### Install CodeIgniter

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/guides/api/index.html

Installs CodeIgniter using Composer and starts the development server.

```bash
composer create-project codeigniter4/appstarter books-api
cd books-api
php spark serve

```

--------------------------------

### Project Folder Structure Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/installation/running.html

Example of project folder structure for VirtualHost setup.

```tree
apache2/
   ├── myproject/      (Project Folder)
   │      └── public/  (DocumentRoot for myproject.local)
   └── htdocs/

```

--------------------------------

### Performing Setup Logic with mount()

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/outgoing/view_cells.html

Example of implementing a mount() method in a View Cell to perform setup logic before rendering.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Cells;

use CodeIgniter\View\Cells\Cell;

class RecentPostsCell extends Cell
{
    protected $posts;

    public function mount(): void
    {
        $this->posts = model('PostModel')->orderBy('created_at', 'DESC')->findAll(10);
    }
}

```

--------------------------------

### Initializing the Database Class

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/examples.html

Loads and initializes the database class based on configuration settings.

```php
<?php

$db = \Config\Database::connect();

```

--------------------------------

### getStartTime() Method Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/queries.html

Demonstrates retrieving the execution start time of a query.

```php
<?php

$microtime = $query->getStartTime();


```

--------------------------------

### Running Multiple Applications - Zip File Installation Structure Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/managing_apps.html

Example of a project directory structure when installing CodeIgniter from a Zip file for multiple applications.

```plaintext
blog/
shop/
codeigniter4/system/

```

--------------------------------

### Test Class with Parent Setup Call

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/testing/overview.html

Example of a test class that correctly calls the parent setup method.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;

final class UserModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
{
    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp(); // Do not forget

        helper('text');
    }

    // ...
}

```

--------------------------------

### Running Multiple Applications - Directory Structure Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/managing_apps.html

Example of a project directory structure for running multiple applications with one CodeIgniter installation.

```plaintext
blog/
    app/
    public/
    tests/
    writable/
    env
    phpunit.dist.xml
    spark
shop/
    app/
    public/
    tests/
    writable/
    env
    phpunit.dist.xml
    spark
vendor/
    autoload.php
    codeigniter4/framework/
composer.json
composer.lock

```

--------------------------------

### getServer Examples

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/incomingrequest.html

Examples of retrieving server data by a single key or multiple keys.

```php
<?php

$request->getServer('some_data');

?>
```

```php
<?php

$request->getServer(['SERVER_PROTOCOL', 'REQUEST_URI']);

?>
```

--------------------------------

### Start FrankenPHP Server

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/installation/running.html

Command to start the FrankenPHP server.

```bash
frankenphp run

```

--------------------------------

### initialize() Method Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/models/model.html

An example of extending the `initialize()` method to perform additional setup, such as appending custom fields to the model's allowed fields.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Modules\Authentication\Models\UserAuthModel;

class UserModel extends UserAuthModel
{
    // ...

    /**
     * Called during initialization. Appends
     * our custom field to the module's model.
     */
    protected function initialize()
    {
        $this->allowedFields[] = 'middlename';
    }
}


```

--------------------------------

### FileHandler Driver - Directory Setup

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html

Example commands for creating and securing the session save directory for the FileHandler driver.

```bash
mkdir /<path to your application directory>/writable/sessions/
chmod 0700 /<path to your application directory>/writable/sessions/
chown www-data /<path to your application directory>/writable/sessions/

```

--------------------------------

### Set Development Mode

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/guides/api/index.html

Copies the environment file and enables development settings.

```bash
cp env .env

```

--------------------------------

### AppInfo Command Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/cli/cli_commands.html

An example of a command that displays PHP and CodeIgniter version information, along with path details.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Commands;

use CodeIgniter\CLI\BaseCommand;
use CodeIgniter\CLI\CLI;

class AppInfo extends BaseCommand
{
    // ...

    public function run(array $params)
    {
        CLI::write('PHP Version: ' . CLI::color(PHP_VERSION, 'yellow'));
        CLI::write('CI Version: ' . CLI::color(\CodeIgniter\CodeIgniter::CI_VERSION, 'yellow'));
        CLI::write('APPPATH: ' . CLI::color(APPPATH, 'yellow'));
        CLI::write('SYSTEMPATH: ' . CLI::color(SYSTEMPATH, 'yellow'));
        CLI::write('ROOTPATH: ' . CLI::color(ROOTPATH, 'yellow'));
        CLI::write('Included files: ' . CLI::color(count(get_included_files()), 'yellow'));
    }
}


```

--------------------------------

### File Sync Example - Downloading from URI

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/publisher.html

Extends the file sync example to download a remote resource from a URI and publish it.

```php
$publisher->addUri('https://example.com/feeds/daily_photo.jpg')->copy(true);
```

--------------------------------

### Authentication Trait Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/testing/overview.html

Example of using a trait to consolidate setup logic for test cases, specifically for authentication.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Traits;

trait AuthTrait
{
    protected function setUpAuthTrait()
    {
        $user = $this->createFakeUser();
        $this->logInUser($user);
    }

    // ...
}

```

```php
<?php

namespace Tests;

use App\Traits\AuthTrait;
use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;

final class AuthenticationFeatureTest extends CIUnitTestCase
{
    use AuthTrait;

    // ...
}

```

--------------------------------

### Asset Dependencies Example - Composer and Spark Commands

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/publisher.html

Commands to install Bootstrap via Composer and then run the CodeIgniter publish command.

```bash
composer require twbs/bootstrap
php spark publish

```

--------------------------------

### Set Development Environment using spark

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/guides/api/index.html

Sets the environment to development using the spark command.

```bash
php spark env development

```

--------------------------------

### Module Deployment Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/publisher.html

An example of a custom publish command for a module to allow developers to inject components into an application.

```php
<?php

namespace Math\Auth\Commands;

use CodeIgniter\CLI\BaseCommand;
use CodeIgniter\Publisher\Publisher;
use Throwable;

class AuthPublish extends BaseCommand
{
    protected $group       = 'Auth';
    protected $name        = 'auth:publish';
    protected $description = 'Publish Auth components into the current application.';

    public function run(array $params)
    {
        // Use the Autoloader to figure out the module path
        $source = service('autoloader')->getNamespace('Math\\Auth')[0];

        $publisher = new Publisher($source, APPPATH);

        try {
            // Add only the desired components
            $publisher->addPaths([
                'Controllers',
                'Database/Migrations',
                'Models',
            ])->merge(false); // Be careful not to overwrite anything
        } catch (Throwable $e) {
            $this->showError($e);

            return;
        }

        // If publication succeeded then update namespaces
        foreach ($publisher->getPublished() as $file) {
            // Replace the namespace
            $contents = file_get_contents($file);
            $contents = str_replace('namespace Math\\Auth', 'namespace ' . APP_NAMESPACE, $contents);
            file_put_contents($file, $contents);
        }
    }
}

```

--------------------------------

### make:scaffold Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/cli/cli_generators.html

Example command to scaffold a complete set of stock code for a 'user' resource.

```bash
php spark make:scaffold user

```

--------------------------------

### getGetPost Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/incomingrequest.html

Example of how to retrieve a field from both GET and POST streams, prioritizing GET.

```php
<?php

$request->getGetPost('field1');

?>
```

--------------------------------

### getUserAgent Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/incomingrequest.html

Example of how to get the User Agent instance.

```php
<?php

$request->getUserAgent();

?>
```

--------------------------------

### Run Migrations

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/guides/api/database-setup.html

Command to execute the database migrations.

```bash
php spark migrate
```

--------------------------------

### Making a GET Request

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/curlrequest.html

Example of making a GET request to an API endpoint with authentication.

```php
<?php

$client = service('curlrequest');

$response = $client->request('GET', 'https://api.github.com/user', [
    'auth' => ['user', 'pass'],
]);


```

--------------------------------

### Install App Starter

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/installation/installing_composer.html

Creates a new CodeIgniter 4 project using the app starter repository.

```bash
composer create-project codeigniter4/appstarter project-root

```

--------------------------------

### getPostGet Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/incomingrequest.html

Example of how to retrieve a field from both POST and GET streams, prioritizing POST.

```php
<?php

$request->getPostGet('field1');

?>
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiating a Library

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/modules.html

Example of how to instantiate a library using its fully-qualified class name.

```php
<?php

$lib = new \Acme\Blog\Libraries\BlogLib();


```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving Multiple GET Parameters

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/incomingrequest.html

This example demonstrates how to retrieve an array of specific GET parameters.

```php
<?php

$request->getGet(['field1', 'field2']);

?>
```

--------------------------------

### Install AppStarter using Composer

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/guides/first-app/index.html

Installs the CodeIgniter AppStarter package to create a new project folder named 'ci-news'.

```bash
composer create-project codeigniter4/appstarter ci-news

```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving All GET Data with Filter

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/incomingrequest.html

This example shows how to retrieve all GET parameters and apply a filter to each of them.

```php
<?php

$request->getGet(null, FILTER_SANITIZE_FULL_SPECIAL_CHARS);
// returns all GET items with string sanitation

?>
```

--------------------------------

### Filtering GET Data

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/incomingrequest.html

This example demonstrates how to retrieve a GET parameter and apply a filter to sanitize it.

```php
<?php

$request->getGet('some_data', FILTER_SANITIZE_FULL_SPECIAL_CHARS);

?>
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving GET Data

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/incomingrequest.html

This example shows how to retrieve a specific GET parameter. If the parameter does not exist, null is returned.

```php
<?php

$request->getGet('some_data');

?>
```

--------------------------------

### Host

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/uri.html

Demonstrates setting and getting the host of a URI.

```php
<?php

$uri = new \CodeIgniter\HTTP\URI('http://www.example.com/some/path');

echo $uri->getHost();   // www.example.com
echo $uri->setHost('anotherexample.com')->getHost();    // anotherexample.com


```

--------------------------------

### Path

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/uri.html

Demonstrates setting and getting the path of a URI.

```php
<?php

$uri = new \CodeIgniter\HTTP\URI('http://www.example.com/some/path');

echo $uri->getPath();                            // '/some/path'
echo $uri->setPath('/another/path')->getPath();  // '/another/path'


```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving Multiple Filtered GET Parameters

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/incomingrequest.html

This example shows how to retrieve an array of specific GET parameters and apply a filter to them.

```php
<?php

$request->getGet(['field1', 'field2'], FILTER_SANITIZE_FULL_SPECIAL_CHARS);

?>
```

--------------------------------

### Allowing Redirects

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/curlrequest.html

Example of enabling redirects for a GET request.

```php
<?php

$client->request('GET', 'http://example.com', ['allow_redirects' => true]);
/*
 * Sets the following defaults:
 *   'max'       => 5,                // Maximum number of redirects to follow before stopping
 *   'strict'    => true,             // Ensure POST requests stay POST requests through redirects
 *   'protocols' => ['http', 'https'] // Restrict redirects to one or more protocols
 */


```

--------------------------------

### PHP Preload Configuration Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/installation/deployment.html

Example of a PHP preload script configuration, showing how to set the include path for CodeIgniter.

```php
<?php

// ...

class preload
{
    /**
     * @var array Paths to preload.
     */
    private array $paths = [
        [
            'include' => __DIR__ . '/system', // <== change this line to where CI is installed
            // ...
        ],
    ];

    // ...
}

// ...


```

--------------------------------

### GET Route with Parameters

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/routing.html

This example demonstrates how to define a GET route that passes parameters to the controller method. The first example shows a simple call to a list method, while the second shows passing numeric parameters.

```php
<?php

// Calls $Users->list()
$routes->get('users', 'Users::list');

// Calls $Users->list(1, 23)
$routes->get('users/1/23', 'Users::list/1/23');

```

--------------------------------

### Disabling Redirects

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/curlrequest.html

Example of explicitly disabling redirects for a GET request.

```php
<?php

$client->request('GET', 'http://example.com', ['allow_redirects' => false]);


```

--------------------------------

### Timer::start()

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/testing/benchmark.html

Starts a timer with a given name.

```php
<?php

$benchmark = service('timer');
$benchmark->start('render view');

```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving Session Data using get() method

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html

Example of retrieving a session item using the session object's get() method.

```php
<?php

$name = $session->get('name');

```

--------------------------------

### Calling parent setUp() and tearDown() methods

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/testing/database.html

When overriding `setUp()` and `tearDown()` methods, it's crucial to call the parent methods to retain the functionality provided by `DatabaseTestTrait`.

```php
<?php

namespace App\Database;

use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
use CodeIgniter\Test\DatabaseTestTrait;

class MyTests extends CIUnitTestCase
{
    use DatabaseTestTrait;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp();

        // Do something here....
    }

    protected function tearDown(): void
    {
        parent::tearDown();

        // Do something here....
    }
}

```

--------------------------------

### Basic GET Route

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/routing.html

This example shows a basic GET route definition, mapping the root URL to the index method of the Home controller.

```php
<?php

$routes->get('/', 'Home::index');

```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving Headers

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/curlrequest.html

Examples of how to get specific headers or all headers from a Response object.

```php
<?php

// Get a header line
echo $response->getHeaderLine('Content-Type');

// Get all headers
foreach ($response->headers() as $name => $value) {
    echo $name . ': ' . $response->getHeaderLine($name) . "\n";
}


```

--------------------------------

### CodeIgniter Version 3.x Configuration Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/installation/upgrade_configuration.html

Example of a configuration file in CodeIgniter 3.x.

```php
<?php

defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');

$siteName  = 'My Great Site';
$siteEmail = 'webmaster@example.com';


```

--------------------------------

### Loading the Security Library

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/security.html

Demonstrates how to load the Security library using the Services file.

```php
<?php

$security = service('security');


```

--------------------------------

### Configure SQLite

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/guides/api/index.html

Configures the database connection to use SQLite.

```ini
database.default.DBDriver = SQLite3
database.default.database = database.db
database.default.DBPrefix = 
database.default.username = 
database.default.password = 
database.default.hostname = 
database.default.port     = 

```

--------------------------------

### getDuration() Method Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/queries.html

Shows how to get the duration of a query execution in seconds with microseconds.

```php
<?php

$microtime = $query->getDuration();


```

--------------------------------

### Start Development Server

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/guides/api/first-endpoint.html

Command to start the CodeIgniter development server.

```bash
php spark serve

```

--------------------------------

### getFieldCount() Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/results.html

Demonstrates how to get the number of fields (columns) returned by a query.

```php
<?php

$query = $db->query('SELECT * FROM my_table');

echo $query->getFieldCount();


```

--------------------------------

### config:check command output example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/configuration.html

Example output of the config:check command for the Config\App instance.

```text
Config\App#6 (12) (
    public 'baseURL' -> string (22) "http://localhost:8080/"
    public 'allowedHostnames' -> array (0) []
    public 'indexPage' -> string (9) "index.php"
    public 'uriProtocol' -> string (11) "REQUEST_URI"
    public 'defaultLocale' -> string (2) "en"
    public 'negotiateLocale' -> boolean false
    public 'supportedLocales' -> array (1) [
        0 => string (2) "en"
    ]
    public 'appTimezone' -> string (3) "UTC"
    public 'charset' -> string (5) "UTF-8"
    public 'forceGlobalSecureRequests' -> boolean false
    public 'proxyIPs' -> array (0) []
    public 'CSPEnabled' -> boolean false
)

Config Caching: Disabled

```

--------------------------------

### GET Route to Default Controller Method

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/routing.html

This example shows a GET route where the URL segment 'journals' maps to the default index() method of the Blogs controller.

```php
<?php

$routes->get('journals', 'Blogs');

```

--------------------------------

### getNumRows() Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/results.html

Illustrates how to get the total number of records (rows) returned by a query.

```php
<?php

$query = $db->query('SELECT * FROM my_table');

echo $query->getNumRows();


```

--------------------------------

### Using Prefixes in .env File

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/encryption.html

Shows how to use 'hex2bin:' and 'base64:' prefixes in the .env file for encryption keys.

```ini
// For hex2bin
encryption.key = hex2bin:<your-hex-encoded-key>

// or
encryption.key = base64:<your-base64-encoded-key>

```

--------------------------------

### Query Builder Insert

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/examples.html

Uses the Query Builder to insert data into a table.

```php
<?php

$data = [
    'title' => $title,
    'name'  => $name,
    'date'  => $date,
];

$db->table('mytable')->insert($data);
// Produces: INSERT INTO mytable (title, name, date) VALUES ('{$title}', '{$name}', '{$date}')


```

--------------------------------

### Create Migrations

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/guides/api/database-setup.html

Commands to generate migration files for 'authors' and 'books' tables.

```bash
php spark make:migration CreateAuthorsTable
php spark make:migration CreateBooksTable
```

--------------------------------

### Getting a Specific Row as a Custom Object

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/results.html

Example of fetching a specific row as an instance of a custom class.

```php
<?php

$query = $db->query('SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1;');
$row   = $query->getRow(0, "App\Entities\User"::class);

echo $row->name;           // access attributes
echo $row->reverse_name(); // or methods defined on the 'User' class


```

--------------------------------

### Setting Up Database Table with Command

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html

CLI commands to generate and run a session migration.

```bash
php spark make:migration --session
php spark migrate

```

--------------------------------

### Query Builder Query

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/examples.html

Uses the Query Builder to retrieve all results from a specified table.

```php
<?php

$query = $db->table('table_name')->get();

foreach ($query->getResult() as $row) {
    echo $row->title;
}

```

--------------------------------

### Loading a View

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/modules.html

Example of how to load a view using its class namespace.

```php
<?php

echo view('Acme\Blog\Views\index');


```

--------------------------------

### clearScreen() Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/cli/cli_library.html

Shows how to clear the terminal screen using the clearScreen() method.

```php
<?php

use CodeIgniter\CLI\CLI;

CLI::clearScreen();


```

--------------------------------

### Getting Query Results as a Pure Array

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/results.html

Example of using getResultArray() to fetch query results as a pure array.

```php
<?php

$query = $db->query('YOUR QUERY');

foreach ($query->getResultArray() as $row) {
    echo $row['title'];
    echo $row['name'];
    echo $row['body'];
}


```

--------------------------------

### write_file() - Basic Usage

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/filesystem_helper.html

This example demonstrates the basic usage of the write_file() function to write data to a file. If the file does not exist, it will be created.

```php
<?php

$data = 'Some file data';

if (! write_file('./path/to/file.php', $data)) {
    echo 'Unable to write the file';
} else {
    echo 'File written!';
}

```

--------------------------------

### Standard Insert

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/examples.html

Performs a standard SQL insert operation and returns the number of affected rows.

```php
<?php

$sql = 'INSERT INTO mytable (title, name) VALUES (' . $db->escape($title) . ', ' . $db->escape($name) . ')';
$db->query($sql);
echo $db->affectedRows();

```

--------------------------------

### CLI Arguments Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/cli/cli_commands.html

Demonstrates how the $params array is populated based on CLI arguments.

```php
<?php

$params = ['bar', 'baz'];


```

--------------------------------

### Loading the Filesystem Helper

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/filesystem_helper.html

This helper is loaded using the following code:

```php
<?php

helper('filesystem');


```

--------------------------------

### Retrieving All Session Data

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html

Examples of retrieving all session data using $_SESSION or the session object's get() method.

```php
<?php

$userData = $_SESSION;
// or:
$userData = $session->get();

```

--------------------------------

### Loading a Helper

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/modules.html

Example of how to load a helper function using the `helper()` function.

```php
<?php

helper('blog');


```

--------------------------------

### Loading the Encryption Service

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/encryption.html

Demonstrates how to load the Encryption Service using the `service()` function.

```php
<?php

$encrypter = service('encrypter');

```

--------------------------------

### Standard Query With Single Result

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/examples.html

Executes a standard SQL query and retrieves a single result as an object.

```php
<?php

$query = $db->query('SELECT name FROM my_table LIMIT 1');
$row   = $query->getRow();
echo $row->name;

```

--------------------------------

### Get Compiled Upsert Query

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/query_builder.html

Example of compiling an upsert query to SQL string without running it, using `getCompiledUpsert()`.

```php
<?php

$data = [
    'email'   => 'ahmadinejad@example.com',
    'name'    => 'Ahmadinejad',
    'country' => 'Iran',
];

$sql = $builder->setData($data)->getCompiledUpsert();
echo $sql;
/* MySQLi produces:
    INSERT INTO `db_user` (`country`, `email`, `name`)
    VALUES ('Iran','ahmadinejad@example.com','Ahmadinejad')
    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
    `country` = VALUES(`country`),
    `email` = VALUES(`email`),
    `name` = VALUES(`name`)
*/

```

--------------------------------

### table() Example

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/cli/cli_library.html

Provides an example of how to display data in a formatted table using the table() method.

```php
<?php

use CodeIgniter\CLI\CLI;

$thead = ['ID', 'Title', 'Updated At', 'Active'];
$tbody = [
    [7, 'A great item title', '2017-11-15 10:35:02', 1],
    [8, 'Another great item title', '2017-11-16 13:46:54', 0],
];

CLI::table($tbody, $thead);


```

--------------------------------

### Invalid Route Example (Auto Routing Improved)

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/routing.html

This table illustrates an invalid route starting with 'x' when using Auto Routing (Improved).

```text
+-----------+----------------+------+-------------------------------------+----------------+---------------+
| Method    | Route          | Name | Handler                             | Before Filters | After Filters |
+-----------+----------------+------+-------------------------------------+----------------+---------------+
| GET(auto) | x home/foo     |      | \App\Controllers\Home::getFoo       | <unknown>      | <unknown>     |
+-----------+----------------+------+-------------------------------------+----------------+---------------+

```

--------------------------------

### Fragment

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/uri.html

Demonstrates setting and getting the fragment of a URI.

```php
$uri = new \CodeIgniter\HTTP\URI('http://www.example.com/some/path#first-heading');

echo $uri->getFragment();   // 'first-heading'
echo $uri->setFragment('second-heading')->getFragment();    // 'second-heading'


```

--------------------------------

### Standard Query With Single Result (Array version)

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/examples.html

Executes a standard SQL query and retrieves a single result as an array.

```php
<?php

$query = $db->query('SELECT name FROM my_table LIMIT 1');
$row   = $query->getRowArray();
echo $row['name'];

```

--------------------------------

### Install Previous Version

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/installation/installing_composer.html

Installs a specific previous version of the CodeIgniter 4 app starter.

```bash
composer create-project codeigniter4/appstarter:4.4.8 project-root

```

--------------------------------

### Instantiating a Model

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/modules.html

Example of how to instantiate a model using its fully-qualified class name.

```php
<?php

$model = new \Acme\Blog\Models\PostModel();


```

--------------------------------

### Standard Query With Multiple Results (Array Version)

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/examples.html

Executes a standard SQL query and retrieves results as an array of arrays.

```php
<?php

$query   = $db->query('SELECT name, title, email FROM my_table');
$results = $query->getResultArray();

foreach ($results as $row) {
    echo $row['title'];
    echo $row['name'];
    echo $row['email'];
}

```

--------------------------------

### Standard Query With Multiple Results (Object Version)

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/examples.html

Executes a standard SQL query and retrieves results as an array of objects.

```php
<?php

$query   = $db->query('SELECT name, title, email FROM my_table');
$results = $query->getResult();

foreach ($results as $row) {
    echo $row->title;
    echo $row->name;
    echo $row->email;
}

echo 'Total Results: ' . count($results);

```

--------------------------------

### Route with Multiple HTTP Verbs

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/routing.html

This example demonstrates using the match() method to allow a route to respond to multiple HTTP verbs (GET and PUT in this case).

```php
<?php

$routes->match(['GET', 'PUT'], 'products', 'Product::feature');

```

--------------------------------

### Toolbar Configuration

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/testing/debugging.html

Example of how to configure the Toolbar by specifying which collectors to include in the app/Config/Toolbar.php file.

```php
<?php

namespace Config;

use CodeIgniter\Config\BaseConfig;

class Toolbar extends BaseConfig
{
    public $collectors = [
        \CodeIgniter\Debug\Toolbar\Collectors\Timers::class,
        \CodeIgniter\Debug\Toolbar\Collectors\Database::class,
        \CodeIgniter\Debug\Toolbar\Collectors\Logs::class,
        \CodeIgniter\Debug\Toolbar\Collectors\Views::class,
        \CodeIgniter\Debug\Toolbar\Collectors\Cache::class,
        \CodeIgniter\Debug\Toolbar\Collectors\Files::class,
        \CodeIgniter\Debug\Toolbar\Collectors\Routes::class,
        \CodeIgniter\Debug\Toolbar\Collectors\Events::class,
    ];
    // ...
}


```

--------------------------------

### Padding Output

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/cli/cli_commands.html

An example of using setPad() to align output for command options.

```php
use CodeIgniter\CLI\CLI;

$length = max(array_map('strlen', array_keys($this->options)));

foreach ($this->options as $option => $description) {
    CLI::write(CLI::color($this->setPad($option, $length, 2, 2), 'green') . $description);
}
/*
 * Output will be:
 *  -n     Set migration namespace
 *  -g     Set database group
 *  --all  Set for all namespaces, will ignore (-n) option
 */


```

--------------------------------

### GET Route with Segment Placeholder

Source: https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/incoming/routing.html

This example uses a (:segment) placeholder to match any value in the second URL segment and pass it to the productLookup method of the Catalog controller.

```php
<?php

$routes->get('product/(:segment)', 'Catalog::productLookup');

```