### Specifying Command Path Directly

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Shows how to provide the full path to the command directly when creating the `Terrapin::CommandLine` instance.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("/opt/bin/lolwut")
line.command # => "/opt/bin/lolwut"
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Command Execution

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Execute a simple shell command and capture its output. The command and its arguments are directly provided.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("echo", "hello 'world'")
line.command # => "echo hello 'world'"
line.run # => "hello world\n"
```

--------------------------------

### Specifying Command Search Path

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Demonstrates how to set a global search path for executables using `Terrapin::CommandLine.path =`.

```ruby
Terrapin::CommandLine.path = "/opt/bin"
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("lolwut")
line.command # => "lolwut", but it looks in /opt/bin for it.
```

--------------------------------

### Multiple Search Paths for Commands

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Allows specifying an array of directories to search for executables, enabling commands to be found across multiple locations.

```ruby
FileUtils.rm("/opt/bin/lolwut")
File.open('/usr/local/bin/lolwut') { |f| f.write('echo Hello') }
Terrapin::CommandLine.path = ["/opt/bin", "/usr/local/bin"]
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("lolwut")
line.run # => prints 'Hello', because it searches the path
```

--------------------------------

### Securely Interpolating User Data with `run`

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Shows the recommended way to handle potentially unsafe input by interpolating it via the `run` method, ensuring it is properly escaped.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("echo", "haha:whoami")
line.run(whoami: "`whoami`") # => "haha`whoami`\n"
```

--------------------------------

### Logging Command Execution (Single Instance)

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Configures a logger for a specific `Terrapin::CommandLine` instance to log the command being executed.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("echo", ":var", logger: Logger.new(STDOUT))
line.run(var: "LOL!") # => Logs this with #info -> Command :: echo 'LOL!'
```

--------------------------------

### Handling Command Errors with Exceptions

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Demonstrates how Terrapin raises an `ExitStatusError` when a command returns a non-zero exit code, and how to catch it.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("git", "commit")
begin
  line.run
rescue Terrapin::ExitStatusError => e
  e.message # => "Command 'git commit' returned 1. Expected 0"
end
```

--------------------------------

### Security Note: Arguments to `new` are not escaped

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Illustrates that arguments passed directly to `Terrapin::CommandLine.new` are not escaped, unlike those interpolated via `run` or `command`.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("echo", "haha`whoami`")
line.command # => "echo haha`whoami`"
line.run # => "hahawebserver\n"
```

--------------------------------

### Logging All Command Executions (Global)

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Sets a global logger for all `Terrapin::CommandLine` instances to log every command executed.

```ruby
Terrapin::CommandLine.logger = Logger.new(STDOUT)
Terrapin::CommandLine.new("date").run # => Logs this -> Command :: date
```

--------------------------------

### Using Backticks Runner

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Configures Terrapin to use Ruby's backticks (` `) for command execution instead of the default `Process.spawn`.

```ruby
Terrapin::CommandLine.runner = Terrapin::CommandLine::BackticksRunner.new
```

--------------------------------

### Use PopenRunner to Avoid Spawn Warnings

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

If you encounter an 'unsupported spawn option: out' warning, configure Terrapin to use PopenRunner. This is a common solution for compatibility issues.

```ruby
Terrapin::CommandLine.runner = Terrapin::CommandLine::PopenRunner.new
```

--------------------------------

### Handling Command Not Found Errors

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Shows how Terrapin raises a `CommandNotFoundError` if the executable is not found in the system's PATH.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("lolwut")
begin
  line.run
rescue Terrapin::CommandNotFoundError => e
  e # => the command isn't in the $PATH for this process.
```

--------------------------------

### Handling Expected Non-Zero Exit Codes

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Allows specifying a list of expected non-zero exit codes, preventing `ExitStatusError` from being raised for those specific codes.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("/usr/bin/false", "", expected_outcodes: [0, 1])
begin
  line.run
rescue Terrapin::ExitStatusError => e
  # => You never get here!
end
```

--------------------------------

### Preventing Command Injection (Interpolated)

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Demonstrates how Terrapin escapes potentially malicious input when arguments are interpolated using the `command` method.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("cat", ":file")
line.command(file: "haha`rm -rf /`.txt") # => "cat 'haha`rm -rf /`.txt'"

line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("cat", ":file")
line.command(file: "ohyeah?'`rm -rf /`.ha!") # => "cat 'ohyeah?'\''`rm -rf /`.ha!'"
```

--------------------------------

### Ignoring Command Output and Stderr

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Configure Terrapin to suppress stderr output by redirecting it to `/dev/null` (Unix-like) or `NUL` (Windows).

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("noisy", "--extra-verbose", swallow_stderr: true)
line.command # => "noisy --extra-verbose 2>/dev/null"
```

--------------------------------

### Interpolated Arguments

Source: https://github.com/thoughtbot/terrapin/blob/main/README.md

Use named placeholders for arguments that will be interpolated into the command string. Terrapin automatically escapes these interpolated arguments for security.

```ruby
line = Terrapin::CommandLine.new("convert", ":in -scale :resolution :out")
line.command(in: "omg.jpg",
             resolution: "32x32",
             out: "omg_thumb.jpg")
# => "convert 'omg.jpg' -scale '32x32' 'omg_thumb.jpg'"
```

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