### Configure Start Script in package.json

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample

Define the `start` script in `package.json` to specify the entry point for the server, typically `index.js`.

```json
{
  "name": "sample-app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node index.js",
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC"
}

```

--------------------------------

### Install Express.js

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample/index.html.md

Install the Express.js framework, a lightweight Node.js web server framework, using npm.

```bash
npm install express
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Quick Reply Buttons in a Text Message

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/using-quick-reply

This example demonstrates how to set up a text message with Quick Reply buttons. It includes buttons for selecting food categories with message actions and a button to send the user's location using a location action. Use this when you want to guide user input with predefined options.

```json
{
  "type": "text",
  "text": "Select your favorite food category or send me your location!",
  "quickReply": {
    "items": [
      {
        "type": "action",
        "imageUrl": "https://example.com/sushi.png",
        "action": {
          "type": "message",
          "label": "Sushi",
          "text": "Sushi"
        }
      },
      {
        "type": "action",
        "imageUrl": "https://example.com/tempura.png",
        "action": {
          "type": "message",
          "label": "Tempura",
          "text": "Tempura"
        }
      },
      {
        "type": "action",
        "action": {
          "type": "location",
          "label": "Send location"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### URI Action Example

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/actions

This example demonstrates how to use URI actions within quick reply buttons to open a menu, initiate a phone call, or share a LINE official account.

```APIDOC
## URI Action

Opens a specified URL in the LINE in-app browser. Can also be used with LINE URL schemes to open the dialer or share a LINE official account.

### Request Example
```json
{
  "messages": [
    {
      "type": "text",
      "text": "ご注文はお決まりですか？",
      "quickReply": {
        "items": [
          {
            "type": "action",
            "action": {
              "type": "uri",
              "label": "メニューを見る",
              "uri": "https://example.com/menu"
            }
          },
          {
            "type": "action",
            "action": {
              "type": "uri",
              "label": "電話注文",
              "uri": "tel:09001234567"
            }
          },
          {
            "type": "action",
            "action": {
              "type": "uri",
              "label": "友だちに勧める",
              "uri": "https://line.me/R/nv/recommendOA/%40linedevelopers"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### URI Action Example for Quick Reply Buttons

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/actions

This JSON snippet demonstrates how to set up a URI action for quick reply buttons. It includes examples for opening a menu, initiating a phone call, and sharing a LINE official account.

```json
{
  "messages": [
    {
      "type": "text",
      "text": "ご注文はお決まりですか？",
      "quickReply": {
        "items": [
          {
            "type": "action",
            "action": {
              "type": "uri",
              "label": "メニューを見る",
              "uri": "https://example.com/menu"
            }
          },
          {
            "type": "action",
            "action": {
              "type": "uri",
              "label": "電話注文",
              "uri": "tel:09001234567"
            }
          },
          {
            "type": "action",
            "action": {
              "type": "uri",
              "label": "友だちに勧める",
              "uri": "https://line.me/R/nv/recommendOA/%40linedevelopers"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Configure npm Start Script

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample/index.html.md

Update the `package.json` file to define the start script for your application. This tells Heroku which file to use to start the server.

```json
{
  "name": "sample-app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node index.js",
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example Private Key (jwx)

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token/index.html.md

This is an example of a generated private key in JSON format, including algorithm, key type, and usage.

```json
{
  "alg": "RS256",
  "d": "JeSJWnvZ......",
  "dp": "gBDRXGg7......",
  "dq": "MjFJ4xM9......",
  "e": "AQ......",
  "kty": "RSA",
  "n": "pTS2jGso......",
  "p": "xQibzkW6......",
  "q": "1qWtyQ9s......",
  "qi": "sdVGblc......",
  "use": "sig"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Node.js Project

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample

Use `npm init -y` to create a `package.json` file, skipping all setup questions.

```sh
npm init -y

```

--------------------------------

### Install JWCrypto Library (Python)

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token

Install the JWCrypto library, an open-source Python library for JWT implementation. This requires Python 3 and pip to be installed.

```python
$ pip install jwcrypto

```

--------------------------------

### Install jwx Command-Line Tool (Go)

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token

Install the jwx command-line tool, a part of the jwx Go library for JWT implementation. Ensure you have a Go development environment set up.

```sh
$ git clone https://github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx.git
$ cd jwx
$ make jwx

```

--------------------------------

### Start Server Listener

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample

Configure the server to listen on the specified `PORT` using `app.listen()`, defaulting to 3000.

```javascript
app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Example app listening at http://localhost:${PORT}`);
});

```

--------------------------------

### Clipboard Action Example

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/actions

This example shows how to implement a clipboard action in a message template, allowing users to copy text, such as a coupon code, to their clipboard with a single tap.

```APIDOC
## Clipboard Action

Copies specified text to the device's clipboard when the user taps the associated control.

### Request Example
```json
{
  "messages": [
    {
      "type": "template",
      "altText": "クーポンコードをお送りします。",
      "template": {
        "type": "buttons",
        "thumbnailImageUrl": "{your coupon image}",
        "imageAspectRatio": "rectangle",
        "imageSize": "cover",
        "imageBackgroundColor": "#FFFFFF",
        "title": "限定クーポン配布中！",
        "text": "有効期限：2024年2月末日\nクーポンコード（3B48740B）を下記のボタンからコピーしてお使いください。",
        "actions": [
          {
            "type": "clipboard",
            "label": "コピー",
            "clipboardText": "3B48740B"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Example Public Key (jwx)

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token/index.html.md

This is an example of a generated public key in JSON format, including algorithm, key type, and usage.

```json
{
  "alg": "RS256",
  "e": "AQ......",
  "kty": "RSA",
  "n": "pTS2jGso......",
  "use": "sig"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example Private Key (JWK Format)

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token

This is an example of the private key generated in JWK format. It contains all necessary components for signing operations.

```json
{
  "alg": "RS256",
  "d": "GaDzOmc4......",
  "dp": "WAByrYmh......",
  "dq": "WLwjYun0......",
  "e": "AQ......",
  "ext": true,
  "key_ops": [
    "sign"
  ],
  "kty": "RSA",
  "n": "vsbOUoFA......",
  "p": "5QJitCu9......",
  "q": "1ULfGui5......",
  "qi": "2cK4apee......"
}

```

--------------------------------

### Example Public Key (JWK Format)

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token

This is an example of the public key generated in JWK format. It contains the necessary components for verification operations.

```json
{
  "alg": "RS256",
  "e": "AQ......",
  "ext": true,
  "key_ops": [
    "verify"
  ],
  "kty": "RSA",
  "n": "vsbOUoFA......"
}

```

--------------------------------

### Set up Root Route

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample

Implement a GET route for the root path (`/`) to return a status of 200, useful for health checks.

```javascript
app.get("/", (req, res) => {
  res.sendStatus(200);
});

```

--------------------------------

### Linear Gradient with Intermediate Color (10% position)

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/flex-message-layout

Adds an intermediate color to a linear gradient background. The `centerColor` property defines the intermediate color, and `centerPosition` sets its location within the gradient. This example places the intermediate color at 10% from the start.

```json
{
  "type": "bubble",
  "body": {
    "type": "box",
    "layout": "vertical",
    "contents": [],
    "background": {
      "type": "linearGradient",
      "angle": "0deg",
      "startColor": "#ff0000",
      "centerColor": "#0000ff",
      "endColor": "#00ff00",
      "centerPosition": "10%"
    },
    "height": "200px"
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Create and Initialize Heroku App

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample/index.html.md

Create a new directory for your project, navigate into it, initialize Git, and create a new app on Heroku. Replace `{Name of your app}` with a unique name.

```bash
mkdir sample-app
cd sample-app
git init
heroku create {Name of your app}
```

--------------------------------

### Install jwcrypto library

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token/index.html.md

Install the jwcrypto library using pip. This library is required for cryptographic operations in Python.

```bash
$ pip install jwcrypto
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize npm Project

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample/index.html.md

Initialize a new npm project with default settings. This creates a `package.json` file to manage project metadata and dependencies.

```bash
npm init -y
```

--------------------------------

### Example JWT Structure

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token

This is an example of a generated JWT. It consists of a Base64-encoded header, claims set, and a signature, separated by dots.

```text
eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ijk4NjllNDQ2LTM0ODktNDUxNi1hODNmLWVjOTIxNGFkOTRkMCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwic3ViIjoiMTIzNDU2Nzg5MCIsImF1ZCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXBpLmxpbmUubWUvIiwiZXhwIjoxNjIzOTk1NTk5LCJ0b2tlbl9leHAiOjI1OTIwMDB9.Zf32xTqgUHSYw2C2Mlmunqz_AtkaqvGh0msx9XJMX6QYLPT4m4QYF3PsER-zfbhbByNT4rH09JEMRP7bzcNMQ8l4n_WXwTyLkNciZYzF-sTiVHiZu4ucJm4_l8ni5NaqOVEntsCp1wQi8-VLjaMpQlQ7crCdouEMFFeyVwgERfH8ui6UZaJeIlJKRZTnO6iYvKYuLyUsqzowfwZo0hcnnZIXKnjZ81ukjH3_78EHXOD5ivovAT7CtmBoglm3Bvsi0N6PlEONLhHqpCleaYTXRmCykxDLP600JRvi5TYApaN-8n2Bo3FskXJLuxquWLP-LTfMDlkakmfEfcQCiz7daQ
```

--------------------------------

### Create index.js File

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample/index.html.md

Create the main server file `index.js` for your Node.js application.

```bash
touch index.js
```

--------------------------------

### JWT Header Example

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token

The header contains information about the JWT, including the algorithm used for signing, the token type, and a key ID. This is a decoded example of the header.

```json
{
  "alg": "RS256",
  "typ": "JWT",
  "kid": "536e453c-aa93-4449-8e90-add2608783c6"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example JWT Structure

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token/index.html.md

This is an example of a JWT generated using the RS256 algorithm. It consists of a Base64 encoded header, claims set, and a signature, separated by dots.

```sh
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6IjJjNjU4NWYzLThkZGQtNDZjNC05YmUyLWI1NGE3MGFhOTRlYSJ9.eyJpc3MiOiIxNjUzOTQ3MTcyIiwic3ViIjoiMTY1Mzk0NzE3MiIsImF1ZCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXBpLmxpbmUubWUvIiwiZXhwIjoiMTU4NTIwMDA2MiIsInRva2VuX2V4cCI6IjI1OTIwMDAifQ.UVG6PAEub-OPbZ3nJuVxRRPjY6Sz_eIHJV9DTTAHCR79YsG4yWvoa9AeIctibb6IJQKgTEV7mF7LsUDmXldEDqYwyEmKs38zj_995Ntc9SYBFphHpr09NqfMoqMphwKqms2NOnqgcHreFs27d9Q0Qv8Rtv2t7SB2cVO__KrsjzYNs3miTvDdkqYLXFo5fXwuzNtHOCAJomd6bhMR8Yd1-vJmtMCBPK4hmA98w8fG_NhcyLbw-B9AuxQ6z92zXiRhNyPlK_3ce2T7HtgUluJ4xJl4xdLJ_C6hvTAqtQxmSiJKzbjUiANF6hVBTomU8vkaIjEKjnlT1uPMihfrsA3pzQ
```

--------------------------------

### JSONでFlex Messageを定義する

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/using-flex-messages

「Hello, World!」メッセージを作成するための基本的なFlex MessageのJSON構造です。単一のメッセージバブルコンテナを使用し、水平レイアウトのボックス内に2つのテキストコンポーネントを配置します。

```json
{
  "type": "bubble", 
  "body": {
    "type": "box", 
    "layout": "horizontal", 
    "contents": [
      {
        "type": "text", 
        "text": "Hello,"
      },
      {
        "type": "text", 
        "text": "World!"
      }
    ]
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Get a List of Created Coupons

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/send-coupons-to-users

Retrieve a list of all created coupons, including their IDs and titles. This list can be filtered by status to get only active or closed coupons.

```curl
curl -v -X GET https://api.line.me/v2/bot/coupon \
-H 'Authorization: Bearer {channel access token}'
```

```json
{
  "items": [
    {
      "couponId": "01JZMWQ9HMDW9ENJP4C167CXP8",
      "title": "年末年始クーポン"
    },
    {
      "couponId": "01JZA9NPPFDJ3RFG8NA9DJ0NQT",
      "title": "友だち限定クーポン"
    }
  ]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Example JWT

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/generate-json-web-token

This is an example of a fully formed JWT, which is a Base64 encoded string representing the signed header and claims. It is generated using a private key and a specified algorithm.

```sh
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6IjJjNjU4NWYzLThkZGQtNDZjNC05YmUyLWI1NGE3MGFhOTRlYSJ9.eyJpc3MiOiIxNjUzOTQ3MTcyIiwic3ViIjoiMTY1Mzk0NzE3MiIsImF1ZCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXBpLmxpbmUubWUvIiwiZXhwIjoiMTU4NTIwMDA2MiIsInRva2VuX2V4cCI6IjI1OTIwMDAifQ.UVG6PAEub-OPbZ3nJuVxRRPjY6Sz_eIHJV9DTTAHCR79YsG4yWvoa9AeIctibb6IJQKgTEV7mF7LsUDmXldEDqYwyEmKs38zj_995Ntc9SYBFphHpr09NqfMoqMphwKqms2NOnqgcHreFs27d9Q0Qv8Rtv2t7SB2cVO__KrsjzYNs3miTvDdkqYLXFo5fXwuzNtHOCAJomd6bhMR8Yd1-vJmtMCBPK4hmA98w8fG_NhcyLbw-B9AuxQ6z92zXiRhNyPlK_3ce2T7HtgUluJ4xJl4xdLJ_C6hvTAqtQxmSiJKzbjUiANF6hVBTomU8vkaIjEKjnlT1uPMihfrsA3pzQ
```

--------------------------------

### Create Rich Menu B with Switching and URI Actions

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/switch-rich-menus/index.html.md

Use this to create a rich menu with specific tap areas. The left area switches to another rich menu alias, and the right area opens a URI. Ensure the 'richmenu-alias-a' exists before using this.

```sh
curl -v -X POST https://api.line.me/v2/bot/richmenu \
-H 'Authorization: Bearer {channel access token}' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d \
'{ \
    "size": { \
        "width": 2500, \
        "height": 1686 \
    }, \
    "selected": false, \
    "name": "richmenu-b", \
    "chatBarText": "Tap to open", \
    "areas": [ \
        { \
            "bounds": { \
                "x": 0, \
                "y": 0, \
                "width": 1250, \
                "height": 1686 \
            }, \
            "action": { \
                "type": "richmenuswitch", \
                "richMenuAliasId": "richmenu-alias-a", \
                "data": "richmenu-changed-to-a" \
            } \
        }, \
        { \
            "bounds": { \
                "x": 1251, \
                "y": 0, \
                "width": 1250, \
                "height": 1686 \
            }, \
            "action": { \
                "type": "uri", \
                "uri": "https://techblog.lycorp.co.jp/" \
            } \
        } \
    ] \
}'
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Port and Token Environment Variables

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/nodejs-sample

Set up environment variables for the server port (`PORT`) and the LINE channel access token (`LINE_ACCESS_TOKEN`) in `index.js`.

```javascript
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
const TOKEN = process.env.LINE_ACCESS_TOKEN;

```

--------------------------------

### Create Rich Menu B

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/switch-rich-menus/index.html.md

Creates a new rich menu with specified size, name, and interactive areas. This example demonstrates setting up areas for switching to another rich menu and opening a URI.

```APIDOC
## POST /v2/bot/richmenu

### Description
Creates a rich menu.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
https://api.line.me/v2/bot/richmenu

### Request Body
- **size** (object) - Required - Dimensions of the rich menu.
  - **width** (integer) - Required - Width of the rich menu.
  - **height** (integer) - Required - Height of the rich menu.
- **selected** (boolean) - Required - Whether the rich menu is selected by default.
- **name** (string) - Required - Name of the rich menu.
- **chatBarText** (string) - Required - Text displayed on the chat bar.
- **areas** (array) - Required - Tappable areas within the rich menu.
  - **bounds** (object) - Required - Defines the boundaries of a tappable area.
    - **x** (integer) - Required - X coordinate of the top-left corner.
    - **y** (integer) - Required - Y coordinate of the top-left corner.
    - **width** (integer) - Required - Width of the area.
    - **height** (integer) - Required - Height of the area.
  - **action** (object) - Required - Action to perform when the area is tapped.
    - **type** (string) - Required - Type of action (e.g., `richmenuswitch`, `uri`).
    - **richMenuAliasId** (string) - Optional - Alias ID of the rich menu to switch to (for `richmenuswitch` action).
    - **data** (string) - Optional - Data to send with the action (for `richmenuswitch` action).
    - **uri** (string) - Optional - URI to open (for `uri` action).

### Request Example
```json
{
    "size": {
        "width": 2500,
        "height": 1686
    },
    "selected": false,
    "name": "richmenu-b",
    "chatBarText": "Tap to open",
    "areas": [
        {
            "bounds": {
                "x": 0,
                "y": 0,
                "width": 1250,
                "height": 1686
            },
            "action": {
                "type": "richmenuswitch",
                "richMenuAliasId": "richmenu-alias-a",
                "data": "richmenu-changed-to-a"
            }
        },
        {
            "bounds": {
                "x": 1251,
                "y": 0,
                "width": 1250,
                "height": 1686
            },
            "action": {
                "type": "uri",
                "uri": "https://techblog.lycorp.co.jp/"
            }
        }
    ]
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **richMenuId** (string) - The ID of the created rich menu.
```

--------------------------------

### Postback Action to Open Keyboard with FillInText

Source: https://developers.line.biz/ja/docs/messaging-api/try-rich-menu/index.html.md

Use this to open the keyboard and pre-fill it with specified text, useful for forms or structured input.

```json
{"type":"postback","label":"キーボードを開くフィルインテキストあり","data":"actionId=","inputOption":"openKeyboard","fillInText":"---\予約番号: \予約メニュー番号: \n予約日時: \n---"}
```