### Install cargo-fuzz

Source: https://github.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/blob/master/fuzz/README.md

Installs the cargo-fuzz tool required for fuzz testing.

```bash
cargo install cargo-fuzz
```

--------------------------------

### Build Document Structure from XML Tokens in Rust

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

This example shows how to parse XML tokens and build a hierarchical element structure. It requires importing the Tokenizer and Token enums from the xmlparser crate. The code iterates through tokens, managing a stack to reconstruct parent-child relationships and attributes.

```rust
use xmlparser::{Tokenizer, Token, ElementEnd};

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Element {
    name: String,
    attributes: Vec<(String, String)>,
    children: Vec<Node>,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
enum Node {
    Element(Element),
    Text(String),
}

fn main() {
    let xml = r###"<library>
    <book id="1" lang="en">
        <title>Rust Programming</title>
        <author>Jane Doe</author>
    </book>
    <book id="2" lang="de">
        <title>XML Parsing</title>
        <author>John Smith</author>
    </book>
</library>"###;

    let mut stack: Vec<Element> = Vec::new();
    let mut current_attrs: Vec<(String, String)> = Vec::new();
    let mut current_name = String::new();

    for token in Tokenizer::from(xml) {
        match token.unwrap() {
            Token::ElementStart { local, .. } => {
                current_name = local.as_str().to_string();
                current_attrs.clear();
            }
            Token::Attribute { local, value, .. } => {
                current_attrs.push((local.as_str().to_string(), value.as_str().to_string()));
            }
            Token::ElementEnd { end: ElementEnd::Open, .. } => {
                stack.push(Element {
                    name: current_name.clone(),
                    attributes: current_attrs.clone(),
                    children: Vec::new(),
                });
            }
            Token::ElementEnd { end: ElementEnd::Empty, .. } => {
                let elem = Element {
                    name: current_name.clone(),
                    attributes: current_attrs.clone(),
                    children: Vec::new(),
                };
                if let Some(parent) = stack.last_mut() {
                    parent.children.push(Node::Element(elem));
                }
            }
            Token::ElementEnd { end: ElementEnd::Close(_, _), .. } => {
                if let Some(elem) = stack.pop() {
                    if let Some(parent) = stack.last_mut() {
                        parent.children.push(Node::Element(elem));
                    } else {
                        // Root element
                        print_element(&elem, 0);
                    }
                }
            }
            Token::Text { text } => {
                let trimmed = text.as_str().trim();
                if !trimmed.is_empty() {
                    if let Some(parent) = stack.last_mut() {
                        parent.children.push(Node::Text(trimmed.to_string()));
                    }
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
}

fn print_element(elem: &Element, indent: usize) {
    let prefix = "  ".repeat(indent);
    print!("{}\<{}", prefix, elem.name);
    for (k, v) in &elem.attributes {
        print!(" {}=\"{}\"", k, v);
    }
    println!(">");
    for child in &elem.children {
        match child {
            Node::Element(e) => print_element(e, indent + 1),
            Node::Text(t) => println!("{}  {}", prefix, t),
        }
    }
    println!("{}\</{}>", prefix, elem.name);
}

```

--------------------------------

### Install AFL fuzzer

Source: https://github.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/blob/master/afl-fuzz/README.md

Installs the cargo-afl tool required for fuzzing Rust projects.

```bash
cargo install afl
```

--------------------------------

### Build and run fuzzer

Source: https://github.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/blob/master/afl-fuzz/README.md

Compiles the project with instrumentation and initiates the fuzzing process.

```bash
cargo afl build
cargo afl fuzz -i in -o out target/debug/afl-fuzz
```

--------------------------------

### Run the fuzzer

Source: https://github.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/blob/master/fuzz/README.md

Executes the fuzz_xml target using the nightly toolchain.

```bash
cd ..
cargo +nightly fuzz run fuzz_xml
```

--------------------------------

### Handle XML Parsing Errors

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

Demonstrates how to catch and inspect parsing errors, including retrieving line and column positions and matching on specific error types.

```rust
use xmlparser::{Tokenizer, Token, Error, StreamError, TextPos};

fn main() {
    let invalid_xml = "<root attr=no_quotes><child></root>";

    for token in Tokenizer::from(invalid_xml) {
        match token {
            Ok(t) => println!("Token: {:?}", t),
            Err(e) => {
                // Get error position
                let pos: TextPos = e.pos();
                println!("Error at line {}, column {}", pos.row, pos.col);
                println!("Error: {}", e);

                // Pattern match on specific error types
                match e {
                    Error::InvalidAttribute(stream_err, pos) => {
                        println!("Invalid attribute at {}:{}", pos.row, pos.col);
                        match stream_err {
                            StreamError::InvalidQuote(c, _) => {
                                println!("Expected quote, got '{}'", c as char);
                            }
                            _ => println!("Stream error: {}", stream_err),
                        }
                    }
                    Error::InvalidElement(_, pos) => {
                        println!("Invalid element at {}:{}", pos.row, pos.col);
                    }
                    Error::UnknownToken(pos) => {
                        println!("Unknown token at {}:{}", pos.row, pos.col);
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Parse XML with Stream

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

Utilize the low-level Stream interface for manual parsing of XML structures.

```rust
use xmlparser::{Stream, TextPos};

fn main() {
    let mut stream = Stream::from("name='value' other");

    // Consume an XML name
    let name = stream.consume_name().unwrap();
    println!("Name: {} ({}..{})", name.as_str(), name.start(), name.end());

    // Consume equals sign (with optional whitespace)
    stream.consume_eq().unwrap();

    // Consume quote and value
    let quote = stream.consume_quote().unwrap();
    let value = stream.consume_bytes(|_, c| c != quote);
    stream.consume_byte(quote).unwrap();

    println!("Value: {}", value.as_str());

    // Check current position
    println!("Current position: {}", stream.pos());
    println!("Text position: {:?}", stream.gen_text_pos());

    // Skip whitespace
    stream.skip_spaces();

    // Check what's next
    println!("Starts with 'other': {}", stream.starts_with(b"other"));
    println!("At end: {}", stream.at_end());
}
```

--------------------------------

### Parse XML fragments with Tokenizer::from_fragment

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

Parses XML content that lacks a single root element or valid document structure.

```rust
use xmlparser::{Tokenizer, Token, ElementEnd};

fn main() {
    // Parse just a fragment of XML content (multiple root elements)
    let fragment = "<item>First</item><item>Second</item>";

    let tokenizer = Tokenizer::from_fragment(fragment, 0..fragment.len());

    let mut items = Vec::new();
    let mut current_text = String::new();

    for token in tokenizer {
        match token.unwrap() {
            Token::Text { text } => {
                current_text = text.as_str().to_string();
            }
            Token::ElementEnd { end: ElementEnd::Close(_, local), .. } if local.as_str() == "item" => {
                items.push(current_text.clone());
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    println!("Parsed items: {:?}", items);
    // Output: Parsed items: ["First", "Second"]
}
```

--------------------------------

### Tokenize XML string

Source: https://github.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/blob/master/README.md

Iterate over tokens in an XML string using the Tokenizer.

```rust
for token in xmlparser::Tokenizer::from("<tagname name='value'/>") {
    println!("{:?}", token);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Parse XML documents with Tokenizer

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

Uses the Tokenizer to iterate over XML tokens, matching on specific constructs like declarations, elements, and attributes.

```rust
use xmlparser::{Tokenizer, Token, ElementEnd};

fn main() {
    let xml = r#"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root attr="value">
    <child>Text content</child>
</root>"#;

    for token in Tokenizer::from(xml) {
        match token {
            Ok(Token::Declaration { version, encoding, standalone, span }) => {
                println!("XML Declaration: version={}, encoding={:?}",
                    version.as_str(), encoding.map(|e| e.as_str()));
            }
            Ok(Token::ElementStart { prefix, local, span }) => {
                println!("Element start: <{}{}> at {}..{}",
                    if prefix.is_empty() { "".to_string() } else { format!("{}:", prefix.as_str()) },
                    local.as_str(), span.start(), span.end());
            }
            Ok(Token::Attribute { prefix, local, value, span }) => {
                println!("Attribute: {}=\"{}\"", local.as_str(), value.as_str());
            }
            Ok(Token::ElementEnd { end, span }) => {
                match end {
                    ElementEnd::Open => println!("Element opened (>)"),
                    ElementEnd::Close(prefix, local) => println!("Element closed: </{}>", local.as_str()),
                    ElementEnd::Empty => println!("Self-closing element (/>)"),
                }
            }
            Ok(Token::Text { text }) => {
                println!("Text: {:?}", text.as_str().trim());
            }
            Err(e) => {
                println!("Error at {}:{}: {}", e.pos().row, e.pos().col, e);
                break;
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Parse XML Namespaces in Rust

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

Iterates through XML tokens to extract namespace prefixes, local names, and attribute values. Requires the xmlparser crate and standard library collections.

```rust
use xmlparser::{Tokenizer, Token, ElementEnd};
use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
    let xml = r#"<svg:rect xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" svg:width="100" svg:height="50"/>"#;

    let mut namespaces: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();

    for token in Tokenizer::from(xml) {
        match token.unwrap() {
            Token::ElementStart { prefix, local, .. } => {
                if !prefix.is_empty() {
                    println!("Namespaced element: {}:{}", prefix.as_str(), local.as_str());
                } else {
                    println!("Element: {}", local.as_str());
                }
            }
            Token::Attribute { prefix, local, value, .. } => {
                // Check for namespace declarations
                if local.as_str() == "xmlns" || prefix.as_str() == "xmlns" {
                    let ns_prefix = if prefix.as_str() == "xmlns" {
                        local.as_str().to_string()
                    } else {
                        "".to_string()
                    };
                    namespaces.insert(ns_prefix.clone(), value.as_str().to_string());
                    println!("Namespace declaration: {} -> {}",
                        if ns_prefix.is_empty() { "(default)" } else { &ns_prefix },
                        value.as_str());
                } else if !prefix.is_empty() {
                    println!("Namespaced attribute: {}:{} = \"{}\"",
                        prefix.as_str(), local.as_str(), value.as_str());
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    println!("\nResolved namespaces:");
    for (prefix, uri) in &namespaces {
        println!("  {} -> {}", if prefix.is_empty() { "(default)" } else { prefix }, uri);
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Tokenize XML content

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

Iterate through XML tokens using the Tokenizer to handle declarations, DTDs, elements, and attributes.

```rust
use xmlparser::{Tokenizer, Token, ElementEnd, ExternalId, EntityDefinition};

fn main() {
    let xml = r#"<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE root SYSTEM "root.dtd" [
    <!ENTITY greeting "Hello">
]>
<?target instruction content?>
<!-- A comment -->
<root xmlns:ns="http://example.com">
    <![CDATA[Raw <content>]]>
</root>"#;

    for token in Tokenizer::from(xml) {
        match token.unwrap() {
            Token::Declaration { version, encoding, standalone, span } => {
                println!("Declaration: version={}", version.as_str());
            }
            Token::DtdStart { name, external_id, span } => {
                println!("DOCTYPE start: {}", name.as_str());
                if let Some(ExternalId::System(uri)) = external_id {
                    println!("  SYSTEM: {}", uri.as_str());
                }
            }
            Token::EntityDeclaration { name, definition, span } => {
                if let EntityDefinition::EntityValue(value) = definition {
                    println!("Entity: {} = \"{}\"", name.as_str(), value.as_str());
                }
            }
            Token::DtdEnd { span } => {
                println!("DOCTYPE end");
            }
            Token::ProcessingInstruction { target, content, span } => {
                println!("PI: <?{} {}?>", target.as_str(),
                    content.map(|c| c.as_str()).unwrap_or(""));
            }
            Token::Comment { text, span } => {
                println!("Comment: <!--{}-->", text.as_str());
            }
            Token::Cdata { text, span } => {
                println!("CDATA: {}", text.as_str());
            }
            Token::ElementStart { prefix, local, span } => {
                let name = if prefix.is_empty() {
                    local.as_str().to_string()
                } else {
                    format!("{}:{}", prefix.as_str(), local.as_str())
                };
                println!("Element: <{}>", name);
            }
            Token::Attribute { prefix, local, value, span } => {
                println!("  @{} = \"{}\"", local.as_str(), value.as_str());
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Parse XML References

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

Uses the Stream API to consume and identify character and entity references within an XML string.

```rust
use xmlparser::{Stream, Reference};

fn main() {
    // Parse character references
    let mut stream = Stream::from("&#65;&#x41;&lt;&amp;&custom;");

    while !stream.at_end() {
        if let Some(reference) = stream.try_consume_reference() {
            match reference {
                Reference::Char(c) => {
                    println!("Character reference: '{}' (U+{:04X})", c, c as u32);
                }
                Reference::Entity(name) => {
                    println!("Entity reference: &{};", name);
                }
            }
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Access StrSpan position information

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

Use StrSpan to retrieve byte offsets and range information for parsed XML components.

```rust
use xmlparser::{Tokenizer, Token, StrSpan};

fn main() {
    let xml = "<element attr=\"value\">content</element>";

    for token in Tokenizer::from(xml) {
        if let Ok(Token::Attribute { local, value, span, .. }) = token {
            // StrSpan provides position information
            println!("Attribute '{}' found:", local.as_str());
            println!("  Value: {}", value.as_str());
            println!("  Value position: {}..{}", value.start(), value.end());
            println!("  Full attribute span: {}..{}", span.start(), span.end());
            println!("  Range: {:?}", span.range());

            // StrSpan implements Deref to str
            println!("  Value length: {}", value.len());
            println!("  Is empty: {}", value.is_empty());
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Validate XML Characters and Bytes

Source: https://context7.com/razrfalcon/xmlparser/llms.txt

Utilizes XmlCharExt and XmlByteExt traits to verify if characters or bytes conform to XML standards.

```rust
use xmlparser::{XmlCharExt, XmlByteExt};

fn main() {
    // Check if characters are valid XML name characters
    let chars = ['a', 'A', '1', '_', ':', '-', '.', ' ', '<'];

    for c in &chars {
        println!("'{}': name_start={}, name={}, xml_char={}",
            c,
            c.is_xml_name_start(),
            c.is_xml_name(),
            c.is_xml_char());
    }

    println!();

    // Check bytes for XML validity
    let bytes: &[u8] = b"abc123 \t\n<>";
    for b in bytes {
        println!("'{}' (0x{:02X}): digit={}, hex={}, space={}, letter={}, name={}",
            *b as char, b,
            b.is_xml_digit(),
            b.is_xml_hex_digit(),
            b.is_xml_space(),
            b.is_xml_letter(),
            b.is_xml_name());
    }
}
```

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