### Defining Python Project Dependencies and Development Tools

Source: https://github.com/tiangolo/pydantic-sqlalchemy/blob/master/requirements.txt

This snippet illustrates common entries in a Python requirements file. It includes installing the current project in editable mode, referencing another requirements file for test dependencies, and specifying a version range for the 'pre-commit' development tool.

```Python Requirements
-e .

-r requirements-tests.txt

pre-commit >=2.17.0,<5.0.0
```

--------------------------------

### Defining Python Project Dependencies

Source: https://github.com/tiangolo/pydantic-sqlalchemy/blob/master/requirements-tests.txt

This snippet specifies the direct and development dependencies for a Python project. It includes tools for testing (pytest, pytest-cov, coverage), static analysis (mypy, ruff), and specific libraries (typing-extensions, sqlalchemy-utc) with their version constraints, ensuring a consistent development environment.

```Python
-e .
pytest >=7.0.1,<9.0.0
coverage[toml] >=6.2,<8.0
mypy ==1.4.1
ruff ==0.9.8
typing-extensions ==4.6.1

pytest-cov ==4.1.0
sqlalchemy-utc >=0.14.0,<0.15.0
```

--------------------------------

### Generating Pydantic Models from SQLAlchemy ORM in Python

Source: https://github.com/tiangolo/pydantic-sqlalchemy/blob/master/README.md

This snippet demonstrates how to define SQLAlchemy ORM models (`User`, `Address`), establish a database connection, create tables, and persist data. It then uses `pydantic_sqlalchemy.sqlalchemy_to_pydantic` to automatically generate Pydantic models (`PydanticUser`, `PydanticAddress`) from these SQLAlchemy models. It also shows how to extend a generated Pydantic model to include related objects (`PydanticUserWithAddresses`) and how to validate and serialize SQLAlchemy ORM instances into Pydantic-compatible dictionaries, including nested relationships.

```Python
from typing import List

from pydantic_sqlalchemy import sqlalchemy_to_pydantic
from sqlalchemy import Column, ForeignKey, Integer, String, create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, relationship, sessionmaker

Base = declarative_base()

engine = create_engine("sqlite://", echo=True)


class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = "users"

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String)
    fullname = Column(String)
    nickname = Column(String)

    addresses = relationship(
        "Address", back_populates="user", cascade="all, delete, delete-orphan"
    )


class Address(Base):
    __tablename__ = "addresses"
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    email_address = Column(String, nullable=False)
    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id"))

    user = relationship("User", back_populates="addresses")


PydanticUser = sqlalchemy_to_pydantic(User)
PydanticAddress = sqlalchemy_to_pydantic(Address)


class PydanticUserWithAddresses(PydanticUser):
    addresses: List[PydanticAddress] = []


Base.metadata.create_all(engine)


LocalSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

db: Session = LocalSession()

ed_user = User(name="ed", fullname="Ed Jones", nickname="edsnickname")

address = Address(email_address="ed@example.com")
address2 = Address(email_address="eddy@example.com")
ed_user.addresses = [address, address2]
db.add(ed_user)
db.commit()


def test_pydantic_sqlalchemy():
    user = db.query(User).first()
    pydantic_user = PydanticUser.from_orm(user)
    data = pydantic_user.dict()
    assert data == {
        "fullname": "Ed Jones",
        "id": 1,
        "name": "ed",
        "nickname": "edsnickname",
    }
    pydantic_user_with_addresses = PydanticUserWithAddresses.from_orm(user)
    data = pydantic_user_with_addresses.dict()
    assert data == {
        "fullname": "Ed Jones",
        "id": 1,
        "name": "ed",
        "nickname": "edsnickname",
        "addresses": [
            {"email_address": "ed@example.com", "id": 1, "user_id": 1},
            {"email_address": "eddy@example.com", "id": 2, "user_id": 1}
        ]
    }
```

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