/api/neuron/plugin

### Parameters
#### Query Parameters
- **plugin** (string) - Optional - The name of the plugin to retrieve details for.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **plugins** (Array of objects) - A list of plugin objects, each containing:
  - **kind** (integer) - The kind of the plugin.
  - **node_type** (integer) - The node type of the plugin.
  - **name** (string) - The name of the plugin.
  - **library** (string) - The library file name of the plugin.
  - **description** (string) - The description of the plugin.
  - **description_zh** (string) - The Chinese description of the plugin.
  - **schema** (string) - The schema name associated with the plugin.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "plugins": [
    {
      "kind": 1,
      "node_type": 1,
      "name": "Modbus TCP",
      "library": "libplugin-modbus-tcp.so",
      "description": "description",
      "description_zh": "描述",
      "schema": "modbus-tcp"
    },
    {
      "kind": 1,
      "node_type": 2,
      "name": "MQTT",
      "library": "libplugin-mqtt.so",
      "description": "Neuron northbound MQTT plugin bases on NanoSDK.",
      "description_zh": "基于 NanoSDK 的 Neuron 北向应用 MQTT 插件",
      "schema": "mqtt"
    }
  ]
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Install EMQX Neuron SDK (Bash)

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/dev-guide/sdk-tutorial/sdk-tutorial

This snippet shows the bash commands to navigate to the SDK directory and install it using the provided script. It assumes the SDK has already been downloaded and extracted.

```bash
# take version 2.3.0 as an example
$ cd neuron-sdk-2.3.0
# install sdk
$ sudo ./sdk-install.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Get Window Start Timestamp with WINDOW_START

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/sqls/functions/other_functions

The WINDOW_START function returns the start timestamp of the current time window in int64 format. If no time window is defined, it returns 0. The window time aligns with the rule's timestamp notion (processing or event time).

```text
window_start()
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Close Plugin in C

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/dev-guide/sdk-tutorial/sdk-example/modbus-example

Demonstrates the C functions for opening and closing a plugin in the NeuronEX framework. The 'driver_open' function initializes the plugin structure, while 'driver_close' handles resource deallocation.

```c
static neu_plugin_t *driver_open(void)
{
    neu_plugin_t *plugin = calloc(1, sizeof(neu_plugin_t));

    neu_plugin_common_init(&plugin->common);

    return plugin;
}

static int driver_close(neu_plugin_t *plugin)
{
    free(plugin);

    return 0;
}
```

--------------------------------

### Deploying Neuronex Driver (Bash)

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/dev-guide/sdk-tutorial/sdk-tutorial

Illustrates the bash commands and steps required to deploy a compiled Neuronex driver. This includes copying the shared object (.so) file, the configuration JSON, and updating the plugins.json file.

```bash
# Copy the driver .so file
# cp <driver_build_dir>/plugins/libplugin-<driver_name>.so /usr/local/bin/neuron/plugins/

# Copy the driver configuration .json file
# cp <driver_source_dir>/<driver_name>.json /usr/local/bin/neuron/plugins/schema/

# Modify plugins.json file
# Add the driver .so file name to /usr/local/bin/neuron/persistence/plugins.json

# Start Neuron verification driver
$ sudo ./neuron --log
```

--------------------------------

### LAG Function Example: Partitioned by Device

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/sqls/functions/analytic_functions

Shows how to use LAG within a partition to get the previous temperature value specifically for the same device.

```sql
lag(temperature) OVER (PARTITION BY deviceId)
```

--------------------------------

### SELECT * Example in NeuronEX SQL

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/sqls/query_language_elements

An example demonstrating how to select all fields from a source stream named 'demo' using the SELECT * syntax in NeuronEX SQL.

```sql
select * from demo;
```

--------------------------------

### Example Output Data from SQL Rule

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/portable_python

This JSON object shows the output data after the 'revert' SQL function has been applied to the input data, demonstrating the string reversal.

```json
{
   "result": "gfedcba"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Dynamic MQTT Topic Configuration using Data Template

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/sink/sink

This example demonstrates how to dynamically set the MQTT topic based on incoming data using Golang's data template syntax. It shows how to configure a rule to send messages to a topic prefixed with 'prefix/' followed by the data's 'topic' field. This is useful for routing messages to specific topics at runtime.

```json
{
   "id": "rule1",
   "sql": "SELECT topic FROM demo",
   "actions": [{
     "mqtt": {
       "sendSingle": true,
       "topic": "prefix/{{.topic}}"
     }
   }]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Deduplicate Records and Get All Unique Items

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/streaming-processing/sqls/functions/aggregate_functions

Example using DEDUPLICATE with 'true' to retrieve all unique records within a tumbling window, deduplicated by column 'a'.

```sql
SELECT deduplicate(a, true) as r1 FROM test GROUP BY TumblingWindow(ss, 10)
```

--------------------------------

### Compile and Install LibIEC61850 on Ubuntu

Source: https://docs.emqx.com/en/neuronex/latest/configuration/south-devices/iec61850/libiec61850

This snippet demonstrates the compilation and installation process for the libiec61850 library on Ubuntu systems. It involves navigating to the source directory, creating a build directory, configuring with CMake, and making the project. Ensure you have the necessary build tools installed.

```shell
cd libiec61850
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. && make -j4
cd sudo ./examples/server_example_61400_25/server_example_61400_25
```
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