### Install Dependencies

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/examples/basic/basic-os.md

Command to install QEMU system emulator for x86 architecture.

```sh
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install qemu-system-x86
```

--------------------------------

### Custom Kernel Stack Size Configuration

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/README.md

Configure the kernel stack size when using the entry_point macro. This example sets a custom stack size of 100 KiB.

```rust
const CONFIG: bootloader_api::BootloaderConfig = {
    let mut config = bootloader_api::BootloaderConfig::new_default();
    config.kernel_stack_size = 100 * 1024; // 100 KiB
    config
};
bootloader_api::entry_point!(kernel_main, config = &CONFIG);
```

--------------------------------

### Artifact Dependency Setup

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/examples/basic/basic-os.md

Adds the kernel crate as a build-dependency using artifact dependencies in Cargo.toml. Requires enabling the unstable artifact-dependencies feature.

```toml
# in Cargo.toml
[build-dependencies]
kernel = { path = "kernel", artifact = "bin", target = "x86_64-unknown-none" }
```

```toml
# .cargo/config.toml
[unstable]
bindeps = true
```

--------------------------------

### Retrieve kernel executable path in build.rs

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/README.md

In your build script, use environment variables to get the path to the compiled kernel executable when using artifact dependencies.

```rust
std::env::var_os("CARGO_BIN_FILE_MY_KERNEL_my-kernel")
```

--------------------------------

### Test Bootable ISO with QEMU

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/docs/chainloading.md

Test your generated bootable ISO image using QEMU. This command boots the ISO as a hard disk image and loads your OS binary from a second virtual disk.

```bash
qemu-system-x86_64 -hda grub.iso -hdb target/x86_64-my_os/debug/bootimage-my_os.bin
```

--------------------------------

### Run Bootloader in QEMU

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/bios/boot_sector/README.md

Launches the bootloader using QEMU, specifying a raw disk image. This command is used for testing and debugging the boot process.

```bash
qemu-system-x86_64 -drive format=raw,file=../../target/disk_image.img
```

--------------------------------

### Create Bootable ISO with GRUB

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/docs/chainloading.md

Use grub-mkrescue to create a bootable ISO image from your OS's ISO directory. Ensure the 'iso' directory contains your GRUB configuration and OS binary.

```bash
grub-mkrescue -o grub.iso iso
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize a new Cargo binary project

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/README.md

Use this command to create a new binary crate for your OS project.

```sh
cargo init --bin
```

--------------------------------

### Build Project

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/examples/basic/basic-os.md

Command to build the project using Cargo.

```sh
$ cargo build
```

--------------------------------

### Build UEFI Bootloader

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/uefi/README.md

Command to build the UEFI bootloader for x86_64. It specifies the target, release profile, and enables unstable features for building standard library components.

```bash
cargo b --target x86_64-unknown-uefi --release -Zbuild-std=core -Zbuild-std-features=compiler-builtins-mem
```

--------------------------------

### Run Project (UEFI)

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/examples/basic/basic-os.md

Command to run the built project in UEFI mode using Cargo.

```sh
$ cargo run uefi
```

--------------------------------

### Run Project (BIOS)

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/examples/basic/basic-os.md

Command to run the built project in BIOS mode using Cargo.

```sh
$ cargo run bios
```

--------------------------------

### Build Bootsector

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/bios/boot_sector/README.md

Builds the first-stage bootsector using Cargo with specific targets and standard library configurations. This command is essential for creating the bootable executable.

```bash
cargo build --profile=stage-1 -Zbuild-std=core --target ../../i386-code16-boot-sector.json -Zbuild-std-features=compiler-builtins-mem
```

--------------------------------

### Build Script for Bootable Image

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/examples/basic/basic-os.md

Indicates the use of a cargo build script to create a bootable disk image.

```rust
# build.rs
// (content not provided in source, only referenced)
```

--------------------------------

### Specify nightly toolchain and targets

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/README.md

Ensure you are using the nightly Rust toolchain and specify the necessary build targets for your OS development.

```toml
# rust-toolchain.toml
[toolchain]
channel = "nightly"
targets = ["x86_64-unknown-none", "x86_64-unknown-uefi"]
```

--------------------------------

### Convert ELF to Raw Binary

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/bios/boot_sector/README.md

Converts the built ELF executable into a raw binary format suitable for a disk image. This step is crucial for creating a bootable sector.

```bash
objcopy -I elf32-i386 -O binary ../../target/i386-code16-boot-sector/stage-1/bootloader-x86_64-bios-boot-sector ../../target/disk_image.img
```

--------------------------------

### Add kernel as a workspace member

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/README.md

Create a new binary crate for your kernel within the project and add it to the workspace.

```sh
cargo new kernel --bin
```

--------------------------------

### GRUB Configuration for Chainloading

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/docs/chainloading.md

Configure GRUB2 to chainload your OS by specifying the boot binary location. This entry assumes your OS binary is on the first partition of the second hard disk (hd1).

```grub
menuentry "myOS" {
	chainloader (hd1)+1
}
```

--------------------------------

### Toolchain Configuration

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/examples/basic/basic-os.md

Specifies the nightly channel and necessary components/targets for the Rust toolchain in rust-toolchain.toml.

```toml
# rust-toolchain.toml
[toolchain]
channel = "nightly"
components = ["llvm-tools"]
targets = ["x86_64-unknown-none", "x86_64-unknown-uefi"]
```

--------------------------------

### Workspace Configuration

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/examples/basic/basic-os.md

Defines the kernel crate as a member of the workspace in Cargo.toml.

```toml
# in Cargo.toml
[workspace]
members = ["kernel"]
```

--------------------------------

### Define a Cargo workspace

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/README.md

Configure your Cargo.toml to manage multiple crates within a single project. Add your kernel crate to the members list.

```toml
# in Cargo.toml
[workspace]
resolver = "3"
members = []
```

--------------------------------

### Inspect ELF File Contents

Source: https://github.com/rust-osdev/bootloader/blob/main/bios/boot_sector/README.md

Dumps the contents of the ELF file in a detailed format, useful for analyzing the binary and identifying areas for size reduction. The `-M i8086,intel` option specifies the processor mode for disassembly.

```bash
objdump -xsdS -M i8086,intel ../../target/i386-code16-boot-sector/stage-1/bootloader-x86_64-bios-boot-sector
```

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