abcMIDI

https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi
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abcMIDI is a package of programs written in C for handling abc music notation files, including tools...
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### Example match.abc file structure

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcmatch.txt

This is an example of a match.abc file, which contains the musical bars to search for. It must include basic ABC fields like X:, M:, L:, and K:, followed by the musical notation.

```abc
X:1
M:6/8
L:1/8
K:E
cff f2e|
```

--------------------------------

### Page Setup and Initial Drawing

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Sets up the page with initial transformations, line styles, and draws the title 'Coleraine' and a measure number.

```postscript
%%BeginPageSetup
gsave
40 796 T
0.8 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap
0.700 0.700 scale
%%EndPageSetup

0 -20.0 T
20.0 F0
(Coleraine) 367.1 0 M cshow
12.0 F3
10.0 0.0 hd 14.0 su 30.0 0.0 M (= 142) show
0 -58.0 T
```

--------------------------------

### ABC Notation with Linear Temperament

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/abc2abc_demo.txt

This example demonstrates setting a linear temperament for ABC notation, with commented-out examples for different temperaments (19-EDO, 22-EDO, 31-EDO, Pythagorean) and an active line for Pythagorean temperament. It also includes MIDI program settings for multiple voices.

```abc
X:11
T:Linear Temperament
M:4/4
L:1/4
Q:1/4=35
% %MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 694.736842    % 19-EDO
% %MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 709.090909    % 22-EDO
% %MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 696.774194    % 31-EDO
% %MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 698.0         % fifth=698 cents
% %MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 696.57843     % 1/4-comma meantone
%%MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 701.955001    % Pythagorean
% %MIDI temperamentnormal                      % 12-EDO
K:C
V:1
%%MIDI program 16
c2 B2 | c3/2z/2 ^A2 |
V:2
%%MIDI program 16
G2 G2 | G3/2z/2 G2 |
V:3
%%MIDI program 16
(3E_E^D (3=DF_F | =E3/2z/2 E2 |
V:4
%%MIDI program 16
C2 G,2 | C3/2z/2 C2 |
```

--------------------------------

### ABC Music Notation Example

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/abc2abc_demo.txt

A basic ABC music notation example. Ensure correct syntax for notes, chords, and bar lines.

```abc
"G"B2 AB|D2 GA|"G"B3/2c/2 BA|G2 D2|"C"E2 G2|G2 A2|"G"G4-|G4||
```

--------------------------------

### Example abcmatch output

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcmatch.txt

This is an example of the output generated by abcmatch when matches are found. Each line indicates the tune's position in the file, its reference number (X:), and the bar number where the match occurred.

```text
abcmatch.exe scotjig.abc
29 30 4 
30 31 4 
```

--------------------------------

### abc2abc Usage Example

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/readme.txt

Demonstrates how to use abc2abc to transpose an ABC file by 2 semitones and redirect the output to a new file. Ensure the input file exists and the output file path is valid.

```bash
abc2abc file.abc -t 2 > newfile.abc
```

--------------------------------

### Drum Multivoice Extension

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcguide.txt

Example demonstrating drum patterns in separate voices using %%MIDI drum commands. Ensure %%MIDI drumoff is used to stop drum mode.

```abc
X:1
T: drum multivoice extension
M: 4/4
L: 1/4
K: G
V:1
%%MIDI drum dddd 45 45 45 45 70 50 60 50
%%MIDI drumon
z4|z4|\
%%MIDI drumoff
z4|
```

```abc
V:2
%%MIDI drum ddddd 54 54 54 54 54 70 50 50 60 50 
z4|
%%MIDI drumon
z4|z4|
```

--------------------------------

### abc Note Syntax Examples

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Illustrates various abc note syntax elements including pitches, lengths, accidentals, chords, tuplets, broken rhythms, ties, slurs, decorations, and microtones.

```abc
X:1
T:Note Syntax Demo
M:4/4
L:1/8
K:G

% Pitches: C D E F G A B = middle octave; c d e f g a b = one octave up
% Comma (,) lowers one octave; apostrophe (') raises one octave
C, D, E, F,  C D E F  c d e f  c' d' e' f' |

% Note lengths: C = 1 unit, C2 = 2 units, C/2 = half, C/ = quarter, C3/4 = 3/4
C C2 C/2 C/ C3/4 z2 |      % z = rest

% Accidentals: ^ = sharp, _ = flat, = = natural, ^^ = double sharp
^F _B =E ^^G __A | 

% Chords (bracket notation)
[CEG]2 [FAc] z2 | 

% Triplet and general tuple notation
(3CDE (3:2:3 FGA | 

% Broken rhythm: a>b = a dotted, b short; a<b = a short, b dotted
G>A B<c | 

% Ties and slurs
G2-G A (BcB) | 

% Decorations
.c Mc Hc Tc Rc !fff! c |  % staccato, legato, fermata, trill, roll, forte

% Microtones (pitch bend via MIDI pitchwheel)
^/C _/E ^^/4F |
```

--------------------------------

### midicopy Version Check

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/readme.txt

Prints the version information for the midicopy executable. This is a simple command to verify the installed version of the utility.

```bash
midicopy.exe -ver
```

--------------------------------

### midicopy Start from Midi Tick

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/readme.txt

Copies MIDI data starting from a specified midi pulse number. All preceding commands that define tempo and channel assignments are also copied to ensure correct playback.

```bash
midicopy <options> input.mid output.mid -from n
```

--------------------------------

### ABC Notation with MIDI Trim Command

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/abc2abc_demo.txt

This example uses the %%MIDI trim command to distinguish slurs. It also includes various MIDI control commands for program, beat, chord progression, bass progression, chord volume, and bass volume.

```abc
X:10
T:Heights of Alma
% Nottingham Music Database
S:KCC p3, via EF
M:4/4
L:1/4
K:A
%%MIDI trim 1/5
%%MIDI program 74
%%MIDI beat 89 79 69 4
%%MIDI chordprog 45
%%MIDI bassprog 45
%%MIDI chordvol 77
%%MIDI bassvol 73
P:A
(e/2d/2)|"A"cA AE|"A"(A/2B/2c/2d/2) e2|"A"(f/2e/2d/2c/2) eA|
"G"(d/2=c/2B/2A/2) =Ge/2d/2|
"A"cA AE|"A"A/2B/2c/2d/2 e2|"A"(f/2e/2d/2c/2) "E7"(e/2f/2e/2d/2)|
%Warning : Missing repeat at start ? Unexpected :| found
"A"cA A:|
P:B
c/2d/2|"A"ea ca|"A"e/2f/2e/2c/2 AB/2=c/2|"G"d=g Bg|"G"d/2e/2d/2B/2 =Gc/2d/2|
"A"ea ca|"A"e/2f/2e/2c/2 AB/2c/2|"E7"(d/2c/2B/2A/2) (G/2B/2e/2d/2)|
%Warning : Unexpected :| found
"A"cA A:|
```

--------------------------------

### Tune with Ties for Non-Standard Note Lengths

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/abc2abc_demo.txt

Demonstrates the use of ties (-) to create notes of non-standard lengths. This example uses ties to extend notes beyond the default eighth note.

```abc
X:3
T:Smash the Windows
T:Roaring Jelly
S:One Thousand English Country Dance Tunes, Michael Raven
C:Trad
M:6/8
L:1/8
Q:1/8=400
K:D
|:A
%Error : Bar 1 is 1/8 not 6/8
|DED F2A|d2f ecA|G2B F2A|E2F GFE|DED F2A|d2f ecA|Bgf edc|d3-d2:|
a|a2f d2f|A2a agf|g2e c2e|A2g gfe|f2d g2e|a2f bag|fed edc|d3-d2a|
agf fed|Adf agf|gfe ecA|Ace gfe|fed gfe|agf bag|fed edc|d3-d2z||

```

--------------------------------

### Define Fat Double Bar Line at Start in PostScript

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Defines the PostScript procedure for drawing a fat double bar line at the start of a section. It takes an x coordinate as input.

```postscript
/fbar1 {  % usage: x fbar1  - fat double bar at start
  0 moveto  0 24 rlineto 3 0 rlineto 0 -24 rlineto 
  currentpoint fill moveto
  3 0 rmoveto 0 24 rlineto stroke
} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### ABC Notation with Drum Line and MIDI Controls

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/abc2abc_demo.txt

This example features a hornpipe tune with a drum line added. It includes MIDI channel, chord attack, and MIDI program settings for the drum voice. Note the error messages regarding bar lengths.

```abc
X:12
T:Cuckoo's Nest
% Nottingham Music Database
% drum line added by Seymour
S:Song
M:4/4
L:1/8
R:Hornpipe
Q:1/4=144
K:Dm
V:1
"Dm"D2DE DCA,C|"Dm"DCDE F2"C7"FA|"F"c2cd A2GF|"C"ECCC C2"A7"FE|
"Dm"D2DE DCA,C|"Dm"DCDE F2"C7"FG|"F"ABcA "A7"GFEF|"Dm"E2"Gm"D2 "Dm"D2
%Error : Bar 7 is 3/4 not 4/4
||
V:2
%%MIDI channel 10
%%MIDI chordattack 50
[^F,,E,,]/2[^F,,E,,]/2[D,,^F,,]/2[D,,^F,,]/2 ^F,,F,, z4|
^F,,E,,E,,^F,,z4|
[^F,,E,,]/2[^F,,E,,]/2[D,,^F,,]/2[D,,^F,,]/2 ^F,,F,, z4|
D,,D,,D,,^F,,z4|
[^F,,E,,]/2[^F,,E,,]/2[D,,^F,,]/2[D,,^F,,]/2 ^F,,F,, z4|
^F,,D,,D,,^F,,z4|
[^F,,E,,]/2[^F,,E,,]/2[D,,^F,,]/2[D,,^F,,]/2 ^F,,E,, z4|
E,,^F,,B,,,4
%Error : Bar 15 is 3/4 not 4/4
|
```

--------------------------------

### Define Test Directories

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/CMakeLists.txt

Sets up directories for sample files, golden reference files, and temporary test files.

```cmake
set(SAMPLES_DIR "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/samples")
set(GOLDEN_DIR  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/golden")
set(TEST_TMPDIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/tmp")
```

--------------------------------

### Build with CMake

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/readme.txt

Modern build process using CMake. Available presets include default (Release), debug, and sanitize.

```bash
cmake --preset default
cmake --build --preset default
cmake --install build/default
```

--------------------------------

### Build abcMIDI with Autoconf

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/README.md

Use this command sequence for the traditional autoconf build process.

```sh
./configure
make
sudo make install
```

--------------------------------

### Move and Show Text

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

The 'wd' procedure in PostScript moves the current point to a specified location and then shows a string. It's a shorthand for 'moveto show'.

```postscript
/wd { moveto show } bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare Binary Definitions for Tests

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/CMakeLists.txt

Creates a list of CMake definitions, mapping uppercase binary names to their target file paths, to be passed to the test runner script.

```cmake
set(BINARY_DEFS)
foreach(bin IN LISTS ABCMIDI_BINARIES)
  string(TOUPPER "${bin}" BIN_UPPER)
  list(APPEND BINARY_DEFS "-D${BIN_UPPER}=$<TARGET_FILE:${bin}>")
endforeach()
```

--------------------------------

### Bagpipe Music with Drone Commands

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/abc2abc_demo.txt

Demonstrates bagpipe music notation using drone commands (%%MIDI drone, %%MIDI droneon, %%MIDI droneoff) and grace notes ({g}). Includes specific MIDI program and drone settings.

```abc
X:7
T:The First Slip  "Arranged by Terry Tully"
M:C
L:1/8
Q:1/4=80
C:Traditional Irish
S:Reel
Z:The Brussels Caledonian Corneymusers Pipe Band
Z:http://membres.lycos.fr/corneymusers/Tunes.html
K:HP
%%MIDI program 109
%%MIDI drone 70 45 33 90 90
%%MIDI droneon
|: {g}eA{gAGAG}A2{gef}e2{g}dB|
{g}eA{gAGAG}A2{g}GB{gBeBG}B2|
{g}eA{gAGAG}A2{gef}e2{g}fa| !
ge{gde}dB{G}ABcd:||: 
{g}ea{g}ag{ef}e2{A}ef|
{g}dB{gBeBG}B2{g}GB{gBeBG}B2| ! 
{g}ea{g}ag{ef}e2{A}ef|
{a}ge{gde}dB{G}ABcd:|
%%MIDI droneoff
```

--------------------------------

### Show String with Padding (W0)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Shows a string, pads it with spaces to a fixed width, and then shows it. Usage: str W0.

```postscript
/W0 {
   dup stringwidth pop str cvs exch show (  ) show pop pop
} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### ABC Notation for Percussion (Voice 4, F# Key)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/midi2abc_coleraine.txt

ABC notation for the fourth voice, in the key of F# and likely for percussion, using a different rhythmic and melodic pattern than the previous example.

```abc
K:F# % 6 sharps
=G,,3/2=A,,/2 G,,A,,/2G,,/2A,,| 
=A,,=G,,3/2A,,/2 G,,A,,G,,/2A,,/2| 
=G,,G,,3/2=A,,/2 G,,A,,/2G,,/2A,,| 
=A,,=G,,3/2A,,/2 G,,A,,G,,/2A,,/2|
=G,,G,,G,, G,,z2| 
z=G,,G,, G,,z2| 
z=G,,G,, G,,z2| 
z=G,,3z2|
z=G,,3/2=A,,/2 G,,A,,/2G,,/2A,,| 
=A,,=G,,3/2A,,/2 G,,A,,G,,/2A,,/2| 
=G,,G,,3/2=A,,/2 G,,A,,/2G,,/2A,,| 
=A,,=G,,3/2A,,/2 G,,A,,G,,/2A,,/2|
=G,,G,,G,, G,,z2| 
z=G,,G,, G,,z2| 
z=G,,G,, G,,z2| 
z=G,,3
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Bagpipe Drone with %%MIDI drone

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Use `%%MIDI drone` to set up a continuous drone sound for bagpipe tunes. Specify instrument program and pitches with velocities. Ensure `%%MIDI droneon` is used to activate and `%%MIDI droneoff` to deactivate.

```abc
%%MIDI program 109              % Bag pipe instrument
%%MIDI drone 70 45 33 90 90    % bassoon, pitches A, and A,,, velocities 90/90
%%MIDI droneon
```

```abc
%%MIDI droneoff
```

--------------------------------

### Grace Note Smooth Curve (gsl)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Draws a smooth curve for grace notes. Requires three points (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3) and a starting point (x0, y0).

```postscript
/gsl {
  moveto curveto stroke
} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Run abcMIDI Test Suite

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Execute the full test suite for abcMIDI using the debug preset.

```sh
ctest --preset debug
```

--------------------------------

### Four-Part Arrangement with Multiple Voices (V:)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/abc2abc_demo.txt

Shows a four-part arrangement using the V: directive to define multiple voices (soprano, alto, tenor, bass). Each voice is defined on a new line starting with V:.

```abc
X:4
T:Candlemas Eve
S:Hymn 126 Arr. R. Herrick from an old church-gallery book
M:4/4
L:1/8
Q:1/8=400
N:from an old church-gallery book
H:The old church-gallery book was discovered by the Rev. L.J.T. Darwall.
H:The source has a 4-part harmony.
O:English
R:Reel
K:G
V:1
% soprano
D2 |
G2 G2 B2 G2 | E2 F2 G2 Bd | c2 B2 A2 G2 | A6 Bc |
d2 B2 G2 AB | c2 A2 F2 GA | B2 G2 E2 F2 | G6 Bc |
d2 d2 d2 B2 | e2 c2 A2Bd | c2 B2 A2 G2 | d6 B2 |
e2 d2 c2 B2 | A2 G2 F2 GA | B2 G2 E2 F2 | G6 z2 ||
V:2
% alto
D2 
%Error : Bar 17 is 1/4 not 4/4
|
D2 C2 B,2 D2 | C2 C2 D2 D2 | G2 G2 E2 E2 | F6 G2 |
G2 F2 E2 D2 | C2 E2 D2 E2 | D2 D2 C2 C2 | D6 G2 |
G2 G2 G2 G2 | G2 G2 F2 D2 | G2 G2 E2 G2 | F6 D2 |
C2 D2 EF G2 | E2 E2 D2 E2 | D2 B,2 C2 D2 | D6 z2 ||
V:3
% tenor
D,2 
%Error : Bar 34 is 1/4 not 4/4
|
G,2 G,2 G,2 G,2 | G,2 A,2 B,2 B,2 | E2 D2 C2 B,2 | D6 D2 |
D2 D2 B,2 G,2 | E,2 A,2 A,2 C2 | G,2 G,2 G,2 A,2 | B,6 DC |
B,2 D2 B,2 D2 | C2 E2 D2 B,2 | C2 D2 C2 G,2 | A,6 G,2 |
G,2 G,2 C2 D2 | CD CB, A,2 C2 | G,2 G,2 A,2 A,2 | B,6 z2 ||
V:4
% bass up one octave
D2 
%Error : Bar 51 is 1/4 not 4/4
|
B,2 A,2 G,2 B,2 | C2 A,2 G,2 G2 | E2 G2 A2 E2 | D6 GA |
B,2 D2 E2 E2 | A,2 C2 D2 C2 | B,2 A,B, C2 A,2 | G,6 G,2 |
G2 B2 G2 G2 | c2 C2 D2 G2 | E2 G2 C2 E2 | D6 G2 |
C2 B,2 A,2 G,2 | A,2 C2 D2 C2 | B,2 E2 A,2 D2 | G,6 z2 ||
```

--------------------------------

### Select Stress Model Implementation

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcguide.txt

Select the stress model implementation, either model 1 (modifies articulation and trim) or model 2 (modifies onset and ending for rhythmic expansion/contraction). Model 2 requires the -BF runtime parameter.

```abc
%%MIDI stressmodel n
```

--------------------------------

### abcmatch command-line usage

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcmatch.txt

This shows the basic usage of the abcmatch command-line tool. It requires an ABC file as input and accepts various optional parameters for controlling the search and output.

```bash
abcmatch version 1.55
Usage : abcmatch <abc file> [-options]
        [reference number] selects a tune
        -c returns error and warning messages
        -v selects verbose option
        -r resolution for matching
        -con  pitch contour match
        -fixed <n> fixed number of notes
        -qnt quantized pitch contour
        -lev use levenshtein distance
        -a report any matching bars (default all bars)
        -ign ignore simple bars
        -br %d only report number of matched bars when
            above given threshold
        -tp <abc file> [reference number]
        -ver returns version number
        -pitch_hist pitch histogram
        -wpitch_hist interval weighted pitch histogram
        -length_hist pitch histogram
        -interval_hist pitch interval histogram
        -pitch_table separate pitch pdfs for each tune
        -interval_table separate interval pdfs for each tune
```

--------------------------------

### Build abcMIDI with CMake

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/README.md

Configure and build the abcMIDI package using CMake presets. Available presets include 'default', 'debug', and 'sanitize'.

```sh
# Configure and build (pick a preset: default, debug, sanitize)
cmake --preset default
cmake --build --preset default
```

```sh
# Install
cmake --install build/default
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Guitar Chord Accompaniment with %%MIDI gchord

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

The %%MIDI gchord directive configures automatic chord-and-bass accompaniment patterns generated from guitar chord symbols in double quotes. It supports patterns, arpeggios, and multi-bar configurations.

```abc
X:1
T:The Friendly Visit
R:hornpipe
M:4/4
L:1/8
K:G

%%MIDI chordprog 25         % acoustic guitar (steel) for chords
%%MIDI bassprog 32          % acoustic bass
%%MIDI chordvol 80
%%MIDI bassvol 90
%%MIDI gchord fzczfzcz      % 4/4 default: bass-chord-rest-chord pattern

|: BA |
"G"(3GFG DG BGBd | "C"(3cBc AB "D7"cdef |
"G"g2df "C"ecAG  | "Am"FGAB "D7"cAFD   |
"G"(3GFG DG BGBd | "C"(3cBc AB "D7"cdef |
"G"gdBG "D7"FAdc | "G"B2G2 G2 :|

% Arpeggio: play individual chord notes g=lowest, h=2nd, i=3rd
%%MIDI gchord ghih
"C" z4 | "G" z4 |

% Spread over 2 bars
%%MIDI gchordbars 2
%%MIDI gchord fzczfzczfzczfzcz
"G" z4 | "D" z4 |
```

--------------------------------

### Control Note Articulation with %%MIDI trim and expand

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Employ `%%MIDI trim` to create gaps between notes for staccato effects, specifying the fraction of note length to trim. Use `%%MIDI expand` to make notes overlap for legato. Set trim to `0/1` to disable trimming.

```abc
%%MIDI trim 1/5
```

```abc
%%MIDI trim 0/1
```

```abc
%%MIDI expand 1/8
```

--------------------------------

### Show String with Width Adjustment (WS)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Displays a string with calculated spacing to fit a given width. Usage: w nspaces str WS.

```postscript
/WS {
   dup stringwidth pop 4 -1 roll
   sub neg 3 -1 roll div 0 8#040 4 -1 roll
   widthshow
} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Select MIDI Channel and Instrument with %%MIDI Directives

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Use %%MIDI channel and %%MIDI program directives to specify the MIDI channel (1-16) and General MIDI instrument (0-127) for a voice. Inline MIDI commands [I:MIDI program] can also be used.

```abc
X:1
T:Instrument Selection
M:4/4
L:1/8
K:C

V:1
%%MIDI channel 1
%%MIDI program 40          % Violin
CDEF GABC |

V:2
%%MIDI channel 2
%%MIDI program 0           % Acoustic Grand Piano
CDEF GABC |

V:3
%%MIDI channel 3
%%MIDI program 56          % Trumpet
CDEF GABC |

% Inline MIDI commands avoid breaking music lines
[I:MIDI program 73] c2de [I:MIDI program 0] fgab |
```

--------------------------------

### Draw a Line and Show Text

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

The 'wln' procedure draws a horizontal line and then shows text. It takes the text string as an argument and positions the line relative to the text.

```postscript
/wln {
dup 3 1 roll moveto gsave 0.6 setlinewidth lineto stroke grestore
} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Karaoke File with w: Field and Part Notation

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/abc2abc_demo.txt

Generates a karaoke file using the 'w:' field for lyrics and part notation (P:) to structure verses. Includes MIDI directives for chords and volume.

```abc
X:5
T:Oh You New York Girls
C:Trad
M:4/4
L:1/8
Q:1/4=200
P:(AB)3
K:C % 0 sharps
%%MIDI gchord fz
%%MIDI chordvol 90
P:A
g2|e2g2g3g|f2a2a3a|g2g2f2g2|e6 
w:As I walked out on So-uth Street, a fair maid I did meet
w:I said, "My dear young la-dy, I'm a stran-ger here in town
w:I took her out to Tiff-an-y's, I spared her no ex-pense
g2|c'3c'c'2g2|b2 a2a3a|g3 gf2d2|c4
w:Who asked me please to see her home, she lived on Blee-cker Street
w:I left my ship just yes-ter-day, from Liver-pool I was bound."
w:I bought her two gold ea-r-rings, they cost me fif-teen cents.
P:B
e2f2|g6e2|f2 a6|b4 a4|a2g4 z2|
w:And a-way, you John-ny, my dear hon-ey
c'6b2|b2a2 a4|g3g f2B2|d2c4
w:Oh you New York girls, can you dance the pol-ka?
```

--------------------------------

### Convert MIDI to ABC Notation with midi2abc

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Convert MIDI files to ABC notation using `midi2abc`. Options include saving to a file (`-o`), auto-detecting key signatures (`-gk`), specifying time signature and tempo (`-m`, `-Q`), and selecting specific channels (`-c`).

```sh
# Basic conversion (output to stdout)
midi2abc -f song.mid
```

```sh
# Save to file
midi2abc -f song.mid -o song.abc
```

```sh
midi2abc -f song.mid > song.abc
```

```sh
# Auto-detect key signature by minimizing accidentals
midi2abc -f song.mid -gk -o song.abc
```

```sh
# Specify time signature and tempo explicitly
midi2abc -f song.mid -m 3/4 -Q 120 -o waltz.abc
```

```sh
# Convert only channel 2 (e.g., a specific instrument)
midi2abc -f song.mid -c 2 -o melody.abc
```

```sh
# Guess anacrusis (pickup bar) automatically
midi2abc -f song.mid -xa -o song.abc
```

```sh
# Split non-homophonic chords into separate voices
midi2abc -f song.mid -splitvoices -o song.abc
```

```sh
# Piano-roll style note list (for debugging/analysis)
midi2abc -f song.mid -midigram
```

```sh
# Produce mftext-style event dump inline
midi2abc -f song.mid -mftext
```

```sh
# Custom quantization: 32nd-note resolution
midi2abc -f song.mid -aul 32 -o song.abc
```

```sh
# Summary statistics about the MIDI file
midi2abc -f song.mid -stats
```

--------------------------------

### Show String with Pop (W1)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Shows a string and pops two additional items from the stack. Usage: str W1.

```postscript
/W1 { show pop pop } bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Embed MIDI Commands in Info Fields

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcguide.txt

Allows embedding %%MIDI commands within info fields using the '[I:MIDI command]' syntax, avoiding line breaks in the music. The '=' following 'MIDI' is crucial.

```abc
[I:MIDI drumon]
```

--------------------------------

### Run abcMIDI Tests with CMake

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/README.md

Execute the test suite for the abcMIDI package using CMake presets. Use '-L golden' or '-L smoke' to run specific test types.

```sh
# Run all tests
ctest --preset debug
```

```sh
# Run only golden-file tests / only smoke tests
ctest --preset debug -L golden
ctest --preset debug -L smoke
```

--------------------------------

### Makefile for abcmatch compilation

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcmatch.txt

This Makefile outlines the compilation process for abcmatch using gcc. It specifies the object files required and the linking command to create the executable.

```makefile
CFLAGS=-c 
abcmatch:  parseabc.o matchsup.o abcmatch.o
	gcc  parseabc.o matchsup.o abcmatch.o -o abcmatch.exe

parseabc.o : parseabc.c abc.h
	gcc $(CFLAGS) abcparse.c

matchsup.o : matchsup.c abc.h
	gcc $(CFLAGS) abcstore.c

abcmatch.o : abcmatch.c abc.h
	gcc $(CFLAGS) abcmatch.c
```

--------------------------------

### midicopy Basic Usage

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/readme.txt

Copies the contents of an input MIDI file to a new output MIDI file without any modifications. This is the most basic usage of the midicopy tool.

```bash
midicopy.exe input.mid output.mid
```

--------------------------------

### midi2abc Usage

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/readme.txt

Command-line options for the midi2abc program, which converts MIDI files to abc notation.

```bash
midi2abc <options>
         -a <half L: units>
         -xa  extract anacrusis from file (find first strong note)
         -ga  guess anacrusis (minimize ties across bars)
         -gk  guess key signature by minimizing accidentals
         -gu  guess the number of midi pulses per note from note
              duration statistics in the MIDI file 
         -m <time signature>
         -b <bars wanted in output>
         -Q <tempo in quarter-notes per minute>
         -k <key signature> -6 to 6 sharps
         -c <channel>
         [-f] <input file>
         -o <output file>
         -s do not discard very short notes
         -sr do not notate a short rest after a note
         -sum summary
         -nt do not look for triplets or broken rhythm
         -u number of midi pulses per abc time unit
         -ppu parts per abc unit length (power of 2 only)
         -aul denominator of abc unit length (power of 2 only)
         -obpl one bar per line (deprecated)
```

--------------------------------

### Set Microtonal Temperament with %%MIDI temperamentlinear

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Retune the scale using `%%MIDI temperamentlinear` by providing custom octave and fifth sizes in cents. This enables historical and experimental temperaments. Use `%%MIDI temperamentnormal` to revert to equal temperament.

```abc
%%MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 701.955001   % Pythagorean
```

```abc
%%MIDI temperamentnormal
```

```abc
%%MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 694.736842   % 19-EDO
```

```abc
%%MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 696.57843    % 1/4-comma meantone
```

```abc
%%MIDI temperamentlinear 1200.0 698.0        % fifth=698 cents
```

--------------------------------

### Running abcmatch without parameters

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcmatch.txt

When run without any arguments, abcmatch displays its version and usage information, listing available command-line options.

```bash
abcmatch version 1.55
Usage : abcmatch <abc file> [-options]
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Guitar Chord Generation

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcguide.txt

Sets up how guitar chords are generated using a sequence of codes for rests, chords, and fundamentals. Supports optional note durations and arpeggiation.

```abc
%%MIDI gchord fzczfzcz
%%MIDI gchord fzczcz
%%MIDI gchord fzcfzc
%%MIDI gchord fzcfzcfzc
```

```abc
%%MIDI gchord ghih
```

```abc
%%MIDI gchord ghih
"G" z4| z4|
%%MIDI gchordoff
z4|
```

--------------------------------

### Load Stress Parameters

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcguide.txt

Load stress parameters from a file to apply them to every note. This overrides standard beat models and dynamic indications.

```abc
%%MIDI ptstress filename
```

--------------------------------

### Load Custom Stress Model with abc2midi

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Apply a custom stress model from a file to influence the rhythmic expression of the MIDI output.

```sh
abc2midi mysongs.abc -BF -CSM pt/reel.txt -o reel.mid
```

--------------------------------

### Basic Transformation Commands (T, M, L)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Defines basic Postscript commands for translation, moveto, and lineto with stroke.

```postscript
/T {translate} bind def
/M {moveto} bind def
/L {lineto stroke} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Microtonal Music in ABC Notation

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/abc2abc_demo.txt

Demonstrates the use of microtones in ABC notation, indicated by underscores and carets. Note the error messages regarding bar lengths, suggesting potential issues with the notation's adherence to the specified meter.

```abc
X:9
T:Daramad of Shur
L:1/8
% adapted from http://anamnese.online.fr/iran/persianm.abc
% see http://anamnese.online.fr/iran/persian_music.html for more info
Q:1/4=135
M:4/4
K:C
%%MIDI program 111
d e g f e d c _B A G A d2 {c}_B2 {A}G2 |
G A c _B A G F E D E F G A c {_B} A2 {G} F4 
%Error : Bar 1 is 5/2 not 4/4
|
FFF A2 G2 {F} EEE G2 F2 {E} DDDF2 E2
%Error : Bar 2 is 21/8 not 4/4
|
```

--------------------------------

### Copy and Transform MIDI Files with midicopy

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Extracts time intervals, tracks, or channels from MIDI files with optional adjustments. Supports various filtering and transformation options.

```sh
# Simple copy
midicopy input.mid output.mid
```

```sh
# Extract bars 5–20 (using beat numbers)
midicopy -frombeat 5 -tobeat 20 input.mid excerpt.mid
```

```sh
# Extract a time window in seconds
midicopy -fromsec 10.0 -tosec 30.5 input.mid clip.mid
```

```sh
# Copy only tracks 1 and 3
midicopy -trks 1,3 input.mid tracks13.mid
```

```sh
# Copy only MIDI channel 2
midicopy -chns 2 input.mid ch2.mid
```

```sh
# Exclude the drum track (channel 10)
midicopy -nodrums input.mid nodrum.mid
```

```sh
# Keep only the drum track
midicopy -onlydrums input.mid drums.mid
```

```sh
# Change playback speed (0.5 = half speed, 2.0 = double)
midicopy -speed 0.5 input.mid slow.mid
```

```sh
# Override tempo to 140 BPM
midicopy -tempo 140 input.mid fast.mid
```

```sh
# Emphasize bass drum (MIDI pitch 36) at velocity 120
midicopy -drumfocus 36 120 input.mid kickfocus.mid
```

```sh
# Attenuate all tracks except track 2
midicopy -focusontrack 2 -attenuation 60 input.mid solo.mid
```

```sh
# Transpose all notes up 2 semitones
midicopy -transpose 2 input.mid transposed.mid
```

```sh
# Remove pitch-bend events
midicopy -nobends input.mid clean.mid
```

--------------------------------

### MIDI Program and Chord Program

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcguide.txt

Specify MIDI program (instrument) and chord program for a major key. Spaces are optional.

```abc
[I: MIDI program 73 MIDI chordprog 29]
```

--------------------------------

### Layout Text with Line Breaks (P1)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Lays out text, potentially with multiple lines, handling character widths and adding line breaks. Assumes text and formatting parameters are on the stack.

```postscript
/P1 {
  {  WC dup 0 le {exit} if
      exch pop gsave { exch show ( ) show } repeat grestore LF
   } loop pop pop pop pop
} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Decode MIDI File to Text with mftext

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Produces a verbose dump of MIDI events. Useful for debugging MIDI sequences. Output can be directed to stdout or a file.

```sh
# Dump MIDI events to stdout
mftext song.mid
```

```sh
# Save MIDI event dump to file
mftext song.mid > song_events.txt
```

--------------------------------

### Define Music Parts with P: Directive

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Use the P: directive to define named sections (parts) of a tune and specify their playback order in the header. This allows for structured composition with repeatable sections.

```abc
X:1
T:Dance with Parts
M:3/4
L:1/8
Q:1/4=132
P:A(BC)3B     % Play: A, B, C, B, C, B, C, B
K:G

P:A
|: G2 AB GA | B2 c2 B2 | A2 GA FG | E4 D2 :|

P:B
|: d2 ef ga | b2 a2 g2 | e2 fg ed | B4 A2 :|

P:C
K:D
|: f2 ef gf | e2 d2 c2 | d2 ef gf | a4 f2 :|
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Karaoke MIDI with abc2midi

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Use `abc2midi` with the `-STFW` flags to generate karaoke MIDI files, placing lyrics on separate tracks. This command processes the input ABC file and outputs the MIDI to `karaoke.mid`.

```sh
# Generate karaoke MIDI with lyrics in separate tracks
abc2midi songs.abc 1 -STFW -o karaoke.mid
```

--------------------------------

### abc2midi Utility Procedures

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/programming/abc2midi.txt

Details utility functions for managing arguments, voice contexts, and character output within abc2midi. These are essential for program execution and data manipulation.

```c
getarg(option, argc, argv) - gets run time arguments.
newvoice(n) - creates a new voice context.
getvoicecontext() - finds or makes a voice context.
clearvoicecontexts() - frees up the memory of the voice context
```

```c
char_out(list,out,ch) - for building up a parts list in a P: command.
read_spec() - converts P:A(AB)3 to P:AABABAB etc.
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Karaoke MIDI with abc2midi

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Convert abc notation to MIDI with lyrics placed in separate tracks for karaoke playback.

```sh
abc2midi mysongs.abc -STFW -o karaoke.mid
```

--------------------------------

### Add Smoke Tests

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/CMakeLists.txt

Iterates through all abcmidi binaries and adds a smoke test for each, verifying they run with the -ver flag and exit cleanly.

```cmake
foreach(bin IN LISTS ABCMIDI_BINARIES)
  add_test(NAME "smoke_${bin}_ver" COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:${bin}> -ver)
  set_tests_properties("smoke_${bin}_ver" PROPERTIES LABELS "smoke")
endforeach()
```

--------------------------------

### Specify Output File for abc2midi

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Convert a specific tune from an abc file and write it to a designated output MIDI file.

```sh
abc2midi mysongs.abc 1 -o output.mid
```

--------------------------------

### Layout Text with Spacing and Line Breaks (P2)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Lays out text with advanced spacing and line break handling. It calculates spacing based on character widths and adjusts positioning.

```postscript
/P2 {
   {  WC dup 0 le {exit} if
      dup 1 sub dup 0 eq
      { pop exch pop 0.0 }
      { 3 2 roll 3 index exch sub exch div } ifelse
      counttomark 3 sub 2 index eq { pop 0 } if exch gsave
      {  3 2 roll show ( ) show dup 0 rmoveto } repeat
      grestore LF pop
   } loop pop pop pop pop
} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Center-Align Text

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

The 'cshow' procedure in PostScript displays a string centered at the current point. It calculates the string width and adjusts the position accordingly.

```postscript
/cshow { % usage: string cshow  - center at current pt
   dup stringwidth pop 2 div neg 0 rmoveto
   currentpoint pop dup 0 lt {neg 0 rmoveto} {pop} ifelse
   show
} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Draw Triple Note Beam (gbm3)

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/tests/golden/yaps_coleraine.txt

Draws a triple note beam between two points. Assumes coordinates are already set.

```postscript
/gbm3 {
  gsave 1.2 setlinewidth
  4 copy 0.3 sub moveto 0.3 sub lineto stroke
  4 copy 2.5 sub moveto 2.5 sub lineto stroke
  4.7 sub moveto 4.7 sub lineto stroke grestore
} bind def
```

--------------------------------

### Override Tempo in abc2midi

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Set a custom tempo (in quarter notes per minute) for the MIDI output using the -Q option.

```sh
abc2midi mysongs.abc -Q 160
```

--------------------------------

### Manage Barline Behavior

Source: https://github.com/sshlien/abcmidi/blob/master/doc/abcguide.txt

Toggles the behavior of accidentals. '%%MIDI nobarlines' makes accidentals apply only to the next note, while '%%MIDI barlines' reverts to the default behavior where accidentals apply until the end of the bar.

```abc
%%MIDI nobarlines
```

```abc
%%MIDI barlines
```

--------------------------------

### Syntax Check abc Notation with abc2midi

Source: https://context7.com/sshlien/abcmidi/llms.txt

Use abc2midi to perform a syntax check on an abc notation file without generating MIDI output.

```sh
abc2midi mysongs.abc -c
```
Tokens:
Raw