### Example Usage of Type Checking Functions

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Demonstrates the usage of is_nan, has_nan, has_function, and is_range by iterating through various data types and printing results.

```OpenSCAD
for (
  x=[undef,1/0,-1/0,0/0,[],[1,2,3],[1,0/0,2],[1,function(x)x,2],[1,function(x)x,0/0,2],
    "hi!","",function(x)x,true,false,0,1,-1,[0:-10],[0:1:10],[0:0:0],[0:1:2]]
  ) {
  if (is_nan(x)) echo(str("is_nan(",x,") = true"));
  if (has_nan(x)) echo(str("has_nan(",x,") = true"));
  if (has_function(x)) echo(str("has_function(",x,") = true"));
  if (is_range(x)) echo(str("is_range(",x,") = true"));
}
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_default_construct_n

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Constructs objects by default-initialization in an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a start and a count.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_default_construct_n

### Description
Constructs objects by default-initialization in an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a start and a count.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### Insert Vector into Sorted Vector

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Demonstrates inserting a vector of elements into an already sorted vector while maintaining the sort order. The second example shows inserting a large, randomly generated vector into an empty vector.

```openscad
echo(insertv_sorted([1,2,3,5,5,8,12],[6,4,7,-8,4,3,5,-6,5,3,2,1,10,0,-1]));
echo(insertv_sorted([],[for (x=rands(0,10000,10000)) floor(x)]));
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_fill_n

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Copies an object to an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a start and a count.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_fill_n

### Description
Copies an object to an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a start and a count.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_value_construct_n

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Constructs objects by value-initialization in an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a start and a count.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_value_construct_n

### Description
Constructs objects by value-initialization in an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a start and a count.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### Custom Comparison for Min/Max Operations

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Demonstrates using custom comparators with min, max, min_element, and max_element functions. The comparator determines the ordering logic, and for min/max, the first element is returned if values are equivalent.

```javascript
echo(max([100,1],[-100,2],function(a,b) a[0]<b[0])); // [100,1]
echo(max([100,1],[-100,2],function(a,b) a[1]<b[1])); // [-100,2]
echo(min([100,1],[-100,2],function(a,b) a[0]<b[0])); // [-100,2]
echo(min([100,1],[-100,2],function(a,b) a[1]<b[1])); // [100,1]
// return first when "equivalent"
echo(max([1,2,3],[3,2,1],function(a,b) a[1]<b[1])); // [1,2,3] 
echo(min([1,2,3],[3,2,1],function(a,b) a[1]<b[1])); // [1,2,3]
```

--------------------------------

### Check conditions with all_of, any_of, none_of

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

These functions check conditions on elements within a specified range of a vector using a predicate function 'p'. `all_of` returns true if 'p' is true for all elements, `any_of` if 'p' is true for at least one element, and `none_of` if 'p' is true for no elements. The predicate 'p' can be any function that accepts a single argument.

```openscad
for(v=[ [], [0,1,2,3], [0,1,2,3,0/0], [[],false,true,"ok"] ]) let(p=function(x)is_num(x)) {
  if (all_of(v,p=p)) echo(str("all_of(",v,",is_num) = true"));
  if (any_of(v,p=p)) echo(str("any_of(",v,",is_num) = true"));
  if (none_of(v,p=p)) echo(str("none_of(",v,",is_num) = true"));
}
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_default_construct

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Constructs objects by default-initialization in an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a range.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_default_construct

### Description
Constructs objects by default-initialization in an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a range.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### Min/Max Operations

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Functions for finding minimum, maximum, and their combinations within ranges or between values, with customizable comparators.

```APIDOC
## max (a, b, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns the greater of the two values. If equivalent, returns `a`. Overrides the `max` built-in function but with a customizable comparator.

### Parameters
- **a**: The first value to compare.
- **b**: The second value to compare.
- **cmp**: Optional comparator function. Defaults to `lt` (less than).

### Example
```
echo(max([100,1],[-100,2],function(a,b) a[0]<b[0])); // [100,1]
echo(max([100,1],[-100,2],function(a,b) a[1]<b[1])); // [-100,2]
```
```

```APIDOC
## max_element (v, first=0, last, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns the index of the maximum value in the range `[first, last)`. Returns `last` if the range is empty.

### Parameters
- **v**: The collection to search within.
- **first**: The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last**: The ending index of the range (exclusive).
- **cmp**: Optional comparator function. Defaults to `lt` (less than).

### Example
```
v= [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,9];
echo(max_element(v));    // 9
echo(max_element(v,10)); // 19
```
```

```APIDOC
## min (a, b, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns the lesser of the two values. If equivalent, returns `a`. Overrides the `min` built-in function but with a customizable comparator.

### Parameters
- **a**: The first value to compare.
- **b**: The second value to compare.
- **cmp**: Optional comparator function. Defaults to `lt` (less than).

### Example
```
echo(min([100,1],[-100,2],function(a,b) a[0]<b[0])); // [-100,2]
echo(min([100,1],[-100,2],function(a,b) a[1]<b[1])); // [100,1]
```
```

```APIDOC
## min_element (v, first=0, last, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns the index of the minimum value in the range `[first, last)`. Returns `last` if the range is empty.

### Parameters
- **v**: The collection to search within.
- **first**: The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last**: The ending index of the range (exclusive).
- **cmp**: Optional comparator function. Defaults to `lt` (less than).

### Example
```
v= [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,9];
echo(min_element(v));    // 0
echo(min_element(v,10)); // 18
```
```

```APIDOC
## minmax (a, b, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns a pair `[a, b]` when `a <= b`, or `[b, a]` when `a > b`, using the provided comparator.

### Parameters
- **a**: The first value.
- **b**: The second value.
- **cmp**: Optional comparator function. Defaults to `lt` (less than).

### Example
```
lencmp = function (a,b) len(a) < len(b);
echo(minmax("World!","Hello",lencmp)); // ["Hello", "World!"]
// [a,b] stay in-order when equivalent
echo(minmax("Hello","World",lencmp));  // ["Hello", "World"]
```
```

```APIDOC
## minmax_element (v, first=0, last, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns a pair of indices `[i, j]` where `v[i]` is the minimum element and `v[j]` is the maximum element in the range `[first, last)`. Returns `[last, last]` if the range is empty. If multiple elements are equivalent to the minimum, the first such index is returned for `i`. If multiple elements are equivalent to the maximum, the last such index is returned for `j`.

### Parameters
- **v**: The collection to search within.
- **first**: The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last**: The ending index of the range (exclusive).
- **cmp**: Optional comparator function. Defaults to `lt` (less than).

### Example
```
s = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
x = minmax_element(s);
echo(x,s[x[0]],s[x[1]]); // [3, 37], " ", "z"
```
```

```APIDOC
## clamp(x, lo, hi, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns `lo` if `x` is less than `lo`, or `hi` if `hi` is less than `x`, otherwise returns `x`. Uses a customizable comparator.

### Parameters
- **x**: The value to clamp.
- **lo**: The lower bound.
- **hi**: The upper bound.
- **cmp**: Optional comparator function. Defaults to `lt` (less than).

### Example
```
// Assuming 'lt' is the default comparator
echo(clamp(5, 0, 10)); // 5
echo(clamp(-5, 0, 10)); // 0
echo(clamp(15, 0, 10)); // 10
```
```

--------------------------------

### Partition a sequence stably

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Reorders elements such that all elements satisfying a predicate precede those that do not, while preserving the relative order of elements within each partition.

```javascript
is_even = function(x)x%2==0;
echo(stable_partition([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],p=is_even));
```

--------------------------------

### Using Filter with a Function Literal

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Demonstrates how to use the 'filter' function with an anonymous function literal to process a list. Ensure you are using OpenSCAD 2021.01 or later.

```OpenSCAD
echo(filter([1,[],2,3,4,5,undef,"no"], function(x) is_num(x))); // result: [1,2,3,4,5]
```

--------------------------------

### Finding Min/Max Element Indices in a Range

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Illustrates how to find the index of the minimum or maximum element within a specified range of an array. If no range is provided, the entire array is considered. The functions return the index of the first minimum or last maximum element if duplicates exist.

```javascript
v= [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,9];
echo(min_element(v));    // 0
echo(min_element(v,10)); // 18
echo(max_element(v));    // 9
echo(max_element(v,10)); // 19
```

--------------------------------

### upper_bound, lower_bound, and binary_search

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Performs binary search operations on sorted ranges. `upper_bound` finds the first element greater than a value, `lower_bound` finds the first element not less than a value, and `binary_search` checks for the presence of a value.

```APIDOC
## upper_bound(v, value, first=0, last=undef, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns the index of the first element in the range `[first,last)` which is greater than `value`.

### Method
upper_bound

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The sorted input list.
- **value** - The value to search for.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to undefined (end of list).
- **cmp** (function) - The comparison function. Defaults to less than (lt).

## lower_bound(v, value, first=0, last=undef, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns the index of the first element in the range `[first,last)` which is *not less* than `value`.

### Method
lower_bound

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The sorted input list.
- **value** - The value to search for.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to undefined (end of list).
- **cmp** (function) - The comparison function. Defaults to less than (lt).

## binary_search(v, value, first=0, last=undef, cmp=lt)

### Description
Returns `true` if the range `[first,last)` contains `value`, otherwise `false`.

### Method
binary_search

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The sorted input list.
- **value** - The value to search for.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to undefined (end of list).
- **cmp** (function) - The comparison function. Defaults to less than (lt).

### Request Example
```
v = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6];
echo(sublist(v,lower_bound(v,4),upper_bound(v,4)));
echo(binary_search([1,2,3,5,5,8,12],3));
```
```

--------------------------------

### destroy_at

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Destroys an object at a given address.

```APIDOC
## destroy_at

### Description
Destroys an object at a given address.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### Binary search operations on sorted ranges

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Provides functions for binary search on sorted ranges, including finding the upper and lower bounds of a value and checking for the existence of a value.

```javascript
v = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6];
echo(sublist(v,lower_bound(v,4),upper_bound(v,4)));
```

```javascript
echo(binary_search([1,2,3,5,5,8,12],3));
```

--------------------------------

### Find first mismatch between two vectors

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Compares two vectors element by element within specified ranges and returns a pair of indices indicating the first mismatch. If no mismatches are found up to the end of the shorter range, it returns the end index of the shorter range and the corresponding index from the other range.

```openscad
echo(mismatch(v1="oh! hi, how are you?",first1=4,v2="hi, how's it going?"));// [11, 7]
echo(mismatch(v1="Hello World",v2="Hello World"));// [11, 11]
echo(mismatch(v1="Hello!",v2="Hello"));           // [5, 5]
echo(mismatch(v1="l",v2="Hello",first2=3));       // [1, 4]
```

--------------------------------

### Accumulate Operation with Custom Operator

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Demonstrates the accumulate function, which is similar to a fold operation. It can perform operations like summation or multiplication over a range, with optional initial values and custom operators.

```javascript
echo(accumulate([1,2,3,4,5]));
echo(accumulate([1,2,3,4,5],init=1,op=function(x,y)x*y));
```

--------------------------------

### Min/Max Pair Operations with Custom Comparator

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Shows the usage of minmax and minmax_element with a custom comparator. The minmax function returns a pair ordered by the comparator, preserving order for equivalent elements. minmax_element finds the indices of the minimum and maximum elements in a range.

```javascript
lencmp = function (a,b) len(a) < len(b);
echo(minmax("World!","Hello",lencmp)); // ["Hello", "World!"]
echo(minmax("Hello","World!",lencmp)); // ["Hello", "World!"]
// [a,b] stay in-order when equivalent
echo(minmax("Hello","World",lencmp));  // ["Hello", "World"]
echo(minmax("world","Hello",lencmp));  // ["World", "Hello"]
s = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
x = minmax_element(s);
echo(x,s[x[0]],s[x[1]]); // [3, 37], " ", "z"
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_copy_n

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Copies a specified number of objects to an uninitialized area of memory.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_copy_n

### Description
Copies a specified number of objects to an uninitialized area of memory.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_copy

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Copies a range of objects to an uninitialized area of memory.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_copy

### Description
Copies a range of objects to an uninitialized area of memory.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_fill

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Copies an object to an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a range.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_fill

### Description
Copies an object to an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a range.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### replace and replace_if

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Replaces elements in a sequence. `replace` replaces all occurrences of an old value with a new value, while `replace_if` replaces elements matching a predicate.

```APIDOC
## replace(v, old_value, new_value, first=0, last, cmp=eq)

### Description
Replaces all elements in the range `[first, last)` that are equivalent to `old_value` with `new_value`.

### Method
replace

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The input list.
- **old_value** - The value to be replaced.
- **new_value** - The value to replace with.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to the end of the list.
- **cmp** (function) - The comparison function. Defaults to equality (eq).

### Request Example
```
echo(replace([0,1,2,3,1,4,5,6,1,7,8,1,9],1,[]));
```

## replace_if(v, new_value, first=0, last, p)

### Description
Replaces all elements in the range `[first, last)` for which the predicate `p` returns `true`, with `new_value`.

### Method
replace_if

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The input list.
- **new_value** - The value to replace with.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to the end of the list.
- **p** (function) - The predicate function that returns true for elements to be replaced.

### Request Example
```
echo(replace_if([0,1,2,3,1,4,5,6,1,7,8,1,9],0,p=function(x)x<5));
```
```

--------------------------------

### remove and remove_if

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Removes elements from a sequence. `remove` removes a range of elements, while `remove_if` removes elements matching a predicate.

```APIDOC
## remove(v, first=0, last)

### Description
Removes a range of elements [first,last) from a list.

### Method
remove

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The input list.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to the end of the list.

### Request Example
```
echo(remove([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],3,7));
echo(remove([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]));
```

## remove_if(v, first=0, last, p)

### Description
Removes elements from a range that match a given predicate.

### Method
remove_if

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The input list.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to the end of the list.
- **p** (function) - The predicate function that returns true for elements to be removed.

### Request Example
```
echo(remove_if([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],p=function(x)x%3==0));
```
```

--------------------------------

### reverse

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Reverses a specified range of elements within a sequence.

```APIDOC
## reverse(v, first=0, last)

### Description
Reverses a range of elements within a sequence.

### Method
reverse

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The input list.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to the end of the list.

### Request Example
```
echo(reverse([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]));
echo(reverse([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],3,7));
```
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_value_construct

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Constructs objects by value-initialization in an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a range.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_value_construct

### Description
Constructs objects by value-initialization in an uninitialized area of memory, defined by a range.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_move

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Moves a range of objects to an uninitialized area of memory.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_move

### Description
Moves a range of objects to an uninitialized area of memory.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### Count elements with count and count_if

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Counts the occurrences of a specific value or elements satisfying a predicate within a given range of a vector. `count` takes a value to match, while `count_if` takes a predicate function `p`.

```openscad
echo(count("this is a test","t"));
echo(count_if([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],p=function(x)x>3));
```

--------------------------------

### destroy_n

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Destroys a specified number of objects in a range.

```APIDOC
## destroy_n

### Description
Destroys a specified number of objects in a range.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### destroy

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Destroys a range of objects.

```APIDOC
## destroy

### Description
Destroys a range of objects.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### Find element in vector using std::find

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Finds the index of the first element in a vector equivalent to a given value within a specified range. Returns the end index if the value is not found. Defaults to searching the entire vector if 'first' and 'last' are omitted.

```openscad
v=[6,4,7,-8,4,3,5,-6,5,3,2,1,10,0,-1];
echo(find(v,-8));
echo(find(v,-1));
echo(find(v,undef));
echo(find([0],0));
echo(find([0],1));
echo(find([],undef));
```

--------------------------------

### uninitialized_move_n

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/std_algorithm_status.md

Moves a specified number of objects to an uninitialized area of memory.

```APIDOC
## uninitialized_move_n

### Description
Moves a specified number of objects to an uninitialized area of memory.

### Parameters
(Specific parameters not detailed in source)

### Request Example
(Not provided in source)

### Response
(Not provided in source)
```

--------------------------------

### std_rotate

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Reorders elements in a range by moving a sub-range to the beginning and the preceding sub-range to the end.

```APIDOC
## std_rotate(v, first=0, first_n, last)

### Description
Reorders elements in the range `[first,last)` such that the sub-range `[first_n, last)` moves to the beginning of the range, and the sub-range `[first, first_n)` moves to the end of the range.

### Method
std_rotate

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The input list.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **first_n** (integer) - The index marking the beginning of the sub-range to be moved to the front.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to the end of the list.

### Request Example
```
// move elements [3,7) to position 12: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2tWOdzgXHA&feature=youtu.be&t=630
echo(std_rotate([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15],3,7,12)); 
// move elements [8,12) to position 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2tWOdzgXHA&feature=youtu.be&t=645
echo(std_rotate([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15],3,8,12)); 
```
```

--------------------------------

### Replace elements in a sequence

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Replaces elements that match a specific value or a predicate with a new value. Use `replace` for value-based replacement and `replace_if` for predicate-based replacement.

```javascript
echo(replace([0,1,2,3,1,4,5,6,1,7,8,1,9],1,[]));
```

```javascript
echo(replace_if([0,1,2,3,1,4,5,6,1,7,8,1,9],0,p=function(x)x<5));
```

--------------------------------

### stable_partition

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Reorders elements in a range such that elements satisfying a predicate precede those that do not, preserving relative order.

```APIDOC
## stable_partition(v, first=0, last, p)

### Description
Reorders the elements in the range `[first, last)` such that all elements for which the predicate `p` returns `true` precede the elements for which predicate `p` returns `false`. The relative order of the elements is preserved.

### Method
stable_partition

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The input list.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to the end of the list.
- **p** (function) - The predicate function.

### Request Example
```
is_even = function(x)x%2==0;
echo(stable_partition([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],p=is_even));
```
```

--------------------------------

### Check for element existence with contains

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Determines if any element within a specified range of a vector is equivalent to a given value. Returns true if a match is found, false otherwise. This is a boolean variation of `std::find`.

```openscad
echo(contains([6,4,7,-8,4,3,5,-6,5,3,2,1,10,0,-1],3.14));
echo(contains([6,4,7,-8,4,3,5,-6,5,3,2,1,10,0,-1],-1));
```

--------------------------------

### Rotate elements in a sequence

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Reorders elements in a range such that a sub-range moves to the beginning and the preceding sub-range moves to the end. Useful for circular shifts.

```javascript
// move elements [3,7) to position 12: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2tWOdzgXHA&feature=youtu.be&t=630
echo(std_rotate([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15],3,7,12));
```

```javascript
// move elements [8,12) to position 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2tWOdzgXHA&feature=youtu.be&t=645
echo(std_rotate([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15],3,8,12));
```

--------------------------------

### Reverse a range of elements in a sequence

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Reverses the order of elements within a specified range of a sequence. Can reverse the entire sequence or a sub-range.

```javascript
echo(reverse([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]));
```

```javascript
echo(reverse([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],3,7));
```

--------------------------------

### Numeric Operations

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Functions for performing numeric computations, such as accumulation (folding) over a range.

```APIDOC
## accumulate (v, first=0, last=undef, init=0, op=add)

### Description
Performs an accumulation (fold) operation over a range of a collection. It takes an initial value and an optional operation (defaults to addition).

### Parameters
- **v**: The collection to accumulate over.
- **first**: The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last**: The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to `undef` (end of collection).
- **init**: The initial value for the accumulation. Defaults to 0.
- **op**: The binary operation to apply. Defaults to `add` (addition).

### Example
```
echo(accumulate([1,2,3,4,5]));
echo(accumulate([1,2,3,4,5],init=1,op=function(x,y)x*y));
```
```

--------------------------------

### unique

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Removes consecutive duplicate elements from a sorted range.

```APIDOC
## unique(v, first=0, last, cmp=eq)

### Description
Removes all but the first element from every group of consecutive equivalent elements in the range `[first,last)`. The input vector `v` should be pre-sorted if uniqueness across the entire vector is desired.

### Method
unique

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
- **v** (list) - The input list.
- **first** (integer) - The starting index of the range (inclusive). Defaults to 0.
- **last** (integer) - The ending index of the range (exclusive). Defaults to the end of the list.
- **cmp** (function) - The comparison function for equivalence. Defaults to equality (eq).

### Request Example
```
echo(unique(insertv_sorted([],[1,2,3,1,2,3,3,4,5,4,5,6,7])));
```
```

--------------------------------

### Remove elements from a sequence

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Removes elements within a specified range or based on a predicate. Use `remove` for range-based removal and `remove_if` for predicate-based removal.

```javascript
echo(remove([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],3,7));
```

```javascript
echo(remove([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]));
```

```javascript
echo(remove_if([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],p=function(x)x%3==0));
```

--------------------------------

### Remove consecutive duplicates from a sorted sequence

Source: https://github.com/thehans/funcutils/blob/master/README.md

Removes all but the first element from groups of consecutive equivalent elements. The input sequence should be pre-sorted for uniqueness across the entire vector.

```javascript
echo(unique(insertv_sorted([],[1,2,3,1,2,3,3,4,5,4,5,6,7])));
```

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