### Install and Verify Valkey on a New AL2023 Instance

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/redis6-to-valkey-al2023

Steps to install, start, enable on boot, and verify Valkey on a new Amazon Linux 2023 instance. This option is suitable for new deployments or when data migration from Redis 6 is not required.

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install valkey
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo systemctl start valkey
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo systemctl enable valkey
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ valkey-cli info server
[ec2-user ~]$ valkey-cli ping
```

--------------------------------

### Perform In-Place Valkey Replacement for Redis 6 on AL2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/redis6-to-valkey-al2023

Steps to replace an existing Redis 6 instance with Valkey on Amazon Linux 2023. This option is for scenarios where data persistence from the old Redis 6 instance is not required. It includes stopping Redis 6, installing Valkey, optionally migrating configuration files, starting Valkey, verifying the installation, and removing Redis 6.

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo systemctl stop redis6
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install valkey
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo cp /etc/redis6/redis6.conf /etc/valkey/valkey.conf
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo cp /etc/valkey/valkey.conf /etc/valkey/valkey.conf.backup
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo chown valkey:root /etc/valkey/valkey.conf
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo sed -i 's|^dir\s.*|dir /var/lib/valkey|g' /etc/valkey/valkey.conf
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo cp /etc/redis6/sentinel.conf /etc/valkey/sentinel.conf
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo chown valkey:root /etc/valkey/sentinel.conf
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo systemctl start valkey
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo systemctl enable valkey
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ valkey-cli info server
[ec2-user ~]$ valkey-cli ping
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf remove redis6
```

--------------------------------

### Install Valkey on Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/redis6-to-valkey-al2023

Installs the Valkey server package using `dnf` without removing any existing Redis 6 installation, allowing for concurrent operation.

```Shell
sudo dnf install valkey
```

--------------------------------

### Start Valkey Service

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/redis6-to-valkey-al2023

Starts the Valkey server service using `systemctl`. Ensure the Valkey configuration port is set to avoid conflicts with Redis 6 before starting.

```Shell
sudo systemctl start valkey
```

--------------------------------

### Install GNOME Desktop Environment on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/installing-gnome-al2023

This command installs the GNOME desktop environment and its related packages on an AL2023 instance using the `dnf` package manager. It requires `sudo` privileges and the `-y` flag automatically confirms all prompts. To access the graphical desktop environment after installation, additional software like Amazon DCV or VNC must be installed and configured.

```bash
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf groupinstall "Desktop" -y
```

--------------------------------

### Example Amazon Linux Package Version Output

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/managing-repos-os-updates

This snippet shows a typical output from an Amazon Linux 2023 system, listing installed package versions for `system-release` and `yum`. The `bash-5.2#` line indicates a shell prompt, providing context for the preceding package information.

```Shell
system-release.noarch               2023.5.20240708-1.amzn2023        amazonlinux
yum.noarch                          4.14.0-1.amzn2023.0.5             amazonlinux
bash-5.2#
```

--------------------------------

### Installing DNF Release Notification Plugin in Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/managing-repos-os-updates

Shows how to install the `dnf-plugin-release-notification` package, which provides the `check-release-update` command. The example uses the `-y` argument to automatically confirm and `-q` for quiet output during the installation process.

```Shell
$ dnf -y -q install 'dnf-command(check-release-update)'
Installed:
  dnf-plugin-release-notification-1.2-1.amzn2023.0.2.noarch
```

--------------------------------

### Start TigerVNC Server Service

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/vnc-configuration-al2023

This command starts the TigerVNC server service for the specified display number (e.g., `:1`) using `systemctl`. This service needs to be started after every instance restart unless configured for automatic boot.

```bash
sudo systemctl start vncserver@:1
```

--------------------------------

### Enable VNC Server to Start Automatically at Boot on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/vnc-configuration-al2023

This command configures the vncserver service to start automatically when your Amazon Linux 2023 instance boots, ensuring the graphical desktop environment is immediately accessible. The display number after @ (e.g., :1) must match the user's configuration in /etc/tigervnc/vncserver.users. The --now argument can be added to start the service immediately after enabling.

```bash
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo systemctl enable vncserver@:1
```

--------------------------------

### Enable and Start kpatch Service on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/live-patching

Enables the `kpatch` service to start automatically at boot and immediately starts it. This service is responsible for loading all applied kernel live patches.

```bash
$ sudo systemctl enable kpatch.service && sudo systemctl start kpatch.service
```

--------------------------------

### Enable Valkey Service on Boot

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/redis6-to-valkey-al2023

Configures the Valkey service to start automatically upon system boot using `systemctl`. This is an optional step for persistent Valkey operation.

```Shell
sudo systemctl enable valkey
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full Curl Package on Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20220824

Instructions to switch from the minimal `curl` package to the full-featured `curl` by installing `curl-full` and `libcurl-full` using `dnf`. This command uses `--allowerasing` to replace the existing minimal package.

```Shell
dnf install --allowerasing curl-full libcurl-full
```

--------------------------------

### Install Libbrotli Compression Library on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/epel

The `libbrotli` package provides the Brotli compression library. It was previously available in EPEL7. This command installs the `libbrotli` package on Amazon Linux 2023.

```shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install libbrotli
```

--------------------------------

### Install Inotify Tools for File System Events on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/epel

The `inotify-tools` package provides command-line tools for monitoring file system events using inotify. It was available in EPEL7. This command installs `inotify-tools` on Amazon Linux 2023, though `systemd` path activation is noted as an alternative.

```shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install inotify-tools
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full-Featured Packages with DNF in Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20221207

Commands to install the full-featured versions of `curl` and `gnupg` packages in Amazon Linux, replacing their minimal default counterparts. The `--allowerasing` flag is used to permit the replacement of existing packages.

```Bash
dnf install --allowerasing curl-full libcurl-full
```

```Bash
dnf install --allowerasing gnupg2-full
```

--------------------------------

### Verify Valkey Installation and Connectivity

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/redis6-to-valkey-al2023

Verifies the Valkey server's status and connectivity using `valkey-cli`. Replace `port` with the actual configured port number (e.g., 6380) to check server information and ping for responsiveness.

```Shell
valkey-cli -p port info server
valkey-cli -p port ping
```

--------------------------------

### Install TigerVNC Server on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/vnc-configuration-al2023

This command installs the TigerVNC server package on Amazon Linux 2023 using `dnf`. The `-y` option automatically confirms the installation, allowing for unattended installation.

```bash
sudo dnf install -y tigervnc-server
```

--------------------------------

### Manually Install collectd-java with No Dependencies

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20230118

Provides a work-around for a known issue where collectd-java installation fails because the Amazon Corretto package does not announce that it provides libjvm.so. The command forces installation by ignoring dependencies.

```Shell
rpm —nodeps -i collectd-java-5.12.0-16.amzn2022.0.1.x86_64.rpm
```

--------------------------------

### Enable DNF Plugin for Kernel Live Patching on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/live-patching

Enables the `kpatch-dnf` plugin and automatically installs the latest kernel live patch RPM from configured repositories. This command sets up the system for live patching.

```bash
$ sudo dnf kernel-livepatch -y auto
```

--------------------------------

### Install Smart-Restart Package on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/managing-repos-os-updates

This command installs the `smart-restart` package using the DNF package manager on Amazon Linux 2023. Once installed, `smart-restart` automatically manages service restarts following subsequent package installations or deletions.

```bash
$ sudo dnf install smart-restart
```

--------------------------------

### Install amazon-efs-utils package on AL2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/efs

This command installs the `amazon-efs-utils` package from the AL2023 repositories using the `dnf` package manager. This utility is essential for accessing Amazon EFS file systems.

```bash
$ dnf -y install amazon-efs-utils
```

--------------------------------

### Shell Commands to Create Dockerfile for Barebones Bash Container

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/barebones-containers

These commands guide the user through creating a new directory and populating a Dockerfile within it. The `cat > Dockerfile <<EOF...EOF` syntax is used to write the multi-line Dockerfile content directly from the shell, preparing the environment for building the minimal bash container.

```Shell
$ mkdir al2023-barebones-bash-example
	$ cd al2023-barebones-bash-example
	$ cat > Dockerfile <<EOF
FROM public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023 as build
RUN mkdir /sysroot
RUN dnf --releasever=$(rpm -q system-release --qf '%{VERSION}') \
  --installroot /sysroot \
  -y \
  --setopt=install_weak_deps=False \
  install bash && dnf --installroot /sysroot clean all

FROM scratch
COPY --from=build /sysroot /
WORKDIR /
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash"]
EOF
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full GnuPG2 Package on Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20220824

Instructions to obtain the full `gnupg` functionality by installing `gnupg2-full` using `dnf`. This command uses `--allowerasing` to replace the existing minimal `gnupg` package.

```Shell
dnf install --allowerasing gnupg2-full
```

--------------------------------

### Install full-featured curl package in Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20230118

This command allows users to switch from the default minimal `curl` package to the full-featured version, which supports a wider range of protocols. It uses the `dnf install --allowerasing` option to replace the existing minimal package with the comprehensive `curl-full` and its associated library `libcurl-full`.

```Shell
dnf install --allowerasing curl-full libcurl-full
```

--------------------------------

### Installing Package with DNF Release Update Warning in Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/managing-repos-os-updates

Demonstrates how DNF notifies users of available newer repository versions during standard package transactions, such as installing the `httpd` package. This output shows the full installation process including dependency resolution, download progress, and transaction summary.

```Shell
$ sudo dnf install httpd -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:16:52 ago on Wed Mar  1 23:21:49 2023.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================
 Package            Arch   Version                Repository   Size
====================================================================
Installing:
 httpd              x86_64 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4  amazonlinux  46 k
Installing dependencies:
 apr                x86_64 1.7.2-2.amzn2023.0.2   amazonlinux 129 k
 apr-util           x86_64 1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1   amazonlinux  98 k
 generic-logos-httpd
                    noarch 18.0.0-12.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux  19 k
 httpd-core         x86_64 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4  amazonlinux 1.3 M
 httpd-filesystem   noarch 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4  amazonlinux  13 k
 httpd-tools        x86_64 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4  amazonlinux  80 k
 libbrotli          x86_64 1.0.9-4.amzn2023.0.2   amazonlinux 315 k
 mailcap            noarch 2.1.49-3.amzn2023.0.3  amazonlinux  33 k
Installing weak dependencies:
 apr-util-openssl   x86_64 1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1   amazonlinux  17 k
 mod_http2          x86_64 1.15.24-1.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 152 k
 mod_lua            x86_64 2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4  amazonlinux  60 k

Transaction Summary
====================================================================
Install  12 Packages

Total download size: 2.3 M
Installed size: 6.8 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/12): apr-util-openssl-1.6.3-1.am 212 kB/s |  17 kB     00:00
(2/12): apr-1.7.2-2.amzn2023.0.2.x8 1.1 MB/s | 129 kB     00:00
(3/12): httpd-core-2.4.54-3.amzn202 8.9 MB/s | 1.3 MB     00:00
(4/12): mod_http2-1.15.24-1.amzn202 1.9 MB/s | 152 kB     00:00
(5/12): apr-util-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0 1.7 MB/s |  98 kB     00:00
(6/12): mod_lua-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0 1.4 MB/s |  60 kB     00:00
(7/12): httpd-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4 1.5 MB/s |  46 kB     00:00
(8/12): libbrotli-1.0.9-4.amzn2023. 4.4 MB/s | 315 kB     00:00
(9/12): mailcap-2.1.49-3.amzn2023.0 753 kB/s |  33 kB     00:00
(10/12): httpd-tools-2.4.54-3.amzn2 978 kB/s |  80 kB     00:00
(11/12): httpd-filesystem-2.4.54-3. 210 kB/s |  13 kB     00:00
(12/12): generic-logos-httpd-18.0.0 439 kB/s |  19 kB     00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                               6.6 MB/s | 2.3 MB     00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                            1/1
  Installing       : apr-1.7.2-2.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64           1/12
  Installing       : apr-util-openssl-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1.    2/12
  Installing       : apr-util-1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64      3/12
  Installing       : mailcap-2.1.49-3.amzn2023.0.3.noarch      4/12
  Installing       : httpd-tools-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4.x86_    5/12
  Installing       : generic-logos-httpd-18.0.0-12.amzn2023    6/12
  Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4    7/12
  Installing       : httpd-filesystem-2.4.54-3.amzn2023.0.4    7/12
```

--------------------------------

### Install kpatch-runtime Package on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/live-patching

Installs the `kpatch-runtime` package, which provides the necessary runtime components for applying and managing kernel live patches.

```bash
$ sudo dnf install -y kpatch-runtime
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full Curl Package on Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20221103

This command installs the full-featured `curl` package and its dependencies, replacing the minimal version. It uses `dnf` with the `--allowerasing` option to handle potential conflicts and ensure a complete installation.

```Shell
dnf install --allowerasing curl-full libcurl-full
```

--------------------------------

### Manually Install collectd-java with rpm

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20221102

This work-around command allows manual installation of the `collectd-java` package by bypassing dependency checks. It is used when the Amazon Corretto package fails to announce `libjvm.so`, preventing a standard installation.

```Shell
rpm —nodeps -i collectd-java-5.12.0-16.amzn2022.0.1.x86_64.rpm
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full GnuPG Package on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20221101

This shell command installs the complete `gnupg2-full` package on Amazon Linux 2023, providing full GnuPG functionality. The default `gnupg` package is minimal, primarily for RPM verification. The `--allowerasing` flag is used to replace the minimal `gnupg` package with the full version.

```Shell
dnf install --allowerasing gnupg2-full
```

--------------------------------

### Dockerfile for Barebones Bash Container on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/barebones-containers

This Dockerfile demonstrates a multi-stage build process to create an extremely minimal container image containing only the bash shell and its core dependencies. It uses an Amazon Linux 2023 'build' stage to install packages into a /sysroot using dnf --installroot and then copies only the necessary files into a FROM scratch final image. The --setopt=install_weak_deps=False option ensures only strictly required dependencies are included.

```Dockerfile
FROM public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023 as build
RUN mkdir /sysroot
RUN dnf --releasever=$(rpm -q system-release --qf '%{VERSION}') \
  --installroot /sysroot \
  -y \
  --setopt=install_weak_deps=False \
  install bash

FROM scratch
COPY --from=build /sysroot /
WORKDIR /
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash"]
```

--------------------------------

### Install stress-ng package on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/resource-limiting-systemd

Ensures the `stress-ng` package is installed on your AL2023 instance, which is used in subsequent examples to simulate CPU-heavy applications.

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install -y stress-ng
```

--------------------------------

### Install full gnupg functionality in Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20230118

This command installs the `gnupg2-full` package, providing complete GPG functionality beyond the minimal version included by default in Amazon Linux. It uses `dnf install --allowerasing` to replace the existing minimal `gnupg` package, enabling full cryptographic capabilities.

```Shell
dnf install --allowerasing gnupg2-full
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full gnupg Functionality on Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20221019

This `dnf` command enables users to install the complete `gnupg` suite, replacing the minimal version. The `--allowerasing` flag ensures a smooth transition by allowing the removal of conflicting packages.

```Linux Shell
dnf install --allowerasing gnupg2-full
```

--------------------------------

### Install full gnupg functionality on Amazon Linux 2022

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20220817

Instructions to install the full 'gnupg' functionality using the 'dnf' package manager, replacing the default minimal version on Amazon Linux 2022.

```bash
dnf install --allowerasing gnupg2-full
```

--------------------------------

### Confirm Kernel Live Patching DNF Plugin Installation on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/live-patching

Verifies the successful installation of the kernel live patching DNF plugin by listing related RPM packages. A successful installation will show the initial empty kernel live patch RPM and the repository setup RPM.

```bash
$ sudo rpm -qa | grep kernel-livepatch
kernel-livepatch-repo-s3-2023.7.20250428-0.amzn2023.noarch
kernel-livepatch-6.1.134-150.224-1.0-0.amzn2023.x86_64
```

--------------------------------

### Upgrade Amazon Linux 2023 Packages with dnf to Latest Release

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/security-inplace-update

This snippet demonstrates how to use the `dnf upgrade` command to update packages to the latest Amazon Linux 2023 release, specifically targeting an advisory (ALAS2023-2023-193). It shows the process of resolving dependencies, downloading, installing, and cleaning up packages, illustrating how new dependencies like `libpsl` and `publicsuffix-list-dafsa` are brought in during the upgrade of `curl-minimal`.

```Shell
$ dnf upgrade -y --releasever=latest --advisory ALAS2023-2023-193
Amazon Linux 2023 repository                     80 MB/s |  25 MB     00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:04 ago on Mon Jul 22 20:48:38 2024.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                   Arch     Version                 Repository     Size
================================================================================
Upgrading:
 curl-minimal              x86_64   8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4    amazonlinux   160 k
 libcurl-minimal           x86_64   8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4    amazonlinux   275 k
 libnghttp2                x86_64   1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1   amazonlinux    79 k
Installing dependencies:
 libpsl                    x86_64   0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2   amazonlinux    61 k
 publicsuffix-list-dafsa   noarch   20240212-61.amzn2023    amazonlinux    59 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  2 Packages
Upgrade  3 Packages

Total download size: 634 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20240212-61.amzn 1.1 MB/s |  59 kB     00:00
(2/5): curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64 2.6 MB/s | 160 kB     00:00
(3/5): libpsl-0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64.rpm  949 kB/s |  61 kB     00:00
(4/5): libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64. 3.7 MB/s |  79 kB     00:00
(5/5): libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86 6.7 MB/s | 275 kB     00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           3.5 MB/s | 634 kB     00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1
  Upgrading        : libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64                1/8
  Installing       : publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20240212-61.amzn2023.noarch    2/8
  Installing       : libpsl-0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64                    3/8
  Upgrading        : libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64            4/8
  Upgrading        : curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64               5/8
  Cleanup          : curl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64              6/8
  Cleanup          : libcurl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64           7/8
  Cleanup          : libnghttp2-1.51.0-1.amzn2023.x86_64                    8/8
  Running scriptlet: libnghttp2-1.51.0-1.amzn2023.x86_64                    8/8
  Verifying        : libpsl-0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64                    1/8
  Verifying        : publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20240212-61.amzn2023.noarch    2/8
  Verifying        : curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64               3/8
  Verifying        : curl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64              4/8
  Verifying        : libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64            5/8
  Verifying        : libcurl-minimal-7.88.1-1.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64           6/8
  Verifying        : libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64                7/8
  Verifying        : libnghttp2-1.51.0-1.amzn2023.x86_64                    8/8

Upgraded:
  curl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
  libcurl-minimal-8.5.0-1.amzn2023.0.4.x86_64
  libnghttp2-1.59.0-3.amzn2023.0.1.x86_64
Installed:
  libpsl-0.21.1-3.amzn2023.0.2.x86_64
  publicsuffix-list-dafsa-20240212-61.amzn2023.noarch

Complete!
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full Curl Package on Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20221102

This command replaces the minimal `curl` package with the full-featured version, including all supported protocols, by using `dnf install --allowerasing`.

```Shell
dnf install --allowerasing curl-full libcurl-full
```

--------------------------------

### Install Brotli Compression Package on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/epel

The `brotli` package provides Brotli compression utilities. It was previously available in EPEL7 and AL2 core. This command installs the `brotli` package on Amazon Linux 2023.

```shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install brotli
```

--------------------------------

### Get latest kernel 6.12 version string

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/kernel-update

Retrieves the full version and release string of the installed `kernel6.12` package using `rpm` for use in `grubby` commands.

```Shell
$ version=$(rpm -q --qf '%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n' kernel6.12 | sort -V | tail -1)
```

--------------------------------

### Install full curl package on Amazon Linux 2022

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20220817

Instructions to switch from the minimal 'curl' package to the full-featured 'curl' package using the 'dnf' package manager on Amazon Linux 2022.

```bash
dnf install --allowerasing curl-full libcurl-full
```

--------------------------------

### Get latest kernel 6.1 version string for downgrade

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/kernel-update

Retrieves the full version and release string of the installed `kernel` package (kernel 6.1) using `rpm` for use in `grubby` commands during a downgrade.

```Shell
$ version=$(rpm -q --qf '%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n' kernel | sort -V | tail -1)
```

--------------------------------

### Shell Commands to Create C Hello World Application and Dockerfile

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/barebones-containers

These commands set up a new directory for a C 'Hello World' application. It creates the hello-world.c source file and a Dockerfile that compiles this C code within an Amazon Linux 2023 build stage, then copies the compiled executable into a FROM scratch final image.

```Shell
$ mkdir al2023-barebones-c-hello-world-example
$ cd al2023-barebones-c-hello-world-example
$ cat > hello-world.c <<EOF
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
  printf("Hello World!\n");
  return 0;
}
EOF

$ cat > Dockerfile <<EOF
FROM public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023 as build
COPY hello-world.c /
RUN dnf -y install gcc
RUN gcc -o hello-world hello-world.c
EOF
```

--------------------------------

### Install Jemalloc Alternative Malloc Implementation on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/epel

The `jemalloc` package provides an alternative `malloc` implementation optimized for concurrent workloads. It was available in EPEL7 and certain AL2 Extras. This command installs `jemalloc` on Amazon Linux 2023.

```shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install jemalloc
```

--------------------------------

### Install Chkrootkit on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/epel

Command to install the `chkrootkit` package in Amazon Linux 2023. `chkrootkit` is a tool designed to check for rootkit installations on a system.

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install chkrootkit
```

--------------------------------

### Build AL2023 Container Image

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/barebones-containers

Command to build the Docker container image from the Dockerfile in the current directory, tagging it with 'al2023-barebones-c-hello-world-example'.

```Shell
$ docker build -t al2023-barebones-c-hello-world-example .
```

--------------------------------

### Install memcached and Tools on Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/resource-limiting-systemd

Installs the memcached key-value cache and its associated tools (libmemcached-awesome-tools) using the dnf package manager, which are prerequisites for demonstrating memory limit functionality.

```Bash
sudo dnf install -y memcached libmemcached-awesome-tools
```

--------------------------------

### List Minimal Amazon Linux 2023 AMI Packages

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2023.5.20240722

Lists the essential packages included in the minimal Amazon Linux 2023 AMI, highlighting its reduced footprint.

```APIDOC
amazon-linux-repo-s3-2023.5.20240722-0.amzn2023
kernel-livepatch-repo-s3-2023.5.20240722-0.amzn2023
kernel-6.1.97-104.177.amzn2023
openssh-clients-8.7p1-8.amzn2023.0.12
openssh-server-8.7p1-8.amzn2023.0.12
openssh-8.7p1-8.amzn2023.0.12
system-release-2023.5.20240722-0.amzn2023
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full GNUPG Package on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/gnupg-minimal

This command uses the `dnf` package manager to swap the default `gnupg2-minimal` package for the `gnupg2-full` package on Amazon Linux 2023. Installing `gnupg2-full` provides extended GNU Privacy Guard functionality, such as the ability to download keys from a key server.

```bash
$ dnf swap gnupg2-minimal gnupg2-full
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieve Support Information for All Installed Amazon Linux Packages

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/release-cadence

Use this command to display comprehensive support information for all packages currently installed on your Amazon Linux 2023 instance. It provides an overview of the support status for your entire software environment.

```shell
$ sudo dnf supportinfo --show installed
```

--------------------------------

### Minimal Amazon Linux 2023 AMI Packages

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2023.3.20231211

This snippet lists the essential packages included in the minimal Amazon Linux 2023 Amazon Machine Image (AMI). This configuration is optimized for a reduced footprint, including core system components, AWS CLI, and minimal Python and Vim installations.

```Configuration
`amazon-linux-repo-s3-2023.3.20231211-0.amzn2023`
`amazon-linux-sb-keys-2023.1-1.amzn2023.0.4`
`awscli-2-2.14.5-1.amzn2023.0.1`
`kernel-livepatch-repo-s3-2023.3.20231211-0.amzn2023`
`kernel-6.1.66-91.160.amzn2023`
`openssl-libs-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.10`
`openssl-1:3.0.8-1.amzn2023.0.10`
`python3-awscrt-0.19.19-1.amzn2023.0.1`
`python3-cryptography-36.0.1-1.amzn2023.0.5`
`python3-pip-wheel-21.3.1-2.amzn2023.0.7`
`python3-urllib3-1.25.10-5.amzn2023.0.3`
`shadow-utils-2:4.9-12.amzn2023.0.4`
`system-release-2023.3.20231211-0.amzn2023`
`vim-data-2:9.0.2120-1.amzn2023`
`vim-minimal-2:9.0.2120-1.amzn2023`
```

--------------------------------

### Building a Docker image with GCC on AL2023 minimal

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/minimal-container

This Dockerfile demonstrates how to use the AL2023 minimal container image as a base. It then installs the GCC compiler using `dnf` and cleans up the package cache to keep the image size small.

```Dockerfile
FROM public.ecr.aws/amazonlinux/amazonlinux:2023-minimal
RUN dnf install -y gcc && dnf clean all
```

--------------------------------

### Restrict Process to 10% CPU Quota using systemd-run

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/resource-limiting-systemd

Illustrates how to use `systemd-run` with the `CPUQuota` property to limit a process to a specific percentage of CPU time. This example shows that the process runs for its full duration but consumes only the allocated CPU percentage. Requires `stress-ng` to be installed.

```bash
[ec2-user ~]$ systemd-run --user --tty --wait --property=CPUAccounting=1 --property=CPUQuota=10% stress-ng --cpu 1 --timeout 10
Running as unit: run-u13.service
Press ^] three times within 1s to disconnect TTY.
stress-ng: info:  [340664] setting to a 10 second run per stressor
stress-ng: info:  [340664] dispatching hogs: 1 cpu
stress-ng: info:  [340664] successful run completed in 10.08s
Finished with result: success
Main processes terminated with: code=exited/status=0
Service runtime: 10.140s
CPU time consumed: 1.014s
```

--------------------------------

### Minimal AMI Components for Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2023.6.20250317

Lists the packages and their versions included in the Amazon Linux 2023 minimal Amazon Machine Image (AMI), highlighting the essential components for a lightweight deployment.

```APIDOC
amazon-linux-repo-s3-2023.6.20250317-0.amzn2023
awscli-2-2.23.11-1.amzn2023.0.1
dnf-plugin-support-info-1.4-1.amzn2023
glib2-2.82.2-765.amzn2023
kernel-libbpf-6.1.130-139.222.amzn2023
kernel-livepatch-repo-s3-2023.6.20250317-0.amzn2023
kernel-6.1.130-139.222.amzn2023
libcap-2.48-2.amzn2023.0.4
libgcc-11.5.0-5.amzn2023.0.1
libgomp-11.5.0-5.amzn2023.0.1
libpsl-0.21.5-1.amzn2023.0.1
libstdc++-11.5.0-5.amzn2023.0.1
libxml2-2.10.4-1.amzn2023.0.9
python3-awscrt-0.23.8-1.amzn2023.0.1
python3-jinja2-2.11.3-1.amzn2023.0.6
python3-libs-3.9.21-1.amzn2023.0.2
python3-3.9.21-1.amzn2023.0.2
system-release-2023.6.20250317-0.amzn2023
```

--------------------------------

### Run and Verify Barebones Bash Container Minimalism

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/barebones-containers

This command runs the newly built minimal bash container in interactive mode (-it) and removes it upon exit (--rm). The subsequent commands demonstrate the container's minimal nature by showing that common utilities like rpm, du, and ls are not present, while `echo /bin/*` lists the few available binaries.

```Shell
$ docker run -it --rm al2023-barebones-bash-example
bash-5.2# rpm
bash: rpm: command not found
bash-5.2# du -sh /usr/
bash: du: command not found
bash-5.2# ls
bash: ls: command not found
bash-5.2# echo /bin/*
/bin/alias /bin/bash /bin/bashbug /bin/bashbug-64 /bin/bg /bin/catchsegv /bin/cd /bin/command /bin/fc /bin/fg /bin/gencat /bin/getconf /bin/getent /bin/getopts /bin/hash /bin/iconv /bin/jobs /bin/ld.so /bin/ldd /bin/locale /bin/localedef /bin/pldd /bin/read /bin/sh /bin/sotruss /bin/sprof /bin/type /bin/tzselect /bin/ulimit /bin/umask /bin/unalias /bin/wait /bin/zdump
```

--------------------------------

### Systemd Functionality for Process Monitoring in Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/epel

In Amazon Linux 2023, systemd replaces monit by providing extensive capabilities for monitoring, starting, stopping, and restarting services. It offers features like rate limiting, path-based activation, and resource control, documented in systemd.service, systemd.path, systemd.unit, and systemd.resource-control man pages.

```APIDOC
systemd.service: Service unit configuration for process management, restarts, and dependencies.
systemd.path: Path-based activation for triggering actions on file system events.
systemd.unit: Common configuration options for systemd units, including dependencies and conditionals.
systemd.resource-control: Resource management facilities for CPU and memory usage of services.
```

--------------------------------

### List Minimal Amazon Linux 2023 Container Image Packages

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2023.5.20240722

Lists the core packages included in the minimal Amazon Linux 2023 container image, suitable for lightweight deployments.

```APIDOC
amazon-linux-repo-cdn-2023.5.20240722-0.amzn2023
system-release-2023.5.20240722-0.amzn2023
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full GnuPG Package on Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20221103

This command installs the full `gnupg` functionality, replacing the minimal `gnupg2-minimal` package. It uses `dnf` with the `--allowerasing` option to manage package conflicts and provide comprehensive GPG capabilities.

```Shell
dnf install --allowerasing gnupg2-full
```

--------------------------------

### Install Full-Featured curl on Amazon Linux

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2022.0.20221019

This `dnf` command allows users to replace the default minimal `curl` package with the full-featured version. It uses `--allowerasing` to handle potential conflicts during the installation.

```Linux Shell
dnf install --allowerasing curl-full libcurl-full
```

--------------------------------

### Install Python 3 Simplejson Package on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/epel

Commands to install the `python3-simplejson` package in Amazon Linux 2023. This package provides JSON serialization/deserialization routines for Python 3, replacing the Python 2 variant. You can install it directly by package name or by specifying the Python module name.

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install python3-simplejson
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install 'python3dist(simplejson)'
```

--------------------------------

### Install DNF Plugin for Kernel Live Patching on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/live-patching

Installs the `kpatch-dnf` plugin, which is essential for managing kernel live patches via the DNF package manager on Amazon Linux 2023.

```bash
$ sudo dnf install -y kpatch-dnf
```

--------------------------------

### AL2023.5.20240916 Minimal AMI Components

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2023.5.20240916

Lists the key components and their versions included in the AL2023.5.20240916 Minimal Amazon Machine Image (AMI).

```APIDOC
amazon-linux-repo-s3-2023.5.20240916-0.amzn2023
kernel-livepatch-repo-s3-2023.5.20240916-0.amzn2023
kernel-6.1.109-118.189.amzn2023
system-release-2023.5.20240916-0.amzn2023
```

--------------------------------

### Install Python 3 RSA Package on Amazon Linux 2023

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/ug/epel

Commands to install the `python3-rsa` package in Amazon Linux 2023. This package provides RSA encryption capabilities for Python 3, replacing the Python 2 variant. You can install it directly by package name or by specifying the Python module name.

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install python3-rsa
```

```Shell
[ec2-user ~]$ sudo dnf install 'python3dist(rsa)'
```

--------------------------------

### Amazon Linux 2023 Minimal AMI Components

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2023.6.20250114

Lists the key components and their versions included in the AL2023.6.20250114 Minimal AMI.

```APIDOC
amazon-linux-repo-s3-2023.6.20250114-0.amzn2023
kernel-livepatch-repo-s3-2023.6.20250114-0.amzn2023
system-release-2023.6.20250114-0.amzn2023
```

--------------------------------

### Update Amazon Linux 2023 to Kernel 6.12

Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/linux/al2023/ug/what-is-amazon-linux.html/release-notes/relnotes-2023.7.20250331

This sequence of commands guides users through updating an existing Amazon Linux 2023 instance to kernel version 6.12. It includes steps for installing the new kernel package, setting it as the default boot option, and rebooting the instance to apply the changes. Users must ensure their instance is running release 2023.7.20250331 or later.

```Shell
$ sudo dnf install kernel6.12
```

```Shell
$ version=$(rpm -q --qf '%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n' kernel6.12 | sort -V | tail -1)
$ sudo grubby --set-default "/boot/vmlinuz-$version"
```

```Shell
$ sudo reboot
```

=== COMPLETE CONTENT === This response contains all available snippets from this library. No additional content exists. Do not make further requests.