### Install Crystal Redis Library

Source: https://context7.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/llms.txt

Instructions for adding the Crystal Redis library to your project's dependencies using shards.yml and installing it.

```yaml
dependencies:
  redis:
    github: stefanwille/crystal-redis
```

```bash
shards install
```

--------------------------------

### Manage Redis Hashes with Crystal

Source: https://context7.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/llms.txt

Provides examples for performing various operations on Redis hashes using the Crystal Redis client. This includes setting and getting fields, retrieving all fields, and checking for field existence.

```crystal
require "redis"

redis = Redis.new

# Set hash fields
redis.hset("user:100", "name", "Alice")
redis.hset("user:100", {"email" => "alice@example.com", "age" => "30"})

# Get hash field
redis.hget("user:100", "name") # => "Alice"

# Get all fields and values
redis.hgetall("user:100") # => {"name" => "Alice", "email" => "alice@example.com", "age" => "30"}

# Get multiple fields
redis.hmget("user:100", "name", "email") # => ["Alice", "alice@example.com"]

# Set multiple fields
redis.hmset("user:100", {"city" => "NYC", "country" => "USA"})

# Set field only if it doesn't exist
redis.hsetnx("user:100", "name", "Bob") # => 0 (field exists)

# Check if field exists
redis.hexists("user:100", "name") # => 1

# Delete field
redis.hdel("user:100", "age")

# Get all field names
redis.hkeys("user:100") # => ["name", "email", "city", "country"]

# Get all values
redis.hvals("user:100") # => ["Alice", "alice@example.com", "NYC", "USA"]

# Get number of fields
redis.hlen("user:100") # => 4

# Increment numeric field
redis.hset("user:100", "score", "10")
redis.hincrby("user:100", "score", 5)       # => 15
redis.hincrbyfloat("user:100", "score", 2.5) # => "17.5"

# Scan hash fields
cursor, fields = redis.hscan("user:100", 0)
# fields is a hash of field => value pairs

redis.close
```

--------------------------------

### Install Crystal Redis Shard

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/index.html

This snippet shows how to add the crystal-redis gem to your project's shard.yml file and install it using the 'shards install' command.

```yaml
dependencies:
  redis:
    github: stefanwille/crystal-redis
    version: ~> 2.6.0
```

--------------------------------

### Execute Basic Redis Key-Value Operations

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis.html

Examples of common Redis commands such as GET, SET, and DEL implemented in Crystal. These methods allow for standard data manipulation within a Redis instance.

```crystal
redis = Redis.new
redis.set("key", "value")
value = redis.get("key")
redis.del("key")
```

--------------------------------

### Crystal Redis Client Installation

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/README.md

Add the crystal-redis gem to your project's shard.yml file to manage dependencies. After updating shard.yml, run 'shards install' to fetch the library.

```crystal
dependencies:
  redis:
    github: stefanwille/crystal-redis
```

```bash
$ shards install
```

--------------------------------

### Crystal Redis Client Installation on MacOS X

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/README.md

Instructions for installing OpenSSL on MacOS X and configuring the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable to resolve linker errors when building with the Crystal Redis client.

```bash
$ brew install openssl
$ export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig
```

--------------------------------

### Install Redis Shard Command

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/index.html

This command-line instruction is used to install the crystal-redis library into your Crystal project after adding it to shard.yml.

```bash
$ shards install
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Access Redis::Future

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Future.html

Demonstrates the structure of the Redis::Future class, including its constructor and methods for getting or setting the future value.

```crystal
class Redis::Future
  def initialize
    @value = nil
  end

  def value
    @value
  end

  def value=(new_value)
    @value = new_value
  end
end
```

--------------------------------

### Manage Redis Server and Database

Source: https://context7.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/llms.txt

Provides examples for querying server information, testing connections, performing database maintenance, and inspecting key metadata.

```crystal
require "redis"

redis = Redis.new

# Get server info
info = redis.info
puts info["redis_version"]

# Test connection
redis.ping # => "PONG"

# Database operations
redis.select(1)
redis.flushdb

# Key serialization
redis.set("mykey", "myvalue")
serialized = redis.dump("mykey")
redis.restore("newkey", 0, serialized)

# Object inspection
redis.object_encoding("mykey")
redis.close
```

--------------------------------

### Crystal Redis Client Initialization and Usage

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis.html

Demonstrates how to require the redis library, instantiate a Redis client, and execute basic commands like SET, GET, and INCR. It also highlights the need for separate Redis instances per thread/coroutine.

```crystal
require "redis"

redis = Redis.new

redis.set("foo", "bar")
redis.get("foo")
redis.incr("visitors")
```

--------------------------------

### Get Keys Matching Pattern (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns all keys that match a given pattern. This is useful for key discovery and management.

```crystal
redis.keys(pattern)
```

--------------------------------

### Redis ZSCAN Command Example (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Demonstrates how to use the ZSCAN command to retrieve elements from a sorted set in Redis. It allows for pattern matching and limiting the number of returned elements. This function is part of the crystal-redis library.

```crystal
redis.zscan("myzset", 0, "foo*", 1024)
```

--------------------------------

### Implement Publish/Subscribe Messaging

Source: https://context7.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/llms.txt

Provides examples for both publishing messages to channels and subscribing to them, including handling subscription events and message processing.

```crystal
require "redis"

publisher = Redis.new
publisher.publish("news", "Breaking news!")

subscriber = Redis.new
subscriber.subscribe("news") do |on|
  on.message do |channel, message|
    puts "Received on #{channel}: #{message}"
  end
end
```

--------------------------------

### Implement Pipelining for Throughput

Source: https://context7.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/llms.txt

Shows how to batch multiple commands into a single request to improve performance. Includes examples of retrieving results as an array or using futures for individual command responses.

```crystal
require "redis"

redis = Redis.new

results = redis.pipelined do |pipeline|
  pipeline.set("key1", "value1")
  pipeline.get("key1")
end

redis.pipelined do |pipeline|
  future1 = pipeline.get("key1")
end

redis.close
```

--------------------------------

### Perform Redis Key and Set Operations in Crystal

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/PipelineApi.html

Examples of common Redis commands implemented in the crystal-redis library. These methods allow for manipulating keys, sets, and performing atomic operations.

```crystal
# Example of setting a key with expiration
redis.set("my_key", "value", ex: 60)

# Example of adding members to a set
redis.sadd("my_set", ["member1", "member2"])

# Example of pushing values to a list
redis.rpush("my_list", ["val1", "val2"])

# Example of subscribing to channels
redis.subscribe("channel1", "channel2") do |sub|
  sub.on_message do |channel, message|
    puts "Received #{message} from #{channel}"
  end
end
```

--------------------------------

### Get All Hash Values (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Retrieves all values from a hash stored at a specified key. This command is useful for fetching all elements within a Redis hash.

```crystal
redis.hvals(key)
```

--------------------------------

### Redis TYPE Command (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the string representation of the type of the value stored at a key. The return value is a String indicating the type of the key, or 'none' if the key does not exist. An example demonstrates setting a string value and then checking its type.

```Crystal
def type(key)
  # Returns the string representation of the type of the value stored at key.
  # Return value: String, the type of key, or none when key does not exist.
  # Example:
  #   redis.set("foo", 3)
  #   redis.type("foo") # => "string"
end
```

--------------------------------

### Example Usage of Redis Pipeline API

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/PipelineApi.html

Demonstrates how to use the PipelineApi object within a block provided by the `redis.pipelined` method to execute multiple Redis commands efficiently. This method groups commands into a single network round trip.

```crystal
redis.pipelined do |pipeline|
  pipeline.set("foo1", "first")
  pipeline.set("foo2", "second")
end
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Manage Redis Client

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Client.html

Demonstrates how to instantiate a new Redis client and perform basic lifecycle operations like closing the connection. The client supports various configuration parameters including host, port, and timeouts.

```crystal
require "redis"

# Initialize a new client
client = Redis::Client.new(host: "localhost", port: 6379)

# Access the connection
conn = client.connection

# Close the client connection
client.close
```

--------------------------------

### Get List Range (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns a specified range of elements from a list stored at a key. Supports start and stop indices.

```crystal
redis.lrange(key, from, to)
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Redis Client

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/TransactionApi.html

Shows the constructor method for initializing a new Redis client instance with a specific strategy and optional namespace.

```crystal
def self.new(strategy, namespace = "")
```

--------------------------------

### Redis::Commands Instance Methods

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

This section details the instance methods available in the Redis::Commands module for interacting with Redis.

```APIDOC
## Redis::Commands Instance Methods

### Description

Provides methods for executing a wide range of Redis commands directly.

### Methods

- **#append**(key, value)
  - **Description**: If key already exists and is a string, this command appends the value at the end of the string.
  - **Method**: POST (or relevant method based on Redis command)
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/append
  - **Parameters**:
    - **key** (String) - Required - The key to append to.
    - **value** (String) - Required - The value to append.

- **#auth**(password)
  - **Description**: Request for authentication in a password-protected Redis server.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/auth
  - **Parameters**:
    - **password** (String) - Required - The password for authentication.

- **#bitcount**(key, from = nil, to = nil)
  - **Description**: Count the number of set bits (population counting) in a string.
  - **Method**: GET
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/bitcount
  - **Parameters**:
    - **key** (String) - Required - The key whose string value is to be counted.
    - **from** (Integer) - Optional - The starting offset for counting.
    - **to** (Integer) - Optional - The ending offset for counting.

- **#bitop**(operation, key, *keys : String)
  - **Description**: Perform a bitwise operation between multiple keys (containing string values) and store the result in the destination key.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/bitop
  - **Parameters**:
    - **operation** (String) - Required - The bitwise operation (AND, OR, XOR, NOT).
    - **key** (String) - Required - The destination key to store the result.
    - **keys** (Array<String>) - Required - The source keys to perform the operation on.

- **#bitop**(operation, key, keys : Array(String))
  - **Description**: Perform a bitwise operation between multiple keys (containing string values) and store the result in the destination key.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/bitop
  - **Parameters**:
    - **operation** (String) - Required - The bitwise operation (AND, OR, XOR, NOT).
    - **key** (String) - Required - The destination key to store the result.
    - **keys** (Array<String>) - Required - The source keys to perform the operation on.

- **#bitpos**(key, bit, start = nil, to = nil)
  - **Description**: Return the position of the first bit set to 1 or 0 in a string.
  - **Method**: GET
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/bitpos
  - **Parameters**:
    - **key** (String) - Required - The key whose string value is to be searched.
    - **bit** (Integer) - Required - The bit to search for (0 or 1).
    - **start** (Integer) - Optional - The starting offset for the search.
    - **to** (Integer) - Optional - The ending offset for the search.

- **#blpop**(keys, timeout_in_seconds)
  - **Description**: BLPOP is a blocking list pop primitive. It is the counterpart of LPOP because while LPOP is non-blocking, BLPOP blocks until one of the specified lists contains an element or the specified timeout is reached.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/blpop
  - **Parameters**:
    - **keys** (Array<String>) - Required - The list keys to pop from.
    - **timeout_in_seconds** (Integer) - Required - The maximum time to block in seconds.

- **#brpop**(keys, timeout_in_seconds)
  - **Description**: BRPOP is a blocking list pop primitive. It is the counterpart of RPOP because while RPOP is non-blocking, BRPOP blocks until one of the specified lists contains an element or the specified timeout is reached.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/brpop
  - **Parameters**:
    - **keys** (Array<String>) - Required - The list keys to pop from.
    - **timeout_in_seconds** (Integer) - Required - The maximum time to block in seconds.

- **#brpoplpush**(source, destination, timeout_in_seconds = nil)
  - **Description**: BRPOPLPUSH is the blocking variant of RPOPLPUSH. It pops an element from the last list and pushes it to the first list. If the timeout is reached, it returns nil.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/brpoplpush
  - **Parameters**:
    - **source** (String) - Required - The key of the list to pop from.
    - **destination** (String) - Required - The key of the list to push to.
    - **timeout_in_seconds** (Integer) - Optional - The maximum time to block in seconds.

- **#decr**(key)
  - **Description**: Decrements the number stored at key by one.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/decr
  - **Parameters**:
    - **key** (String) - Required - The key to decrement.

- **#decrby**(key, decrement)
  - **Description**: Decrements the number stored at key by decrement.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/decrby
  - **Parameters**:
    - **key** (String) - Required - The key to decrement.
    - **decrement** (Integer) - Required - The amount to decrement by.

- **#del**(keys : Array)
  - **Description**: Removes the specified keys.
  - **Method**: DELETE
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/del
  - **Parameters**:
    - **keys** (Array<String>) - Required - An array of keys to remove.

- **#del**(*keys)
  - **Description**: Removes the specified keys.
  - **Method**: DELETE
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/del
  - **Parameters**:
    - **keys** (Array<String>) - Required - A variable number of keys to remove.

- **#dump**(key)
  - **Description**: Serialize the value stored at key in a Redis-specific format and return it to the user.
  - **Method**: GET
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/dump
  - **Parameters**:
    - **key** (String) - Required - The key to serialize.

- **#echo**(message)
  - **Description**: Returns the given message.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/echo
  - **Parameters**:
    - **message** (String) - Required - The message to echo.

- **#eval**(script : String, keys = [] of RedisValue, args = [] of RedisValue)
  - **Description**: EVAL and EVALSHA are used to evaluate scripts using the Lua interpreter built into Redis starting from version 2.6.0.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/eval
  - **Parameters**:
    - **script** (String) - Required - The Lua script to execute.
    - **keys** (Array<RedisValue>) - Optional - An array of keys to be passed to the script.
    - **args** (Array<RedisValue>) - Optional - An array of arguments to be passed to the script.

- **#evalsha**(sha1, keys = [] of RedisValue, args = [] of RedisValue)
  - **Description**: EVAL and EVALSHA are used to evaluate scripts using the Lua interpreter built into Redis starting from version 2.6.0.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/evalsha
  - **Parameters**:
    - **sha1** (String) - Required - The SHA1 hash of the Lua script to execute.
    - **keys** (Array<RedisValue>) - Optional - An array of keys to be passed to the script.
    - **args** (Array<RedisValue>) - Optional - An array of arguments to be passed to the script.

- **#exists**(key)
  - **Description**: Returns if key exists.
  - **Method**: GET
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/exists
  - **Parameters**:
    - **key** (String) - Required - The key to check for existence.

- **#expire**(key, seconds)
  - **Description**: Set a timeout on key.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/expire
  - **Parameters**:
    - **key** (String) - Required - The key to set the timeout on.
    - **seconds** (Integer) - Required - The timeout in seconds.

- **#expireat**(key, unix_date)
  - **Description**: Set a timeout on key at a specified Unix timestamp.
  - **Method**: POST
  - **Endpoint**: /redis/commands/expireat
  - **Parameters**:
    - **key** (String) - Required - The key to set the timeout on.
    - **unix_date** (Integer) - Required - The Unix timestamp when the key should expire.

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Redis Pooled Client in Crystal

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/PooledClient.html

Demonstrates the instantiation of a pooled Redis client. This approach allows the application to maintain a set of reusable connections, reducing latency and overhead for frequent database operations.

```crystal
require "redis"

# Initialize a pooled client with default settings
client = Redis::PooledClient.new(host: "localhost", port: 6379, pool_size: 5)

# Usage example
client.set("key", "value")
puts client.get("key")
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Redis Connection in Crystal

Source: https://context7.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/llms.txt

Demonstrates various ways to establish a Redis client connection in Crystal, including default, custom host/port, URL, Unix socket, SSL/TLS, and with timeouts/reconnection settings. Includes connection testing and closing.

```crystal
require "redis"

# Default connection (localhost:6379)
redis = Redis.new

# Custom host, port, and database
redis = Redis.new(host: "localhost", port: 6379, database: 1)

# Connection via URL
redis = Redis.new(url: "redis://:my-secret-pw@my.redis.com:6380/my-database")

# Unix socket connection
redis = Redis.new(unixsocket: "/tmp/redis.sock")

# SSL/TLS connection
redis = Redis.new(host: "secure.redis.com", port: 6380, ssl: true)

# With timeouts and reconnection settings
redis = Redis.new(
  host: "localhost",
  port: 6379,
  password: "secret",
  database: 0,
  connect_timeout: 5.seconds,
  command_timeout: 2.seconds,
  reconnect: true
)

# Test connection
redis.ping # => "PONG"

# Close connection when done
redis.close
```

--------------------------------

### Get length of a Redis hash

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the total number of fields contained in the hash stored at the key.

```crystal
def hlen(key)
```

--------------------------------

### Get List Length (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the number of elements in a list stored at a key. Provides the size of the list.

```crystal
redis.llen(key)
```

--------------------------------

### Connection and Basic Commands

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Commands for checking connection status, setting keys with expiry, and publishing messages.

```APIDOC
## PING

### Description
Checks if the Redis server is responsive.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/ping

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **response** (String) - Should return 'PONG'.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "response": "PONG"
}
```

## PSETEX

### Description
Sets a key's value and its expiration time in milliseconds.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/psetex

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **key** (String) - Required - The key to set.
- **expire_in_milis** (Int) - Required - The expiration time in milliseconds.
- **value** (String) - Required - The value to set for the key.

### Request Example
```json
{
  "key": "mykey",
  "expire_in_milis": 5000,
  "value": "myvalue"
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **status** (String) - Indicates success.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "status": "OK"
}
```

## PUBLISH

### Description
Posts a message to a specified channel.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/publish

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **channel** (String) - Required - The channel to publish to.
- **message** (String) - Required - The message to send.

### Request Example
```json
{
  "channel": "news",
  "message": "Hello world!"
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **subscribers** (Int) - The number of clients that received the message.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "subscribers": 1
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Get string length with strlen

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the length of the string value stored at the specified key. Returns 0 if the key does not exist.

```crystal
def strlen(key)
```

--------------------------------

### Get Server Information (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Retrieves server information and statistics. An optional section parameter can filter the information returned.

```crystal
redis.info(section : String? = nil)
```

--------------------------------

### Crystal Redis Connection Opening

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis.html

Shows how to open a Redis connection using the Redis.new constructor with various options such as host, port, password, and timeouts. It also includes the Redis.open class method for managing connections within a block.

```crystal
# Using Redis.new
redis = Redis.new(host: "localhost", port: 6379, password: "mypassword", connect_timeout: 5.seconds)

# Using Redis.open with a block
Redis.open(url: "redis://localhost:6379/0", password: "mypassword") do |redis|
  redis.set("key", "value")
end
```

--------------------------------

### Server Information and Key Management

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Commands to retrieve server information and manage keys.

```APIDOC
## GET /redis/info

### Description
Retrieves general information and statistics about the Redis server. Optionally, a specific section can be requested.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/redis/info

### Parameters
#### Query Parameters
- **section** (String) - Optional - The specific section of information to retrieve (e.g., "server", "clients", "memory"). If omitted, all information is returned.

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **info** (Object) - A hash containing server information and statistics.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "info": {
    "server": {
      "redis_version": "7.0.0",
      "uptime_in_seconds": "12345"
    },
    "clients": {
      "connected_clients": "5"
    }
  }
}
```

## GET /redis/keys

### Description
Returns all keys that match the specified pattern.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/redis/keys

### Parameters
#### Query Parameters
- **pattern** (String) - Required - The pattern to match keys against (e.g., "user:*", "*id").

### Request Example
```json
{
  "pattern": "callmemaybe"
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **keys** (Array<String>) - An array of keys matching the pattern.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "keys": ["key1", "key2"]
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Get Sorted Set Elements by Range (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Retrieves a range of elements from a sorted set. It can optionally return the scores associated with each element.

```crystal
def zrange(key, start, stop, with_scores = false)
  # Returns the specified range of elements in the sorted set stored at key.
  # Options:
  # * with_scores - true to return the scores of the elements together with the elements.
  # Example:
  #   redis.zrange("myzset", 0, -1, with_scores: true) # => ["one", "1", "uno", "1", "two", "2", "three", "3"]
end
```

--------------------------------

### Get Object Encoding (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the internal encoding of the value associated with a key. Helps understand how Redis stores the data.

```crystal
redis.object_encoding(key)
```

--------------------------------

### Get object reference count in Crystal

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Retrieves the number of references for the value associated with a specific key. Returns an integer representing the reference count.

```crystal
def object_refcount(key)
```

--------------------------------

### Get Object Reference Count (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the reference count of the value associated with the key. Indicates how many clients are referencing the object.

```crystal
redis.object_refcount(key)
```

--------------------------------

### Remove and Get First List Element (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Removes and returns the first element from a list stored at a key. Modifies the list in place.

```crystal
redis.lpop(key)
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and use Redis::PooledClient in Crystal

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/PooledClient.html

Demonstrates how to instantiate a pooled Redis client and perform concurrent operations across multiple fibers. The client manages a pool of connections, ensuring efficient resource usage when accessed by multiple concurrent tasks.

```crystal
redis = Redis::PooledClient.new(host: "localhost", port: 6379, pool_size: 5)
10.times do |i|
  spawn do
    redis.set("foo#{i}", "bar")
    redis.get("foo#{i}") # => "bar"
  end
end
```

--------------------------------

### Get List Element by Index (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Retrieves the element at a specific index within a list stored at a key. Supports negative indexing.

```crystal
redis.lindex(key, index)
```

--------------------------------

### Pattern Subscription with Redis

Source: https://context7.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/llms.txt

Demonstrates how to subscribe to Redis channels using glob-style patterns. It handles pattern subscription, message reception, and unsubscription events.

```crystal
subscriber.psubscribe("news:*", "alert:*") do |on|
  on.psubscribe do |pattern, subscriptions|
    puts "Subscribed to pattern #{pattern}"
  end

  on.pmessage do |pattern, channel, message|
    puts "Pattern #{pattern} matched channel #{channel}: #{message}"
  end

  on.punsubscribe do |pattern, subscriptions|
    puts "Unsubscribed from pattern #{pattern}"
  end
end

publisher.close
subscriber.close
```

--------------------------------

### Get Object Idle Time (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the number of seconds since the object stored at the key was last accessed. Useful for memory management.

```crystal
redis.object_idletime(key)
```

--------------------------------

### Get Multiple Key Values (Crystal Redis)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Retrieves the values associated with multiple specified keys. Returns an array of values corresponding to the input keys.

```crystal
redis.mget(keys : Array(String)) : Array(RedisValue)
```

```crystal
redis.mget(*keys)
```

--------------------------------

### Manage Redis Database and Keys

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Basic commands for selecting a database index and performing key-value operations. Includes advanced SET options for expiration and conditional updates.

```crystal
redis.select(0)
redis.set("foo", "test", ex: 7)
redis.setbit("mykey", 7, 1)
redis.setex("foo", 3, "bar")
```

--------------------------------

### Redis::Commands - String Operations

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/PipelineApi.html

Provides methods for string manipulation in Redis, including appending, getting, setting, and bitwise operations.

```APIDOC
## Redis::Commands - String Operations

### Description
Methods for interacting with Redis string data types.

### Methods

- **append(key, value)**
  - Appends a value to a key.
- **get(key)**
  - Retrieves the value associated with a key.
- **getbit(key, index)**
  - Returns the bit value at the specified offset for a string key.
- **getrange(key, start_index, end_index)**
  - Returns a slice of the string value of a key.
- **getset(key, value)**
  - Atomically sets a key's value and returns its old value.
- **set(key, value)**
  - Sets the string value of a key.
- **setbit(key, index, value)**
  - Sets or clears the bit at the specified offset for a string key.
- **setex(key, seconds, value)**
  - Sets the string value of a key and its expiration time in seconds.
- **setnx(key, value)**
  - Sets the string value of a key only if the key does not exist.
- **strlen(key)**
  - Returns the length of the string value of a key.
```

--------------------------------

### Set Range in Redis with Crystal

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Overwrites a portion of a string stored at a specific key starting at a given offset. Returns the total length of the modified string.

```crystal
redis.setrange("foo", 6, "Redis")
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Redis::SocketWrapper

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/SocketWrapper.html

Constructors for Redis::SocketWrapper. The first accepts a raw socket (TCPSocket, UNIXSocket, or SSL Socket), while the second accepts a block for initialization.

```crystal
def self.new(socket : TCPSocket | UNIXSocket | OpenSSL::SSL::Socket::Client)
  # ... implementation ...
end
```

```crystal
def self.new(&)
  # ... implementation ...
end
```

--------------------------------

### Defining Redis Subscription Callbacks in Crystal

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Subscription.html

This snippet demonstrates the method signatures for setting callbacks on a Redis::Subscription instance. These methods allow handling incoming messages, pattern-matched messages, and subscription lifecycle events like subscribe, unsubscribe, psubscribe, and punsubscribe.

```crystal
subscription = Redis::Subscription.new

# Set message callbacks
subscription.message { |channel, message| puts "Received #{message} on #{channel}" }
subscription.pmessage { |pattern, channel, message| puts "Pattern #{pattern} matched #{channel}: #{message}" }

# Set lifecycle callbacks
subscription.subscribe { |channel, count| puts "Subscribed to #{channel}" }
subscription.unsubscribe { |channel, count| puts "Unsubscribed from #{channel}" }
subscription.psubscribe { |pattern, count| puts "Subscribed to pattern #{pattern}" }
subscription.punsubscribe { |pattern, count| puts "Unsubscribed from pattern #{pattern}" }
```

--------------------------------

### Get Rank by Score (High to Low) (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the rank of a member in a sorted set, ordered by score from high to low. Returns nil if the member or key does not exist.

```Crystal
def zrevrank(key, member)
  # Implementation details for getting rank by score (high to low)
end
```

--------------------------------

### Get Random Key (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Retrieves a random key from the currently selected Redis database. This command is useful for various administrative tasks or when needing to operate on an arbitrary key.

```crystal
redis.randomkey
```

--------------------------------

### Crystal Redis Client Basic Usage

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/README.md

Require the 'redis' library and instantiate a new Redis client. You can then execute Redis commands directly on the client object.

```crystal
require "redis"

redis = Redis.new

redis.set("foo", "bar")
redis.get("foo")
```

--------------------------------

### MSETNX: Conditionally set multiple Redis keys (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

The MSETNX command sets multiple keys to their values, but only if none of the keys already exist. If any key exists, no operation is performed. It returns 1 if all keys were set, and 0 otherwise. This is useful for ensuring that a set of keys is created atomically.

```crystal
def msetnx(hash)
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Redis Commands in Crystal

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/index.html

This Crystal code snippet shows how to perform basic Redis operations like setting a key-value pair and retrieving its value using the connected Redis client.

```crystal
redis.set("foo", "bar")
redis.get("foo")
```

--------------------------------

### Get Rank of Sorted Set Member (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the rank (position) of a member within a sorted set, based on ascending scores. Returns nil if the member or key does not exist.

```crystal
def zrank(key, member)
  # Returns the rank of member in the sorted set stored at key, with the scores ordered from low to high.
  # Return value:
  # * If member exists in the sorted set, Integer: the rank of member.
  # * If member does not exist in the sorted set or key does not exist: nil.
end
```

--------------------------------

### Get Redis Server URL (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis.html

Retrieves the server URL associated with the current Redis client instance. This can be useful for configuration or debugging purposes.

```Crystal
redis.url
```

--------------------------------

### Manage Redis Sets with Crystal

Source: https://context7.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/llms.txt

Illustrates how to work with Redis sets (unordered collections of unique elements) using the Crystal Redis client. Includes adding/removing members, checking membership, and performing set operations.

```crystal
require "redis"

redis = Redis.new
redis.del("myset", "otherset")

# Add members
redis.sadd("myset", "a", "b", "c")
redis.sadd("myset", ["d", "e"]) # Add from array

# Get all members
redis.smembers("myset") # => ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]

# Check membership
redis.sismember("myset", "a") # => 1
redis.sismember("myset", "z") # => 0

# Get set size
redis.scard("myset") # => 5

# Remove members
redis.srem("myset", "a")
redis.srem("myset", ["b", "c"])

# Pop random member(s)
redis.spop("myset")       # => random member (removed)
redis.spop("myset", 2)    # => array of 2 random members (removed)

# Get random member(s) without removing
redis.srandmember("myset")      # => random member
redis.srandmember("myset", 2)   # => array of 2 random members
redis.srandmember("myset", -2)  # May return duplicates

# Move member between sets
redis.sadd("set1", "x")
redis.smove("set1", "set2", "x")

# Set operations
redis.sadd("setA", "1", "2", "3")
redis.sadd("setB", "2", "3", "4")

# Union
redis.sunion("setA", "setB")           # => ["1", "2", "3", "4"]
redis.sunionstore("result", "setA", "setB") # Store result

redis.close
```

--------------------------------

### Multiple Key Commands

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Commands for operating on multiple keys simultaneously.

```APIDOC
## MGET

### Description
Retrieves the values of multiple specified keys.

### Method
GET (conceptual)

### Endpoint
/redis/mget

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
None

#### Query Parameters
- **keys** (Array<String>) - Required - An array of keys to retrieve values for.

### Request Example
```
GET /redis/mget?keys[]=foo1&keys[]=foo2
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **return_value** (Array<RedisValue>) - An array of values corresponding to the provided keys. Nil is returned for non-existent keys or keys not holding string values.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "return_value": ["test1", "test2"]
}
```
```

```APIDOC
## MSET

### Description
Sets multiple keys to their respective values.

### Method
POST (conceptual)

### Endpoint
/redis/mset

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
None

#### Query Parameters
None

#### Request Body
- **hash** (Hash) - Required - A hash where keys are the Redis keys and values are the values to set.

### Request Example
```json
{
  "hash": {
    "foo1": "bar1",
    "foo2": "bar2"
  }
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **return_value** (String) - "OK"

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "return_value": "OK"
}
```
```

```APIDOC
## MSETNX

### Description
Sets multiple keys to their respective values only if none of the keys already exist.

### Method
POST (conceptual)

### Endpoint
/redis/msetnx

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
None

#### Query Parameters
None

#### Request Body
- **hash** (Hash) - Required - A hash where keys are the Redis keys and values are the values to set.

### Request Example
```json
{
  "hash": {
    "key1": "hello",
    "key2": "there"
  }
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **return_value** (Integer) - 1 if all keys were set, 0 if no keys were set (because at least one key already existed).

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "return_value": 1
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Get Set Cardinality (Redis SCARD - Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the number of elements (cardinality) in a set stored at a specified key. This is a quick way to determine the size of a set without retrieving all its members.

```crystal
def scard(key)
  # ... implementation details ...
end
```

--------------------------------

### Redis Echo Command

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the given message.

```APIDOC
## ECHO /echo

### Description
Returns the given message.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/echo

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **message** (string) - Required - The message to be echoed.

### Request Example
```json
{
  "message": "Hello Redis"
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **echoed_message** (string) - The message that was echoed.
```

--------------------------------

### Set PKG_CONFIG_PATH for OpenSSL on macOS

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/index.html

This command sets the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable to help Crystal locate OpenSSL development files on macOS, often required for installation.

```bash
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig
```

--------------------------------

### Redis String Operations

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Basic operations for retrieving and manipulating string values in Redis. This includes getting values by key, accessing bits within strings, extracting substrings, and atomic get-and-set operations.

```crystal
redis.get(key)
redis.getbit(key, index)
redis.getrange(key, start_index, end_index)
redis.getset(key, value)
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Redis Strategy

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Client.html

Shows how to retrieve and update the execution strategy for the Redis client. The strategy determines how commands are dispatched to the Redis server.

```crystal
require "redis"

client = Redis::Client.new

# Get current strategy
current_strategy = client.strategy

# Set a new strategy
# client.strategy = new_strategy
```

--------------------------------

### Connect to Redis using Crystal

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis.html

Establishes a connection to a Redis server. Supports various connection options including host, port, Unix domain sockets, password, database selection, SSL, and timeouts. It can also connect using a Redis URL, which overrides other connection parameters.

```crystal
redis = Redis.new
redis.incr("counter")
redis.close
```

```crystal
redis = Redis.new(host: "localhost", port: 6379)
...
```

```crystal
redis = Redis.new(unixsocket: "/tmp/redis.sock")
...
```

```crystal
redis = Redis.new(url: "redis://:my-secret-pw@my.redis.com:6380/my-database")
...
```

--------------------------------

### Get Sorted Set Elements by Score Range (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Retrieves elements from a sorted set that fall within a specified score range (inclusive). It supports optional limits for pagination and an option to include scores.

```crystal
def zrangebyscore(key, min, max, limit = nil, with_scores = false)
  # Returns all the elements in the sorted set at key with a score between max and min (including elements with score equal to max or min).
  # Options:
  # * limit - an array of [offset, count]. Skip offset members, return a maximum of count members.
  # * with_scores - true to return the scores of the elements together with the elements.
end
```

--------------------------------

### Get Sorted Set Element Count by Lexicographical Range (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the number of elements in a sorted set within a specified lexicographical range. This is useful when elements are inserted with the same score to enforce lexicographical ordering.

```crystal
def zlexcount(key, min, max)
  # When all the elements in a sorted set are inserted with the same score, in order to force lexicographical ordering, this command returns the number of elements in the sorted set at key with a value between min and max.
end
```

--------------------------------

### Key Management Commands

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Commands for managing keys, including random key retrieval, renaming, and restoring.

```APIDOC
## QUIT

### Description
Asks the server to close the connection.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/quit

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **message** (String) - Confirmation message.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "message": "Connection closed."
}
```

## RANDOMKEY

### Description
Returns a random key from the currently selected database.

### Method
GET

### Endpoint
/randomkey

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **key** (String) - A random key from the database.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "key": "some_random_key"
}
```

## RENAME

### Description
Renames a key from `old_key` to `new_key`.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/rename

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **old_key** (String) - Required - The current name of the key.
- **new_key** (String) - Required - The new name for the key.

### Request Example
```json
{
  "old_key": "oldname",
  "new_key": "newname"
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **status** (String) - Indicates success.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "status": "OK"
}
```

## RENAMENX

### Description
Renames a key from `old_key` to `new_key` only if `new_key` does not already exist.

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/renamenx

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **old_key** (String) - Required - The current name of the key.
- **new_key** (String) - Required - The new name for the key.

### Request Example
```json
{
  "old_key": "oldname",
  "new_key": "newname"
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **status** (String) - Indicates success or failure (if new_key exists).

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "status": "OK"
}
```

## RESTORE

### Description
Creates a key associated with a value obtained by deserializing the provided serialized value (obtained via DUMP).

### Method
POST

### Endpoint
/restore

### Parameters
#### Request Body
- **key** (String) - Required - The key to restore.
- **ttl_in_milis** (Int) - Required - The time to live in milliseconds.
- **serialized_value** (String) - Required - The serialized value.
- **replace** (Boolean) - Optional - Whether to replace the key if it already exists (default: false).

### Request Example
```json
{
  "key": "mykey",
  "ttl_in_milis": 10000,
  "serialized_value": "some_serialized_data",
  "replace": true
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
- **status** (String) - Indicates success.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "status": "OK"
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Get Sorted Set Element Count by Score Range (Crystal)

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/Redis/Commands.html

Returns the number of elements in a sorted set within a specified score range. It takes the key, minimum score, and maximum score as input.

```crystal
def zcount(key, min, max)
  # Returns the number of elements in the sorted set at key with a score between min and max.
end
```

--------------------------------

### Require and Connect to Redis in Crystal

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/index.html

This Crystal code demonstrates how to require the redis library and establish a connection to a Redis server using Redis.new.

```crystal
require "redis"

redis = Redis.new
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Redis Unix Socket for Development

Source: https://github.com/stefanwille/crystal-redis/blob/master/docs/index.html

Instructions for enabling Unix domain socket support in the redis.conf file to allow the test suite to run correctly.

```text
unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
```